tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19261006699127675982024-03-20T19:24:39.564-07:00Muslim shrines in IsraelGuidehttps://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.comBlogger26125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-758784362865236082020-12-16T07:01:00.024-08:002023-03-28T22:31:49.462-07:00“Mount of Paradise” – “Mount of Franks” – “Herodium”<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><b>“The mountain of the Little Paradise” – “The Mountain of the Franks” – “Herodion”: three traditions of one place</b></div></div></div></blockquote><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The Palestinian monuments are remarkable for being much more durable than historic periods, epochs and even civilizations. Peoples and cultures change, they endow these monuments with their own narrative, completely different from previous. Things which were told about this or that site before, withdraw into the shadow or disappear. There is no doubt that this process will continue further, and something which is being told us today about a certain monument, will be said differently in the future.<br /><br />
In this article we will consider the cultural aspects of one of the most picturesque Palestinian mountains, which for centuries has been attracting travelers, researchers, and still keeps being in the center of attention. We will study different traditions concerning this mountain in their chronological order. The plenty of historical literature on this topic makes it possible to trace all the peripetias of the culturological process.<br /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><b>The Arabic tradition</b></div><br />
South of Jerusalem 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) and south-east of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) lies a picturesque cone-shaped <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.6688785,35.2394712,3a,82.6y,142.78h,66.24t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOQ9Rv8dQu6gpeFyEx4HlOuvBmXTHP5VEjjnrDV!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOQ9Rv8dQu6gpeFyEx4HlOuvBmXTHP5VEjjnrDV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya100-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">volcanic mountain</a>. At its top there are the ruins of an ancient fortress. The local Arab inhabitants call it almost poetically <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodium">Jebel el-Fureidis</a> (جبل الفرديس), which is usually translated as “the Mountain of the Little Paradise”. It might be taken as an earthly Paradise.<br /><br />
The author of this article visited this mountain in October, 2010, accompanied with an Israeli guide; and since that time he has been carefully taking the historical evidence about this landmark.<br /><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JuAjNTY3UGs/X6iSVOwJKgI/AAAAAAAAHp8/78__XDURD_MGroKIF62I9GZaxq91A4MFACLcBGAsYHQ/s1366/Herodion%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="360" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JuAjNTY3UGs/X6iSVOwJKgI/AAAAAAAAHp8/78__XDURD_MGroKIF62I9GZaxq91A4MFACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h360/Herodion%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on">Jebel el-Fureidis nowadays. Now the mountain and the adjacent area make the Israeli National Park “Har Herodion” (<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F">הר הרודיון</a>).</div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">An Arabic word “el-Fureidis” is plural of “Firdous”, which means “paradise” or “the gardens” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/439/mode/1up">Le Strange 1890: 439</a>). This word has Persian roots adopted by the Arabs. In the Middle aged Damascus, the one of the city gates adjoined to the quarter with gardens were called “Faradis”. The people of Syria very often call the vineyards and the gardens by the name “Firdous”.<br /><br />
In his book, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a> told that in 1047 he went from Jerusalem to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebron">Hebron</a>. “<i>Along the road leading south you can see many villages surrounded by cultivated fields and gardens. Trees that do not need to be watered such as vines, fig trees, olive trees and sumach grow randomly and plentifully there. In two <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasang">parasang</a> distance from Jerusalem there is a place where you can see the spring, vineyards and gardens. The charm of this place gave it the name of Faradis</i>" (<a href="https://archive.org/details/sefernamehrelati01nasiuoft/page/98/mode/1up">1881: 98–99</a>).<br /><br />
In the Middle Ages this area was one of the most picturesque and ambrosial places in Palestine. European travelers supported the words of Nasir Khusraw: “<i>The name of "the Little Paradise," which the place still bears, may have arisen from the beauty of the gardens, no less than of the town (i.e. the remains of the buildings at the foot of the mountain)</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/holylandbible01geikuoft#page/242/mode/1up">Geikie 1888: 242</a>; <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89095144648&view=1up&seq=354">Fulton 1900: 282</a>). “<i>The preserved man-made terraces to the north and north-west, at the foot of the mountain and its slopes bear evidence of the former tree and orchard crops</i>” (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27928332?read-now=1&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents">Schick 1880: 89</a>).<br /><br />
In 18th and 19th centuries European visitors wrote about the terraces on the slopes of Jebel el-Fureidis. These terraces are clearly visible in the drawing in the book of Richard Pococke dated 1745 (see below). Today, these terraces are nowhere to be seen: they were either filled up during Israeli archaeological excavations, or hidden by hiking trails and a spiral road leading to the top of the mountain.<br /><br />
The cone-shaped mountain towering in the middle of the gardens was visible from afar and inspired a reverent attitude towards itself. The Arabs monitored the condition of the mountain and protected it the best they could. In any case, when curious European guests climbed to the top and examined the ruins of the fortress, the local sheikh came himself or sent people to see that foreigners were not digging for treasure (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8rEFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA176&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Saulcy 1865: I 176</a>).<br /><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_dirHThhR1A/X7qTAoW0P_I/AAAAAAAAHrs/keXMfBPOg0wWzBDPti8p3YwXxvbu5XRFwCLcBGAsYHQ/s999/Wilson%2B1881%2BI%2B137b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="702" data-original-width="999" height="450" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_dirHThhR1A/X7qTAoW0P_I/AAAAAAAAHrs/keXMfBPOg0wWzBDPti8p3YwXxvbu5XRFwCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h450/Wilson%2B1881%2BI%2B137b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">View of Jebel el-Fureidis from Bethlehem. 19th century drawing (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales01wilsuoft#page/137/mode/1up">Wilson 1881: I 137</a>)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">Sometimes it came to clashes between locals and foreigners. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Jesus">Jesuit</a> missionary <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Nau">Michel Nau</a> describes such a scene in 1674: “<i>A little more than one league from Bethlehem, we reached the foot of a high mountain, which is separated from all the others. I have heard that it is called the Mountain of Franks; but in the local village it is called Ferdays or Ferdaous, that is, Paradise. We rode the horses until the rise rate forced us to dismount to climb to the top. Then two or three Arabs, seeing us and not knowing that our company was headed by the [French] Ambassador himself, started shouting at us, forbidding us to go further. Seeing that no one was embarrassed by what they were shouting, they began to throw large stones from the top of that place, which jumped and rolled down the slope with frantic speed and would certainly have killed or knocked over whoever they hit. We managed to dodge them, and then our dragomen quickly rushed to them (to the Arabs), prevented them from continuing, and then we peacefully reached the peak</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jr91E25IOtQC&pg=PA439&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1757: 439</a>).<br /><br />
The locals acted this way, since they considered themselves as guardians of this sacred mountain, been called to protect it from the encroachments of foreigners and infidels. The harshness and ferocity with which <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellah">fellahs</a> sometimes defended their shrines was well known in Palestine and beyond.<br /><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The very shape of the mountain, which is an almost perfect cone, truncated at the top, has long suggested that this mountain, at least partly, is man-made. “<i>It is clearly seen that human art has helped the form suggested by nature</i>, — noted <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Schick">Conrad Schick</a>. — <i>Both the present round shape and the present height of the mountain were created only by the infilling</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f3VJyJ9-6hsC&newbks=1&pg=PA162&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Binos 1787: II 162</a>). Even today there are plenty of those who supports the idea about the artificial origin of this mountain today.<br /><br />
The blooming gardens that Nasir Khusraw wrote about disappeared during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman rule</a>. In the drawings made by European travelers of the 19th century, as well as in the newsreel footage of the early 20th century, we see that around the mountain there is a desert, scorched by the sun, the cultivation of which has stopped long ago.<br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yESG0R26FsM/X6iOcG48TxI/AAAAAAAAHpk/uUFdu9uYV4oWsyaImm8ldLWyi2V_-TbMgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Frank%2BMountain%2B1894.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1572" data-original-width="2048" height="492" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yESG0R26FsM/X6iOcG48TxI/AAAAAAAAHpk/uUFdu9uYV4oWsyaImm8ldLWyi2V_-TbMgCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h492/Frank%2BMountain%2B1894.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on">Jebel el-Fureidis in 19th century drawing
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The fact that there are ruins of a fortress (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castra">castrum</a>) at the top of Jebel el-Fureidis seems to have been known for a long time. But in a complete way, this fortress was opened step by step. After examining the bibliography, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Tobler">Titus Tobler</a> noted that in 1674 the ruins of a large fort covering all the peak, were discovered on the mountain (<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433113918100&view=1up&seq=579">1854: II 569</a>). Tobler refers to the account of the beforementioned Michel Nau, who in 1674 saw underground cisterns, chambers and covered passages (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jr91E25IOtQC&pg=PA438&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1757: 438</a>). But Nau had already seen what had been excavated before him. Further Tobler reports that in 1681 at the northern foot of the mountain they found the remains of a pond with a fountain in the middle.<br /><br />
Since 1738, more and more attention has been paid to this place by European travelers. We need to add that in the late 18th century, a visit to “the Mountain of the Little Paradise” and inspection of the ruins at its top became almost an obligatory point in the routes of foreign visitors to Palestine. After visiting Jerusalem, pilgrims headed to Bethlehem and Hebron; then came Jebel el-Fureidis. Despite the zealous attitude of the locals to their sacred mountain and the ban on excavations, nevertheless, the fortress was gradually excavated.<br /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><b>Old Christian (Crusader) tradition</b></div><br />
Among Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy Land, it was common to call this cone-shaped peak the <b>Mountain of Franks</b>. In general, the Muslims called all Christians and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades">Crusaders</a>, in particular, Franks. European travelers willingly used this designation, applying it to the Crusaders.<br /><br />
“<i>This Fureidis was called Frank Mountain by the Crusaders, and must have been a strong fortification during all the ages in which isolated tells afforded the natural plat form for castles. There is none of equal height and size in Palestine</i>”, — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McClure_Thomson">William Thomson</a> noted (<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101063698748&view=1up&seq=439">1860: II 427–428</a>). “<i>The French Mountain is high, and very steep, and there are no other mountains in the immediate neighborhood; a strong citadel on the summit might be deemed almost impregnable</i>”, — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliny_Fisk">Pliny Fisk</a> told (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voheAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA372&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1828: 372</a>).<br /><br />
The famous Dutch artist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelis_de_Bruijn">Cornelis de Bruyn</a>, who climbed the cone-shaped mountain in 1681, provided the following description: “<i>As for the Mountain of Franks, it is very steep and high. You can reach its peak only with great difficulty, so to speak, climbing. At the top I found several ruins of a castle or fort, where the Franks fought against the infidels for forty years after they lost the city of Jerusalem. These remains are made of very large stones: we see them in the form of caves. Below, next to the mountain, there is still a pond with a fountain in the middle, but now there is no water</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EwlOQlNFWcoC&pg=PA279&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1714: 279</a>).<br /><br />
</div></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FRDDv_fSadI/X6iHCd4IHaI/AAAAAAAAHo4/YOWNmcl6aG8xIrMVm70O0foMFTTMQHa0wCLcBGAsYHQ/s1208/Bruyn%2B1714%2BMonte%2BFrancese.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="663" data-original-width="1208" height="352" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FRDDv_fSadI/X6iHCd4IHaI/AAAAAAAAHo4/YOWNmcl6aG8xIrMVm70O0foMFTTMQHa0wCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h352/Bruyn%2B1714%2BMonte%2BFrancese.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on">“Ruins of Mountain of Franks”. The engraving from de Bruyn's book (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EwlOQlNFWcoC&pg=PA135&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1714: 135</a>)</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">The engraving in de Bruyn's book shows a rather obscure structure, consisting of large ashlars. In the middle of it, there really is something that looks like a cave or rather a hole in the wall.<br /><br />
The English prelate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Pococke">Richard Pococke</a>, who visited it in 1738, describes the Mountain of Franks in more details: “<i>We returned about two miles in the same way, and crossing the valley, we went along a plain ground, to the foot of what they call the Mountain of the Franks, or of Bethulia, from a village of that name near it, though no such place is mentioned by ancient authors in this part of Palestine ; it seems best to agree with the situation of Bethhaccerem, mentioned by Jeremiah as a proper place for a beacon, when the children of Benjamin were to found the trumpet in Tekoa</i>.<br /><br /><i>
There is a tradition, that the knights of Jerusalem, during the holy war, held this place forty years after Jerusalem was taken, which was the reason of its being called the Mountain of the Franks; and it is probable, that they might have kept this place some time after they loft Jerusalem, as it was a fortress very strong by nature : But the garrison consisting only of forty men, as they died off the rest must have been obliged to surrender, supposing this tradition is true</i>.<br /><br /><i>
It is a single hill, and very high, as represented in the eighth plate A, and the top of it appears like a large mount formed by art. The hill is laid out in terraces, the first rising about ten yards above the foot of the hill, above this the hill is very steep; and on one side there is a gentle ascent made by art, as represented in the view of it and as the hill was not so steep to the south, they cut a deep fosse on that side, to add a greater strength to it; the foot of the hill was encompassed with a wall. There was a double circular fortification at top, as may be seen in the plan of it at B, the inner wall was defended by one round tower, and three semicircular ones at equal distances, the first being to the east</i>.<br /><br /><i>
At the foot of the hill to the north there are great ruins of a church, and other buildings. On a hanging ground to the west of them there is a cistern, and the basin of a square pond, which appears to have had an island in the middle of it, and probably there was some building on it. These improvements were also encompassed with a double wall, and they say, that there are remains of two aqueducts to it, one from the sealed fountain of Solomon, and another from the hills south of that fountain. From the top of this hill I was shewn a plain to the south south-east towards the Dead Sea, where they have a tradition, that the garden of balsam trees was situated</i>" (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n71">1745: II 42</a>).<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NhISynKk1dk/X6iNY86IaII/AAAAAAAAHpM/uxoA16t3EIgo3p8BCrOY-tL-dt7JdacNACLcBGAsYHQ/s1034/Pococke%2B1745%252C%2BII%2B44%2BBethulia.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1034" data-original-width="876" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NhISynKk1dk/X6iNY86IaII/AAAAAAAAHpM/uxoA16t3EIgo3p8BCrOY-tL-dt7JdacNACLcBGAsYHQ/w542-h640/Pococke%2B1745%252C%2BII%2B44%2BBethulia.jpg" width="542" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">“Bethulia or the Mountain of the Franks”. Fragment of a drawing from the book by R. Pococke (VIII).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">De Bruyn and Pococke reflected a tradition that had existed for several centuries. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Fabri">Felix Fabri</a>, a Dominican monk who came to Palestine in 1483, was one of the first to convey the legend about the staunch knights who defended the castle on the top of a certain mountain:<br /><br />
“<i>There was here a great castle, with lofty towers, called Rama. It is about this place that the passage in Jer., ch. xxxi., and in Matt., ch. ii., 'In Rama was a voice heard, weeping and wailing,' is believed to have been written... There was enough space within the circuit of its walls to grow sufficient corn to give the people of the castle bread throughout the year. This castle was built by one of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem">Latin Kings of Jerusalem</a>. When <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin">Saladin</a>, King of Egypt, took Jerusalem and the Holy Land by force of arms, and drove out all the Latin Christians from thence, he took all the other castles, towns, and villages, but could not by any means win this Castle of Rama, which was manfully defended by the Christians. He therefore raised the siege, and the Latin Christians continued to dwell in the castle for thirty years after the taking of Jerusalem and Bethlehem, neither could the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saracen">Saracens</a> drive them out. They would be there at this day had not God fought against them; for at the end of thirty years God sent a pestilence into the castle, and in a short time all the women died, from the little girl even to the old woman, and the greater part of the men. The remnant, beholding this, deserted the castle, and fled. When the Saracens found out this, they climbed up the mountain, and pulled down the castle, razing it to the very ground, so that at this day scarce any traces of the walls can be made out. Because of its impregnability, the Christians named this castle Bethulia, after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethulia">Bethulia</a>, Judith's Castle, which is in Galilee</i>" (<a href="https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti02paleuoft/page/403/mode/1up">Fabri 1893: II (2): 403-404</a>; translated from the Latin).<br /><br />
Although Fabri calls this object Rama Castle and Bethulia Castle (both names are derived from the Bible) and doesn't give the local Arabic name, nevertheless, due to the fact that he mentions it when describing the “Teqoa Desert” and the vicinity of Bethlehem, it becomes clear that what he describes is Jebel el-Fureidis seems. This is how the story of Fabri was understood by Christian pilgrims traveling the Holy Land, and it was on this cone-shaped mountain that they placed the Castle Bethulia.<br /><br />
In the 15–16th centuries and at the beginning of the 17th century, the toponym “the Mountain of Franks” didn't come into use yet; the mountain was called “Bethulia” or “Bethulia castrum”. <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Zuallart">Jean Zuallart</a> reports: “<i>From here we see a round mountain on which the Christians had previously built an impregnable fort, where they remained for over forty years after Saladin conquered the city of Jerusalem and the land left by the successors of the beforementioned <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon">Godfrey de Bouillon</a>, but due to the lack of help and the decrease in their number, they were forced to leave him, and because of its valor this fort is known as Bethulia</i>” (<a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k853233f/f444.item">1608: III 222</a>). Similarly, this mountain is called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Cotovicus">Joannes Cotovicus</a> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QXxHDXkz8F0C&pg=PA225&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1619: 225</a>), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Quaresmius">Francisco Quaresmius</a> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CrAKMPCOumwC&pg=PA687&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1639: II 687</a>), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_de_Th%C3%A9venot">Jean Thévenot</a> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SWtgMzm5j64C&pg=PA405&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1665: 405</a>) and other authors. The same toponym appears on the maps of Palestine issued in Europe in the 16–18th centuries.<br /><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B9OK7xAUT7A/X6iQQzH_3KI/AAAAAAAAHpw/ZDWtGfYzuDE5NtcZlFowVyJsA89ZS6eTgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2676/Frank%2BMountain%2B1887%2BGeikie.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1170" data-original-width="2676" height="280" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B9OK7xAUT7A/X6iQQzH_3KI/AAAAAAAAHpw/ZDWtGfYzuDE5NtcZlFowVyJsA89ZS6eTgCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h280/Frank%2BMountain%2B1887%2BGeikie.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on">Drawing of 19th century (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales01wilsuoft#page/137/mode/1up">Wilson 1881: I 137</a>)</div>
<br />
As far as it can be determined, a French pilgrim <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_d%27Arvieux">Laurent d'Arvieux</a>, who visited Palestine in 1660, was the first to use the name “the Mountain of Franks”. He writes: “<i>In the east you can see the ruins of the fortress of Masada, built by Herod. Half a league to the south of these mountains there is a high hill with the ruins of a castle called Bethulie, which the Franks had been preserving for forty years after they lost the entire Holy Land... Those who do not know its real name call it the Mountain of the Franks</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=maYqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA243&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1735: II 243</a>). In the future, the name “the Mountain of Franks” became dominant in Christian descriptions of the Holy Land, although the former toponym “Bethulia” continued to be preserved.<br /><br />
At his time, Mourot shared the opinion that originally the mountain was called Bethulia; then, under the influence of the Franks or pilgrims, they began to call it “Mount Bethulia of Franks”; later the name “Bethulia” was simply skipped and the mountain was called nothing else but “the mountain of the Franks” (<a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5800786v/f244.item">1883: II 230</a>). Indeed, the sources mention the toponym “Bethulia Francorum – a fort built by Christians near Bethlehem” (<a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=I3hUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP254&dq=Bethulia+Bethlehem&hl=ru&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Bethulia%20Bethlehem&f=false">Hartley 1703</a>).<br /><br />
The French explorer Michaud, who visited this place in 1831, tried to give the legend of the Franks a historical justification, finding in the chronicles of the Crusades that fortress that can be identified with the castle on the top of Jebel el-Fureidis:<br /><br />
“<i>A widespread tradition in the country says that after the loss of the Holy City, the Frank soldiers had been holding this castle for forty years, until, finally, famine, which was stronger than the enemy, forced them to surrender. The historical fact preserved by this tradition is not worth discussing; but the Bethlehemite legend is accorded with history when it dates the refers of the Mountain of Franks to the time of the Crusades. Here, I think, could be the castle of Saint-Abraham, about which Albert of Aix tells</i>.<br /><br /><i>
The chronicler reports that this castle has such a name because it was believed that it was built by Abraham and that the patriarch had his tomb there. “The Turks,” adds Albert of Aix, “all other pagans and Jews showed the greatest respect for this fortress and venerated it “with all devotion, and the Catholic believers maintained it with no less care and zeal”. During the first Crusade, Godfrey needed only one assault to take the fort. This castle was given to Guillaume Charpentier and the count de Melun as compensation for the loss of Caifa, which <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee">Tancred</a> took from them. Then it belonged to Jacques d'Avesnes, mentioned at the siege of Arsur Godfrey. Today, Arabs of all faiths this mountain is still revered, which fits very well with the story of Albert of Aix</i>” (<a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k201531m/f204.item">1834: 202–203</a>).<br /><br />
Michaud means that place of “Historia Ierosolimitana” of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_of_Aix">Albert of Aachen</a>, where it is said, “<i>Carpenel felt there was nothing better he could do at this time than to move out of the town with all his men, and to turn aside now to the very strong and wealthy castle which is called St Abraham (castellum dicitur ad sanctum Abraham), towards the mountains and the towns of Sodom and Gomorra. This is the castle, of course, that the duke overcame with quite a short attack, the gentiles having fled; it was six miles from Jerusalem and the first patriarch <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham">Abraham</a> is reputed to have built it and lived there, and to have been buried there. The Turks and the other Jews and gentiles honoured and revered this fortress with very great devotion, and it is respected and accorded no less renown by Christian worshippers</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=29ivdUpWBj8C&pg=PA523&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">VII 26</a>; translated from the Latin).<br /><br />
The location of this castle “in the direction of the cities of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a>” is likely to indicate a southeast direction from Jerusalem, but the distance of six miles (9.6 km) does not correspond to the actual distance to the Mountain of Franks: 12.5 km.<br /><br />
Nevertheless, Albert of Aachen noted the fact of veneration of the fortress of St Abraham not only by the Christians, but also by the Turks and Jews, and in general by the local population. But it was Jebel el-Fureidis which the Palestinian population treated as a sacred mountain, and, therefore, worshipped the ruins of the fortress at its top.<br /><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mi25FBk6s3I/YDHECDD81oI/AAAAAAAAHvg/9JR_P3C2vTUxuO71PdRqlsEOjp_ia-R6QCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Round%2BCastles.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1242" data-original-width="2048" height="388" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mi25FBk6s3I/YDHECDD81oI/AAAAAAAAHvg/9JR_P3C2vTUxuO71PdRqlsEOjp_ia-R6QCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h388/Round%2BCastles.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">A plan of the fort at the top of Jebel el-Fureidis compared to the plans of circular castles and forts in the Medieval Europe.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">It is also important to note that d'Arvieux, de Bruyn, Pococke and other European guests were quite observant travelers, they saw the Crusader fortresses in Palestine and had a good knowledge of their structure. And here, while examining the ruins of the fort at the top of Jebel el-Fureidis, they perceived it as a similar structure. The small stone blocks that make up the walls and towers of the fort are completely identical to the ashlars which the Crusaders carved for their numerous structures in Palestine.<br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
By its design, this fort resembles knight castles in different European countries, built during the Crusades period or later, which had a round shape, high round and semicircular towers.<br /><br />
The Crusaders usually built their castles and guardian forts on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilltop_castle">the tops of the steep mountains</a>. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suba,_Jerusalem">Mountain Suba</a> is very similar to Jebel el-Fureidis, located 9.5 km westwards from Jerusalem, on the top of which the Crusaders built <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98_(%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94)">Belmont Castle</a>, which was in charge of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller">Knights of the Hospitaller Order</a>. Likewise, on a deserted mountain, lying 12.5 km east of Jerusalem, the Templars built <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_al-Ahmar#Templar_castle_of_Maldoim">Maldoim Castle</a> to patrol the road to Jericho.<br /><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iTkYLaTbYVE/X6kImf2nKzI/AAAAAAAAHq0/Kh8mGbyrrNAW3FFVN4PsvLXNKLCyzaFJACLcBGAsYHQ/s1200/Suba%2Bmount%2B1947.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="805" data-original-width="1200" height="430" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iTkYLaTbYVE/X6kImf2nKzI/AAAAAAAAHq0/Kh8mGbyrrNAW3FFVN4PsvLXNKLCyzaFJACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h430/Suba%2Bmount%2B1947.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">The Mountain Suba, westwards from Jerusalem, on which the Crusaders built Belmont Castle.</div><div style="text-align: center;">Aerial photo of 1940s</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">South of Jerusalem, Crusader forts such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Safafa">Bethafava</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuqu%27">Teqoa</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth-zur">Bethsour</a> are known to guard important roads. But none of them are located within the six miles from Jerusalem indicated in the “Historia Ierosolimitana” for “<i>castellum sanctum Abraham</i>”. Therefore, Jebel el-Fureidis remains a possible place to locate the castle of Saint-Abraham. In addition, it is difficult to imagine that the Crusaders did not take advantage of the strategic position of this mountain, which dominates the surrounding area. From this place to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_Gedi">Ein Gedi</a>, the Roman road ran in ancient times, which continued to function in subsequent times. From the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine period</a>, there are the ruins of two churches located at the foot of the mountain. It is likely that the fortification at the top of Jebel el-Fureidis also existed under the Romans and Byzantines.<br /><br />
We can also add that a Russian traveler <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%91%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87">Andrew Muravyov</a> in 1830 observed in the vicinity of Bethlehem, in his words, “<i>the ancient Crusader castle shining on the top of the mountain, which was given the name of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France">St. Louis</a></i>” (<a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=5EJWsv3r7e0C&pg=PA201&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1840: II 201</a>). Obviously, we are talking about the Mountain of Franks. But Muravyov does not say where he got this name from; probably the guides told it to him.<br /><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">* * *</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">As the rebellious 19th century came, the old legend of the Knight's Castle at the top of Jebel el-Fureidis ceased to suit the Christian Orientalists-Palestinian researchers, and a revolutionary coup, comparable to the fall of the Bastille and the storming of the Tuileries Palace, happened in their minds.<br /><br />
In 1806 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Jasper_Seetzen">Ulrich Jasper Seetzen</a> already referred to the Crusader tradition with a certain criticism: “<i>Soon after that we had a beautiful conical mountain peak, which is known as el-Pherdeis, and where you can still find the ruins of an old fortress, which at some time the Knights of St. John had been bravely defending for many years. The inhabitants of Taamera</i> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Ta%27mir">Beit Ta'mar</a>) <i>are proud to be descendants of these knights; and that also seems possible, although those knights, if I am right, should have sworn eternal chastity; Suffice it to say the well-known way of life of the Knights of Malta of our time. However, I suspect that their legend isn`t based on historical facts that have been meticulously passed down orally from father to son; especially on written documents, since none of this tribe can read or write. Probably, it was the European monks who gave them a reason to think so, — probably it was the same reason that prompted the Bedouin of the Öbbedije tribe to consider themselves descendants of the Englishmen</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/details/ulrichjaspersee05seetgoog/page/n230/mode/1up">1854: II 222</a>).<br /><br />
No, Seetzen doesn't completely reject the Crusader tradition so far, and has no doubts that there was a fortress of the Knights of the St. John Order on the top of the mountain. He suspects that this legend isn't based on written documents and is mostly the myth created by the European monks. By the way, the reference to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller">Order of St. John</a> is a new detail, not known from other sources. Talking about the Mountain of Bethulia, Von Troilo spoke of the knights of the Holy Sepulcher (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F3FBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA313&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1676: 313</a>).<br /><br />
Seetzen's message that the local Arabs consider themselves to be the descendants of those knights and allegedly adopted the Christian tradition of this mountain seems unplausible. However, other travelers also report the same: “<i>At the foot of the mountain lie the ruins called Beit Tamar, which are supposed to be the remains of Bethulia</i> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethel">Bethel</a>) <i>of the Holy Scriptures, that is why the Bethlehemites call the Arabs who once lived here, bethulians</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eheKWXHwymIC&pg=PA49&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Berggren 1828: III 49</a>; <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507287&view=1up&seq=574">Sepp 1863: I 530</a>). Whether these messages reflect some reality or are part of the Christian legend of the Mountain of Franks, is still a mystery.<br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dy8y5zDI62vJClb6A_sNnwhP1RpNaRxFU2YBrr_n5DGpM3-010aM0AeFYxRVQIn7TpYy702eNgKDLnXnVO7nA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;">Shots from the 1920s film “Hebron the Ancient” showing the Mountain of Franks.</div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Having examined this mountain in 1818, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Leonard_Irby">Irby</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Mangles_(Royal_Navy_officer)">Mangles</a> expressed the opinion that the remains of the fortress belonged to a much more ancient period than the state of the Crusaders, “<i>This post is said to have been maintained by the Franks forty years after the fall of Jerusalem; though the place is too small ever to have contained even half the number of men which would have been requisite to make any stand in such a country; and the ruins, though they may be those of a place once defended by Franks, appear to have had an earlier origin, as the architecture seems to be Roman</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pU1CAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA340&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1823: 340</a>).<br /><br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)">Edward Robinson</a> stroke the strongest blow against the Crusader tradition, “<i>The present name of the “Frank Mountain” is known only among the Franks; and is founded on a report current among them, that this post was maintained by the crusaders for forty years after the fall of Jerusalem. But, to say nothing of the utter silence of all the historians of the Crusades, both Christian and Muhammedan, as to any occupation whatever of this post by either party... The earliest direct mention of the mountain in modern times, as well as of this story of the Franks, is apparently by Felix Fabri in A. D. 1483... Subsequent travellers have repeated this report in different forms; but all the circumstances lead only to the conclusion, that it is in all likelihood a legend of the fifteenth century</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N1dCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA171&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1841: II 171–172</a>).<br /><br />
Deniers are usually intolerant as well as affirmators are. Speaking of the complete silence of all historians of the Crusades regarding this fortress, Robinson was too categorical. Before we got to know that the <i>castellum sanctum Abraham</i> from the “Historia Ierosolimitana” was identified with the Mountain of Franks. It is also possible that the legend of the knight's castle arose earlier than the 15th century, but it was associated with Jebel el-Fureidis at the time the remains of the fortress were discovered there.<br /><br />
However, Robinson still knocked down the Crusader tradition. At that moment, it didn't have strong enought defenders. The Palestinian scholars who followed Robinson just smashed the already toppled tradition: “<i>There is absolutely nothing here that would resemble, more or less, the building of the Crusades times. Without the slightest hesitation, let's leave aside the tradition according to which this building was built as a Crusader castle... An absurd tradition that does not deserve to be refuted, claims that after the fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Latins took refuge in this fortress and held on there for forty years, despite the efforts of the Muslim conquerors. This beautiful story lacks any plausibility; for to defend a fortress for forty years, you need food, water and, above all, defenders. Where would they get it all? Let us not forget, moreover, that in the East the number forty plays the same role as the number seventeen among us, loving liars</i>,” wrote <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_F%C3%A9licien_de_Saulcy">de Saulcy</a> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8rEFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA171redir_esc%3Dy&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1865: I 171–172</a>).<br /><br />
This caustic ridicule of the alleged delusions and dementia of their ancestors served the main purpose: to establish a new perspective of the history of Jebel el-Fureidis. Instead of the old tradition, zealous Christian Palestinian scholars sought to establish their own other tradition and bring their own understanding instead of the previous understanding of history. They took advantage of the fact that the deceased “underdeveloped” ancestors could no longer answer them to the point of the question.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<b><div style="text-align: center;"><b>New Christian (Herodian) tradition</b></div></b>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The opinion that the fortress at the top of Jebel el-Fureidis has a more ancient origin than the time of the Crusaders appeared in the early 19th century. Irby and Mangles tend to believe that the fortress should be dated to the Roman-Byzantine period. Other Palestinian researchers have pointed to earlier times, from Ancient Israel to Herod.<br /><br />
The very idea that the beautiful cone-shaped peak southeast of Bethlehem is associated with King <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_Great">Herod the Great</a> could only have been born in a Christian context, where the works of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus_Flavius">Josephus Flavius</a> were highly respected, and European travelers were guided by them in their trips to Palestine. Beginning with <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Mariti">Giovanni Mariti</a> (1769), almost all writers describing the Holy Land have profusely quoted Josephus Flavius, just as their predecessors had quoted the Gospels.<br /><br />
The writings of the Old Hebrew author, preserved by the Christian Church in acknowledgement of the fact that he mentioned Christ (allegedly mentioned), became unusually authoritative and mandatory for use by the Guide to Palestinian history and toponymics. Every traveler who gets familiar with this or that place in Palestine had to look into the books of Josephus Flavius and find a correspondence to this place in there. The reference to Joseph's writings gave weight to the traveler's statements and gained the trust of listeners and readers.<br /><br />
The view of the Palestinian researchers on the personality of Herod the Great was changed under the influence of the “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jewish_War">The Jewish War</a>” and “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a>” by Josephus. For medieval Christians, he remained a cruel despot, stigmatized in the Gospels as the murderer of the babies of Bethlehem. Four miles south of Bethlehem and two miles from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuqu%27">Teqoa</a>, near Jebel el-Fureidis, pilgrims were shown the graveyard of these murdered innocents babies, says <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_W%C3%BCrzburg">John of Würzburg</a> (<a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534323/page/n70/mode/1up">1890: 54</a>). Christians felt a strong aversion at the mention of the very name of Herod. This name has become a synonym of the monster of the human race. The author of the most popular book in the Middle Ages “The Travels of Sir John Mandeville” said that first Herod killed his wife, then two sons from her, then another wife and son, finally, having lost his mind, he killed his own mother (<a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/40131/40131-h/40131-h.htm">p. 173</a>). Likewise, in Rabbinic tradition, Herod is stigmatized as the murderer of the Jewish sages (<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Batra.3b?lang=bi"><i>b. Baba Bathra 3b</i></a>). All the acts of the Edomite king are continuous executions and destruction.<br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAwj_etH0xCDGRuRY4_E-s47J52jJ4bfI8wNQqEZCmCB-0NNjEtv3IvCfL-ZU5iY-DyDtZP4VZ_KblFEXjBzHjWABWOhiZ-s_Fh05m1Id2jpT5xFPn61iIMUCjAIcunLeeQLA9Fm7vJ-7Mv1Ssgo3OVmalMRoD-WQEUYzzUn9X5X5e9nLVHxeuQe0V5A/s541/Schmidt%201910%20Jebel%20Furedis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="541" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAwj_etH0xCDGRuRY4_E-s47J52jJ4bfI8wNQqEZCmCB-0NNjEtv3IvCfL-ZU5iY-DyDtZP4VZ_KblFEXjBzHjWABWOhiZ-s_Fh05m1Id2jpT5xFPn61iIMUCjAIcunLeeQLA9Fm7vJ-7Mv1Ssgo3OVmalMRoD-WQEUYzzUn9X5X5e9nLVHxeuQe0V5A/w612-h496/Schmidt%201910%20Jebel%20Furedis.jpg" width="612" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Photo from an article by N. Schmidt (1910)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">A completely opposite situation took place in the early 19th century. The image of King Herod was undergoing a drastic transformation. More and more often, the ruler of Judea was presented as a great builder and creator. Writers noted his wisdom (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/holylandbible01geikuoft#page/n73/mode/1up">Geikie 1888: 44</a>, 602), generosity (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FoTBjgEACAAJ&pg=PA3&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Pierotti 1864: I 3</a>), unresting energy (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/holylandbible01geikuoft#page/574/mode/1up">Geikie 1888: 574</a>), courageous deeds (Geikie 1888: 549). In 1867, de Saulcy published a huge work “<a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5619653q.r=Herodium?rk=214593;2">The History of Herod, King of the Jews</a>”, which was a great success among readers. When speaking about the fact that Josephus admired Herod's majesty (Geikie 1888: 212), European authors were thus filled with the same admiration — or rather, they attributed their own admiration for Herod to Josephus. The ruler of Judea outmatched even the Roman emperors with his greatness and scope of activity. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodians">Herodian party</a>, which existed in Evangelical times, was suddenly reborn within the walls of the Church in the 19th century and continues to flourish to this day.<br /><br />
The cult of Herod, which was surprisingly developed among the Orientalists, led to the fact that almost all monumental constructions in Palestine, in one way or another, began to be considered as the creation of this king. Thus, several versions of Herod's tomb arose, for which one or another ancient construction was taken. Respectively, the Herodian base was found at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Mount">Haram esh-Sharif</a>, near the constructions in Palestinian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipatris">Antipatris</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaria_(ancient_city)">Sebastia</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a>.<br /><br />
It was almost inevitable that the fortress at the top of a great cone-shaped mountain south of Jerusalem would be claimed one of the creations of Herod the Great. This conclusion was already predetermined. The question was who would be the first to express this idea.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cAjEewt542c/YBg3sHmbFwI/AAAAAAAAHuk/KXgyB2M7V2Y0Fu-Mkn_4aeKGLV32V3BUACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Frank%2BMountain%2Bair%2B1931.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1328" data-original-width="2048" height="416" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cAjEewt542c/YBg3sHmbFwI/AAAAAAAAHuk/KXgyB2M7V2Y0Fu-Mkn_4aeKGLV32V3BUACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h416/Frank%2BMountain%2Bair%2B1931.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Aerial photo of the Jebel el-Fureidis of 1931</div><br /> It is believed that Edward Robinson first expressed this idea when he visited Jebel el-Fureidis in 1838 and examined the ruins of the fortress on the top of the mountain (<a href="http://herodium.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/DOC/herodium-guide-eng.pdf">Netzer 1999: 46</a>; <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DbEFv2BBsCgC&pg=PA179redir_esc%3Dy&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Netzer 2006: 179</a>). But Robinson himself calls his predecessors, “<i>The first suggestion as to the identity of the Frank Mountain with Herodium, so far as I have been able to find, is in Mariti; Viaggi, Germ. p. 545. He relates, that the Greek monks of St. Saba, who accompanied him towards Bethlehem, pointed out, on a mountain towards the south, the castle of Herod, which they called Erodion. This seems to have been the Frank Mountain; though Mariti does not name it, and perhaps did not recognise it. The same suggestion is made by Berggren, Resor, III. P. 50. Stockh. 1828; and in the Modern Traveller in Palestine, p. 183. Then by Raumer, Paläst. P. 220</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N1dCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA173&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1841: II 173–174</a>). <br /><br />
As for the Swedish missionary priest <a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Berggren">Jacob Berggren</a>, in 1826–28 he published a book in three volumes, in which he described his journey through Europe and the East. The last volume contains the following paragraph: “<i>The Mountain of Franks or French (el Ferdis), in two hours driving east of Bethlehem, on the edge of the desert, overlooking the Dead Sea. The mountain is very high and beautiful; named after the fact that the Franks, after the conquest of Jerusalem by Saladin, had held here for 40 years, defending themselves against the forces of the Mohammedans. However, the remains of ramparts, fortresses and old Roman buildings that can be seen here on the top of the plateau, as well as the foundations of four powerful towers, of course, are not the work of the Franks, but remind of the fortifications that Herod the Great erected here; since this mountain is no doubt the Herodium of Josephus and the ancient geographers, 60 stadia from Jerusalem, not far from Teqoa. It was here that Herod, at his request, was splendidly buried, but one should not look in vain for his sarcophagus in any underground storehouse</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eheKWXHwymIC&pg=PA49&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1828: III 49</a>; translation from Swedish).<br /><br />
Although Berggren traveled to the Holy Land in 1821–22, this does not mean that even then he believed that the Mountain of Franks was Herodium. Moreover, he does not say that he personally climbed this mountain. When preparing his book, Berggren took new insights from the contemporary literature on the subject, such as the book “<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C1Xf7IGVZzwC&pg=PA183&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Modern Traveller in Palestine</a>”, published in 1824, as well as from “The new London universal gazetteer, or alphabetical geography” dated 1827, где говорится: “<i>Mount Franks, or the Mount of Bethulia, a hill of Palestine, near Jerusalem, supposed to be the ancient Herodium</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w7RfAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA623&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=fals">1827: 623</a>).<br /><br />
However, the young Austrian botanist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Sieber">Franz Sieber</a> can be considered the first to discover Herodium on Jebel el-Fureidis. He visited Palestine in 1818 and described his journey in a book published five years later. The book says the following: “<i>I also climbed the Mountain of Franks, — probably to ancient Herodium, — a castle whose walls are still clearly visible. It was built by Herod in memory of the battle won there. Since it is located not far from Teqoa, a city, which is now completely ruined, it is this location that doesn't raise doubts that the name [Herodium] can only refer to this pointed, very high mountain, where the Franks held out the longest during the Crusades and fed on what they found in the area.</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2SBXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA61&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=fals">1823: 61</a>).<br /><br />
Sieber's confident tone and the reference to the remark of Josephus Flavius, who wrote about the proximity of Herodium to the village Teqoa (<a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl03joseuoft/page/155/mode/1up"><i>War</i>: IV 9.5 [518]</a>), make us believe that this was not a sudden discovery. Either Sieber climbed the Mountain of Franks already prepared enough, or, like Berggren, he took this idea from the contemporary literature when writing his book. Be as it may, we see that already in the early 1820s, among scholars and pilgrims in the Holy Land, the view of Jebel el-Fureidis as a fortress described by Josephus Flavius was actively spreading.<br /></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VR1OmSII2gg/X6kK35hvXsI/AAAAAAAAHrA/vZf6URDNBKsqU2KCi0ZVOsDevrUXW09NACLcBGAsYHQ/s1257/Schick%2B1880%2B100.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1213" data-original-width="1257" height="618" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VR1OmSII2gg/X6kK35hvXsI/AAAAAAAAHrA/vZf6URDNBKsqU2KCi0ZVOsDevrUXW09NACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h618/Schick%2B1880%2B100.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">The plan of “Herodium”, from the article of С. Schick “<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27928332?read-now=1&seq=13#page_scan_tab_contents">Der Frankenberg</a>” (1880)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">Robinson accepted this view and with readiness consecrated it with his authority, “<i>More probable is the suggestion, that this spot is the site of the fortress and city Herodium, erected by Herod the Great. According to Josephus, that place was situated about sixty stadia from Jerusalem, and not far from Tekoa. Here on a hill of moderate height, having the form of the female breast, and which he raised still higher or at least fashioned by artificial means, Herod erected a fortress with rounded towers, having in it royal apartments of great strength and splendour… To the same place apparently the body of Herod was brought for burial, two hundred stadia from Jericho, where he died. — All these particulars, the situation, the mountain, the round towers, the large reservoir of water and the city below, correspond very strikingly to the present state of the Frank Mountain; and leave scarcely a doubt, that this was Herodium, where the Idumean tyrant sought his last repose</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N1dCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA173&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1841: II 173</a>).<br /><br />
Decide yourself to what extent that the shape of Jebel el-Fureidis with uneven proportions and a truncated top resembles to the shape of the female breast (μαστοειδῆς in Josephus' work). If one tries, they can really see the female breast. We should note, however, that none of the travelers of previous centuries, who watched this mountain, had such association. In the drawings made by these travelers, Jebel el-Fureidis appears as an uneven summit with a sloping top, also quite uneven.<br /><br />
Almost all European Palestinian scholars enthusiastically followed Robinson in establishing a new tradition. “<i>I found the description of the Frank-Mountain, or, as it is called by the Arabs, Jebel-Fareidis (i. e., the Hill of Paradise), by Professor Robinson, perfectly accurate</i>, — wrote <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_William_Meredith_van_de_Velde">Van de Velde</a>, — <i>Robinson gives his reasons for identifying this place with the fortress of Herodium in Josephus</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/narrativeajourn01veldgoog#page/n56/mode/1up">1854: II 38–39</a>). “<i>It is doubtless the Herodium of Josephus, which he somewhat fancifully compares to the breast of a woman</i>”, — declared <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McClure_Thomson">William Thomson</a> (<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101063698748&view=1up&seq=439">1860: II 427</a>).<br /><br />
“<i>If this conical pyramid, which catches the eye of all Jerusalem and far beyond the Dead Sea, were built exclusively by human hands, as Josephus would like to think, then we would have one of the most memorable burial cones after the pyramids</i>,” <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Sepp">Johann Sepp</a> solemnly concluded (<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507287&view=1up&seq=575">1863: I 531</a>).<br /><br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">Victor Guérin</a> noticed that the distance from Jerusalem to Jebel el-Fureidis is 80 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadion_(unit)">stadia</a> (more precisely 84 stadia: <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433113918100&view=1up&seq=580">Tobler 1854: II 570</a>), and not 60 stadia from Jerusalem to Herodium, indicated by Josephus, but Guérin explained this mishap by an inaccuracy made by the oracle of Christian Palestinian scholars: “<i>We know from numerous examples that the distances noted by the Jewish historian are often wrong</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rTkAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA127&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1869: Judea, III 127</a>).<br /><br />
De Saulcy admitted that he didn't see anything at the top of the cone that would remind him of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masada">Masada</a> or Haram esh-Sharif. However, he continued to claim to see Herodium ashlars and seats and dug out a mosaic that turned to be Herodian (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8rEFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA175redir_esc%3Dy&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1865: I 175</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">Colonel Conder</a> even had the extravagant thought that the Arabic word <i>Ferdus</i> (“Paradise”) underlying <i>Jebel el-Fureidis</i> is actually a distorted name for <i>Herodus</i> (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme09pale#page/n36/mode/1up">Quarterly statement 1877: IX 27</a>). This idea was very popular among Palestinian scholars and still remains very popular (<a href="http://herodium.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/team/Her1_Schwartz.pdf">Schwartz 2015: 6</a>).<br /><br />
Josephus Flavius describes the area around Herodium as waterless (<a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl08joseuoft/page/155/mode/1up"><i>Ant.</i>: XV 9.4 [323]</a>). However, Jebel el-Fureidis cannot be said to be located in a waterless area. There are several streams flowing near the mountain, and there are also springs, the closest of which — <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/%60Ayn+Hamdah/@31.659165,35.2071696,5085m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x0:0x0!2zMzHCsDM5JzU2LjciTiAzNcKwMTQnMjkuOCJF!3b1!8m2!3d31.6657363!4d35.2416084!3m4!1s0x15032751c6b56763:0x466fc5c3b4e8c634!8m2!3d31.6591667!4d35.2247222">‘Ain Hamda</a> — is at a distance of 1.8 km. Nasir Khusraw wrote about this spring (see above).<br /><br />
“<i>Herod had, at immense expense, an abundant supply of water brought into it from a distance</i>”, “<i>what is more, the water comes here from far off</i>,” says Josephus about Herodium (<a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl02joseuoft/page/198/mode/1up"><i>War</i>: I 21.10 [420]</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl08joseuoft/page/155/mode/1up"><i>Ant</i>.: XV 9.4 [325]</a>). Indeed, there is an ancient aqueduct that runs from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%27s_Pools">Solomon's Pools</a> towards Jebel el-Fureidis. However, before reaching 800 m, this aqueduct is over, all traces of it are lost in the soft chalky formation (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vWUUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA28&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Conder 1874: 28</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/20713181/REVISITING_THE_MAUSOLEUM_AT_HERODIUM_IS_IT_HERODS_TOMB">Arubas 2015: 313–314</a>). The question arises: was the water supplied to the very mountain that the European travelers of the 19th century declared Herodium? Where did the aqueduct actually lead? In addition, the short length of this aqueduct — 5.5 km — does not fit with Joseph's words that water was supplied to Herodium from afar and that at the foot of the mountain the aqueduct ran along the roofs of buildings (<i>Ant.</i>: XV 9.4 [325]). There is an impression that Josephus Flavius describes some secluded place in the waterless <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaean_Desert">Judaean Desert</a>, and not the area of “the Mountain of the Little Paradise”, which has long been famous for flowering gardens, irrigated with water from the surrounding springs.<br /><br />
The towers of the fortress at the top of Jebel el-Fureidis are round and semicircular. Indeed, Josephus Flavius reports about the round towers (τὴν ἄκραν πύργοις) of Herodium, but does not say that the whole castle has a wonderful round shape. In the construction practice of the ancient Jews, there is no other such example that some kind of fortress was of a perfect circle shape. The most important fortresses built by Herod — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrium">Alexandrium</a>, Cypros, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrcania">Hyrcania</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machaerus">Machaerus</a> — have a rectangular or polygonal shape. But this obstacle didn't confuse the researchers of the 19th century at all (as, by the way, and the 20th). The followers of the Herodian tradition claimed that the architecture of the castle at the top of Jebel el-Fureidis was generally unique for the Hellenistic and Roman world (<a href="http://herodium.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/DOC/herodium-guide-eng.pdf">Netzer 1999: 28</a>). Thus, the unsurpassed genius of Herod the Great was extolled. It would be the same if we said: the fortress at the top of Jebel el-Fureidis received a round shape thanks to Divine intervention. In fact, as we have shown above, the construction of this fort is quite consistent with the structure of Medieval castles.<br /><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dO7QoMhajgU/X6kLc9I3CXI/AAAAAAAAHrQ/g5uQNO5q43AE-Z4afuKtEus8d7VJB_xQACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Schick%2B1880%2B101.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1239" data-original-width="2048" height="388" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dO7QoMhajgU/X6kLc9I3CXI/AAAAAAAAHrQ/g5uQNO5q43AE-Z4afuKtEus8d7VJB_xQACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h388/Schick%2B1880%2B101.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">The plan of “Herodium”, from the article of С. Schick “<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27928332?read-now=1&seq=14#page_scan_tab_contents">Der Frankenberg</a>” (1880)</div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">By the middle of the 19th century, the view of Jebel el-Fureidis as the Hebrew Herodium had triumphed everywhere. Soon the magnificent tomb of Herod the Great was also “found”, which Josephus did not speak about (he only wrote that Herod was buried in Herodium), but which was announced by Edward Robinson and other founders of the new tradition. Sepp reports on the discovery of Herod's tomb: “<i>So this is the royal tomb! To the west, at the foot of the mountain, there is a 200-foot square pond called “Birket Bend es-Sultan” that surrounds an artificial island that is now a square structure in the center of a dry reservoir</i>” (<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507287&view=1up&seq=575">1863: I 531</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cunningham_Geikie">John Geikie</a> has already described this as a local tradition, “<i>The tradition of the locality is that Herod was buried at the foot of the hill, beside the great public reservoir; and a mound which may one day repay a search, stands now in the centre of the long-dried pool</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/holylandbible01geikuoft#page/242/mode/1up">1888: 242</a>). However, Schick doubted this place and was inclined to look for Herod's tomb on the top of the mountain and generally not consider the entire complex at the same time as a castle and a fortified mausoleum (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27928332?read-now=1&amp=&seq=11#metadata_info_tab_contents">1880: 98</a>).<br /><br />
Only one author, the Russian traveler <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avraam_Norov">Abraham Norov</a>, timidly tried to combine both traditions, the old and new one, “<i>Behind Bethlehem, a mountain is drawn on the horizon, which looks like a truncated cone. It is called the Mountain of Franks since the time when the Crusaders built there, <b>on the ruins of ancient Herodium</b>, a significant fortification, which for a long time had been serving as their defense against Muslims</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QeDLhJCWhMQC&pg=PA344&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1844: I 344</a>). Norov specifically marked that he didn't agree with Robinson and Smith, who rejected some important Palestinian traditions (1844: I iv). But this quite reasonable view went unnoticed and wasn't worked out.<br /><br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Ritter">Carl Ritter</a> made a conclusion on the research in the 19th century, “<i>Before their day, Pococke, Mariti, Berggren, and von Raumer had shown the identity of the Frank Mountain with the Herodium or burial-place of Herod the Great, described by Josephus. Irby considered the architectural traces hardly extensive enough to have been a fortress, but he recognized the remains at the foot as Roman work. Wolcott entirely coincides with this, although he confesses that there is very little coherence in the ruins; and of the two hundred polished stones of which Josephus speaks, as forming a magnificent staircase to the top, no trace whatever remains. Wolff, however, noticed stones which he thought might have had such a use... On the other hand, Robinson declares himself decisively in favour of the conjecture that that place is to be identified with the ancient Herodium; and not less strong in this is Reland... ... It was in this Herodium west of the Dead Sea that the body of Herod was interred, although recent travelers have not been able to discover the place of the sepulture: inscriptions and sculptures are utterly wanting</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2_lEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA94&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1870: III 94–96</a>).<br /><br />
Thus, during 40 years, a bold idea, expressed in 1823 by a rather exalted Austrian botanist, was finally established as a common tradition. The toponym “the Mountain of Franks” lasted until the 1920s, after which European authors began to call this peak almost exclusively Herodium. The old Crusader tradition was consigned to oblivion.<br /><br />
However, the toponym “Jebel el-Fureidis”, which reminds of the first Arab tradition, still remained on the maps of Palestine (for example, on the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.21.jpg">PEF map of 1879</a>). But at that time it had no future so far. The British authorities had in their <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine">Mandate for the possession of Palestine</a> an indication to create a Jewish state. But instead they established a new toponym <a href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/maps/NNL_MAPS_JER002580036/NLI_MAPS_JER?_ga=2.63456358.814628404.1600643712-274528325.1600643712#$FL5089243">“Mount Herodes”</a> on the maps. Other British maps feature the toponym “Tel Hordus” (Herod's Hill), clearly invented in the Jewish community at the beginning of the 20th century. These names smoothly turned into the current toponyms "Har Herodion", "Har Hordus – Herodion", which appeared on Israeli maps.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
We could not but note that all the discoveries made in the 19th century were not based on the results of archaeological excavations. Like the old Crusader tradition, the new Herodian tradition is based on speculative assumptions following the trend of the time. But these assumptions formed the basis for future archaeological research carried out in the 20th century at Jebel el-Fureidis, and significantly influenced <b>the interpretation</b> of these excavations. There is also no doubt that if the Crusader tradition had survived in the 19th and 20th centuries, the archaeological excavations on the mountain and around it would have received a relevant interpretation.</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table><caption><i>References</i></caption><thead><tr><th scope="col">Visit</th><th scope="col">Edition</th><th scope="col"><i>Jebel el-Fureidis</i></th><th scope="col"><i>Bethulia</i></th><th scope="col"><i>Mountain of the Franks</i></th><th scope="col"><i>Herodium</i></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1047</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://archive.org/details/sefernamehrelati01nasiuoft/page/98/mode/1up">Nasir Khusraw</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Faradis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1483</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti02paleuoft/page/403/mode/1up">Fabri 1893, II (2): 403–404</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><b>+</b></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1586</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k853233f/f444.item">Zuallart 1608 III 222</a></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>+</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1596</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QXxHDXkz8F0C&pg=PA225&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Cotovicus 1619: 225</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1616–26</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CrAKMPCOumwC&pg=PA687&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Quaresmius 1639, II 687</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1658</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SWtgMzm5j64C&pg=PA405&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Thévenot 1665: 405</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Béthulie</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q4tVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP20&dq=Bethulia+Bethlehem&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfo5jWzofsAhUdi8MKHQI5Bdo4ChDoATAJegQIBRAC#v=onepage&q=Bethulia%20Bethlehem&f=false">Buchenröder 1666</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1660</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=maYqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA243&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">D'Arvieux 1735, II 194</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Béthulie</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des François</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1666–68</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F3FBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA313&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Von Troilo 1676: 313–314</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1666–74</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jr91E25IOtQC&pg=PA439&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Nau 1757: 438–439</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Ferdays</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des François</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1681</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EwlOQlNFWcoC&pg=PA279&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Bruyn 1714: 279</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des François</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1697</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISlhAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Maundrell 1732: 88</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1697</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n3JJYF569JUC&pg=PA487&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Morison 1714: 487</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Béthulie</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des François</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1700–09</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zMkGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA368&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Heyman 1759, I 368</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I3hUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP254&dq=Bethulia+Bethlehem&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjEtITB1IfsAhVrsYsKHXegD2w4FBDoATAAegQIABAC#v=onepage&q=Bethulia%20Bethlehem&f=false">Hartley 1703</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>B. Francorum</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1738</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kflWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA137&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Korte 1781, I 137</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1738</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n71">Pococke 1745, II 41–42</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1749–52</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LkIGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA146&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Hasselquist 1766: 146</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1758</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KxUbAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA67&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Bachiene 1771: 67–68</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1767</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OjAUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA271&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Mariti 1770, IV 270–272</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Fardays</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. de i Francesi</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1776–79</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f3VJyJ9-6hsC&newbks=1&pg=PA162&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Binos 1787, II 162</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Béthulie</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vBxUAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA111&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Paulus 1792, I 111</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1806</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://archive.org/details/ulrichjaspersee05seetgoog/page/n230/mode/1up">Seetzen 1854, II 222–223</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>el Pherdéis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1814</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B0EGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA169&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Light 1818: 169</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Monte Francese</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1816</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=irUbAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA345&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Buckingham 1821: 345</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1817–18</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pU1CAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA340&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Irby and Mangles 1823: 340</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1818</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2SBXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA61&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sieber 1823: 61</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Berg der Franzosen</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><b>+</b></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1821</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eheKWXHwymIC&pg=PA49&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Berggren 1828, III 49–50</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>el Ferdis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankernes</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1823</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voheAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA373&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Fisk 1828: 372</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>French Mountain</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C1Xf7IGVZzwC&pg=PA183&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Modern Traveller in Palestine 1824: 182</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1827</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=PilGAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA146&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Bird 1827: 146</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Mount Ferdees</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1830</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=5EJWsv3r7e0C&pg=PA201&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Muravyov 1840, II 201</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Св. Лудовикъ</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1830</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K-0oAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA207&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Russell 1837: 207–208</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1831</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k201531m/f204.item">Michaud 1834, V 201–204</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Ferdâys</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Béthulie</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Mont-Français</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IYlBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA122&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Pinner 1832: 122</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ioAXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA619&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Biblical Repository 1833, III 619</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1834</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZIBXAAAAcAA&pg=PA220&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Raumer 1838, II 219–220</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1835</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QeDLhJCWhMQC&pg=PA344&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Norov 1844, I 344</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Гора Франковъ</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Иродіум</i></td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1836</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N1dCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA170&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Robinson 1841, II 170–174</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1837</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5516085f/f224.item">Kherardene 1840: 140</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Mont-Français</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Hérodion</i></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1837</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5516085f/f224.item">Schubert 1840</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lxwsAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA309&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Taylor 1838: 309</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1839</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lxwsAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA309&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Bonar and Murray 1839: 150</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m8ECAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA320&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Allioli 1840: 320</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/palestinephysica00kitt?ref=ol#page/40/mode/1up">Kitto 1841: 40</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Franks' Mount</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1846</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uWmeGVqoV2cC&pg=PA76&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Schilling 1877: 76</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k36684j/f289.item">Michelot 1848: 273</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Béthulie</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1851</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/narrativeajourn01veldgoog#page/n56/mode/1up">Van de Velde 1854, II 38–40</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Jebel-Fareidis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1853</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5794621n/f315.item">Azaïs 1880 I 315–316</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Français</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433113918100&view=1up&seq=576">Tobler 1854, II 566–572</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Dschebel el-Feredis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Bethulia der Franken</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1854–60</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5618856b/f355.item">Damas 1866: 326–327</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NMjmln1r3zMC&pg=PA300&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Gratz 1858: 300</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1856–59</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5625091c/f310.item">Saintine 1860: 301–302</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Djebel-Afrédis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Français</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101063698748&view=1up&seq=439">Thomson 1860, II 427–428</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9109267q/f67.item">Kiepert 1861: 11</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Djébel-Furêdis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1860</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qI1NAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA208&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Smith 1861, I 208</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507287&view=1up&seq=573">Sepp 1863, I 529–531</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Dschebel Ferdîs</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Herodion</i></td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k56176429/f129.item">Pérégrinations 1863: 112–113</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Èl-Fereidis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1863</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fH0BAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA65redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Tristram 1871: 65–66</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1863</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8rEFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA168redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Saulcy 1865, I 168–175</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Djebel Foureïdis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1864</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5616302f/f309.item">Saint-Aignan 1864: 293–294</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wxJXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA273redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Herst 1865: 273–274</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1866</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h8kBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA147redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Mrs. Finn 1866: 147</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2_lEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA92redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Ritter 1870: 92–96</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1873</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/330/mode/1up">SWP III 330–332</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k205628b/f809.item">Albouy 1878: 788</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>El-Fureydis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27928332">Schick 1880</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Frankenberg</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57738981/f340.item">Morand 1882 II 323</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1882</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5800786v/f244.item">Mourot 1883 II 230–231</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Dschebel el-Fouréidis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Béthoulie des Francs</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i>
</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62007144/f263.item">De Vaux 1883: 247</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i>
</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5817542f/f128.item ">Lian 1883: 126</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i>
</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1883</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65479743/f169.item">Baudot 1896: 163–168</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Djebel Foureidis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Hérodion</i></td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/holylandbible01geikuoft#page/241/mode/1up">Geikie I 1887: 241–243</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58176169/f137.item">Rauzy 1897: 128–129</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>Hérodion</i></td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1890</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58216085/f218.item">Parraud 1891: 206</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/55824/55824-h/55824-h.htm#i_224">Newman 1892: </a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k91062634/f278.item">Baedeker 1898: 131–132</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1900</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58283445/f65.item">Mission: Bulletin 132: 63</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;">1907</td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58158579/f77.item">Béréziat 1911: 70</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;"><i>M. des Francs</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr><tr><td data-label="Address" style="text-align: center;"></td><td data-label="Name" scope="row"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5778724x/f375.item">Meistermann 1909: 297</a></td><td data-label="Email" style="text-align: center;"><i>Djebel Foureidis</i></td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">–</td><td data-label="Phone Number" style="text-align: center;">+</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Appendix: Herodium of the Monks of Deir Mar Saba</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">Let's have a look at the report of the Italian traveler <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Mariti">Giovanni Mariti</a>, who explored Palestine in the 1760s, and whom <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)">Edward Robinson</a> considered to be the first of his predecessors in the localization of Flavian Herodium. “<i>The name “Herodium” was long lost when it was pronounced by a monk from Saint-Saba, whom Mariti's father took as a guide to Bethlehem</i>,” Morand marked (<a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57738981/f340.item">1882: II 323</a>). This is a very interesting post. First we will quote it in the Italian original, and then translated into English.<br /><br />
“<i>Distante alquanto dal Monastero di S. Teodosio, e all' Austro del medesimo vedemmo in un Monte un antico Castello, o Fortezza. I nostri conduttori, e quei Monaci di S. Saba, che con noi erano, ci dissero essere il Castello di Erode. Questa è certamente quella magnifica Fortezza, che Erode il Grande (o altrimenti chiamato Erode l'Ascalonita) fece fabbricare sulla strada, che va a Masada, in quel luogo fin dove fuggendo egli da Gerusalemme colla sua Famiglia, gli convenne combattere co’ Parti, e co’ Giudei stessi, i quali lo seguitarono come nemici, per sessanta stadi fuori della Città; nella quale distanza avendoli sconfitti, fabbricò per memoria questo Castello, il quale dal suo nome lo chiamò Erodion. (Ioseph. De Bello lib. L Cap. XXV.)<br /><br />
Era questo un Monticello fatto a mano chiamato Astaide. Erode ne contornò, e ne cinse la sommità di Torri tonde, e di abitazioni regali, che ornò riccamente. Vi condusse delle acque con grandissima spesa fin da lontano, e vi fabbricò una scala di dugento scalini di marmo per rendere la salita più comoda. Appiè vi fece un' altra abitazione regale, delle stanze per gli amici, e delle scuderie per gli animali. Vi erano anche altre fabbriche, le quali si estendevano per la Pianura, che era circa il Colle, che costituivano la Città di Erodio, alla quale presedeva, per difesa, la Rocca, che era nel Colle stesso (Ioseph. De Belle Lib. I. Cap. XXVII; Ant. lud. Lib. XV. Cap. XII.). La Città di Erodio era una delle Toparchie della Giudèa (Plin. Lib. V. Cap. XIV. Ioseph. De Bello Lib. III. Cap. III).<br /><br />
Morì Erode l'Ascalonita l’anno 3 di Nostro Signore in Gerico, e secondo la sua volontà fu portato, per esser sotterrato nel Castello di Erodion, da esso fabbricato, il quale era distante dugento stadj, o venticinque miglia dalla Città di Gerico “Corpus autem per ducenta stadia delatum erat in Herodium, ubi, prout fuerat mandatum, sepultum erat” (Ioseph. De Bello Lib. I. Cap XXXIII). (...) Ho combinato, che il Castello di Erodion da me ora descritto, sia quello, ove veramente fu sepolto Erode il Grande</i>”.<br /><br />
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IlcNSBm73Do/X6iTqCE1sLI/AAAAAAAAHqE/mSme0uCIjGQ7apIKNFXDdZDLERPr-ifuwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1282/Brandis%2BLucas%2B1475%2BPalestine1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1282" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IlcNSBm73Do/X6iTqCE1sLI/AAAAAAAAHqE/mSme0uCIjGQ7apIKNFXDdZDLERPr-ifuwCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h480/Brandis%2BLucas%2B1475%2BPalestine1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">A fragment of a map of Palestine by Brandis Lucas of 1475. The East is in the upper part.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">The translation: “At some distance from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Theodosius">Monastery of St. Theodosius</a>, in the south, we saw an ancient castle or fortress on the mountain. Our guides and those monks [of the monastery] of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbas_the_Sanctified">St. Sabbas</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Saba">Deir Mar Saba</a>) who were with us told us that it was Herod's Castle. This is undoubtedly that magnificent fortress that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_Great">Herod the Great</a> (otherwise called Herod Ascalonite) built on the road leading to Masada, in the place where, fleeing Jerusalem with his family, he fought with the Parthians and even with Jews themselves who chased him like enemies, sixty stadia outside the city. At this distance, in memory of this victory, he built a Castle, which he named Erodion in honor of his name (<a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl02joseuoft/page/125/mode/1up">Joseph. <i>War</i>: I 13.8 [265]</a>).<br /><br />
It was a artificial hill named Astaide. Herod circled the top of this hill with round towers and surrounded it with royal lodging, which he richly decorated. At a tremendous expense, he brought water there from a distant place and built a staircase of two hundred marble steps to make the ascent more convenient. He established another royal residence there, rooms for friends and stables for animals. The plain around the hill is covered with other buildings that made up the whole city of Erodion, and on the hill rises a castle that dominates the entire area. (<a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl02joseuoft/page/199/mode/1up">Joseph. <i>War</i>: I 21.10: [419–421]</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl08joseuoft/page/155/mode/1up"><i>Ant</i>.: XV 9.4 [323–325]</a>). The city of Erodion was one of the toparchies of Judea (Plin. <i>Lib</i>. V. Cap. XIV).<br /><br />
Herod Ascalonite died in the 3rd year A.D. in Jericho, and by his will he was buried in the castle Erodion built by him, which was two hundred stadia, or twenty-five miles from the city of Jericho. “<i>The body was transferred at a distance of two hundred stadia to Erodion, where, according to the will, it was buried</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl02joseuoft/page/321/mode/1up">Joseph. <i>War</i>: I 33.9 [673]</a>). (...) I believe that the Castle of Erodion, which I have just described, is where Herod the Great was actually buried” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OjAUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA256&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Mariti 1770: IV 256–259</a>).<br /><br />
Basically, Mariti's original message is the first two sentences. Everything else is a retelling and direct quotes from the writings of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus_Flavius">Josephus Flavius</a> about Herodium. It is clear that the Italian traveler subsequently interpreted the “Castle of Erodion” shown to him, rereading the works of the Hebrew historian. Personally, he did not climb this mountain and did not examine the remains of the fortress.<br /><br />
The phrase is remarkable: “It was an artificial hill named Astaide”. Did such a toponym exist? The fact is that Mariti borrowed this toponym from the Italian translations of the works of Josephus. In the Greek original of “The Jewish War”, when describing the hill on which Herodium was built, the word μαστοειδῆς (“the female breast”, in the phrase “<i>artificial hill, having the form of the female breast</i>”; <a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl02joseuoft/page/198/mode/1up">I 21.10 [419]</a>) is used. Medieval Italian translators misunderstood this word as the name of the hill and rendered it in the form “<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rbRAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA28&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Astaide</a>”. This inaccuracy was reproduced by Giovanni Mariti. However, this does not cancel the main question: what kind of mountain did the guides show Mariti in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaean_Desert">Judaean Desert</a>, calling her Herodium?</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
Of course, Christian writers and geographers remembered about Flavian Herodium, the burial place of King Herod. On European maps of Palestine of the 15th and 18th centuries, Herodium was usually placed southeast of Jerusalem, sometimes closer to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuqu%27">Teqoa</a> (<a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_MAPS_JER002368824/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*a7181h*_ga*MjEzMDExNzQ0OS4xNjA3OTk4Mzkx*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwNzk5ODM5MC4xLjEuMTYwNzk5ODk2NS4xOQ..&_ga=2.70915417.817553196.1607998391-2130117449.1607998391#$FL51320743">1570</a>; <a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_MAPS_JER002549043/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*54n80e*_ga*MjEzMDExNzQ0OS4xNjA3OTk4Mzkx*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwNzk5ODM5MC4xLjEuMTYwNzk5OTMwMi42MA..&_ga=2.70964697.817553196.1607998391-2130117449.1607998391#$FL7073992">1598</a>; <a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_ALEPH003901032/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*1rsmxcu*_ga*OTE0OTkzMzIzLjE2MDgwNDQ5NzE.*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwODA1ODY2My4yLjEuMTYwODA1OTk2NC4y&_ga=2.159180986.1004293869.1608044971-914993323.1608044971#$FL36557278">1748</a>), sometimes closer to Jerusalem (<a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_ALEPH003901654/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*14t6uzi*_ga*OTE0OTkzMzIzLjE2MDgwNDQ5NzE.*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwODA0NDk2Ny4xLjEuMTYwODA1MTgyMi42MA..&_ga=2.158113850.1004293869.1608044971-914993323.1608044971#$FL36559282">1710</a>; <a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_ALEPH003890528/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*1mkm41s*_ga*OTE0OTkzMzIzLjE2MDgwNDQ5NzE.*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwODA1ODY2My4yLjEuMTYwODA1OTQxMy4zNg..&_ga=2.268929393.1004293869.1608044971-914993323.1608044971#$FL35084207">1737</a>), sometimes closer to Jericho (<a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_MAPS_JER002370051/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*emdj9r*_ga*OTE0OTkzMzIzLjE2MDgwNDQ5NzE.*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwODA0NDk2Ny4xLjEuMTYwODA0ODAyMi4zMA..&_ga=2.54379816.1004293869.1608044971-914993323.1608044971#$FL50804144">1650</a>; <a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_ALEPH003959010/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*1kaspvt*_ga*OTE0OTkzMzIzLjE2MDgwNDQ5NzE.*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwODA0NDk2Ny4xLjEuMTYwODA1MDA5MS4xMw..&_ga=2.90147867.1004293869.1608044971-914993323.1608044971#$FL48326428">1695</a>; <a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_ALEPH003890528/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*1mkm41s*_ga*OTE0OTkzMzIzLjE2MDgwNDQ5NzE.*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwODA1ODY2My4yLjEuMTYwODA1OTQxMy4zNg..&_ga=2.268929393.1004293869.1608044971-914993323.1608044971#$FL35084207">1742</a>; <a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_MAPS_JER002706276/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*wbf316*_ga*OTE0OTkzMzIzLjE2MDgwNDQ5NzE.*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwODA1ODY2My4yLjEuMTYwODA2MzY1NC4yNA..&_ga=2.60796333.1004293869.1608044971-914993323.1608044971#$FL7071273">1809</a>), although, according to Josephus, the fortress was two hundred stadia from Jericho (<a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl02joseuoft/page/321/mode/1up"><i>War</i>: I 33.9 [673]</a>). Christian geographers were well aware of Flavius's description of Herodium, but until the 19th century they did not think to encroach on the well-known Bethulia–the Mountain of Franks. On a number of maps (<a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_ALEPH003894021/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*162y7wl*_ga*OTE0OTkzMzIzLjE2MDgwNDQ5NzE.*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwODA0NDk2Ny4xLjEuMTYwODA0NTkzOS4z&_ga=2.158108730.1004293869.1608044971-914993323.1608044971#$FL37119133">1616</a>; <a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_MAPS_JER002368763/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*1ine37z*_ga*OTE0OTkzMzIzLjE2MDgwNDQ5NzE.*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwODA0NDk2Ny4xLjEuMTYwODA0NjU0Ni42MA..&_ga=2.159747389.1004293869.1608044971-914993323.1608044971#$FL7072518">1619</a>; <a href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_ALEPH003898194/NLI_MAPS_JER?_gl=1*5vea2x*_ga*OTE0OTkzMzIzLjE2MDgwNDQ5NzE.*_ga_8P5PPG5E6Z*MTYwODA1ODY2My4yLjEuMTYwODA1OTU3MC42MA..&_ga=2.163940799.1004293869.1608044971-914993323.1608044971#$FL37121953">1641</a>) <i>Bethulia castrum</i> is depicted, as it should be, at the site of Jebel el-Fureidis, north of Teqoa, and Herodium is located east of it and north of the monastery Mar Saba.<br /><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-K0KBnEu15Bw/X6iUi7_YO0I/AAAAAAAAHqM/ck7kbKCqadQH6Ljulj3zNVhHxuLj6bW7QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1366/Terra%2BSancta%2Bmap%2B1782%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="360" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-K0KBnEu15Bw/X6iUi7_YO0I/AAAAAAAAHqM/ck7kbKCqadQH6Ljulj3zNVhHxuLj6bW7QCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h360/Terra%2BSancta%2Bmap%2B1782%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">A fragment of a map of Palestine of 1782. The East is in the upper part.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">It is curious that in Hebrew texts of the Middle Ages, in Jewish adaptations and retellings of the works of Josephus Flavius, the Greek name Ἡρώδειον and the Latin Herodium is rendered as ארודיאן — “Erodian”. This title appears in “Sefer haq-Qabbala” (<a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=NVg8AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP92&dq=%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimwbiApbPsAhWOuIsKHcRDAVAQ6AEwBXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F&f=false">1514</a>), in the published <a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=NddTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP119&dq=%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimwbiApbPsAhWOuIsKHcRDAVAQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F&f=false">work</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maimonides">Maimonides</a> in 1529, and in the Hebrew <a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=pMtRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP285&dq=%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimwbiApbPsAhWOuIsKHcRDAVAQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F&f=false">translation</a> of “The Jewish War”, published in 1559. Thus, one can say that the Jews did not have their own information about this Judaic fortress. They did not even associate its name with the name of Herod (הורדוס). In the realm of the Palestinian toponymy, Jews dutifully followed their teachers — Christian writers and apologists.<br /><br />
“<i>Not far from the place where the Dead Sea begins to expand</i>,” wrote <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Zuallart">Jean Zuallart</a>, “<i>about twenty-five miles or two hundred and twenty stadia from Jericho, almost opposite the monastery of St. Sabbas, there are the ruins of the city, the palace and the castle Herodion, built by Herod (nicknamed Great, who killed Innocent babies) in the citadel, located among the mountains, where the Jews fought with him, when fleeing from the Parthians and Jews, he fled to his castle Massada four miles from there</i>” (<a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k853233f/f510.item">1608: IV 48</a>).<br /><br />
Zuallart doesn't say that he personally visited this castle in 1586, but it is clear that it conveys the enduring opinion of the inhabitants of the monasteries of the Judean Desert, who probably observed the ruins of an ancient fortress in the vicinity of Deir Mar Saba. In various works and guidebooks of the 17th and 18th centuries, we find the same view redarding the location of the legendary Herodium (<a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=yApmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA294&dq=Herodium+Sabba&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_wIzju73sAhXs-ioKHXtyBlIQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Herodium%20Sabba&f=false">Hornius 1672: 294</a>). The impression is that we are talking about one of the peaks near the monastery. Moreover, in this case, <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8">Mount Muntar</a> and Khirbet el-Mird (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrcania_(fortress)">Hyrcania</a>), which are located in the northeast of Deir Mar Saba, must be excluded from consideration. Both of these peaks were inhabited in the Byzantine period and in the Middle Ages; churches and small monasteries stood were located there.<br /><br />
Two centuries after Jean Zuallart, the same monks of the Judean Desert again declared that the Herod's castle is in their habitat. However, the place shown to Giovanni Mariti by his guides should not have surprised him. It was there that he found Herodium on the Christian maps of that time, and read about it in guidebooks and descriptions of the Holy Land.<br /><br />
Did the monks point to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodium">Jebel el-Fureidis</a>, which is located southwest of the monastery of St. Theodosius? It should be born in mind that the monastery of St. Theodosius is located in the present Arab village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ubeidiya">‘Ubeidiya</a>, and the distance between these two points is 7.5 km. Moreover, this area is occupied by several hills, in particular, Khirbet Juhzum, Khirbet Umm et-Tala‘ and Za‘atara. Therefore, Jebel el-Fureidis can't be observed from the monastery of St. Theodosius.<br /><br />
Meanwhile, Mariti, like many Christian pilgrims, knew Jebel el-Fureidis well as the Mountain of Franks. Elsewhere he says: “<i>Near the Bethlehem desert, or rather, between it and the Thekoya desert, there is a high mountain separated from the rest, steep at the top. The Dragomen told us that it was called the "the Mountain of Franks"</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OjAUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA270&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1770: IV 270–271</a>). Further, Mariti expounds the Crusader tradition, after which he explains: “<i>On the other hand, the Arabs and the indigenous people of the country call this mountain “Fardays”, which means “Paradise”, perhaps because at its foot there were gardens irrigated with a spring. Besides the Arabs, I also found that the Greeks also call the delightful places and gardens Παράδεισοι, that is, Paradisi. In this sense, this word is sometimes used by the Latins. At the top of this mountain there are the remains of a fortress, and I believe it belongs to the time when the Latins ruled the kingdom of Jerusalem; although the fortunate location of the Mountain makes one think that there was a fortress more ancient than this fort</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OjAUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA272&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1770: IV 272</a>).<br /><br />
Therefore, the “Castle of Erodion”, shown by the guides of Mariti to the south of the monastery of St. Theodosius, is not Jebel el-Fureidis, but some other mountain. In his multivolume work, the Italian researcher demonstrated an excellent knowledge of Palestinian toponyms. He excelled at observation and shared considerations that are very valuable for Palestinian scholars. No wonder <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Tobler">Titus Tobler</a>, who compiled a bibliography of scholars working on Palestine, wrote: “I<i>t would be fair to say that it was not Robinson, but an Italian priest who laid the foundations for the critical history of [the Holy Land]</i>” (<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433113918175&view=1up&seq=69">1853: I LXIII</a>).<br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PvE24QHw-fc/X68JoPuaXuI/AAAAAAAAHrc/O2H37QNIkqofgVdeLHJ-eM66TKStzEVEQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1039/Land%2Bof%2BPromise%2B1786fr.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="691" data-original-width="1039" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PvE24QHw-fc/X68JoPuaXuI/AAAAAAAAHrc/O2H37QNIkqofgVdeLHJ-eM66TKStzEVEQCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h426/Land%2Bof%2BPromise%2B1786fr.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">The fragment the map of “the Land of Promise” of 1786</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">To the south of the monastery of St. Theodosius, two kilometers away, the towering <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B2%D9%85%E2%80%AD/@31.7054635,35.2641962,2708m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x0:0x0!2zMzHCsDM5JzU2LjciTiAzNcKwMTQnMjkuOCJF!3b1!8m2!3d31.6657363!4d35.2416084!3m4!1s0x1503263b1b75259b:0x5014a59e0dc41107!8m2!3d31.7054466!4d35.2729502">Khirbet Juhzum</a> is clearly visible. There are also the ancient foundations of houses, as well as cisterns and caves are located. A little to the west — Khirbet el-Makhrum with the ruins of the Byzantine monastery of St. Theognis. A kilometer to the south is the cone-shaped mountain <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/%D8%A3%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B9%E2%80%AD/@31.6968538,35.2575075,1511m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x0:0x0!2zMzHCsDM5JzU2LjciTiAzNcKwMTQnMjkuOCJF!3b1!8m2!3d31.6657363!4d35.2416084!3m4!1s0x1503264bbf70afd3:0x9bfcbfed9ffd380b!8m2!3d31.6968297!4d35.2628678">Khirbet Umm et-Tala‘</a>, where there are also ancient ruins. In July 1863, on the way from Bethlehem to Deir Mar Saba, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">Victor Guérin</a> visited Khirbet Umm et-Tala‘ and described it as follows: “<i>Located on the mountain separating two deep valleys, where the camp of the Taamra tribe is located, these ruins seem to be the remains of an ancient military structure; several cisterns dug into the rock bear witness to ancient works</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n101/mode/1up">Judee, III 88</a>). We add that, strategically, this is a great place to build a fortress.<br /><br />
From Khirbet Umm et-Tala‘ to Jerusalem it is 8.6 km or 48 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadion_(unit)">stadia</a>, which is closer to the 60 stadia indicated by Josephus from Jerusalem to Herodium than the 84 stadia from Jerusalem to Jebel el-Fureidis.<br /><br />
The location of Khirbet Umm et-Tala' does not contradict the word πλησίος (“not far, in the neighborhood”), which Josephus uses, speaking about the proximity of Herodium and the village of Teqoa (<a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl03joseuoft/page/155/mode/1up"><i>War</i>: IV 9.5 [518]</a>). From Khirbet Umm et-Tala‘ to the present Arab village of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teqoa">Tuku‘a</a> (formerly Teqoa) is 8 km distance. And this can be considered: not far. After all, Josephus' fortress of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masada">Masada</a> also turns out to be “not far from Jerusalem” (<a href="https://archive.org/details/josephuswithengl03joseuoft/page/117/mode/1up"><i>War</i>: IV 7.2 [399]</a>), although there is 52 km between them!<br /><br />
This mountain should not be confused with the hill of the same name Khirbet Umm et-Tala‘, which is located near the Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migdal_Oz">Migdal Oz</a> (south of Bethlehem) and which is identified with the <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%A8_(%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99)">“tower of the flock”</a> mentioned in the Bible (<a href="https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0135.htm">Gen 35:21</a>; <a href="https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1804.htm">Micah 4:8</a>). Archaeological excavations were carried out on that hill. But the Arabic Khirbet Umm et-Tala‘ remains almost unexplored.<br /><br />
In the Judean Desert, there are many mountains, with their shape resembling a woman's breast, mentioned by Josephus when describing Herodium. The French traveler <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Baudot">Victor Baudot</a> describes the Judean Desert in this way: “<i>On all sides there are charred female nipples (mamelons), glistening in the sun like molten metal</i>” (<a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65479743/f173.item">Baudot 1896: 167</a>). For example, this rather high mountain is located near the abandoned Jordanian fort of <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D9%85+%D8%A3%D9%85+%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%E2%80%AD/@31.4445498,35.2473104,1240m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x15032607b760769d:0x728c7287bf17744c!2z0JTQttGD0LTQsNC40L0g0JTQtdGB0LXRgNGC!3b1!8m2!3d31.6998776!4d35.3006573!3m4!1s0x15031d088384ce39:0xb00fcb45822f5511!8m2!3d31.4429012!4d35.2475081">Umm Daraj</a>.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5YOqqIDS-n0/X6iVdF4gEMI/AAAAAAAAHqY/Ln6zBiKyIPM1gvv-JJ8_94k8pfQ2M8tFwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Female%2Bbreast.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="2048" height="360" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5YOqqIDS-n0/X6iVdF4gEMI/AAAAAAAAHqY/Ln6zBiKyIPM1gvv-JJ8_94k8pfQ2M8tFwCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h360/Female%2Bbreast.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">The mountain near the abandoned Jordanian fort of Umm Daraj</div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Continuing his way to Deir Mar Saba in 1863, V. Guérin arrived at the monastery of St. Theodosius, from where he turned to the southeast and after 3.5 km found himself on a very remarkable mountain, which he described as follows: “<i>A pile of ashlars more or less square in shape, the remains of a small column, now inverted, appear to me as Burj el-Hummar. This fort (fortin), located on a mountain plateau, dominates the entire neighborhood</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n105/mode/1up">Judee, III 92</a>).<br /><br />
The toponym <i>Burj el-Hammar</i> — “the tower of the asses” appears on the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.18.jpg">PEF map of 1879</a> (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/342/mode/1up">Palmer 1881: 342</a>), halfway between the monasteries of St. Theodosius and St. Saba, but then disappeared on subsequent maps and now is not mentioned in guidebooks. We believe that this place should be sought to the east of the Arab village of ‘Ubeidiya, on a high plateau, next to the highway from ‘Ubeidiya to Deir Mar Saba. Interestingly, there are 11.2 km from this place to Jerusalem, that is, 62 stadia — a distance that almost exactly coincides with the distance indicated by Josephus from Jerusalem to Herodium.<br /><br />
So, we see that the Judean Desert southeast of Jerusalem is abound with the ruins of various fortresses and forts that were created over the centuries. Some of them, in one way or another, fall under the description of Herodium given by Josephus. One of these fortresses was shown by the monks to Giovanni Mariti as a castle built by King Herod.<br /><br />
At that moment, Mariti showed an annoying sluggishness, which later, he apparently realized himself. Therefore, he cites detailed quotes from the works of Josephus Flavius instead of his own description of “Erodion”. If Mariti then seized the moment and took efforts to climb the mountain shown to him by the guides, he would see everything with his own eyes and his message would be of much greater value. In such a case, an Italian explorer of the 18th century could become the founder of such a tradition of Flavian Herodium, which would exist <b>along</b> with the Crusader tradition of Jebel el-Fureidis, and not instead of it.
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-45598543148085045442020-06-23T01:42:00.003-07:002023-02-07T16:42:26.162-08:00Haram area in Jerusalem. Southern Wall, 7–12<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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(Continued. <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2020/06/haram-area-in-jerusalem-southern-wall-16.html">Start</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LtK2oRisv6w/XsbY_zhEngI/AAAAAAAAHWQ/r2rd-9C0Bn8qrqcsLY9dM5BPdIMaw-QYgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Temple%2BMount%2BSouthern%2Bwall%2B3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="1600" height="312" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LtK2oRisv6w/XsbY_zhEngI/AAAAAAAAHWQ/r2rd-9C0Bn8qrqcsLY9dM5BPdIMaw-QYgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Temple%2BMount%2BSouthern%2Bwall%2B3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Aerial photo of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Wall">Southern Wall</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Mount">Haram esh-Sharif</a>. The dashed lines show the borders between the wall rows of different historical periods. The numbers mark different places of interest, which will be described below.</div>
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<b>7. A Latin inscription on the ashlar</b></div>
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Near the Double Gate in the Southern Wall, in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty">Umayyad rows</a> there is a reused stone block with the Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninus_Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> mentioned on it. A Latin inscription which is turned upside down and with regular abbreviations says:<br />
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TITO AEL HADRIANO<br />
ANTONINO AUG PIO<br />
P P PONTIF AUGUR<br />
D D<br />
<i>To Titus Ael[ius] Hadrianus</i><br />
<i>Antoninus Aug[ustus] Pius</i><br />
<i>the F[ather] of the F[atherland], Pontif[ex], Augur</i><br />
<i>D[ecreed] by the D[ecurions]</i><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wxYzFjcKEOY/XubIaf-yOnI/AAAAAAAAHb0/0VMCjCITnNAAxAofaxNwvNTWQ-DAolXCwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_1820.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wxYzFjcKEOY/XubIaf-yOnI/AAAAAAAAHb0/0VMCjCITnNAAxAofaxNwvNTWQ-DAolXCwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_1820.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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A reused stone block with Latin inscription</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-E1a1BOm2-sI/XubH-eRuuSI/AAAAAAAAHbw/YP8uw8jBxAQ0u5h-dTKfLbRo_ZkQgE6pwCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Inscription%2BAntoninus%2BPius.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-E1a1BOm2-sI/XubH-eRuuSI/AAAAAAAAHbw/YP8uw8jBxAQ0u5h-dTKfLbRo_ZkQgE6pwCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Inscription%2BAntoninus%2BPius.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In the photo there is a Roman ashlar which we turned to make the Latin inscription readable</div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_F%C3%A9licien_de_Saulcy">L. F. de Saulcy</a> was the first who published this inscription in 1853 (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eW5BAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">III 1853, Pl. XXIV</a>). Researchers suppose not without reason that this ashlar originally belonged to the basement of Antonius Pius monument, which was set within the Temple of Jupiter by a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiales#Decurions">Decurions</a> decree of Aelia Capitolina. In 333 the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itinerarium_Burdigalense">Pilgrim of Bordeaux</a> mentioned two monuments of Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian">Hadrian</a>. Researchers think one of these monuments was honored to Hadrian's successor, Antoninus Puis who continued the construction of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina">Aelia Capitolina</a>.<br />
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In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Iudaeae/Palaestinae">CIIP</a>, where the inscription follows number 718, it is reported that <i>«the stone block is inserted, upside down, high in the Southern wall of the Umayyad palace on the Haram (Temple Mount).»</i> This is an inaccuracy. This ashlar is located directly in the Southern Wall of the Haram, and not in the southern wall of the Umayyad Palace. In addition, the Umayyad palace itself is not located on the territory of the Haram, but outside. This inaccuracy entailed a following reasoning in the CIIP: <i>«it since the findspot of the base high in the southern wall of the Umayyad palace on the Haram need not imply that the statue itself was originally erected on the Temple Mount»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2cfmBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">CIIP I.2: 18</a>). This is partly true: the statue was not necessarily located on the territory of the current Haram. But the indication of the Pilgrim of Bordeaux to two imperial statues in this territory makes such a location very probable.<br />
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Umayyad builders extracted this ashlar from the ruins dated to Aelia Capitolina period and used it in their wall course as an ordinary stone block. Whereas they didn't give any value to the inscription of “infidel Francs” didn’t wanted anybody who would visit the Haram esh-Sharif to read this turned upside down writing.<br />
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In the meantime, this ashlar has a great historical value. It should be in the museum dedicated to Aelia Capitolina. But there is no such museum in Jerusalem, and nobody intends to establish it. The commanding Templar school doesn't need such museum, it has another purposes.<br />
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One cannot say that the Roman period in history of Jerusalem doesn't interest researchers at all. Recently there appear more and more works about Aelia Capitolina: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23671410?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">Belayche 1997</a>, <a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=st6mDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Magness 2000</a>, <a href="https://www.academia.edu/33789802/Aelia_Capitolina_2007_">Bieberstein 2007</a>, <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235911652_The_Religious_and_Cultural_World_of_Aelia_Capitolina_-_A_New_Perspective">Friedheim 2007</a>, <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43588780?read-now=1&seq=8#page_scan_tab_contents">Mazar 2011</a>, <a href="https://www.academia.edu/35784619/The_Temple_Mount_of_Jerusalem_and_the_Capitolium_of_Aelia_Capitolina">Newman 2014</a>, <a href="http://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11089/22370/Praca%20Doktorska%20Tomasz%20Janczewski%20Dobra.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Janczewski 2016</a> are among them. Not long ago an Israeli researcher and archeologist Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah released a detailed book: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DnnEDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=com"><i>“Aelia Capitolina – Jerusalem in the Roman Period”</i></a> (2019).<br />
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Nevertheless about three centuries of history of the Holy City are still least studied. It is besides the fact that the foundation of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)">Old City</a> like the Haram esh-Sharif was established precisely in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire">Roman period</a>, and all further construction continued and developed Aelia Capitolina. A big amount of Latin inscriptions of that period testifies that the city was thoroughly Romanized (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DnnEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA201&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Weksler-Bdolah 2019: 201</a>). For a long time, even in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine period</a>, the city's official name was still Aelia. This name in the form of “<b>Iliyā</b>” (<span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">إلياء</span>) was transferred to Muslim rulers of the city (<a href="http://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/D03564/2011_4/2011_4_AWAISIK.pdf">El-Awaisi 2011</a>).<br />
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<b>8. The Triple Gate</b><br />
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From the Double to the Triple Gate there is a modern pavement for comfort of visitors of the Archeological park (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/32406180/EXCAVATIONS_AT_THE_TRIPLE_GATE_OF_THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_JERUSALEM_YUVAL_BARUCH_AND_RONNY_REICH">Baruch and Reich 2016: Fig. 11</a>). This pavement ends with a platform and a stairway near the Triple Gate, which is 80 m from the Double Gate and 90 m from the south-eastern corner of the Haram Complex. The width of the Triple Gate (three arches altogether) is 20,7 m.<br />
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The name of the Triple Gate during the early Muslim period is not very much clear. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Bahat">Dan Bahat</a> supposes that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Faqih">Ibn al-Faqih</a> called it the Gate of the Valley (<i>Bab al-Wadi</i>), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a> named it the Gate of the Spring (<i>Bab al-'Ain</i>), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Maqdisi">al-Maqdisi</a> – <i>Mihrab Maryam Gates</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-qQUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA76&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Bahat 1996, 76–78</a>). But none of the Muslim resources mentioned that there is an underground passage in this place, like the one from the <i>Gate of the Prophet</i> (the Double Gate).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1-REgmcCKJU/XuqsPYpbiVI/AAAAAAAAHdE/Z2w7Hvqxrf4tB4a5AqkkD8NhVKV6-gotwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Triple%2BGate.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="1040" height="388" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1-REgmcCKJU/XuqsPYpbiVI/AAAAAAAAHdE/Z2w7Hvqxrf4tB4a5AqkkD8NhVKV6-gotwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Triple%2BGate.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Triple Gate</div>
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<i>«The platform [of Temple] has on the south side a wide entrance through three large arches connected together by two columns, and on the same side it has another entrance wider than the first»</i>, John of Würzburg wrote in 1172 (<a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534323/page/n36/mode/1up"><i>Description</i>, p. 20</a>). He obviously meant the Double and Triple Gates, but only the Double one has columns; the Triple Gate probably has never had columns.<br />
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The Triple Gate as well as the Double Gate some time ago was leading through the underground vaulted passage to the stairway, which the religious used to climb up the Sanctuary. Besides, the entrance hall of the Triple Gate adjoined a spacious vaulted room (approx. 3390 sq.m.), historically known as the “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables">Solomon's Stables</a>”; since 1996 <b>el-Marwani Prayer Hall</b> has been functioning here.<br />
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As well as the Double Gate, the Triple Gate was blocked, there hasn't been any entrance for a long time already. Regardless the triple arch in this place there was a double vaulted passage like the one from the Double Gate, absolutely similar to this in size (length, width, height). Some representatives of Templar's school think that <i>«it seems that originally both of them were double gates and that the easternmost of the three openings of the Triple Gate was added only in the Middle Ages»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DbEFv2BBsCgC&pg=PA174&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Netzer 2008: 174</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hta5coO_Wh8/XubTnd1_hRI/AAAAAAAAHcA/WgEsdPfoggUCZMbzpBOL-9rlo92wZQLfwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Wilson%2B1865%2B12%2BTriple%2Bgate%2Bb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1247" data-original-width="1600" height="498" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hta5coO_Wh8/XubTnd1_hRI/AAAAAAAAHcA/WgEsdPfoggUCZMbzpBOL-9rlo92wZQLfwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Wilson%2B1865%2B12%2BTriple%2Bgate%2Bb.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Triple Gate. Photo from the album of Ch. Wilson (<a href="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47d9-645b-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99">1865: 12</a>) This photo clearly shows the border between two wall rows: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty">Umayyad</a> rows and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk</a> is below, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman</a> is above.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jo1kftQ9PDQ/XubVOKn872I/AAAAAAAAHcM/gaw5eRM4vA09SgloZVcSYyHkXwmBo7eWwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Barclay%2B1857%252C%2B507.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="750" height="510" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jo1kftQ9PDQ/XubVOKn872I/AAAAAAAAHcM/gaw5eRM4vA09SgloZVcSYyHkXwmBo7eWwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Barclay%2B1857%252C%2B507.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Triple Gate from the inner side of the Haram esh-Sharif. </div>
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Image from the book of Barclay (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TjkPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA507&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1857: 507</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eYKZ8uUOwnw/XubW6HgxNQI/AAAAAAAAHcg/H1C_e27LD2M6CWSK_6NAU4lj0DhPNDoHQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Solomon%2527s%2BStables%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="358" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eYKZ8uUOwnw/XubW6HgxNQI/AAAAAAAAHcg/H1C_e27LD2M6CWSK_6NAU4lj0DhPNDoHQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Solomon%2527s%2BStables%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The inner side view to the central arch of the Triple Gate. Taken from the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oj02aXRlcjQ">video of 2018</a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SyS35-An4eo/XubVrMX5b_I/AAAAAAAAHcU/Q6kf7DWfM_86zzwuGJlxUZujrthJaR-8QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Triple%2BGate%2Bplan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1062" data-original-width="1318" height="514" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SyS35-An4eo/XubVrMX5b_I/AAAAAAAAHcU/Q6kf7DWfM_86zzwuGJlxUZujrthJaR-8QCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Triple%2BGate%2Bplan.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The plan of the Triple Gate, with inner dimensions mentioned</div>
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The Triple Gate, by all accounts, appeared in the same period as the Double Gate. Obviously, the Double, Triple Gates, and their underground passageways is a united architectural plan. The same way as of the Double Gate, the underground passageway of the Triple Gate was made taking into account the dimensions of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque">al-Aqsa Mosque</a>. The thing is that in the time of Umayyads the building of the mosque was two- or threefold wider than the present building (83 x 56 m). Al-Maqdisi informs that this building had 15 prayer passageways, so called naves (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/98/mode/1up">Le Strange, 1890: 98</a>). As a Christian pilgrim <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arculf">Arculf</a> said (approx. 680), the building held 3 thousand people. There is reason to believe that the Umayyad mosque was approximately 115 m from west to east, and from north to south had the current size. In this case, the north-eastern corner of the mosque was nearly in the same place, where the underground passage came from the Triple Gate to the surface.<br />
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Thus, there were three entrances to the Haram from the south side in the Umayyad period: one was via the bridge (see n.3), and two underground, the central (the Double Gate) and the eastern (the Triple Gate). All three entrances were connected with the al-Aqsa Mosque. The western entrance led to the most western of all 15 naves, the central one was oriented towards the central nave; the eastern entrance led to the most eastern nave of the Umayyad mosque. That was the harmony of the early Muslim architecture.<br />
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Anyway, the Triple Gate differs in construction from the Double Gate. The decoration of the entrance hall is not so opulent as that of the Double. It's no coincidence that the Triple Gate never saw so many European visitors, writers and artists, as it was seen in the underground passageway of the al-Aqsa Mosque.<br />
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<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5">E. Pierotti</a> dated the Triple Gate to the times of Byzantine Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I">Justinian I</a>: <i>«We see three plain round-headed arches, supported by four pilasters, whose masonry differs both from the older and newer work in the immediate neighbourhood. Their general character is Roman, and I believe them to have been built at the time of Justinian, to communicate with the vaults within the Haram»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FoTBjgEACAAJ&pg=PA69&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1864: I 69</a>).<br />
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A lower pre-Islamic row of large ashlars adjoints the left (western) side of the first (western) arch of the Triple Gate. The last of these ashlars has a decorative processing: it is called a piece of the western doorjamb of the original Triple Gate. The commanding nowadays Templar's archeological school refers this doorjamb to the Herodian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple">Second Temple</a>, anyway noting that “the whole plan and the form of the Herodian Gate are unknown” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/32406180/EXCAVATIONS_AT_THE_TRIPLE_GATE_OF_THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_JERUSALEM_YUVAL_BARUCH_AND_RONNY_REICH">Baruch and Reich 2016: 45</a>; comp. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338716702_Solomon's_Stables_The_Temple_Mount_Jerusalem_The_Events_Concerning_the_Destruction_of_Antiquities_1999_-_2001">Seligman 2007: 37</a>). We refer this doorjamb to the construction of Roman times, the times of largescale works preceding to the Muslim construction.<br />
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The finishing of this doorjamb resembles doorjambs and other architectural elements of the Roman temple in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadesh_(Syria)">Kadesh</a>. It is worth noting, the façade has three carved and ornamented entrances: a central opening symmetrically flanked by two smaller ones (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233657959_The_Roman_Temple_at_Kedesh_Upper_Galilee_A_Preliminary_Study">Fischer and Ovadiah 1984: 151–152</a>). Such carved finishing of the doorways is characteristic for Roman building in Palestine. Historians suppose that the temple in Kadesh was established in 117 AD in times of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian">Hadrian</a>, who later founded a Roman colony <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina">Aelia Capitolina</a> that changed the Biblical Jerusalem.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fAeshzB45SA/Xuth7G-kQzI/AAAAAAAAHdU/6EZwj-J_4sYZiViybpYTx6xUnmeuMC7KwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Triple%2BGate%2B-%2BKedesh.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="957" data-original-width="1600" height="382" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fAeshzB45SA/Xuth7G-kQzI/AAAAAAAAHdU/6EZwj-J_4sYZiViybpYTx6xUnmeuMC7KwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Triple%2BGate%2B-%2BKedesh.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>On the left</i>: the western doorjamb of the Triple Gate. The image from de Vogüé's book (<a href="https://archive.org/details/letempledejrusal00vogm/page/11/mode/1up">1864: 11</a>). <i>On the right</i>: the ruins of the Roman temple in Kadesh. The image from “<i>The survey of Western Palestine</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/n267/mode/1up">SWP I 227</a>).</div>
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If the establishment of the Triple Gate one can refer to the Roman period, the form of the current gate is more likely Umayyad. The arches of the Triple Gate are rounded up at the top. These rounded up arches are typical for early Islamic building, that proves the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Palace">Umayyad palace (Qasr) in Amman</a>, the palace of caliph <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Walid_I">al-Walid I</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjar,_Lebanon">Anjar</a>; the palaces of caliph Hisham — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasr_al-Hayr_al-Gharbi">Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasr_al-Hayr_al-Sharqi">Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi</a> in Syria.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BtDanTxiVoI/XutjV6AN2tI/AAAAAAAAHdo/gveOIe7u3pQ5fVVcq3JwQoGTmc9rbOynwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_1846b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="963" data-original-width="1600" height="384" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BtDanTxiVoI/XutjV6AN2tI/AAAAAAAAHdo/gveOIe7u3pQ5fVVcq3JwQoGTmc9rbOynwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_1846b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Triple Gate and the Umayyad Qasr al-Hayr ash-Sharqi, the palace of caliph al-Walid I in Anjar.</div>
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There is a Hebrew inscription for Joseph the rabbi from Mutaref (a city in Syria) on the western doorjamb. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_F%C3%A9licien_de_Saulcy">L. F. de Saulcy</a> was the first who published this inscription in 1872 and doubted that it was ancient (<a href="https://archive.org/details/voyageenterresa02saulgoog/page/n27">1872: II 17</a>). Modern researchers usually date this inscription to 750 AD, when a Muslim dynasty of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate">Abassid</a> was ruling and the Jewish could worship their destroyed temple only at the southern wall of the Haram esh-Sharif (<a href="http://www.generationword.com/jerusalem101/47-southern-temple-wall.html">Wiemers 2010: 158</a>; <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23400208?seq=25">Ben-Dov 1986: 27</a>). This inscription was made by Jewish pilgrims.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XL5QpWOY2wQ/Xux0KW8TkkI/AAAAAAAAHgw/lVOsEZbjYkgcTsfLwlvYCcmPRxhY3o1XgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Jamb%2Bof%2BTriple%2BGate.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="543" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XL5QpWOY2wQ/Xux0KW8TkkI/AAAAAAAAHgw/lVOsEZbjYkgcTsfLwlvYCcmPRxhY3o1XgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Jamb%2Bof%2BTriple%2BGate.jpg" width="288" /></a></div>
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The Hebrew inscription on the western doorjamb</div>
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The major part of the Triple Gate is made of large reddish ashlars of the Umayyad period. Later the gate was blocked with small stone blocks, obviously, from another quarry. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar">Templars</a> were likely to do it at the same time when they were blocking the entrance through the Double Gate and erected a keep adjacent to the Southern wall.<br />
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Now the original ideas about the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodian_dynasty">Herodian</a> basement of the Triple Gate are being revised. <i>«The tunnels which exist today, leading from the Double and Triple Gates, are arched constructions from a later period and we can not assume that at the time of the Second Temple there were such tunnels»</i>, — Tuvia Sagiv says (<a href="http://www.templemount.org/tempmt.html">The Hidden Secrets of the Temple Mount</a>).<br />
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The researchers so far do not decline the Templar's tradition, but they more and more emphasize the Umayyad construction, calling it “the reconstruction of the walls”. This emphasis is quite telling and promise a thorough revision of the outdated Templar's ideas in the future. <i>«The existing triple semicircular arched portals with chamfered voussoirs almost certainly belong to the Umayyad reconstruction of the walls of the Haram esh-Sharif... The vaults of this passageway are integral to the Umayyad period of construction»</i>, — Jon Seligman remarks (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338716702_Solomon's_Stables_The_Temple_Mount_Jerusalem_The_Events_Concerning_the_Destruction_of_Antiquities_1999_-_2001">Seligman 2007: 37, 41</a>). In general, modern researchers agree that everything else of what we see today is later, Muslim-period work (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSuErBFmykQC&pg=PA104&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Murphy-O'Connor 2008, 104; 113</a>). In fact, this conclusion can be referred to the whole Southern Wall.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1Bpdm0Xv_n4/Xux6-L5nN4I/AAAAAAAAHg8/5MTwXGMAhGYO1L1_-I7PkiKvUA_zMAcbACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Triple%2BGate%2Btunnel%2B1974.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="794" data-original-width="600" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1Bpdm0Xv_n4/Xux6-L5nN4I/AAAAAAAAHg8/5MTwXGMAhGYO1L1_-I7PkiKvUA_zMAcbACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Triple%2BGate%2Btunnel%2B1974.jpg" width="482" /></a></div>
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In the tunnel below the Triple Gate undeground passageway in 1974. The water that overflowed from an underground cistern was channelled out through this tunnel. This is the so-called underground <a href="http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/jerusalempools/index.html#templemount">cistern No. 10</a> was part of drainage system of the Haram platform.</div>
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As for the stairway in front of the Triple Gate, it is totally a modern Israeli construction. It is difficult to say how the stairs historically looked like in this place. The photos of this area taken before 1967, before the Israeli excavations in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophel#Jerusalem_Ophel">Ophel</a>, show that it was all covered with cultural layer, while bushes and soil were coming up right to the feet of the Triple Gate.<br />
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Israeli archeological excavations found a few big, badly cracked stone plates laying under the Triple Gate. As soon as these plates had been extracted, it was found that they were based on two layers of knockings of chip stone, covered with a thin coat of gray plaster (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/32406180/EXCAVATIONS_AT_THE_TRIPLE_GATE_OF_THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_JERUSALEM_YUVAL_BARUCH_AND_RONNY_REICH">Baruch and Reich 2016: Fig. 12</a>). Further to the south from the Gate ruins of various buildings were excavated, mainly of the Umayyad period.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hQyK6yo_-lM/Xux9TWYahmI/AAAAAAAAHhI/AqoXjtHkm7Mzwa04wFZEkcV7-DTW8Tg1ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Baruch%2B-%2BReich%2B2016%2B45.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="898" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hQyK6yo_-lM/Xux9TWYahmI/AAAAAAAAHhI/AqoXjtHkm7Mzwa04wFZEkcV7-DTW8Tg1ACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Baruch%2B-%2BReich%2B2016%2B45.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of the excavations near the Triple Gate in 1990s.</div>
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As archeologists think, built in Ophel Umayyad buildings clearly obviated the Herodian monumental stairway which had led to the Triple Gate, changing the approach to the gate or more probably putting part of it out of commission (Baruch and Reich 2016: 93). Following this idea, we can conclude that the Umayyads richly decorated the Double Gate and the underground passageway from it, but for some reason ignored the Triple Gate, which in fact was a unique architectural ensemble and had the same important function. And at the same time we can clearly observe the Umayyad construction of the Triple Gate. We are likely to consider all pros and contras of archeologists. But we keep on following the idea that the Triple Gate was blocked not by the Muslims, but by those who blocked the Double Gate.<br />
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<b>9. The Grot</b><br />
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Under the recently reconstructed stairway near the Triple Gate there appeared a niche looking like a tunnel or a grot. Here we can see that the reconstructed stairway is fixed with metal rails placed perpendicular to the wall. Right under the stairway the remains of some vaulted building were excavated.<br />
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Archeological reports call this room a “vault”, <i>«At the Triple Gate a deep vault was discovered under this east-west street. The vault served as support for a stairway which led from the lower plaza to the Triple Gate and then into the Temple area»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QcxKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Mare 1987: 154</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z_aiQFYzux8/XuyDcN-UCNI/AAAAAAAAHhU/_B0ahBLrReQK-7CacjqaZXZH0a0V5_v_QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_1832.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z_aiQFYzux8/XuyDcN-UCNI/AAAAAAAAHhU/_B0ahBLrReQK-7CacjqaZXZH0a0V5_v_QCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_1832.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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A “vault” under stairway near the Triple Gate</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VxVZiBBgr5Q/XuyDdj2cmhI/AAAAAAAAHhY/6xf93wnYTGId0KLctH1CfiA4XUD3wQvxgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_1828.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VxVZiBBgr5Q/XuyDdj2cmhI/AAAAAAAAHhY/6xf93wnYTGId0KLctH1CfiA4XUD3wQvxgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_1828.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Herodian blocks of the Southern Wall are laid right on the rock</div>
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In this place one can see that the Herodian blocks of the Southern Wall are laid right on the rock which is exposed 2 meters deep (quite a phenomenal place near the Southern Wall!). It means we see that in this area the Herodian ashlars (of secondary use) make the original course of the Southern wall of the Haram esh-Sharif. It is quite easy to note that in this place the ashlars are badly damaged or affected by corrosion.<br />
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Starting from this place the rocky level is sharply going down eastwards and opening new lower rows of Herodian blocks over it, - right up to the south-eastern corner of the Haram area.<br />
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<b>10. A pointy arch (Single Gate)</b><br />
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One more pointy arch, similar to the first (see <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2020/06/haram-area-in-jerusalem-southern-wall-16.html">n. 3</a>), also blocked with stone blocks, is located 32 meters from the south-eastern corner of the Southern Wall in the course dated to the Umayyad period and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluks</a>. E. Pierotti who toured the Haram complex clockwise, described this attraction as follows, <i>«A few yards from the corner is a doorway with a pointed arch, now walled up, which I consider to have been made at the time of the Crusades, and possibly then called the Gate of the Valley of Jehoshaphat»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FoTBjgEACAAJ&pg=PA169&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1864: I 169</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Warren">Ch. Warren</a> calls this arch the Single Gate and notes, <i>«the sill of the Single Gate is at a lower level, but this gate has all the appearance of being quite a modern construction, the entrance found 20 feet lower, and immediately beneath it going far to support the idea that this Single Gate itself was not finished until after a considerable amount of the present debris in Ophel had accumulated»</i> (<a href="https://archive.org/details/recoveryofjerusa00wilsuoft/page/93/mode/1up">1871: 93</a>).<br />
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Eastern part of the Southern Wall</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u_THI3KYW4Q/XuyFO3gHEqI/AAAAAAAAHho/5q2dPm4MizcG2MHqw_aFnVfOMTFGXqTJACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Single%2BGate%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="639" data-original-width="767" height="532" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u_THI3KYW4Q/XuyFO3gHEqI/AAAAAAAAHho/5q2dPm4MizcG2MHqw_aFnVfOMTFGXqTJACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Single%2BGate%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Single Gate</div>
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This Gate also led to the inner area known as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables">Solomon's Stables</a>. The idea of Pierotti is still relevant: the majority of researchers follow him and date this Gate to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem">Crusader times</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Murphy-O%27Connor">Jerome Murphy O'Connor</a> writes, <i>«the Single Gate, which was cut by the Templars as a postern and sealed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin">Saladin</a> in 1187»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSuErBFmykQC&pg=PA114&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">2008: 114</a>).<br />
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It occurs that the Templars blocked the access to the Sanctuary in the Southern Wall through the Double and Triple Gates and made a separate entrance. It is unclear what guided them. Some think that the Templars wanted to make a quick entrance from the outside of the Haram to the Solomon's Stables where they kept their horses and camels tied by the arches (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Z2cFY9iGqgC&pg=PA232&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Harel 2004: 232</a>).<br />
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But the biggest secret is how the stairway up to this gate looked like, as in the time of Crusaders this arch was quite high above the surface (currently, after the excavations, the height from the feet to the surface of the Single Gate is 12 meters). Archeologists did not find any remains of a stairway in this place.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mRzPaxyXG1Q/XuyHXYo7lNI/AAAAAAAAHh8/FIN6ZKCc7zIE-WoS_SP8QFpm70oPesGoQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Single%2BGate%2B1900.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1080" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mRzPaxyXG1Q/XuyHXYo7lNI/AAAAAAAAHh8/FIN6ZKCc7zIE-WoS_SP8QFpm70oPesGoQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Single%2BGate%2B1900.jpg" width="432" /></a></div>
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The Single Gate. Photo of 1900</div>
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However, Dan Bahat remarks about more early period and refers the establishment of the Single Gate to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate">Fatimids</a>, who (as he supposes) reconstructed the Solomon's Stables after the earthquake in 1033, “<i>as the Triple Gate had been blocked prior to this time</i>” (2001: 129). We remind that in his illustrated book Bahat names the Single Gate, “Bab es-Sitta”. This name was invented by Bahat himself and wasn't used by any Muslim authors. Bahat just translated an English nomination “Single Gate”, that was the name of the Pointy Arch given by European authors of the 19th and 20th centuries, into Arabic, and that gave to the term a look of Muslim antiquity (Bahat 1990: 82).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FdSkMGjzogM/Xu-3DV8rgBI/AAAAAAAAHjE/wpXYApmJXCsiaU2W-6bE0kTEBEOrWjrVQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Seligman%2B2007%252C%2B36.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="996" data-original-width="850" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FdSkMGjzogM/Xu-3DV8rgBI/AAAAAAAAHjE/wpXYApmJXCsiaU2W-6bE0kTEBEOrWjrVQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Seligman%2B2007%252C%2B36.jpg" width="546" /></a></div>
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The plan of the south-eastern part of the Haram esh-Sharif, including the Solomon's Stables, the Triple and Single Gates (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338716702_Solomon's_Stables_The_Temple_Mount_Jerusalem_The_Events_Concerning_the_Destruction_of_Antiquities_1999_-_2001">Seligman 2007: 36</a>)</div>
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While studying Muslim resources, it is impossible to understand whether the Middle ages authors knew about the Single Gate and how they called it. A number of the Muslim writers describe the Gate of the Haram esh-Sharif, but hardly anything from these descriptions can be referred to this attraction of the Southern wall. No other gate of the Holy Complex was so much ignored by the Muslims as the Single Gate was.<br />
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We cannot make any clear conclusion about the date, purpose and functioning of the Pointy Arch, called the Single Gate, so far. For this, we need to carry out additional researches inside as well as outside of the Haram esh-Sharif.<br />
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Nowadays, the inner side of this Arch turned out to be in the <b>el-Marwani Prayer Hall</b>, into which the Solomon's Stables were transformed. At the southern end of the sixth columns row from the west wherein a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab">mihrab</a> was erected recently. It is likely that so called “Single Gate” was never actually a gate. This Pointy Arch was supporting like the Pointy Arch at the south-western corner (<a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2020/06/haram-area-in-jerusalem-southern-wall-16.html">No. 3</a>) of the wall of the Haram esh-Sharif.<br />
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<b>11. Tunnels under the Single Gate</b><br />
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A tunnel discovered by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_William_Wilson">Ch. Wilson</a> (1880: 55–57) in 1867 under the Single Gate runs northward for 30 m until it is blocked by debris (<a href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00warruoft/page/161/mode/1up">Warren 1884: 161</a>; Mazar 1975: 127–128; Ben-Dov 1982: 347). It should be dated to the Crusader remodeling of the space. The sides of the tunnel utilize Herodian masonry in clear secondary use. It has been suggested by Ben-Dov (1982: 346–347) that the tunnel served as a postern escape route, constructed by the Crusaders together with the Single Gate. The use of this tunnel to exit the city could only have been possible after the eleventh century AD, as prior to this date this section of the Haram walls was encompassed within the city fortifications (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338716702_Solomon's_Stables_The_Temple_Mount_Jerusalem_The_Events_Concerning_the_Destruction_of_Antiquities_1999_-_2001">Seligman 2007: 38</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Kkahe_Fj1PI/XuyJBnlXnbI/AAAAAAAAHiI/MwZMFtrcsV4zziOOLEdsdZmGhxkLqxTYQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Single%2BGate%2Btunnel%2B1884.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="714" data-original-width="1162" height="392" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Kkahe_Fj1PI/XuyJBnlXnbI/AAAAAAAAHiI/MwZMFtrcsV4zziOOLEdsdZmGhxkLqxTYQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Single%2BGate%2Btunnel%2B1884.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Longitudinal sectional plan of the tunnel under the Single Gate (<a href="https://archive.org/details/planselevationss00warr/page/n18/mode/1up">Warren 1884b Pl. XXIV</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dCGdaVyuhTY/XuyJzTRmTfI/AAAAAAAAHiQ/L40xpfOyoaMWErSX-V4MY47TKEPXqm2NACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Single%2BGate%2Btunnel%2B1974.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="600" height="444" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dCGdaVyuhTY/XuyJzTRmTfI/AAAAAAAAHiQ/L40xpfOyoaMWErSX-V4MY47TKEPXqm2NACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Single%2BGate%2Btunnel%2B1974.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The entrance to another secret tunnel that ran below Solomon's Stables. Photo of 1974.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-njqtwmia-9U/XvIKyMl9lXI/AAAAAAAAHjw/tlg0HdKsP_UeKAO5sHUCHoCnIJlApWzMQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Single%2BGate%2Btunnel%2B1974c.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-njqtwmia-9U/XvIKyMl9lXI/AAAAAAAAHjw/tlg0HdKsP_UeKAO5sHUCHoCnIJlApWzMQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Single%2BGate%2Btunnel%2B1974c.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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This opening is now blocked up.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BDVe-8WogFQ/XuyJ_VbGiiI/AAAAAAAAHiU/fqomQ-tPLbgzjPGcezvjgAjHimBpze93QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Single%2BGate%2Btunnel%2B1974b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="441" data-original-width="600" height="468" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BDVe-8WogFQ/XuyJ_VbGiiI/AAAAAAAAHiU/fqomQ-tPLbgzjPGcezvjgAjHimBpze93QCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Single%2BGate%2Btunnel%2B1974b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the tunnel below Solomon's Stables. Photo of 1974.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GN5xmweAOFQ/XvHeWCVRzHI/AAAAAAAAHjc/DAC-u1V5Gw85XcYAFzBjv5cWzrEPAl8BwCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Mazar%2B1978%2B240.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="578" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GN5xmweAOFQ/XvHeWCVRzHI/AAAAAAAAHjc/DAC-u1V5Gw85XcYAFzBjv5cWzrEPAl8BwCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Mazar%2B1978%2B240.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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Tunnel under the Southern Wall east of the Triple Gate (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27925680?read-now=1&amp%3Brefreqid=excelsior%3A39e8978668bc28fe57b99f6d1489c41c&amp%3Bseq=11&seq=11#page_scan_tab_contents">Mazar 1978: Pl. 37</a>)</div>
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<b>12. Specific signs on some ashlars near the southeastern corner</b><br />
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The specific signs carved on some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodian_dynasty">Herodian</a> ashlars near the southeastern corner in the Southern and Eastern Walls, which were noted by Ch. Warren, aroused wild imagination among some researchers. Yuval Baruch and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronny_Reich">Ronny Reich</a> want to see Hebrew letters in these signs (for some reason, turned upside down), which have a sacred meaning (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/32421665/THE_MEANING_OF_THE_INSCRIBED_STONES_AT_THE_CORNERS_OF_THE_HERODIAN_TEMPLE_MOUNT">Baruch and Reich 2016b</a>). But chances are equal that these specific signs can be considered as Greek letters, or even Phoenician, as it was believed in the 19th century.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sMRlJlaJXLg/XuyLHM2uutI/AAAAAAAAHig/MU1f4zFaKugXNvsVqsM35jsEVvm04R7cACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Warren%2B1884%2BPl%2BXXb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="583" data-original-width="833" height="446" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sMRlJlaJXLg/XuyLHM2uutI/AAAAAAAAHig/MU1f4zFaKugXNvsVqsM35jsEVvm04R7cACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Warren%2B1884%2BPl%2BXXb.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Specific signs on some ashlars near the southeastern corner </div>
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in the Southern Wall (<a href="https://archive.org/details/planselevationss00warr/page/n17/mode/1up">Warren 1884b: Pl. XX</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--kqTYJPWLcQ/XuyLQ5QzAiI/AAAAAAAAHik/lC8230PyIg0lMzpItWY99PJZa6VtFrwzQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Warren%2B1884%2BPl%2BXIXb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="686" data-original-width="1025" height="428" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--kqTYJPWLcQ/XuyLQ5QzAiI/AAAAAAAAHik/lC8230PyIg0lMzpItWY99PJZa6VtFrwzQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Warren%2B1884%2BPl%2BXIXb.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Specific signs on some ashlars near the southeastern corner</div>
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in the Eastern Wall (<a href="https://archive.org/details/planselevationss00warr/page/n16/mode/1up">Warren 1884b Pl. XIX</a>)</div>
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In fact, these signs were most likely made by stonemasons for wall builders and indicated to them the correct installation of the stone block. The same signs are found on ashlars in other constructions of that period, they are also on the covers of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossuary#Jewish_Ossuaries">ossuaries</a>. These signs were probably made by Herodian stonemasons when these ashlars were of primary use.<br />
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* * *</div>
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During the last century and a half the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Wall">Southern Wall</a> experienced some changes. In the time of repairs in 1890-s a two-domed chapel crowning the Muslim shrine “<b>Cradle of Jesus</b>” in the south-eastern corner was eliminated, and a room with a shrine was remodeled.<br />
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In a letter to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Schick">Conrad Schick</a> notes that in the early months of 1891 the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf">Waqf</a> authorities cleared earth from Solomon's Stables to the level of the floor. In the process, the internal face of the Single Gate was buried up to the top of the arch, together with mangers that were still visible at that time. Windows were also opened at this time along the upper part of the Southern Wall of the Haram platform, between the Triple Gate and the southeastern corner, allowing light to enter Solomon's Stables. As a result of the leveling of the floor, two courses of an arch spring were exposed at the northern end of the western side of the fifth vault from the west (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338716702_Solomon's_Stables_The_Temple_Mount_Jerusalem_The_Events_Concerning_the_Destruction_of_Antiquities_1999_-_2001">Seligman 2007: 38</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7diobfnnm1E/XuyLhKxswiI/AAAAAAAAHis/FQYFBAR28YclqgO8RbNGU_UMmylZfwolACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Warren%2B1884%2BPl%2BXX.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1272" data-original-width="1600" height="508" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7diobfnnm1E/XuyLhKxswiI/AAAAAAAAHis/FQYFBAR28YclqgO8RbNGU_UMmylZfwolACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Warren%2B1884%2BPl%2BXX.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Eastern part of the Southern Wall. Drawing from Warren's book (<a href="https://archive.org/details/planselevationss00warr/page/n17/mode/1up">1884b Pl. XX</a>)</div>
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In 1990s, when a <b>el-Marwani Prayer Hall</b> was being set in the Solomon's Stables, narrow gunport windows were transformed into quite wide windows. Above the arches of the Triple Gate windows were also cut out in the wall. Besides, a row of lighters was set on the top of the wall to lighten Ophel.<br />
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<b>References</b></div>
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Wiemers 2010 — <a href="https://www.academia.edu/2477830/Jerusalem_History_Archaeology_and_Apologetic_Proof_of_Scripture">Wiemers G. <i>Jerusalem: History, Archaeology and Apologetic Prof of Scripture.</i> (2010)</a>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-82287236420074498352020-06-14T09:21:00.003-07:002020-12-20T12:46:15.256-08:00Haram area in Jerusalem. Southern Wall, 1–6<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LtK2oRisv6w/XsbY_zhEngI/AAAAAAAAHWQ/r2rd-9C0Bn8qrqcsLY9dM5BPdIMaw-QYgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Temple%2BMount%2BSouthern%2Bwall%2B3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="1600" height="312" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LtK2oRisv6w/XsbY_zhEngI/AAAAAAAAHWQ/r2rd-9C0Bn8qrqcsLY9dM5BPdIMaw-QYgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Temple%2BMount%2BSouthern%2Bwall%2B3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Aerial photo of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Wall">Southern Wall</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Mount">Haram esh-Sharif</a>. The dashed lines show the borders between the wall rows of different historical periods. The numbers mark different places of interest, which will be described below.</div>
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<b>1. Initial masonry Wall</b><br />
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When moving along the Southern Wall eastwards from the south-western corner of the Haram area, it takes a few meters to get to the modern stairs which lead us 3–4 meters higher than the basement of the ancient wall placed on the solid rock. However, during the archeological research the archeologists got the lowest level of the wall standing of the solid rock. Later Israeli organizers of the <a href="http://www.archpark.org.il/">Archaeological park</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophel#Jerusalem_Ophel">Ophel</a> set the stairs and a wooden flooring, to make it easier for tourists and visitors to climb up to the old pavement after the stairs.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zAkSiZZhN3I/XvH9OmxaLKI/AAAAAAAAHjk/_U-bsCmsMCkN0Ps7NAxrNb9Xumz3hAGQACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/South-western%2Bcorner.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zAkSiZZhN3I/XvH9OmxaLKI/AAAAAAAAHjk/_U-bsCmsMCkN0Ps7NAxrNb9Xumz3hAGQACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/South-western%2Bcorner.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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South-western corner of the Haram esh-Sharif</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6-EpxkFaoe8/Xsbf256UegI/AAAAAAAAHWc/H6HJChOp9b07wugTlPhg1E1lpG0PxFC7QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_1802.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6-EpxkFaoe8/Xsbf256UegI/AAAAAAAAHWc/H6HJChOp9b07wugTlPhg1E1lpG0PxFC7QCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_1802.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The lower layers of the wall of the Haram esh-Sharif wall through a narrow opening between the wooden flooring and the ancient Haram platform</div>
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Anyway, the organizers of the park left observable the lower layers of the wall of the Haram esh-Sharif wall through a narrow opening between the wooden flooring and the ancient Haram platform. In the photo: we are standing over this narrow opening and watching stone blocks below at the foot of the wall. These are huge roughly dressed ashlars laying lower than the exemplary <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodian_dynasty">Herodian</a> blocks. But it should be Herodian blocks (if we follow a common version) which made the original courses of the Haram walls! Especially since the southern part of the esplanade is considered as the Herodian expansion of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty">Hasmonean</a> Temple.<br />
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We could stop the excursion at this point as we eye witnessed that the original courses of the Southern Wall is <b>not Herodian</b>. But we didn't come to the Southern Wall to argue with the commanding archeological school and contradict its fallacies (see: <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2020/05/the-haram-area-temple-mount-in.html"><i>Haram area (“Temple Mount”) in Jerusalem: The Origin</i></a>), but to study this wall. Thus let's get down to our research.<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mazar">Benjamin Mazar</a> reports that <i>«we found below the estimated level of the sidewalk two rows of stone chambers built in the flood. In the easternmost part, we even found a blocked hole between the two rows, while another hole was a little higher, leading to the next chamber to the east, to the “Double Gate”. Here we came to two conclusions: these chambers were built as a continuous row along the entire length of this part of the south wall»</i> (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3211027?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Ade864d11f3c3295a8a6dd61147ddbd07&seq=8#metadata_info_tab_contents">1970: 54</a>). These chambers were closed and cannot be seen.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-40GtVs7oP_o/XvQ3dx0MDuI/AAAAAAAAHj8/qg-lu6usVzINPBAnM2cCY8qS8UU52A1zQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Mazar%2B1970%2B053.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="926" data-original-width="624" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-40GtVs7oP_o/XvQ3dx0MDuI/AAAAAAAAHj8/qg-lu6usVzINPBAnM2cCY8qS8UU52A1zQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Mazar%2B1970%2B053.jpg" /></a></div>
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Excavations of B. Mazar at the western part of the Southern Wall (before the discovery of the so-called “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpeting_Place_inscription">Trumpeting Place inscription</a>”) (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3211027?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Ade864d11f3c3295a8a6dd61147ddbd07&seq=7#metadata_info_tab_contents">Mazar 1970: 53</a>)</div>
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<b>2. The old pavement</b><br />
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The old pavement 2.5–3 meters wide saved by the organizers of the Archeological park is stretching along the Southern Wall from the south-western corner up to the fortification (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keep">Keep</a>) wall. The pavement consists of flags and stones of different size. One cart could move on this road, but two oncoming carts could not get past each other.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bR-ucKWsbGw/XuZLLBdAcLI/AAAAAAAAHbU/3maVaxloDe03TgJwJxY3BfKrSkl2ehCcwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_1799.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bR-ucKWsbGw/XuZLLBdAcLI/AAAAAAAAHbU/3maVaxloDe03TgJwJxY3BfKrSkl2ehCcwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_1799.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The old pavement is stretching along the Southern Wall from the south-western corner up to the fortification (Keep) wall</div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Warren">Charles Warren</a> comments this place as follows, <i>«At the southwest angle, and for at least 90 feet along the south wall, we have found a second and less ancient pavement. It is about 20 feet above the first pavement, and about 23 feet below the present surface; it is nearly on a level with the sill of the Prophet's Gateway, and with what appears to have been an old surface under Wilson's Arch... It was under this pavement that the signet "of Haggai, the son of Shebaniah," was found in 1867; and in another shaft at the southwest' angle we have found several fragments of pottery at a depth of about 5 feet below the pavement. Among the fragments are several Greek lamps, one of which has an inscription of Christian origin, similar to those on lamps which have been considered to be of the third or fourth centuries»</i> (<a href="https://archive.org/details/recoveryofjerusa00wilsuoft/page/95">1871: 95</a>).<br />
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Warren was wrong when dated the pavement 3–4th centuries. He was misled by Christian artefacts, which were found not on the pavement itself, but somewhere away from it. Modern archeological excavations put the things right. As the lower course of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty">Umayyad</a> palaces lays 3-4 meters lower of this pavement, it should be dated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluks times</a> or even <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N_ERrV65IXA/XscHzx3_Y7I/AAAAAAAAHWw/34WNu5btnlwoxj2z2dOLT5BsKp-v-IOVwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Temple%2Barea%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Bsouth%2B1931.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1248" data-original-width="1600" height="498" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N_ERrV65IXA/XscHzx3_Y7I/AAAAAAAAHWw/34WNu5btnlwoxj2z2dOLT5BsKp-v-IOVwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Temple%2Barea%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Bsouth%2B1931.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Southern Wall of the Haram esh-Sharif (photo of 1931)</div>
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Until 1967 the pavement along the Southern Wall was covered with earth and bushes and wasn't in use during a few centuries.<br />
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<b>3. The arch buttress and wall protrusions</b><br />
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There is a pointy arch built up with stone blocks near the south-western corner of the wall of the Ottoman period. It is an ordinary arch buttress, which we often see in Turkish constructions, as well as in Jerusalem. In the past such arch buttresses were crucial for constructions located in in areas of seismic activity. This arch incases the first window in the Southern Wall, which belongs to the former al-Maghariba Mosque, which is now the Islamic museum in the Haram esh-Sharif.<br />
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Under this arch buttress at the border of the Umayyad-Mamluks and Ottoman courses there are a few wall protrusions. Researcher refer them to a bridge of the Umayyad's period, like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson%27s_Arch">Robinson's Arch</a>, which connected the Muslim sanctuary with the Umayyad Palace (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSuErBFmykQC&pg=PA112&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Murphy-O'Connor 2008: 112</a>). The remains of this palace, which adjoined to the south-western corner of the Haram complex, are still standing in the Archeological park in Ophel.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9TGg99_cqcM/XunmxynpeVI/AAAAAAAAHc4/dvR22b32Lqcu27atxx0ebasj5p8sFOYGACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Arch%2Bbuttress.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1098" data-original-width="1600" height="438" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9TGg99_cqcM/XunmxynpeVI/AAAAAAAAHc4/dvR22b32Lqcu27atxx0ebasj5p8sFOYGACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Arch%2Bbuttress.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The arch buttress</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4y2iLzgvWoY/XscK9A_B7fI/AAAAAAAAHW8/GO5tqOT37HwVb_CLdlXqyNgqrQOHOGy2ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Warren%2B1884%2BPl%2BXXVII.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1293" data-original-width="1600" height="516" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4y2iLzgvWoY/XscK9A_B7fI/AAAAAAAAHW8/GO5tqOT37HwVb_CLdlXqyNgqrQOHOGy2ACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Warren%2B1884%2BPl%2BXXVII.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Western part of the Southern Wall. Drawing from Warren's book (<a href="https://archive.org/details/planselevationss00warr/page/n21/mode/1up">1884b Pl. XXVII</a>)</div>
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The illustrated edition of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Bahat">Dan Bahat</a> shows the view of the Haram esh-Sharif in the Early Islamic period. A few Umayyad palaces were adjacent to the Southern Wall. It shows how one could climb up the stairs from the roof of one of these palaces to the arched bridge, which led to the Sanctuary just where there are wall protrusions and the pointy arch. Bahat calls this passage El-Walid Gate connecting it with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Walid_I">al-Walid I</a>, an Umayyad caliph.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P9jOnvAjPkw/XscQueUce8I/AAAAAAAAHXI/wu7OAOMAcKQquRlcu1YioSHpwM46EemQgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Bahat%2B083b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="879" data-original-width="1600" height="350" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P9jOnvAjPkw/XscQueUce8I/AAAAAAAAHXI/wu7OAOMAcKQquRlcu1YioSHpwM46EemQgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Bahat%2B083b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Haram esh-Sharif in the Early Islamic period (Bahat 1990: 82–83)</div>
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<i>«The gates dating from earlier times were those that opened on to the Temple Mount</i>, — Bahat says. — <i>A number of historical sources state that four gates existed in the southern sector of the Temple Mount: the Walid Gate, which led from the roof of the central palace to the Aqsa Mosque; the Gate of the Prophet (the Double Gate) which was also renovated during the Umayyad period; and Bab es-Sitta (the Single Gate)»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Illustrated_Atlas_of_Jerusalem.html?id=O_kRAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y">Bahat 1990: 82</a>). Here Bahat skipped the third gate marked in his picture – the Triple Gate.<br />
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The Umayyad Palace was badly damaged in an earthquake in 748 year and fully destroyed in an earthquake in 1033. It is supposed that at the same time the bridge leading to the Haram area fell down. Since that time Ophel district had never been inhabited anymore and had become a site of construction materials. In the end of 11th century, when the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades">Crusaders</a> came, there were only ruins in front of the Southern Wall.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w3nQJzZeKWQ/XscmLYVttVI/AAAAAAAAHXU/oyQrg3cNBc0zKH0swPrcukgwWR0qDhgfgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Haram%2Bash-Sharif%2Bduring%2Bthe%2BUmayyad%2Bperiod.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="896" data-original-width="1332" height="430" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w3nQJzZeKWQ/XscmLYVttVI/AAAAAAAAHXU/oyQrg3cNBc0zKH0swPrcukgwWR0qDhgfgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Haram%2Bash-Sharif%2Bduring%2Bthe%2BUmayyad%2Bperiod.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Though the reconstructions of Bahat doesn't go smoothly, with irregularities in the form of the fact that the protrusions in the Southern Wall, which are considered as the remains of the bridge, are actually not in the Umayyad courses, but the later layers of the small reddish ashlars of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate">Fatimid</a> or even Mamluks times. But it is not crucial. The crucial thing is the fact whether the bridge was a Muslim construction if it ever was at all.<br />
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<b>4. The garlanded cross</b><br />
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This wonderful <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine</a> architectural element doesn't belong to the Southern Wall of the Haram area, as it lays in the first row of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keep">Keep</a> wall course, built by Crusaders and adjoined to the Southern Wall opposite to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque">al-Aqsa Mosque</a>. But this element shows the variety of materials which the builders of the Keep and all Southern Wall were using.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FQDL204PnMs/XscxdhmmHYI/AAAAAAAAHXg/KTr7JB3ozEUURvw1OtxWHXnGXq0caiavgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_1815.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FQDL204PnMs/XscxdhmmHYI/AAAAAAAAHXg/KTr7JB3ozEUURvw1OtxWHXnGXq0caiavgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_1815.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The garlanded cross</div>
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We are likely to see a doorway lintel. Two crosses carved on the lintel of the garlanded cross shows its belonging to a Christian construction. This lintel is supposed to crown the main entrance to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Church_of_the_Theotokos"><i>Nea</i></a>, a great church built by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I">Justinian I</a> in 543 in the south part of the city (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSuErBFmykQC&pg=PA113&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Murphy-O'Connor 2008: 113</a>).<br />
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As for Keep, which the Arabs called <i>Zawiya Khanthaniya</i>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Murphy-O%27Connor">Jerome Murphy-O'Connor</a> tells the following, <i>«a tower, which may have been erected by the Fatimids when they rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem after the earthquake of 1033. Subsequently it was remodelled by the Crusaders, then transformed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin">Saladin</a> in 1191 and later by the Mamluks at the end of the C15»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSuErBFmykQC&pg=PA113&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">2008: 113</a>).<br />
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We really doubt that the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate">Fatimids</a> as zealous Muslims, would block the hallowed by the Quranic tradition front entrance to the Haram esh-Sharif through the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huldah_Gates#Double_Gate">Double Gate</a> and deform it with this fortification annex. Please find below the information about the meaning of the Double Gate in the Islamic tradition.<br />
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Nowadays there is the library of the al-Aqsa Mosque in the former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar">Templar</a> Keep. The UNESCO claims that this library has “one of the most paramount collection of Islamic manuscripts in the world”.<br />
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<b>5. The Double Gate</b><br />
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The Double Gate stands 110 m south-westwards from the corner of the Haram complex, right under the al-Aqsa Mosque. According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a> and other sources, the Double Gate was called <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC_(%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A)"><i>Bab an-Nabi</i></a> (“Gate of the Prophet [Muhammad]”) and was connected with the Muslim tradition <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj">Isra and Miraj</a>. This is the name of a night journey of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad">Muhammad</a> to Jerusalem and his ascent into the heavens. In this place the prophet tied his mule <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buraq">al-Buraq</a> to the wall and came into the Haram area through this gates (<a href="https://archive.org/details/sefernamehrelati01nasiuoft/page/79/mode/1up"><i>Safarnama</i>, p. 79</a>; Grabar 1996: 48; <a href="http://www.askelm.com/TempBook/Temples008.pdf">Martin 2000: 128</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cO7V3GH7I70/Xse2v3zydaI/AAAAAAAAHXs/J3BzpwDwB8AEd3RmDKfmJmzqjanBeqc3gCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2Bin%2BSouthern%2Bwall%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cO7V3GH7I70/Xse2v3zydaI/AAAAAAAAHXs/J3BzpwDwB8AEd3RmDKfmJmzqjanBeqc3gCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2Bin%2BSouthern%2Bwall%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Double Gate</div>
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Thus, the Southern Wall was the main façade wall of the Umayyad Haram esh-Sharif, and the Double Gate was the most important of all the gates. The Muslims think that the Southern Wall is oriented to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca">Mecca</a>, that's why the al-Aqsa Mosque which is closely adjacent to the wall, is also called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque#Al-Qibli_vs._Al-Aqsa">al-Qibli Mosque</a>.<br />
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Some time ago, the Double Gate led to a underground vaulted passageway where there was a staircase which the believers used to climb up to the Sanctuary surface, right in front of the al-Aqsa Mosque. <i>«The reason for the piercing of this gateway was to enable the inhabitants of the suburb lying obliquely beyond to enter the Haram area at their pleasure, without having to pass through other quarters of the city»</i>, — Nasir Khusraw explains (<a href="https://archive.org/details/sefernamehrelati01nasiuoft/page/85/mode/1up">p. 85</a>). At that time the Gate was still working. The height from the pedestal of the Double Gate to the Haram esplanade is about 15 m.<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujir_al-Din">Mujir al-Din</a> describes this underground passageway as follows, <i>«Eastwards under the Mosque there is a big vaulted room with the retaining walls. This room is under the mihrab and lectern. This underground place is called the Ancient el-Aqsa el-Qadima. This is probably the remains of Solomon's constructions what indicates the meticulousness and strength of the course»</i> (<a href="https://archive.org/details/histoiredejrus00ulayuoft/page/124/mode/1up">Ed. by H. Sauvaire 1876: 124</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rklAjq3965w/Xsglj9JpZ9I/AAAAAAAAHX4/KJ8lEhgAh3cyzSDQCGZzAwKzTCiN3Tg_ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Wilson%2B1865%2B13b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1248" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rklAjq3965w/Xsglj9JpZ9I/AAAAAAAAHX4/KJ8lEhgAh3cyzSDQCGZzAwKzTCiN3Tg_ACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Wilson%2B1865%2B13b.jpg" width="498" /></a></div>
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The Double Gate. The photo from the album of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_William_Wilson">Ch. Wilson</a> (1865: 13)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M94RAF9Cmf4/XsmLtiQX8LI/AAAAAAAAHYI/s_CO3_9OQ-QLDUEnWrGaKpwRzPweCyDogCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2B-%2BPierotti%2B1864%2BII%252C%2BPlate%2BXXV%2Bc.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="996" data-original-width="1472" height="432" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M94RAF9Cmf4/XsmLtiQX8LI/AAAAAAAAHYI/s_CO3_9OQ-QLDUEnWrGaKpwRzPweCyDogCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2B-%2BPierotti%2B1864%2BII%252C%2BPlate%2BXXV%2Bc.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The exterior and interior views of the Double Gate in the Haram esh-Sharif in the middle of 19th century. Comparing of the Double Gate image in the Atlas De Saulcy (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eW5BAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">1853 III, Pl. XXIV 7</a>) and the image in the Pierotti book (<a href="https://archive.org/details/gri_33125012263907/page/n110">1864 II, Plate XXV</a>).</div>
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In this image we can see that in the middle of 19th century the surface of the ground was two meters higher than the current level of the pavement. This explains Pierotti's comment, <i>«Under its arch is a grated window; by climbing up to this, it is possible to look into a vaulted gallery below the mosque»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FoTBjgEACAAJ&pg=PA69&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1864: I 69</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-97pj6OsvjEw/XsmMF8yTSoI/AAAAAAAAHYM/NzgSeRalVZ0G1QNIcVjNVWROJf9JNqcUgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2Binterior.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="982" data-original-width="1600" height="392" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-97pj6OsvjEw/XsmMF8yTSoI/AAAAAAAAHYM/NzgSeRalVZ0G1QNIcVjNVWROJf9JNqcUgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2Binterior.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The entrance hall of the Double Gate. The picture of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Haag">Carl Haag</a> (1859)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x2rl2VPbjiU/XsmMZ2BgaUI/AAAAAAAAHYQ/2S9tL8lAfdwNejhBpGLrCv_K1QfJzcWTQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2B%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2.%2B%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B8%25D1%2589%25D0%25B5%2B%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%2B%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%258C%25D1%258E%2B%25D0%2590%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C-%25D0%2590%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1195" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x2rl2VPbjiU/XsmMZ2BgaUI/AAAAAAAAHYQ/2S9tL8lAfdwNejhBpGLrCv_K1QfJzcWTQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2B%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2.%2B%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B8%25D1%2589%25D0%25B5%2B%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%2B%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%258C%25D1%258E%2B%25D0%2590%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C-%25D0%2590%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The entrance hall of the Double Gate. The picture of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Polenov">Vasily Polenov</a> (1882)</div>
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The first Europeans of the New Time who managed to enter the underway passage under the al-Aqsa Mosque were <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Arundale">F. Arundale</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Catherwood">F. Catherwood</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bonomi_the_Younger">J. Bonomi</a> (November 24, 1833); they made the first image of the Double Gate (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UeknAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA85&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Arundale 1837: 85</a>; <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081591327&view=1up&seq=324">Tobler 1857: 308</a>). In January 1842 William Tipping while hiding from the praying Muslims, got into the entrance hall of the Double Gate and made a quick sketch. The researchers who studied this image, concluded that, <i>«the roof, with its arches and groins, and which seems to be a Roman work, whether of Hadrian's or of Herod's time»</i> (Traill 1851: 104).<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Sepp">J. Sepp</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchior_de_Vog%C3%BC%C3%A9">M. de Vogüé</a> noted that the Double Gate consists of two aches (doorways) leading to the big entrance hall where the vaults are supported with a big central column; at the of this entrance hall there are two parallel passages divided with a row of pillars and leading to the upper platform. The central column (probably, a monolith) is quite squat (4 meters), without a pedestal; its top is a simple bulb in the form of a basket decorated with acanthus ornament (<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507287&view=1up&seq=166">Sepp 1863: I 122</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/details/letempledejrusal00vogm/page/8/mode/1up">De Vogüé 1864: 8</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kD3Kj28fpU8/XsmM1KGltAI/AAAAAAAAHYY/nq5srRSUpv4ZwOwYxboz8by08oX4BTCYwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2Bplan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1001" data-original-width="737" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kD3Kj28fpU8/XsmM1KGltAI/AAAAAAAAHYY/nq5srRSUpv4ZwOwYxboz8by08oX4BTCYwCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Double%2BGate%2Bplan.jpg" width="293" /></a></div>
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The plan of the Double Gate with inner dimensions mentioned</div>
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We can also find a description of the Double Gate in the <i><a href="https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesofori00reddrich">Antiquities of the Orient unveiled</a> (1875), <i>«Originally the doors were 18 feet wide and 20 high. In the inside there is an entrance hall 50 feet long and 40 wide, having in the centre a column 21 feet high and 6 feet in diameter, of a single block of limestone. Its capital is ornamented with large leaves, finely sculptured in stone, but not in any architectural order; and resting on this capital are the springs of four arches, which support four domes forming the ceiling of the room. It has been Romanized by four white marble columns which adorn the doorway.</i></i></div>
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<i>From this entrance hall a flight of nine stone-steps (in the midst of which stands a stone pillar oval, 6 feet high by 4 feet in diameter) leads up to a passage 259 feet long, which is divided by piers, pillars, and a wall»</i> (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/antiquitiesofori00reddrich/antiquitiesofori00reddrich#page/n108/mode/1up">1875: 93–94</a>). Besides, Charles Warren tells about the Entrance to the Tomb of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron">Aaron's</a> Sons, at South End of Double Passage below the al-Aqsa Mosque and about the Standing Place of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah">Elias</a>, east side of Double Gate (<a href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00warruoft/page/167/mode/1up">1884: 167–168</a>).</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xqu78X88M_k/XygAYqRBNLI/AAAAAAAAHmw/U-k9WLaJFb4iBBU_51WocoG225pk0emMwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2Bin%2Bthe%2BUmayyad%2Bperiod.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="609" height="246" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xqu78X88M_k/XygAYqRBNLI/AAAAAAAAHmw/U-k9WLaJFb4iBBU_51WocoG225pk0emMwCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Double%2BGate%2Bin%2Bthe%2BUmayyad%2Bperiod.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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The Double Gate in the Umayyad period.</div>
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Reconstruction by <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%91">Meir Ben-Dov</a> (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23670357?seq=3#metadata_info_tab_contents">1972: 114</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Turner_Barclay">J. T. Barclay</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron">J. Fergusson</a> and other early representatives of Templar school maned this gate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huldah_Gates">“The Huldah Gates”</a> connecting it with the ancient Jewish Temple. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_F%C3%A9licien_de_Saulcy">L. F. de Saulcy</a> in his Atlas marked this gate as “Herodian” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eW5BAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">1853: III, 2</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">Ch. Clermont-Ganneau</a> was passionately searching for the fragments of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_Great">Herod</a> colonnade in the vaulted gallery, <i>«I should myself be inclined to recognise another of these gigantic columns from Herod's porticos in the great shaft in the subterranean passage of El-Aksa (the Double Gate) which supports the four elegantly carved stone cupolas, and whose origin has caused so much discussion»</i> (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre01cler#page/258/mode/1up">ARP I 258</a>).</div>
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However, <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5">E. Pierotti</a> looking at these Romanized columns dated them, as well as the next the Triple Gate, back to the times of Justinian I Emperor, and the pointy arch in the eastern part of the Southern Wall – to the period of Crusaders (<a href="https://archive.org/details/gri_33125012263907/page/n53">1864 II, Plate XI</a>, <a href="https://archive.org/details/gri_33125012263907/page/n89">XX</a>). We should note that the researchers of the 19th century supposed the <i>Nea church</i> built by Justinian, was located in the southern part of the Haram area, approximately in the place of the al-Aqsa Mosque (<a href="https://archive.org/details/anessayonancien00ferggoog/page/n143/mode/1up">Fergusson 1847: 117</a>). In fact, the Byzantine Christians did not endue with holiness the territory of the former “pagan” Temple of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)">Jupiter Capitolinus</a>, and even (according to some date) they made a landfill out of it.<br />
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<i>«I made several excavations in front of it</i>, — Pierotti comments the Double Gate, — <i>like those at the south-east corner, and after digging 10 or 12 feet through the rubbish, came upon the foundations laid in the age of Solomon, but could not discover anything to prove that a gate had then existed on this spot»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FoTBjgEACAAJ&pg=PA70&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1864: I 70</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YIA7EybnNWw/XySYqoocGAI/AAAAAAAAHmQ/A-2Fo1kKs2McOHg4VruhbfLzNnWiKzRjwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Simpson%2BWilliam%2B1871%2BPassage%2Bunder%2Bthe%2BAksa%2B.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="996" height="466" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YIA7EybnNWw/XySYqoocGAI/AAAAAAAAHmQ/A-2Fo1kKs2McOHg4VruhbfLzNnWiKzRjwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Simpson%2BWilliam%2B1871%2BPassage%2Bunder%2Bthe%2BAksa%2B.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The entrance hall of the Double Gate. The picture of W. Simpson (1871)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zb6zjhvc_VY/XySY75O65vI/AAAAAAAAHmY/fuEwyRfYlC0C_YS0iuQXI47F93RQO-1TgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Simpson%2BWilliam%2B1871%2BThe%2BGate%2Bof%2BHuldah%2Bthe%2BProphetess.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="998" data-original-width="837" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zb6zjhvc_VY/XySY75O65vI/AAAAAAAAHmY/fuEwyRfYlC0C_YS0iuQXI47F93RQO-1TgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Simpson%2BWilliam%2B1871%2BThe%2BGate%2Bof%2BHuldah%2Bthe%2BProphetess.jpg" width="536" /></a></div>
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The entrance hall of the Double Gate. The picture of W. Simpson (1871)</div>
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A Russian traveler <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Dmitriyevich_Smyshlyayev">D. Smyshlyaev</a> describes the underground gallery under al-Aqsa in 1865 as follows, <i>«Quite big, well dressed stones of the vaults are different in size, what makes you see not a Roman construction. At the southern end of the cave two galleries run one into another; in the spot of the their fusion there is a massive bulky monolith column, and in the line there are two semi-columns leant to the walls. The column caps are decorated with palm trees…A huge size of the stones and the style of the columns show their belonging to the period rather ancient that the Justinian one»</i> (<a href="https://e.gorkilib.ru/node/318927">1877: 116</a>). In the second part of the 19th century the Double Gate became an essential part of the excursion route in the Haram esh-Sharif for European travelers. Almost all scientists, writers and artists who came in Jerusalem at that time, visited this place.<br />
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<i>«They are now popularly called the Double Gate (the western Huldah Gate) and the Triple Gate (the eastern Huldah Gate)»</i>, W. Mare says (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QcxKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA153&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1987, 153</a>).<br />
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The name <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huldah_Gates">“The Huldah Gate”</a> introduced by European researchers of the 19th century, is taken from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishnah">Mishnah</a> Temple description (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middot_(Talmud)">Middot tractate</a> <a href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/b/h/h5a.htm">1:3</a>). However, the description of Mishnah refers to the Jewish Temple of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty">Hasmonean times</a> and is an obvious anachronism. Dan Bahat accepts that <i>«this gate shouldn't be identified with the Mishnaic Huldah Gates»</i> (<a href="https://archive.org/details/TheEarlyRomanPeriodPages312641/page/n92/mode/1up">1999: 49</a>). We don't use this incorrect name.<br />
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The eastern doorway of the Double Gate is blocked with stone blocks. The western doorway is not fully blocked, but turned out to be in the inner rooms of the Haram and serves as entrance from an underground passage to the former Templar Keep — <i>Zawiya Khanthaniya</i>, which is now the Library of al-Aqsa.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hzSnH7UyiiY/XsmPvTYqveI/AAAAAAAAHYs/WhZ9cdFIoCo7wXLxitvKbysQqeb4DDG-ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2B09b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1080" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hzSnH7UyiiY/XsmPvTYqveI/AAAAAAAAHYs/WhZ9cdFIoCo7wXLxitvKbysQqeb4DDG-ACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2B09b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The current view of the Double Gate from within</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0Y_pnjMwaAk/XsmP5fhegUI/AAAAAAAAHYw/k4XyI_e7nAQWYWy5tWaQcPn4zPD7Btk2QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2B11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="843" data-original-width="640" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0Y_pnjMwaAk/XsmP5fhegUI/AAAAAAAAHYw/k4XyI_e7nAQWYWy5tWaQcPn4zPD7Btk2QCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2B11.jpg" width="484" /></a></div>
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The current view of the Double Gate from within</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Fd06pQtELKM/XsmQJZmBKNI/AAAAAAAAHY4/q1CyLngq4cAx7d4KpFU61RAC8RAyktkCQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2B15.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1440" height="360" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Fd06pQtELKM/XsmQJZmBKNI/AAAAAAAAHY4/q1CyLngq4cAx7d4KpFU61RAC8RAyktkCQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2B15.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The current view of the Double Gate from within</div>
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In 1998 the underground doubled vaulted passageway and the entrance hall of the Gate were modified into Muslims prayer rooms under the name of <b>al-Aqsa al-Qadima</b> or <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85">Old chapel of al-Aqsa</a>. The access to the underground galleries for non-Muslims was ceased. Nowadays none of tourists can get into this part of the Haram esh-Sharif.</div>
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In the western doorway, which now leads to the al-Aqsa library, there saved two Romanized marble columns. In the eastern doorway you can see a column from only one side, as another column was blocked at the same time as the eastern doorway. There saved a supporting central column in the entrance hall of the Double Gate, but now this column is strengthened with concrete braces.</div>
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Templar archeological school, commanding nowadays, asserts that the interior of the Double Gate, it has been claimed, is based largely on the original <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodian_dynasty">Herodian</a> layout. The columns and their capitals are all reused, according to this view, whereas the four flat domes with their supporting arches and the central column from which they spring, as well as their respective decorations, must be Herodian in origin. This theory has been repeatedly advocated since the 19th century by various European scholars. It was first raised by J. Fergusson and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Willis_(engineer)">R. Willis</a> (1847), followed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> (1879), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Watzinger">C. Watzinger</a> (1935), and S. Corbett (1952). Like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mazar">B. Mazar</a>, <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%91">M. Ben-Dov</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leen_Ritmeyer">L. Ritmeyer</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Gibson">Sh. Gibson</a> and D. Jacobson, they all held that the extant structure of the Double Gate largely follows the Herodian scheme, constructed to correspond with the layout of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Stoa_(Jerusalem)">Herod's Royal Stoa</a> (<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/6579/publications/5133">Shani and Chen 2001: 1</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Rt1_IVmDn18/XsmQhh5tOAI/AAAAAAAAHY8/_BjoyYtm7ps3P1KwRW768OaRfxBBYcyCACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2Breconstruction.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="945" data-original-width="1600" height="378" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Rt1_IVmDn18/XsmQhh5tOAI/AAAAAAAAHY8/_BjoyYtm7ps3P1KwRW768OaRfxBBYcyCACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2Breconstruction.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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So called “Reconstruction of the Double Gate as was in Herod's time” in the illustrated edition of Dan Bahat. This is how Templar school represents one of the two entrances to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple">Herodian Temple</a> from the Southern side.</div>
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Most zealous of the Christian-Jewish Templars claim that even the middle line of the hall of the Double Gate is a “Temple axis” and is directed to the center of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_of_Holies">Holy of Holies</a> (<a href="http://erwin-reidinger.heimat.eu/HP_Bilder/Temple_Mount_Jerusalem.pdf">Reidinger 2004: 38</a>; <a href="http://truthofland.co.il/temple_mount_part2/temple_mount_part2.pdf">Michelson 2016: 24</a>), referring the latter to the rock protrusion in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock">Qubbat as-Sakhra</a>. It is noteworthy that in this “reconstruction” there are absent four marble Romanized columns, which nowadays decorate the doorway of the Double Gate. These columns don't comply with the ideas of Templar school about the “right”, “<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kosher">kosher</a>” gate of the Jewish Temple; that's why the “reconstructors” deleted them.<br />
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<i>«The ceilings of the passageways had decorated domes</i>, — Bahat tells. — <i>The original decorations from the Herodian period have remained on three of them, partly covered with stucco in the style prevalent in Jerusalem at that time. This style can be seen in decorations in burial caves and sarcophagi dating to this period. These included grapevines, clusters of grapes, rosettas and other adornments»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Illustrated_Atlas_of_Jerusalem.html?id=O_kRAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y">1990: 47</a>).<br />
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Below you can see these decorated domes in the entrance hall of the Double Gate and decide to what prospect they are Jewish.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I83KRzpItzk/XsmQ71ZMitI/AAAAAAAAHZA/RstvvR9Bw44GTR0F2r_FUWsNy74n-zicACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/De%2BVogue%2B1864%252C%2BPl%2BVI.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="847" data-original-width="1272" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I83KRzpItzk/XsmQ71ZMitI/AAAAAAAAHZA/RstvvR9Bw44GTR0F2r_FUWsNy74n-zicACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/De%2BVogue%2B1864%252C%2BPl%2BVI.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Double Gate. Drawing of interior of southwest dome by De Vogüé (<a href="https://archive.org/details/letempledejrusal00vogm/page/n178/mode/1up">1864: Pl. VI</a>)</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kj3nuktnA94/X9-3svj7wuI/AAAAAAAAHsg/HrvyiA-aisccyXulGAseJiKwb-reR9vgQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1627/Double%2BGate%2B1904.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1258" data-original-width="1627" height="494" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kj3nuktnA94/X9-3svj7wuI/AAAAAAAAHsg/HrvyiA-aisccyXulGAseJiKwb-reR9vgQCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h494/Double%2BGate%2B1904.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Double Gate interior. Photo of 1904</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wZC1-zPQvoM/XsmSppwoApI/AAAAAAAAHZQ/WDNhw43UP_U22ivt3Dp25F2Ij6Cc7lbEgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2Bdomes.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1353" data-original-width="1360" height="636" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wZC1-zPQvoM/XsmSppwoApI/AAAAAAAAHZQ/WDNhw43UP_U22ivt3Dp25F2Ij6Cc7lbEgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2Bdomes.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The decoration details of all four domes in the entrance hall of the Double Gate and their layout relative to each other. The north is above, the west is to the left.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IcmghrwZI3Y/XsmU9vPtftI/AAAAAAAAHZo/EbqbpaM66XAf2pD_NW_CE7Jir9gogGlLQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Peleg-Barkat%2B2017%2B134%2BNorthwestern%2Bdome%2Bof%2Bthe%2BDouble%2BGate%2Bvestibule.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="656" data-original-width="951" height="440" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IcmghrwZI3Y/XsmU9vPtftI/AAAAAAAAHZo/EbqbpaM66XAf2pD_NW_CE7Jir9gogGlLQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Peleg-Barkat%2B2017%2B134%2BNorthwestern%2Bdome%2Bof%2Bthe%2BDouble%2BGate%2Bvestibule.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Northwestern dome of the Double Gate vestibule, looking south (Peleg-Barkat 2017: 134)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5iyc4WkXZpw/XsmU9vScd8I/AAAAAAAAHZk/Ba0ejhJc8cUv-8HS4T0AtdKwVj30-2ZgACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Peleg-Barkat%2B2017%2B137%2BSoutheastern%2Bdome%2Bof%2Bthe%2BDouble%2BGate%2Bvestibule.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="951" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5iyc4WkXZpw/XsmU9vScd8I/AAAAAAAAHZk/Ba0ejhJc8cUv-8HS4T0AtdKwVj30-2ZgACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Peleg-Barkat%2B2017%2B137%2BSoutheastern%2Bdome%2Bof%2Bthe%2BDouble%2BGate%2Bvestibule.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Southeastern dome of the Double Gate vestibule (Peleg-Barkat 2017: 137)</div>
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The debates on the dates of the Double Gate or at least the current entrance hall, which have been lasting since the 19th century, are likely to finish with the work of Raya Shani and Doron Chen who showed that it was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty">Umayyad</a> architecture. This is proven by two <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kufic">Kufic writings</a> on west-facing frieze on top of northern pier of hall, to which an Arabic historian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a> who described how caliph <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan">Abd al-Málik</a> built two gates, namely the Golden and Double, in Bait al-Maqdis. Consequently, <i>«the Double Gate need not necessarily be a Herodian structure. The double-vaulted vestibule and the domed hall were built almost entirely by the Umayyads»</i> (<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/6579/publications/5133">2001: 1–7</a>).<br />
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The researchers came to the following conclusion about the decorated domes, <i>«They all are certainly classical features, but they figure in later periods as well, even in a similar style, which again makes them unreliable as chronological references. They could in fact just as well be Umayyad, considering that the first type of decorative band is also found on the Umayyad archivolt decorating the south facade of the Double Gate and in the Dome of the Rock»</i> (2001: 18).<br />
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Though Shani and Chen didn't deny the ideas of Templar school about the Herodian basement of the Double Gate, however, the school felt threatened with researches of this kind. The school could not let any variances from the prior directions accepted in the 19th century or even in the Middle Ages. If we follow Shani and Chen, we can reach absolutely any idea and doubt centuries-old stories about a gigantic Herodian Temple, which supposedly occupied all Haram area.<br />
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That is why the work of Shani and Chen was exposed to critics. Recently an Israeli researcher <a href="https://huji.academia.edu/OritPelegBarkat">Orit Peleg-Barkat</a> decided to prove that the current interior of the entrance hall of the Double Gate should be dated to the same Herodian period and, consequently, refer confidently this gate to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple">Second Temple</a>. Upon that, the presence of two Kufic writings can be explained with the fact that they were supposedly added by Umayyad builders when they were reconstructing the original Herodian Gates.<br />
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<i>«The vestibule’s walls were originally built in the Herodian style, while subsequent to the Herodian period, a decision was made to give the walls a smoother appearance by chiseling out the central boss on the ashlar blocks. It seems reasonable to assume that this chiseling work was done in the Umayyad period, during restoration works on the passageway, when the vaults continuing to the north were rebuilt... The use of ashlars with drafted margins around a central boss, typical of the Herodian Temple Mount, in homogenous and uniform courses in the construction of the lateral walls of the vestibule, points to their Herodian date... Although Umayyad modifications (removal of the central bosses from the ashlars), as well as more recent application of cement, somewhat changed the appearance of the walls, the fact remains that they are originally Herodian»</i> (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/34533929/THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_EXCAVATIONS_IN_JERUSALEM_1968_1978_DIRECTED_BY_BENJAMIN_MAZAR_FINAL_REPORTS_VOLUME_V_HERODIAN_ARCHITECTURAL_DECORATION_AND_KING_HERODS_ROYAL_PORTICO">Peleg-Barkat 2017: 143–146</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_0lE23QQx-8/XuZNiDc-moI/AAAAAAAAHbg/gNf2Hr2DjagRzcUYovX4LB1u6aHcWV5rgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Peleg-Barkat%2B2017%2B132.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="569" data-original-width="453" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_0lE23QQx-8/XuZNiDc-moI/AAAAAAAAHbg/gNf2Hr2DjagRzcUYovX4LB1u6aHcWV5rgCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Peleg-Barkat%2B2017%2B132.jpg" width="317" /></a></div>
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In her reconstruction plan, Peleg-Barkat added two more rooms with four domes to two existing short vaulted spaces with two shallow domes in the entrance hall of the Double Gate, so that the whole construction would comply with width of so-called Herodian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Stoa_(Jerusalem)">Royal Stoa</a>. This portico, according to Templar school, was in the place of the current <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque">al-Aqsa Mosque</a>. We should pay attention that this “reconstruction” also lacks four Romanized columns which decorated the doorway of the Double Gate.<br />
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What did the sources of the Southern Gate of the ancient Jewish Temple say? According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus">Flavus Josephus</a>, «but the fourth front of the Temple, which was southward, had indeed itself gates in its middle, as also it had the Royal Stoa» (<a href="https://archive.org/details/completeworksofj02jose/page/565/mode/1up"><i>Antiquities</i>, XV 11.5 [411]</a>). In other text Josephus reports, «the gates, which gates on the north and south sides were eight, on each of those sides four» (<a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2850/2850-h/2850-h.htm#link52HCH0005"><i>War</i>, V 5.2 [198]</a>). Thus, the Southern side of the Temple had 4 entrances or four gates (πύλας). Though Josephus doesn't report that the gate in the southern part had a form of underground passageways with stairs to climb up to the Sanctuary esplanade. But it wouldn't be too much to describe such an innovative architectural idea, which was unnoticed in other Herodian constructions.</div>
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We should also highlight that almost all modern “reconstructions” of the Southern wall of the Herod Temple depict only two entrances, which are taken for the current Double and Triple Gates of the Haram esh-Sharif. To mark two more gates described by Josephus Flavus seems to be an unsolvable problem for modern reconstructors. Shouldn't we indeed count for separate gates the arches and doorways of the Double and Triple gates, which in total make not four, but five! As we have already discussed when talking about the <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2020/05/the-haram-area-temple-mount-in.html">square form</a> of the ancient Jewish Temple, nothing reveals the religious fantasies of the supporters and followers of Templar school as simple and clear guidelines of primary sources.<br />
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Let us share another thought in favor of the Umayyad origin of the Double Gate and the underground passageway under the al-Aqsa Mosque. Templar school offered a reconstruction of the southern part of the Herod Temple in which there is so called Royal Stoa (38,8 meters wide) along the Southern Wall (Peleg-Barkat 2017: 97). Whereas the length of the underground passageway from the Double Gate to the stairs leading to the Sanctuary surface is 87 meters! According to the Templar school, the Ancient Jews would reach the surface of the Sanctuary much further to the north from the Royal Stoa. It is also difficult to identify this passage with any of the inner constructions of the Temple. To the contrary, if the Double Gate and the underground passageway were made by the Umayyads together with the Haram esh-Sharif establishment, thus it is obvious that the passageway is connected with the northern façade wall of the al-Aqsa Mosque. It means that <b>the underground passageway was built given the dimensions of the al-Aqsa Mosque</b>. In times of Umayyads the dimensions from north to south were about the current ones (83 meters), whereas from west to east — 115 meters. We will refer to these dimensions one more, when we will discuss the underground passageway from the Triple Gate (see n. 8).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nCCrosorUgI/XsmU94vaZDI/AAAAAAAAHZw/kfmuGftMj18f7SXdOoYUuDT5Vga9ig5TACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Peleg-Barkat%2B2017%2B110.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="812" data-original-width="1483" height="350" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nCCrosorUgI/XsmU94vaZDI/AAAAAAAAHZw/kfmuGftMj18f7SXdOoYUuDT5Vga9ig5TACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Peleg-Barkat%2B2017%2B110.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In the reconstruction of the southern part of the Herod Temple, which is being backed up by Templar school (Peleg-Barkat 2017: 110), the exit from the underground passageway is not connected to anything, what shows the farfetchedness of such construction.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aosghLP-NcA/XsmVnMnNnPI/AAAAAAAAHZ4/SwltT8x0SbgTtdBVXxd9Ho6Uco0z76o9ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2B21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="569" data-original-width="767" height="474" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aosghLP-NcA/XsmVnMnNnPI/AAAAAAAAHZ4/SwltT8x0SbgTtdBVXxd9Ho6Uco0z76o9ACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2B21.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In fact, the exit from the subterranean passageway is connected </div>
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with the northern façade wall of the al-Aqsa Mosque.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4Or_b5rbafc/XsmWCdR-2YI/AAAAAAAAHZ8/NAa6A6IEtiEH6h7gllFOR47JsY2CZ_b0gCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Pierotti%2B1864%2BII%252C%2BPlate%2BXXIV.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1179" data-original-width="1600" height="470" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4Or_b5rbafc/XsmWCdR-2YI/AAAAAAAAHZ8/NAa6A6IEtiEH6h7gllFOR47JsY2CZ_b0gCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Pierotti%2B1864%2BII%252C%2BPlate%2BXXIV.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Longitudinal sectional plan of the al-Aqsa Mosque with a subterranean passageway taken from the book of Pierotti (<a href="https://archive.org/details/gri_33125012263907/page/n106">1864: II, Pl. XXIV</a>). F. Aperture in the Wall leading to Subterranean Passage on the West; G. Walled-up Door; H. Monolith.</div>
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However, the representatives of Templar school can comment this as follows, <i>«The Double Gate was refurbished in the Umayуad period, and the Herodian tunnel was elongated to account for the dimensions of the Aqsa Mosque»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EJyhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Milwright 2016: 28</a>). Others think that the passageway was extended northwards during the reconstruction after 1033 earthquake (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pFgmOt7wRHwC&pg=PA34&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Gonen 2003: 34</a>). It's obviously the way to identify the supposed exit from the underground passage with the dimensions of the Herodian Royal Stoa which was supposed to be in this part of the current Haram complex.</div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Warren">Charles Warren</a> reported about this, <i>«This double tunnel at the present extends for 260 feet under the Aksa before it opens on to the Sanctuary, but from the drains and ducts found on the surface, under and alongside the present Aksa, and from the fact of the masonry of the tunnel changing at 190 feet, it is evident that this tunnel originally opened into the Sanctuary at 190 feet from the south wall. The same was found with the double tunnel leading from the Triple Gate. In building the Aksa Mosque it was necessary to extend the passage to 260 feet, and to cut down a portion of the ramp to a more gentle slope to prevent its coming to the surface too soon»</i> (<a href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00warruoft/page/167/mode/1up">1884: 167</a>).</div>
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According to this bold assumption, exists from these two “original Herodian passages” to the surface should be approximately 25–40 meters northwards from the Southern Wall (according to Warren — 58 meters). But there is no traces of these exists found on the surface so far, and this hypothesis of Templar school doesn't find any archeological proof.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BWIJgHDexXM/Xyd5TepsBLI/AAAAAAAAHmk/uaO0mSqI7Oc_ikE_CYruLq28tisejI9kwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Ben-Dov%2B1973%2B80.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="813" data-original-width="527" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BWIJgHDexXM/Xyd5TepsBLI/AAAAAAAAHmk/uaO0mSqI7Oc_ikE_CYruLq28tisejI9kwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Ben-Dov%2B1973%2B80.jpg" width="414" /></a></div>
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The reconstruction of the passage to the Double Gate </div>
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during the Umayyad period (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23617662?seq=6#metadata_info_tab_contents">Ben-Dov 1973: 80</a>)</div>
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Can an early Islamic passage from the Double Gate reproduce a more ancient building, which used to be in this place? It can, but only in one case: if the current building of the al-Aqsa Mosque as well as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Mosque">Umayyad Mosque</a> in Damascus, is based on the foundation of more early building of previous time; this building was similar to the al-Aqsa Mosque in size and function. The Herodian Royal Stoa described by Flavus Josephus, doesn't suit here. A more probable prototype is a building of the Temple <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)">Jupiter Capitolinus</a>, built by the Romans in the southern part of the Haram area. And all this Complex complies in size with the Haram esh-Sharif, or, to be more precise, is a foundation of the Muslim construction. In this case the length of the underground passageway from the Double Gate to the exit to the surface makes sence: this passage would lead to the platform right in front of the Temple of Jupiter.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RxX-_guYdXI/XsmWrNvFE5I/AAAAAAAAHaA/WXLwKDlCzjwfc6RA1iMWYL9m2kdbnTuMwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2B02b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="926" data-original-width="1600" height="370" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RxX-_guYdXI/XsmWrNvFE5I/AAAAAAAAHaA/WXLwKDlCzjwfc6RA1iMWYL9m2kdbnTuMwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2B02b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Roman builders often built subterranean vaulted passages</div>
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Roman builders often built subterranean vaulted passages. The passageways of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona_Amphitheatre">Roman Circus in Tarragona</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphitheatre_of_El_Jem">Roman Colosseum in El-Jem</a> have the dimensions and functions similar to the underground passages from the Double and Triple Gates. Though these passages are not doubled. The Roman engineers were familiar with an architectural construction, which let people climb up to the surface of any building with an inner staircase. One could get to the platform of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Minerva,_Assisi">Minerva Temple in Assisi</a> through two doors in the Forum wall, from where to climb up the side stairs to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temenos"><i>temenos</i></a>.<br />
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Under the corners of the platform of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Roman_Heliopolis)">Great Temple of Jupiter in Baalbek</a> there are huge subterranean vaulted passages. Their purpose id not clear. The passages are 120 meters long, 5 meters wide and 6 meters high. One ran under each side of the courtyard, and a third joined the first two perpendicularly. Over the corridors along each side were alcoves, niches, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exedra"><i>exedrae</i></a> (semi-circular benches), all decorated with statuary and lined with columns. There were eight chambers with doors (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R44VRnNCzAYC&pg=PA99&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">La Boda 1996: 99</a>).<br />
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Outside Double Gate sone can see two richly decorated crossbars of Umayyad times, when the Haram entrance from the southern side was functioning ( “an imitation of Byzantine style” — <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Illustrated_Atlas_of_Jerusalem.html?id=O_kRAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y">Bahat 1990: 89</a>). <i>«It seems very probable that the gateway at first was covered only by the lintels, and perhaps relieving arches, that at a later period the cornice and ornamented arch were added»</i>, one of the first researchers of Jerusalem noted (<a href="http://www.templemount.org/wilson1.html">Wilson 1886: 39</a>).<br />
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The western part of these crossbars was closed because of the Keep building adjacent to the Southern Wall. Archeologists think that this <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keep">Keep</a> (or a Donjon) was built by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades">Crusaders</a>, namely the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar">Templars</a> to protect the Haram complex from the South. Thus, they blocked the entrance to the Haram through the Double Gate, while its eastern part was mured. Probably, the Triple Gate was blocked with stone blocks at the same time, we will consider this further.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TOt4IVgcuXY/XsmXGeGqUDI/AAAAAAAAHaI/etlGeSMLAwwdsDDSo25zhb8qryzWNBKcACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2B07%2Bunder%2B1927%2BRobert%2BHamilton.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="677" data-original-width="509" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TOt4IVgcuXY/XsmXGeGqUDI/AAAAAAAAHaI/etlGeSMLAwwdsDDSo25zhb8qryzWNBKcACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2B07%2Bunder%2B1927%2BRobert%2BHamilton.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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In front of the Double Gate, under the walkway, was a cistern. These steps lead to the cistern.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gTJrS3kb_6U/XunhnuHKdaI/AAAAAAAAHcs/fJW6_65CJvU1URx4b-O7XP3W43r25Vl_wCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2Btunnel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="791" data-original-width="600" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gTJrS3kb_6U/XunhnuHKdaI/AAAAAAAAHcs/fJW6_65CJvU1URx4b-O7XP3W43r25Vl_wCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2Btunnel.jpg" width="484" /></a></div>
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This tunnel led from in front of the monumental stairway to the Double Gate. Photo of 1974.</div>
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That south of the Double Gate a subterranean tunnel, that led lfrom in front of the monumental stairway to the Double Gate to deep below the underground passageway of this gate. There were niches in its walls for holding oil lamps (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27925680?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A39e8978668bc28fe57b99f6d1489c41c&seq=7#page_scan_tab_contents">Mazar 1978: 236</a>). These tunnel were closed off after thorough investigation.<br />
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The researchers compare this Double Gate with so-called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_(Jerusalem)">“Golden gate”</a> in the Eastern Wall of the Haram (doubled as well!) (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FoTBjgEACAAJ&pg=PA69&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Pierotti 1864: I 69</a>; <a href="http://www.templemount.org/wilson1.html">Wilson 1886: 39</a>). The latter was created in times of Umayyads, as it has the same style; and the Arabs called them the Gate of Mercy (Bahat 1990: 79). Like the entrance hall of the Double Gate, the inner space of the Golden Gate is a doubled vaulted room divided with a few columns. In both cases, the walls are smooth and similarly articulated by broad, slightly protruding pilasters capped by profiled capitals, from which the supporting arches of the domes spring. The general dimensions of these gates are quite similar, up to the width of the doorways.<br />
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<i>«The outer width of the side doorway in the Double Gate is 1.85 m, significantly only one centimeter less than the width of the side doorway in the Golden Gate of 1.84 m.3 0 This fact by itself is conclusive proof of the close link between the designs of the Double Gate and the Golden, Gate. The measured length of 1.85 m equals 6 Bethlehem feet (BF, one BF equals 0.3089 m). This, too, is of cardinal importance, since the length of 6 BF figures as the planning module in the designs both of the Dome of the Rock and of the Golden Gate. We can thus conclude that all three buildings belong to the same-the Umayyad period»</i> (<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/6579/publications/5133">Shani and Chen 2001: 7</a>).<br />
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According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a>, <i>«It is said to be that of Hamzah ibn 'Abd al Mutallib, the Prophet's uncle — peace be upon him! who once seated himself here with his shield on his back, and leaning against the wall, left the mark of the same thereon»</i> (<a href="https://archive.org/details/sefernamehrelati01nasiuoft/page/78/mode/1up"><i>Safarnama</i>, p. 78</a>). Now this trace is not visible anywhere, but it probably was in the western part of the Double Gate, which was covered with the Templar building.<br />
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<b>6. The stairway near the Double Gate</b><br />
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It is clear that the date of the Double Gate depends on the date of the large monumental stairway leading to it. These constructions are connected with each other and appeared simultaneously.</div>
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This stairway, excavated in 1971 (<a href="http://www.jpress.nli.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=DAV%2F1971%2F07%2F14&id=Ar00206&sk=3648C6B6"><i>Davar</i>, 14.07.1971</a>), of thirty steps is 64 metres wide, paved with smoothly trimmed stones, and its foundation steps are cut into the bedrock.</div>
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According to modern researchers who follow the Templar tradition, <i>«the large stairway leading to the Double Gate is Herodian: the reconstructed elements are cruder than the ancient stones which are still in the place»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSuErBFmykQC&pg=PA113&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Murphy-O'Connor 2008: 113</a>).</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XjUYFh9UaUc/XsmXkI5ngHI/AAAAAAAAHaU/VFIr44QcD4834hcNSQSO4PMpF4j399xKQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Double%2BGate%2Bin%2BSouthern%2Bwall%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XjUYFh9UaUc/XsmXkI5ngHI/AAAAAAAAHaU/VFIr44QcD4834hcNSQSO4PMpF4j399xKQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Double%2BGate%2Bin%2BSouthern%2Bwall%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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This stairway indeed resembles large stairways of the Temple of Jupiter and Bacchus in Baalbek</div>
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Can we date the stairway and the Double Gate to the pre-Muslim period? Was this gate in the Roman Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus at times of Aelia Capitolina? This stairway indeed resembles large stairways of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Roman_Heliopolis)">Temple of Jupiter</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Bacchus">Bacchus</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalbek">Baalbek</a>. It has the same alternation of a few short steps changing one large — so that the climbing up could have a rest.</div>
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The major part of the stairway is a modern reconstruction, with an open historian part in the foot of the stairs. One can see scuffed marks on the steps.</div>
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To be continued</div>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-50373075539902868062020-05-19T23:05:00.005-07:002020-11-14T06:28:49.131-08:00Haram area (“Temple Mount”) in Jerusalem: The Origin<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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I am starting a series of publication about the main sanctuary of Jerusalem, the third top Islamic sanctuary (after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca">Mecca</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi">Medina</a>) — the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Mount">Haram esh-Sharif</a>. First of all, let's have a look at the walls around the Holy place depicting the most of its centuries-old history of this unique construction. We'll start with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Wall">Southern Wall</a>, the shortest (281 m), but the most important in the Muslim tradition.<br />
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<b>The statigraphy of different stages how the walls of the Haram esh-Sharif were constructed</b><br />
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Even <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Warren">Charles Warren</a> noticed that a part of the Southern Wall westward from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount#Double_Gate">Double Gate</a> looked less ancient compared to other parts (<a href="https://archive.org/details/recoveryofjerusa00wilsuoft/page/92">Warren 1871: 92</a>). In fact, the Southern Wall is 80 or even 85 % a Muslim construction. A few rows of reddish ashlars were built in the period of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty">Umayyads</a>. Above there are some courses of the same reddish stone blocks of a smaller size (probably from the same quarry); this is a construction of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluks times</a>. More higher there is a courses of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>, with small sites of construction works which were carried out in the 20th century.<br />
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<i>«The recent excavations at the Southern Wall, carried out by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mazar">B. Mazar</a>, disclosed signs of five periods of construction</i>, — comments <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/harel-menashe">Menashe Harel</a>, an Israeli author. — <i>The lower courses are Herodian, with the characteristic fine dressing, double margin and slightly prominent smooth boss. Next are the large blocks, smoothly dressed, apparently dating to Aelia Capitolina. These are surmounted by smaller, smooth stones, alternating with discs (cross-sections of columns inserted in the wall), which are probably Mameluke. This section is interspersed with small blocks having very prominent bosses and margins, apparently Crusader. The final courses arc of small stones of later periods. The wall at the south-western corner was 37 m high, and the height of the south-eastern wall was 52 m»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Z2cFY9iGqgC&pg=PA228&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">2004: 228</a>).<br />
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At the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Wall">Western Wall</a> Harel also notices that <i>«Four courses of smooth blocks (apparently from the time of Aelia Capitolina) are visible above the Herodian courses and the wall is surmounted by seventeen courses of small stones of a much later date»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Z2cFY9iGqgC&pg=PA244&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">2004: 244</a>).<br />
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We should sort out this identification of cources of different historical periods. Harel probably skipped the cources of the Umayyads in his description. It was a period building boom of the Haram area as well as the palaces nearby. Right over the lowest rows of the original cources, which Harel referred to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodian_dynasty">Herodian times</a>, he described “big, smoothly dressed blocks”, i.e. a few rows of big reddish ashlars dated to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire">Roman period</a>. It is undoubtedly a mistake! Many modern archeologists refuse this identification, even those who support the Herodian wall basement of the Haram esh-Sharif.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fhiLRBOmy-g/Xr8j14yqDxI/AAAAAAAAHTY/-oGokM3klV0MkX4lx8aBN6-s8TXC1YrigCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Pierotti%2B1864%2BII%252C%2BPlate%2BXXI.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1190" data-original-width="1600" height="476" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fhiLRBOmy-g/Xr8j14yqDxI/AAAAAAAAHTY/-oGokM3klV0MkX4lx8aBN6-s8TXC1YrigCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Pierotti%2B1864%2BII%252C%2BPlate%2BXXI.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The south-western corner of the Haram esh-Sharif.<br />
Image from the book of Pierotti (<a href="https://archive.org/details/gri_33125012263907/page/n94/mode/1up">1864 II Plate XXI</a>)</div>
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Let's mention one more time that over the rows of big reddish blocks there are the rows of the same reddish blocks, taken from the same quarry, but of a smaller size. Both these constructions are closely connected to each other. The cources that is referred to the Romans by Harel, is actually built in the Umayyads times. As for the smaller reddish ashlars, they are for sure the Mamluks construction, as Harel said.<br />
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The big reddish blocks being mistakably referred to the Roman construction, show a perfect example of one ashlar with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Wall#Latin_inscription">Latin inscription</a> which was inserted into the row of the reddish blocks near the Double Gate at the Southern Wall (see: <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2020/06/haram-area-in-jerusalem-southern-wall.html">No. 7</a>). How could it happen that a roman ashlar of the statue basement of the Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninus_Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> got into the wall of the Haram area? It could happen only in case if this ashlar was used for the second time as a construction material taken from the ruins of a Roman city. Thus, it wasn't Roman who built the reddish blocks, it was the builders of the following historic period.<br />
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Generally speaking, the vertical “stratigraphy” of the walls’ building stages of the Haram is a subject of an endless discussion starting from 19th century. At one time, Warren dated these courses as follows: <i>«1. The large stones with marginal drafts. Epoch from Solomon to Herod Agrippa. 2. The large plain dressed stones, from Hadrian to Justinian. 3. The medium plain dressed stones, sixth to eighth centuries. 4. The small stones with marginal drafts and projecting faces, ninth to twelfth centuries. 5. Small stones of various description, recent»</i> (<a href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00warruoft/page/175/mode/1up">1884: 175</a>). <br />
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<i>«The heavy protruding boss ashlars on the Eastern Wall north of the seam, usually dated to the Hasmonean period; the magnificent large paneled ashlars of the Herodian extension; the smaller smooth ashlars of the Umayyad reconstruction; the diagonally comb-chiseled Crusader stones; the small stones with a heavy boss of the Middle Ages (Ayyubid to Mamluk periods); the stones with pecked surface and rough margins of Sultan Suleiman’s rebuilding of the city walls; and various repairs of the wall including the extensive renovations using small stones, following the collapse of part of the Eastern Wall in the winter of 1881»</i>, — reports Jon Seligman (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338716702_Solomon's_Stables_The_Temple_Mount_Jerusalem_The_Events_Concerning_the_Destruction_of_Antiquities_1999_-_2001">2007: 38</a>).<br />
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In fact, only the date of the lower rows of the wall in the Haram area is questionable, as the complex itself was built in the Umayyads times. But the lower cources has a few rows of well-fitted to each other ashlars dressed in the tradition of the Herodian times. The majority of researchers and archeologists, who transferred the views of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem">Crusaders</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar">Templars</a> to the Haram esh-Sharif, referred this original rows to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple">Second Temple period</a> and credited he construction to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_Great">Herod the Great</a> and his successors. It is known that Crusaders declared that the Muslim Haram is the Temple of Solomon or the Jerusalem Temple.</div>
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Though a long time ago the Christians had a location of the ancient <i>Templum Salomonis</i> of the current Haram complex, and that was evidenced by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itinerarium_Burdigalense">Pilgrim of Bordeaux</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arculf">Pilgrim Arculf</a>, and succeeding Christian pilgrims.</div>
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This location was transferred from the Christians to the Muslims, those who built the Haram esh-Sharif. A Persian poet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a> described Qubbat as-Sakhrah (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock">The Dome of the Rock</a>) in his book <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safarnama">“Safarnama”</a> and noted that «Solomon, upon him be peace! seeing that the rock (of the Sakhrah) was the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qibla">Qiblah</a> point, built a Mosque round about the rock, whereby the rock stood in the midst of the Mosque» (<a href="https://archive.org/details/sefernamehrelati01nasiuoft/page/71/mode/1up"><i>Safarnama</i>, p. 71</a>). And he also commented the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>, «It is said, however, that the building was accomplished by Solomon, the son of David, peace be upon him!» (<a href="https://archive.org/details/sefernamehrelati01nasiuoft/page/76/mode/1up">p. 76</a>). Though the Muslim readers of Nasir Khusraw did not perceive this Mosque as the ancient Jewish Temple of Solomon described in the Bible, the name of Solomon itself (in Islam: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam">Suleiman the prophet</a>) was associated with Qubbat as-Sakhrah and Al-Aqsa built by the Umayyads, and thus gave grounds for the Crusaders to treat these dictums as a reference to <i>Templum Salomonis</i>.<br />
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The Christians had a location of the ancient <i>Templum Salomonis</i> of the current Haram area. The 19th-century lithograph depicts Haram esh-Sharif and follows the inscription: <span style="text-align: justify;">“</span>Temple of Solomon.<span style="text-align: justify;">”</span></div>
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The tradition to connect the construction of the Muslim sanctuary Bayt al-Maqdis with the name of Solomon is quite common in Islam, as we can see from the essays of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Maqdisi">al-Maqdisi</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujir_al-Din">Mujir al-Din</a> and other authors.<br />
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The first Jewish author who directly associated the platform of the Haram esh-Sharif with the ancient Jewish Temple, was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_of_Tudela">Benjamin of Tudela</a>. It's worth noting that he visited Jerusalem in the time of Crusaders and commented the following, «The gate of Jehoshaphat, facing our ancient Temple, now called Templum Domini. Upon the site of the sanctuary Omar ben al-Khatab erected an edifice with a very large and magnificent cupola» (<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14981/14981-h/14981-h.htm#bpage_22">Itinerary 1907: 36</a>). This is how the current traditional Jewish location of the Herodian Temple was transferred from the Crusaders to the Jewish. <i>Templum Domin</i>i, i.e. The Temple of the Lord, was the name given by the Templars to the Al-Aqsa Mosque, which they previously modified. But in this case it was de facto the <i>Templum Salomonis</i> modified into Qubbat as-Sakhrah.<br />
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Thought Christians associated the platform of the Haram esh-Sharif with the biblical <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moriah">Mount Moriah</a> a long time ago, the present common used term <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Mount">“Temple Mount”</a> (another version is “Temple Hill”) gained widespread only in the Modern times. The Israeli authors J. Patricih and M. Edelcopp claim that the modern Hebrew analogue of <i>Har ha-Bayit</i> (הַר הַבַּיִת) was already used in the literature of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple_period">Second Temple period</a> (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44092217?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A5a5be8a81ac942eb355cff478bd9d286&seq=2#metadata_info_tab_contents">2013: 322</a>). But there is no such name in the Bible. <i>Har ha-Moriah</i> (הַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה) is in 2 Chron 3:1; in Isaiah 2:2, Micah 4:1, 2 Chron 33:15 there is used an expression <i>Har Bayit YHWH</i> (הַר בֵּית־יְהוָה “the mountain of the Lord's house”), but it doesn't mean the same as <i>Har ha-Bayit</i>. As for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a>, which Patrich and Edelcopp refer to, the Hebrew original text of this book is lost, but in the Greek translation there is τó óρος τοῦ ἱερόυ (“the mountain of the Sanctuary”) (<a href="http://www.biblicalaudio.com/text/maccabees1.pdf">16:20</a>). It's quite difficult to notice the roots of the current term “Temple Mount” in this notation.<br />
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The notation “Tempelberg”, “Tempelberg Moriah” appeared in the German descriptions of Jerusalem of 15–16th centuries (<a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=O6Cs9lxktSwC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Tempelberg&f=false">Von dem untrenlichen 1512: 18</a>; <a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=NQtEAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Tempelberg&f=false">Reißner 1565: 34</a>; <a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=xgtPAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Tempelberg&f=false">Rauwolf 1582: 331</a>). This notation has gradually transferred from German literature into English texts. In 1693 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ray">John Ray</a> wrote “Temple of Moria” (<a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=8oMrAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Temple%20Mount&f=false">1693: 297</a>), “the Temple Mount” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9VFpAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">1693: 289, 312</a>), “the Temple hill” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8oMrAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">1693: 365</a>). Later this term was widespread through the whole Europe, and was taken by the local Jews as the Hebrew adaptation <i>Har ha-Bayit</i>.<br />
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We do not use the notion <b>“Temple Mount”</b> commonly used in the Christian and Jewish literature. First, it is not proved historically, second, it is incorrect and even provocative towards the Muslims. In the meantime from the 7th century the official notion of the Muslim Sanctuary is the <b>Haram esh-Sharif</b> (“the Noble Sanctuary”). That's why such notions as the <b>Haram area</b> or just the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haram_(site)">Haram</a> are acceptable and correct. Another historical notion which is used in Islamic resources is <b>Bayt al-Maqdis</b> or <b>Bayt al-Muqaddas</b> (“House of the Holy”).<br />
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It runs in the commanding nowadays archeological school which inherited the views of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar">Templars</a>, to admire with gigantic size of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_Great">Herod</a> construction, as it excelled even the Roman constructions of further centuries. The authors of this school don't notice that they are stepping on the sharp rakes: <i>«The new compound extended beyond the topographical borders of Mount Moriah and, in fact, doubled the area of the Temple Mount, creating a ca. 14 ha enclosure. The compound is trapezoid in shape and the lengths of its sides are ca. 485 m in the west, ca. 315 m in the north, ca. 470 m in the east and ca. 280 m in the south. This compound was massive even in comparison with other well-known, large temenoi in the Classical world, such as the Temple of Bel in Palmyra or the Temple of Jupiter in Damascus»</i> (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/34533929/THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_EXCAVATIONS_IN_JERUSALEM_1968_1978_DIRECTED_BY_BENJAMIN_MAZAR_FINAL_REPORTS_VOLUME_V_HERODIAN_ARCHITECTURAL_DECORATION_AND_KING_HERODS_ROYAL_PORTICO">Peleg-Barkat 2017: 26</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/details/TheEarlyRomanPeriodPages312641/page/n86/mode/1up">Bahat 1999: 43–45</a>; <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44092217?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A5a5be8a81ac942eb355cff478bd9d286&seq=24&seq=24#metadata_info_tab_contents">Patrich and Edelcopp 2013: 344, 350</a>). Such unstoppable glorification of amazing “architecture innovations” of the local ruler of the Ancient Judaea can cause big doubts: Isn't Herod taken the credits of others?<br />
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Comparative dimensions of the Haram esh-Sharif platform </div>
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and the largest structures of Herod the Great</div>
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Let's suppose the opposite and agree that the lower rows of the walls of the Haram esh-Sharif belong to builders of Herod the Great. These rows were saved (partly at a significant height!) after the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple">Second Temple</a> was destroyed in 70 year AD. According to sources (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassius_Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itinerarium_Burdigalense">Pilgrim of Bordeaux</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome">Saint Jerome</a>, etc.), the Roman Temple of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)">Jupiter</a> Capitolinus was located on the territory of the present Haram area. Wasn't that logic for Roman builders to use quite solid Herodian basement while erecting their Sanctuary? As the Umayyads did when they were building their Haram. And here goes the question: Why don't we observe a roman layer in the wall of the Haram esh-Sharif while the сources of the subsequent periods are seen perfectly? (A mistaken identification of Harel is not counted). Why don't the walls have Roman rows at times of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina">Aelia Capitolina</a> whereas Romans were first class builders and created exceptionally solid constructions in all Mediterranean cities?<br />
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The answer is following: the Roman rows are observable, but we identify it in the wrong way.<br />
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<b>Herodian ashlars of secondary use
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The matter is that these Herodian ashlars are of secondary use. The Roman builders took them from different debris including the round of Herod Temple and used these well dressed blocks as a ready construction material. That is why the original сource of the walls of the current Holy Complex is dated to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire">Roman period</a>, when the colony Aelia Capitolina was built on the ruins of the old Jewish city, and the Jupiter Sanctuary was erected in the place of the future Haram esh-Sharif.<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius">Eusebius of Caesarea</a> wrote in “Demonstratio Evangelica”, «And it is sad for the eyes to see stones from the Temple itself, and from its ancient sanctuary and Holy place, used for the building of idol temples (ειδώλων τεμένη), and of theatres for the populace» (VIII 3; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca">PG</a> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XzbrUZXWLQ8C&pg=PA635&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">22: 636</a>). Eusebuis himself visited Aelia Capitolina many times and was a direct eyewitness. Present-day researchers say the same thing: <i>«The reuse of Herodian-style ashlars is a hallmark of the monumental architecture of Aelia Capitolina»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=st6mDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA333&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Magness 2000: 333</a>; cf. Bahat 1990: 66).<br />
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And during the following times the Herodian ashlars still were the convenient construction material. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire">Romans</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire">Byzantines</a>, later the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty">Umayyads</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluks</a> and even <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottomans</a> willingly used them in their construction. We see the typical Herodian blocks in the basement of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_Gate">Damascus Gate</a>, the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alexander%27s_Court">Alexander's Court</a>, in the walls of the Umayyads’ palaces in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophel#Jerusalem_Ophel">Ophel</a>, in the сources of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)">Old City</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem">Wall</a> built in times of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a>, and also in other places. In general, researchers notice that ashlars, mouldings, column caps, and other elements of Herodian architecture were widely used by builders of the further centuries (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23670351">Mazar 1972: 74</a>; Peleg-Barkat 2017: 29–31, 39–42, 53, 58, 77, 80–85, 89, 111, 156, 159).<br />
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The south-western corner of the Haram esh-Sharif. </div>
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The rows of different historical periods is shown</div>
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The presence of the Herodian ashlars in one or another construction doesn't testify that this construction was built intakes of Herod. This false reference formed a statement, which is being repeated since the Templars' times, that the walls of the Haram esh-Sharif were erected on the wall basement of the Second Temple built in times of Herod the Great. The dimensions of all esplanade (144,000 sq m) were the Herodian ones (Bahat 1990: 42–43; <a href="http://erwin-reidinger.heimat.eu/HP_Bilder/Temple_Mount_Jerusalem.pdf">Reidinger 2004: 3, 14</a>; <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSuErBFmykQC&pg=PA88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Murphy-O'Connor 2008, 88</a>; <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44092217?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A5a5be8a81ac942eb355cff478bd9d286&seq=24&seq=24#metadata_info_tab_contents">Patrich and Edelcopp 2013: 344</a>). This opinion got established even in the respected <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2">Encyclopedia of Islam</a>: <i>«Although much repaired and restored by the Romans, throughout the Middle Ages, and in the modern period, this platform can be assumed to have been a Herodian creation for the Jewish Temple»</i> (Grabar, EI 1971 T. 3: 176).<br />
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But this statement doesn't meet the guidance of historical resources which describe the dimensions of the Second Temple. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus">Flavius Josephus</a>, who eye witnessed the Herodian construction, notices that length of each covered gallery around the Temple's platform, was 1 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadion_(unit)"><i>stadion</i></a>; whereas the whole construction was in the form of a square 185 х 185 m (<a href="https://archive.org/details/completeworksofj02jose/page/563/mode/1up"><i>Antiquities</i>, XV 11/3 [400]</a>). Thus, the Herod's Temple took ¼ or even 1/5 of the esplanade of the Haram esh-Sharif: 8,3 acres out of 36 acres (<a href="http://www.askelm.com/TempBook/Temples034.pdf">Martin 2000: 457</a>).<br />
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In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jewish_War">“The Jewish War”</a> Flavius Josephus describes the Jewish Sanctuary as «a foursquare with a special wall around» (<a href="https://archive.org/details/L487JosephusIIITheJewishWar47/page/n267/mode/2up"><i>War</i>, V 5.2 [195]</a>. The Greek word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82">τετράγωνος</a> means “a foursquare” as well as “a square”. This is how <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Revelation">“The Book of Revelation”</a> describes the future heaven Jerusalem, «The city lies foursquare, and its length equals to its width» (Revel. 21:16). The future Jewish Temple is described as a square structure in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel">The Book of Ezekiel</a> (<a href="http://www.ecmarsh.com/lxx/Jezekiel/index.htm">42:20</a>). It is obvious that the same length for all four outside walls of the Temple was principal for ancient Jews. It means that modern reconstructions of the Herod Temple which represent it as a nonequilateral foursquare or as a trapezoid, violate the principle followed by the ancient Jews.<br />
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Sometimes the words of Flavius Josephus are cited, describing the last days of Jerusalem siege in 70 year AD, «For the Jews, by demolishing the tower of Antonia, had made their Temple foursquare (τετράγωνον), while at the same time they had it written in their sacred oracles, “That then should their city be taken, as well as their Holy House, when once their Temple should become foursquare”» (<a href="https://archive.org/details/L487JosephusIIITheJewishWar47/page/n475/mode/2up"><i>War</i>, VI 5.4 [311]</a>). It was this testimony of Josephus which proves that the Herod's Temple was square till its last days.<br />
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The map of Jerusalem by Titus Tobler (1861)</div>
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The map of Jerusalem by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Tobler">Titus Tobler</a> (1861) depicts the ancient Jewish Temple as a small square taking 1/5 of the platform of the Haram esh-Sharif. The Swiss researcher placed it in the south-western corner of the Haram area. Whereas the correlation of sizes of the Temple and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonia_Fortress">Antonia Fortress</a> matches the description of Flavius Josephus. It's not a coincidence that in his book Tobler calculates the sizes of these constructions in <i>stadions</i> (<a href="https://archive.org/details/drtitustoblersz00toblgoog/page/n748/mode/1up">1859: 639</a>). Southwards from the Temple the researcher depicted the Temple of Solomon, and this depiction turned out to be almost oracular: a century later archeologists really found a palace on this place, but not of Solomon, but of the Umayyads.<br />
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Other maps of 16–19th centuries where the Herod's Temple is depicted as a relatively small square construction: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_figure_de_la_Ville_de_Ierusalem.jpg">1580</a>; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Die_Statt_Jerusalem-17th-century.jpg">17th century</a>; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ierusalem_-_Ex_variorum_Observationibus_accuratissima_-_precipue_Iohannis_Baptiste_Villalpandi...In_hanc_scenographicam_tabulam_redacta_per_Wenceslaum_Hollar_Bohemium.jpg">1660</a>; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Novus_conspectus_Veteris_Ierusalem_ex_authoris_mente.jpg">Calmet</a>; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plan_de_l%27Ancienne_Jerusalem-1740.jpg">1740</a>; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plan_de_la_ville_de_Jerusalem-_telle_qu%27elle_decrite_dans_les_Les_du_Vieux_Testament_mais_particulierement_dans_celui_de_Nehemie.jpg">18th century</a>; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ierusalem_-_Gioanne_Pietro_Fabbroni_delin._Georg_Balthasar_Probst,_Haeres._Ier._Wolffy_excud.jpg">18th century</a>; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ierusalem_-_Ioh._Frid._Probst,_Haeres_Ieremiae_Wolff_exc.jpg">18th century</a>; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ierusalem_aus_den_Schrifften_Iosephi_-_ganz_neu_vorgestellt_von_I.H._coccejo._Christ_Weigel_excud.jpg">Coccjus</a>; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Descriptio_seu_ichnographia_veteris_urbis_Hierusalem_et_locorum_adjacentium.jpg">19th century</a>.<br />
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<b>The сonstruction of the Temple of Jupiter in the place of ancient Jewish Temple</b><br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassius_Dio">Cassius Dio</a> says that the Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian">Hadrian</a> built a new the Temple of Jupiter in the place (ἐς τόπον) of the destroyed Temple of the Jewish God (<a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/69*.html"><i>The Roman History</i>, LXIX 12.1</a>). Scientific literature has a few trials to doubt the authenticity of this statement by Cassuis Dio, but recently Hillel Newman proved it to be quite authentic. <i>«We may reasonably conclude that the Capitolium of Aelia Capitolina was indeed found on the Temple Mount, though we cannot say with certainty precisely where it stood»</i> — the researcher concluded (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/35784619/The_Temple_Mount_of_Jerusalem_and_the_Capitolium_of_Aelia_Capitolina">Newman 2014: 39</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joannes_Zonaras">Joannes Zonaras</a>, an <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epitomist">epitomist</a> of 12th century, transferred the statement of Cassius Dio as follows, «where previously the Temple of the God had stood, another <i>temenos</i> precinct was dedicated instead to Jupiter» (<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca">PG</a> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5bqf317QSwAC&pg=PA995&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">134: 996</a>). In this case he says about <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/temenos"><i>temenos</i></a> of Jupiter (τῷ Διὶ τέμενος), a holy territory around the Temple enclosured with a wall. How big are the dimensions of this territory? In our opinion, in the wake of Roman construction the former Mount Moriah and the ruins of the Herod Temple appeared to be inside of a spacious platform of a new Sanctuary, which excelled the dimensions of the Jewish Temple by several times. Obviously, the structure which adjoined the former Temple, were included into a new construction, such as Antonia Fortress and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acra_(fortress)">Seleucid Acra</a>.<br />
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This was the creation of the Hadrian's builders among other the largest construction of the Emperor time, which anyway excelled in the dimensions the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Claudius">Temple of Claudius in Rome</a> (200 x 180 m), the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Roman_Heliopolis)">Temple complex in Baalbek</a> (282 x 180 m), the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter,_Damascus">Temple of Jupiter in Damascus</a> (305 x 385 m), the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baths_of_Antoninus">Thermae of Antonius Pius in Carthage</a> (245 x 92 m) and finally, Caesareum in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya">Cyrene</a> (95 x 82 m) also built in times of Hadrian. The large-scale construction in Aelia Capitolina was started because of the highest importance of this <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(Roman)">Roman colony</a>, established in the place of defeated hostile city after a hardest and bloodshed battle which had no comparison in terms of its importance and duration, as Cassuis Dio said. An exemplary Roman colony in the place of the destroyed Jerusalem should become an unconquerable outpost of the Empire on the East and at the same time a window case of the Western greatness and magnificence.<br />
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A coin from Aelia Capitolina in times of Hadrian. On the reverse there is Jupiter sitting in the temple between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva">Minerva</a> on his right, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)">Juno</a> on his left. It was a Capitoline triad of deities. </div>
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A roman coin dated back to the Hadrian times. The reverse of the coin depicts the Temple of Jupiter with ten columns on the façade. Much the same temple was built in Aelia Capitolina.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Gm6uGvpZOmg/XsCZ1AkSwkI/AAAAAAAAHUs/lfo3WBbM3Rs9rb3Y6RaMYCGipV8fOiSQgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Coins%2BStatue%2Bof%2BHadrian.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="500" height="198" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Gm6uGvpZOmg/XsCZ1AkSwkI/AAAAAAAAHUs/lfo3WBbM3Rs9rb3Y6RaMYCGipV8fOiSQgCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Coins%2BStatue%2Bof%2BHadrian.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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A roman coin dated back to the Hadrian times. The reverse of the coin depicts an equestrian figure of the Emperor. Much the same figure was in the Jupiter complex in Aelia Capitolina.</div>
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Jewish sources negatively show the deeds of “Hadrian the wicked” who vainly tried to build his Sanctuary in the place of the Jewish Temple, <i>«And we heard that in the days of Hadrian the wicked, God made a sign when he was building the temple to place an image in the temple, and the building fell. And they returned and built it a second time and when they brought the image into the temple, it fell again. And they built it a third time and it fell after its completion»</i> (Sahl b. Masliah, <i>Book of Precepts</i>).<br />
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Thus the Jewish tradition sublimated the tragic dates for Jewish since the suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt. At that time by the edict of Emperor Hadrian the Jews were exiled from Jerusalem and from all Judaea. The newly formed colony of Aelia Capitolina was inhabited only by Greeks and Romans, during a few centuries the Jews were deprived of the possibility to come closer to their sanctuaries. A big number of Latin and Greek inscriptions dated to Roman period, and absence of the Jewish or Arameic inscriptions testifies that the city was pretty much Hellenized and even Romanized (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DnnEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA201&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Weksler-Bdolah 2019: 201</a>).<br />
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<b>The Roman camp-fortress preceded to the Temple complex of Jupiter</b><br />
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It is noticed that the Haram esh-Sharif with its form and sizes is similar to the military camp-fortresses spread throughout the Roman Empire from Spain to Parthia. For example, the Roman camp <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resafa">Resafa-Sergiupolis</a> with space for a legion (5–6 thousand of soldiers) occupies 40 acres or 210 000 sq.m. This trapezoid (552 x 414 x 535 x 348 m) is enclosed with massive walls with towers made of huge stone blocks. Originally, the fortress had four gates, one gate on each side. Approximately, in the middle of the structure there was a <i>praetorium</i> later turned into a Byzantine church. The Roman camp in Resafa is dated 1th century AD.<br />
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Aerial photo of Haram al-Sharif and the Roman fortress of Resafa-Sergiupolis</div>
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In the northern Africa, Numidia province, the camp-fortress <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambaesis">Lambaesis</a>, the headquarters of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_III_Augusta"><i>Legio III Augusta</i></a> was found in times of Hadrian, three years before Aelia Capitolina was established. In the plan it is a regular foursquare (480 x 450 m, 53 acres), facing the cardinal points quite the same as the Platform of the Haram esh-Sharif. Lambaesis camp had four gates, from the main gate in the northern wall the road or <i>via praetoria</i> lead to the central building usually called <i>principia</i> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetorium"><i>praetorium</i></a>. Later a city raised around the camp, which had a status of an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(Roman)">Emperor colony</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vTj0z-GY0gg/XsFFgLlWJYI/AAAAAAAAHVE/OaXGOBKzepsvBI85iVaQc29ah7VaRX8uACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Roman%2Bcamp%2BLambaesis%2Bplan%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="668" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vTj0z-GY0gg/XsFFgLlWJYI/AAAAAAAAHVE/OaXGOBKzepsvBI85iVaQc29ah7VaRX8uACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Roman%2Bcamp%2BLambaesis%2Bplan%2B1.jpg" width="416" /></a></div>
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The plan of Lambaesis camp (Numidia)</div>
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On the premises of the Roman camps there were religious constructions apart from military and administrative ones. In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timgad">Timgad</a> within the camp there were Temples of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)">Mercury</a> and goddess <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(mythology)">Ceres</a>. In the Syrian Resafa-Sergiupolis there were also temples of Roman deities, later transformed into Christian churches. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian%27s_Palace">Diocletian's Palace</a> in Split arranged as a camp-fortress had the Temples of Jupiter, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(mythology)">Venus</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybele">Cybele</a>. The buildings relating to the Emperor cult were also located in the camps. The Temple of Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudius">Claudius</a> took an honorable place in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camulodunum">Camulodunum</a>.<br />
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According to different sources and archeological data, it's known that the Romans set a camp called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_X_Fretensis"><i>Legio X Fretensis</i></a> on the place of Jerusalem destroyed in 70 year AD. 60 years later, at times of Hadrian, the builders of Aelia Capitolina being soldiers and successors of legionnaires and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicus"><i>vicus</i></a> population, closely connected with Tenth Legion, based the construction of the Temple of Jupiter on plans and dimensions of the Roman camp-fortress. It's important to note that for a long time the <i>temenos</i> walls of Jupiter were the only walls in Aelia Capitolina. In case of approaching enemies the fortified Sanctuary was the only asylum for the population of the Roman colony. That is why the construction of the Temple of Jupiter in the form of a Roman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castra"><i>castra</i></a> was quite justified from the military point of view.<br />
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What's more, it's quite obvious that this large construction with area of 36 acres with high massive walls originally was a Roman camp-fortress indeed. And only afterwards as Aelia Capitolina and its civilian population were growing, this military camp started to turn into a strictly religious complex. In 3 century AD the complex was named the temple or <i>temenos</i> of Jupiter, the way Cassuis Dio and Zonaras called it.<br />
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It is telling that because of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project">Temple Mount Sifting Project</a> for the Haram esh-Sharif along with artefacts of different historical periods there are enough artefacts relating to the Roman period, including jewelry, dice, clay figurines and several roof tile fragments with impressions of the Tenth Legion (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43588780?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A7724dac2610468bdadfa426d63cb9042&seq=320#metadata_info_tab_contents">Adler 2011: 319</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/29497923/Gabriel_Barkay_and_Zachi_Dvira_Relics_in_Rubble_The_Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project_BAR_nov_dec_2016">Barkay and Dvira 2016: 54</a>). Thus the presence of Roman soldiers in the territory that is now the Muslim Haram — is an ascertained fact. On the upper border of one of the Herodian Ashlars of the Western Wall there is a short Latin inscription ...DOMITHFIRMI — “Centuria of Domitius Firmus”. Researchers think this inscription means a place designated for the military group under the command of Domitius Firmus (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43588780?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A7724dac2610468bdadfa426d63cb9042&seq=347#metadata_info_tab_contents">Di Segni 2011: 347–348</a>).<br />
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Stamps impressions of the <i>Legio X Fretensis</i> (LXF) found during excavations in Jerusalem</div>
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For a long time archeologists were searching the remains of the Roman camp in the western part of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)">Old City</a>, in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Quarter">Armenian</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Quarter">Christian</a> quarters. They were guided by the direction of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus">Flavius Josephus</a> that the portion of the wall enclosing the city on the west served for the camp establishment (στρατόπεδον) (<a href="https://archive.org/details/L487JosephusIIITheJewishWar47/page/n513/mode/2up"><i>War</i>, VII 1.1 [1–2]</a>). But none of these efforts to find a Roman fortress in this place were successful. They came to a conclusion that <i>«no archaeological remains have been attributed with certainty to the military camp and its site has not yet been identified»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DnnEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Weksler-Bdolah 2019: 21–22</a>), <i>«But there was never any organized and planned Roman military camp with a wall around it in Jerusalem»</i> (<a href="http://cojs.org/wp-content/uploads/Roman_Jerusalem.pdf">Geva 1997: 8</a>), <i>«Clearly, the finds discovered thus far do not match expectations. H. Geva concluded that a legionary camp did not exist here in the traditional sense. More likely, there was only a vexillatio in Jerusalem»</i> (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/33789802/Aelia_Capitolina_2007_">Bieberstein 2007: 137</a>).<br />
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Recently the views were updated and a new searching direction was presented. B. Isaac in 1990 suggested, the military camp might have been on the Haram area or in the northern part of the city, where no excavations had yet been carried out. At <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra">Palmyra</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxor">Luxor</a>, he added, the Roman army established a military headquarters in a former sanctuary (Isaac 1990: 427; <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DnnEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Weksler-Bdolah 2019: 23–24</a>). The modern researchers suppose that Aelia Capitolina was divided into two parts: a military one, located on “the Temple Mount”, and a civilian one, located westward from “the mont”. An Israeli archeologist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat_Mazar">Eilat Mazar</a> developped a hypothesis that starting from 70 year AD the military camp of the Tenth Legion was by half located on “the Temple Mount” in its south-eastern part, and by half – westwards from the platform of Haram esh-Sharif. As a result of the excavations carried out from 1968 to 1978 at the foot of the south-western corner of the Haram area, Mazar and her team discovered remains of the camp wall, a big bathhouse and a bakery, which served the needs of legionnaires, and also numerous artefacts related to the Roman period (Mazar 2002: 66–68; Skupińska-Lovset 2016: 76; <a href="http://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11089/22370/Praca%20Doktorska%20Tomasz%20Janczewski%20Dobra.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Janczewski 2016: 151</a>; <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DnnEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Weksler-Bdolah 2019: 23</a>).<br />
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E. Mazar says the following: <i>«In summary, the finds from B. Mazar's excavations presented here point to a settlement pattern in Late Roman Jerusalem that differs from the commonly accepted view in proposing two stages for the Tenth Legion's stay in the city. In the second stage, with the rising threat of Jewish rebellion, the legionary camp was moved to the Temple Mount enclosure and the area at the foot of its southwestern corner. This development was part of the renewed planning of Jerusalem as a Roman city during the reign of Hadrian»</i> (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43588780?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A08fa8fe10b0d6bb3916213adc692d0c2&seq=14#page_scan_tab_contents">Mazar 2011: 7</a>).<br />
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We can agree with E. Mazar's hypothesis, but with one substantive clarification, that the military camp of the Tenth Legion and the military part of the colony Aelia Capitolina took not a “some part” of the current territory of the Haram esh-Sharif, but the whole platform, in accordance with regular dimensions of Roman military camps. However, as we see, the formation of the military camp, and later the Temple complex of Jupiter Capitolinus was happening in a few stages.<br />
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<b>Three stages of formation of the Temple complex of Jupiter in Aelia Capitolina</b><br />
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During the <b>first stage in 70−131 years AD</b> there was a foursquare military camp <i>Legio X Fretensis</i> in the territory of the current Haram, which included regular military warehouses, maintenance buildings, bathhouses and soldier barracks. Approximately in the center of the camp on the pedestal there was a <i>principia</i> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetorium"><i>praetorium</i></a>. It was an octagon building which supposedly was located in the place of the current <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock">Qubbat as-Sakhrah</a>, where solid rock is still breaking the surface.<br />
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Of course, the legionnaires held religious ceremonies and even erected the statues of deities in the camp. A Syrian religious writer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Bar-Salibi">Dionysius Bar-Salibi</a> commented the following, «On this <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome">Hippolytus</a> says... Now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespasian">Vespasian</a> did not set up in the Temple an idol, but that Legion which Trajanus Quintus placed, a chief man of the Romans: he set up the idol there which is called <i>Kôre</i>» (<a href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/dionysius_syrus_revelation_01.htm#C6">Ms. Rich. 7185</a>). This means the ceremony of the Greek goddess <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephone">Kore-Persephone</a> which was exercised in the territory of the former Jewish Temple followed with a reference to the times of Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajan">Trajan</a> (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235911652_The_Religious_and_Cultural_World_of_Aelia_Capitolina_-_A_New_Perspective">Friedheim 2007: 127</a>). For a time <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">Ch. Clermont-Ganneau</a> considered the word <i>Kôre</i> distorted in the Syrian adaptation of the word Κάισαρος, i.e. “Caesar”, and he supposed that it was about the image and statue of the Emperor (<a href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1903_num_47_6_19529">1903: 492</a>).<br />
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Camp of Tenth Legion, 70–131 AD</div>
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Why did the Romans decide to establish their camp-fortress in this very place? The fortification advantages of this area were of high priority. As a rule, permanent camps of the Roman army were preferably established in sites having topographic and strategic advantages. The same goes for the destroyed in 70 year north-western area of Jerusalem — together with the ruins of the Jewish Temple it was most advantageous in terms of fortification. Its eastern side was a steep slope to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidron_Valley">Kidron Valley</a>; southern side had the same slope to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gehenna">Hinnom Valley</a>; western side was with a slope to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyropoeon_Valley">Tyropoeon Valley</a>. The northern side could be fortified with a high and solid wall. However, this rocky area wasn't as wide to hold the whole Legion. That's why the camp builders had to build a wide platform with high corners. Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, who by default places the camp of the Tenth Legion in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Quarter">Armenian quarter</a>, however, notices that the Romans had a good strategic control over the district from the top of the Temple complex, especially eastwards (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DnnEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA37&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">2019: 37</a>).<br />
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The original dimensions of the camp of the Tenth Legion in the territory of the current Haram were about 350 x 280 m. The Roman fortresses besides the mentioned Lambaesis and Resafa-Sergiupolis are quite similar in terms of dimensions and interior, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timgad">Timgad</a> (380 x 330 m), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosra">Bosra</a> (420 x 370 m), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potaissa_(castra)">Potaissa</a> (500 x 350 m), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petavonium">Petavonium</a> (250 x 200 m). It was the most popular type of a Roman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castra"><i>castra</i></a>.<br />
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The <b>second stage (131–161 years AD)</b> lasted since the Roman colony was established at times of Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian">Hadrian</a> and till the end of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninus_Pius">Antoninus Pius</a>. The camp-fortress was fortified in accordance with the status and strategic role of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina">Aelia Capitolina</a>; the camp was obviously extended to the south (the so-called “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Temple_Mount_Seam_200509.jpg">seam</a>” on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Wall">Eastern Wall</a> of the Haram esh-Sharif not far away from the south-eastern corner testifies that). Also the camp might have been extended to the north. Actually the construction works were carried out almost unstoppably since the camp was formed. The status of the Roman colony gave a new impulse to these works and made them more large-scale. As a result, there was build a trapezoid with dimensions of 488 x 315 x 470 x 281 m (144, 000 sq.m.).<br />
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During this stage a foursquare the Tepmle of Jupiter was built in the southern part of the fortress (supposedly on the spot of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>), which was depicted on the coins since the Hadrian ruling. An equestrian statue of Hadrian Emperor is set in front of the Tepmle (probably in the place of the al-Qas fountain). The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itinerarium_Burdigalense">Pilgrim of Bordeaux</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome">Saint Jerome</a> saw this statue in 4th century AD. Later in the territory of the camp there was established a statue in honor of Antonius Pius. The Pilgrim of Bordeaux also mentioned it. It's hard to tell where exactly the statue was, but its presence is proved by the Latin inscription on one of the ashlars in the south wall of the Haram esh-Sharif. Some people even think that the statues of both Emperors were located not outside, but insie the Temple of Jupiter.<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Temple complex of Aelia Capitolina, 131–286 AD</div><br />
Remember the message of Cassuis Dio that Emperor Hadrian built a new the Temple of Jupiter in the place (ές τόπον) of the destroyed Temple of the Lord. No doubt, that Hadrian and citizens of Aelia Capitolina knew the place of the Jewish Temple which had been destroyed 60 years earlier. Of course, the builders of the camp-fortress wereguided not only by fortification and other ideas, but also by ideology. The construction of the Roman Temple in the place of the defeated hostile sanctuary was a symbol of victory of all-imperial religion over “barbaric superstition” as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism">Judaism</a> was considered. In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage">Carthage</a> the Roman Capitolium was also built on the ruins of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punics">Punic</a> Temple.<br />
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Finally, during the <b>third stage (161–286 years AD)</b> religious functions of the buildings prevailed military ones, and the camp-fortress was gradually transformed into <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Capitolium">Capitolium</a> or the Temple complex of Jupiter Capitolinus. Probably, after a while the octagon <i>principia</i> lost its military functions and was transformed into a Temple of one of the most important Roman goddesses, — it might be <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva">Minerva</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(mythology)">Venus</a>. It's curious that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astarte">Astarte</a> goddess is an Asian analogue of Venus, and the holy symbol of hers was an eight-pointed star.<br />
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As earlier, there were gates and entrances to this Complex in all four walls. You can localize at least three entrances. The entrance from the north side was located in the place of the current <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount#Gate_of_Darkness">Gate of Darkness</a>, from where <i>via praetoria</i> was leading to <i>principia</i>. The entrance from the southern side coincides with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount#Double_Gate">Double Gate</a> of the Haram esh-Sharif. As for the two left, we definitely can talk about the western one which coincided with the current <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount#Chain_Gate">Chain Gate</a> and so called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson%27s_Arch_(Jerusalem)">Wilson's Arch</a>. As some archeologists think, the Arch cuts the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Wall">Western Wall</a>, with the stones of the latter adapted to fit the Arch, in order to repair the west-to-east bridge, as part of the Roman construction of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decumanus_Maximus">Decumanus Maximus</a> of Aelia Capitolina, which led to the Temple of Jupiter that was erected on the Haram area (<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03344355.2019.1650499">Uziel, Lieberman and Solomon 2019: 240</a>).<br />
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The west-to-east bridge, as part of the Roman construction<br /> of the Decumanus Maximus of Aelia Capitolina</div>
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However, soldier barracks, maintenance buildings were likely in the premises of Capitolium up to 286 year AD, when at Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian">Diocletian</a> times, the Tenth Legion was moved to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqaba">Aela</a>. At that time, as the researchers think a city wall enclosing the housing quarters of Aelia Capitolina was built (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/33789802/Aelia_Capitolina_2007_">Bieberstein 2007: 147</a>; <a href="http://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11089/22370/Praca%20Doktorska%20Tomasz%20Janczewski%20Dobra.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Janczewski 2016: 67</a>).<br />
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In 333 year the Pilgrim of Bordeaux didn't find any traces of the Tenth Legion presence in the territory of the Temple. He described the premises of the current Haram, though it is not clear whether the Roman Sanctuary continued to function at that time. The inscription «<i>In aede ipsa, ubi Templum fuit, quem Salomon aedificauit</i> — The building, where stood the temple which Solomon built» (<a href="https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti01paleuoft/page/n114/mode/1up">p. 591</a>) probably means the octagon building, to be precise, its ruins in the middle of the area. The notation <i>Salomon palatium</i> (p. 590) can be considered as the remains of the Temple of Jupiter in the southern part of the territory. And later the Christians pointed two these buildings in the Haram esh-Sharif, «Mount Moriah, which was a rock, seems to have been chiefly taken up by the Temple, and Solomon's house to the south of it» (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n37/mode/1up">Pococke 1745, II 14</a>).<br />
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Unlike Newman (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/35784619/The_Temple_Mount_of_Jerusalem_and_the_Capitolium_of_Aelia_Capitolina">2014: 38</a>) we think that the Pilgrim of Bordeaux made quite a detailed description of the former Roman Sanctuary, though he didn't call it “Roman”. And here goes the question: could the Gallic Christian Pilgrim take ordinary Roman temples for Biblical structures? Yes, he could, in case by that time the Christians got the tradition to interpret different constructions on the Temple platform in this way.<br />
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The statue of Hadrian Emperor continued to stand till the end of 4th century. By that time the Christian tradition had linked this statue with the place of the ancient Jewish Temple, and Saint Jerome commented this, «the equestrian statue of Hadrian, which stands to the present day in the very location of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_of_Holies">Holy of Holies</a>» (Comm. on Matthew, 24:15; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrologia_Latina">PL</a> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UfkUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA177&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">26: 177</a>). Later he wrote, «Where once was the Temple and the reverence of God, there is a statue of Hadrian, and an idol of Jupiter has been erected» (Comm. on Isaiah, 2:9; PL <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mHTciI6-7dcC&pg=PA49&re dir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">24: 49</a>). The words “idol of Jupiter” (<i>Jovis idolam</i>) likely relate to the Temple of Jupiter which was still standing in the southern part of the Capitolium.<br />
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<b>Conclusion</b><br />
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In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine</a> Aelia the Roman sanctuary after having turned into a “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paganism">pagan temple</a>” was left and abandoned. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutychius_of_Alexandria">Eutychius of Alexandria</a> expressly tells us that — <i>«when Helena, the mother of Constantine, had built churches at Jerusalem, the site of the Rock </i>(i.e. the Octagonal Temple, which later became Muslim the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>)<i> and its neighbourhood had been laid waste, and so left. But the Christians heaped dirt on the Rock so that there was a large dunghill over it»</i> (<a href="https://avande1.sites.luc.edu/jerusalem/sources/eutychius.htm"><i>Annales</i>, p. 189–190</a>).<br /><br />
It is strange that the Christian Pilgrim from a faraway <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux">Burdigala-Bordeaux</a> actually paid attention to this place. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egeria_(pilgrim)">Pilgrim Egeria</a> who visited Jerusalem at the same time didn't cover the Haram in her description at all. The same about the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_of_Rome">Pilgrim Pavla</a>, she skipped this place when describing the voyage of the Saint Jerome. In general, Byzantine Christians didn't feel anything sacred towards the Haram platform, though they ran some maintenance structures there. This confirms by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a>, “the place [of the former Temple] is now given over to the growing of cucumbers (<a href="https://greek_greek.enacademic.com/154060/%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%AE%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD">σικυηλάτων</a>)” (<i>Catechetical Lectures</i>, 16: 18; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca">PG</a> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eb4UAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA943&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">33: 944</a>), and by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius">Eusebius of Caesarea</a> “is a Roman farm like the rest of the country, yea, with my own eyes I have seen the bulls plowing there, and the sacred site sown with seed” (<i>Demonstratio Evangelica</i>, VIII 3; PG <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XzbrUZXWLQ8C&pg=PA635&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">22: 636</a>)<br />
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It's noteworthy, that on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madaba_Map">Madaba mosaic map</a> (6th century) we see an extremely small place given to the former <i>temenos</i> of Jupiter. There are just one or two structures in this place on the map. In the meantime the Haram area then and now takes ¼ of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)">Old City</a> and is still most significant building in Jerusalem.<br />
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The walls of the Roman Capitolium made of Herodian ashlars, were gradually taken to pieces and used as a construction material, but for Byzantine constructions (for example, for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Church_of_the_Theotokos"><i>Nea</i> church</a>, built in times of Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I">Justinian I</a> on the southern part of the City). By 638 year when the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(636%E2%80%93637)">Muslims came</a>, the Western Wall had been taken to pieces and ruined almost by half, the Southern Wall – ruined by 4\5, the Eastern one — by 9\10. Only the basement of the Roman cources was left — the rows of Herodian ashlars and other stone blocks. Somewhere this cources was left at a significant height, somewhere — got fully damaged. These very foundations of the Temple complex of Aelia Capitolina had served as a basement for the Muslim construction of the Haram esh-Sharif; and this is what we noticed in all its walls.<br />
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In the anonymous text of the 7th century written in Georgian there is a testimony of some Theodorus, <i>«Saracens Atheists entered the Holy city of Christ, our Lord, Jerusalem… and right after having run, they arrived at the place that we call the Capitol. They took people with them to… clean up this place and build a mosque».</i> The second testimony of the same time, preserved in Greek, belongs to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasius_Sinaita">Anastasius Sinaita</a>, who says: <i>«Thirty years ago I was living in the Holy City, on the Mount of Olives, when the multitude of Egyptians cleared the Capitol</i> (τὸ Kαπιτόλιν)<i>»</i> (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44089200?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A2702770bf3d7a416d203c7fb5717f1ea&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents">Murphy-O'Connor 1994: 408</a>; <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23671410?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Ac2513dbb4632463966a369440f86199e&seq=4#page_scan_tab_contents">Belayche 1997: 390</a>).<br />
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According to Arab sources, the Byzantines arranged a landfill on this site, collecting household waste and excrement from all over the city. When caliph <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar">Umar</a> entered the Holy City, he commanded to clean up the worshipped by the Muslims area of the Haram from all kinds of impurities. At the same time, the first Muslim religious objects were built — at first, temporary, wooden. Under the caliph <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan">Abd al-Malik</a>, stone structures appeared, primarily the Qubbat al-Sahrah and the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty">Umayyads dynasty</a> took up the re-erection and fortification of the entire Holy Complex.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wL4T9-eyROo/XsLReqkjPfI/AAAAAAAAHWA/_9BdtI0Xe2wJA60EgjU__hnPiR-3RixTACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Enclosure%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bthe%2BTemple%2BJerusalem%2B1848.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1069" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wL4T9-eyROo/XsLReqkjPfI/AAAAAAAAHWA/_9BdtI0Xe2wJA60EgjU__hnPiR-3RixTACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Enclosure%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bthe%2BTemple%2BJerusalem%2B1848.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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“Enclosure of the the Temple Jerusalem”. Lithography of 1848</div>
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Modern supporters of the location of the ancient Jewish Temple near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gihon_Spring">Gihon spring</a>, starting from an American pastor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_L._Martin">Ernest Martin</a>, think that it was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonia_Fortress">Antonia Fortress</a> that took the whole territory of the current Haram esh-Sharif before 70 year AD; and it was a full-featured Roman camp where after 70 year the Tenth Legion was based (<a href="http://www.askelm.com/temple/t001211.htm">Martin 2000b</a>). As a matter of fact, this idea didn't appear accidentally. E. Martin and his followers were guided by a comparison of regular Roman camp-fortresses and the Haram area. Here <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_Great">Herod the Great</a> is thought a creator of a huge platform, who <i>«would have followed the traditional guidelines of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus">Augustus</a> in his construction of any permanent fortress in the Jerusalem area»</i> (<a href="http://www.askelm.com/TempBook/Temples004.pdf">Martin 2000: 65</a>).<br />
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On the whole we do not support the location of the Herod's Temple in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_David">City of David</a>, as well as the assimilation the Haram esh-Sharif with Antonia Fortress. Regardless the High-sounding words of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus">Flavius Josephus</a> that this Fortress had it seemed a city (πόλις εἶναι δοκεῖν) (<a href="https://archive.org/details/L487JosephusIIITheJewishWar47/page/n283/mode/1up"><i>War</i>, V 5.8 [241]</a>), there is no reason to consider Antonia so big to excel the dimensions of the Herod's Temple and took the whole platform of the Haram. Again Flavius Josephus says that the common periphery of the Herod's Temple, including Antonia Fortress, counted six <i>stadions</i> (776 m) (<a href="https://archive.org/details/L487JosephusIIITheJewishWar47/page/n265/mode/1up"><i>War</i>, V 5.2 [192]</a>), which is twofold less the common length of the walls of the Haram esh-Sharif (1544 m). A usual notion of Antonia by Josephus is <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD">φρούριον</a> (fortress, citadel), and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitus">Tacitus</a> calls it even “a tower” (<i>turris</i>) (<a href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.102585/page/n221/mode/1up"><i>History</i>, V 11.2</a>). Josephus marks the military camp with another word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD">στρατόπεδον</a>, and never uses it for Antonia.<br />
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Nevertheless, we verify the significant fallback of E. Martin and his followers from the traditional postulated of the commanding archeological school and movement towards Roman origins of the main Sanctuary of Jerusalem. In any case, our views coincide in three points: 1) the ancient Jewish Temple was always a square (<a href="http://www.askelm.com/TempBook/Temples031.pdf">Martin 2000: 412</a>); 2) it was much smaller compared to the traditionalist school; 3) Roman Tenth Legion was based in the territory of the current Haram esh-Sharif (<a href="http://www.askelm.com/temple/t001211.htm">Martin 2000b</a>).<br />
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<b>References</b></div>
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Adler 2011 — <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43588780?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A7724dac2610468bdadfa426d63cb9042&seq=320#metadata_info_tab_contents">Adler N. <i>Stamp impressions on the Tenth Legion from the Temple Mount excavations.</i></a> The Temple Mount excavations in Jerusalem 1968–1978 directed by Benjamin Mazar: Final Reports. Volume IV: The Tenth Legion in Aelia Capitolina. Qedem, Vol. 52 (2011). Pp. 319–346.<br />
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Bahat 1990 — <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Illustrated_Atlas_of_Jerusalem.html?id=O_kRAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y">Bahat D. <i>The Illustrated Atlas of Jerusalem.</i> Jerusalem, 1990.</a><br />
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Bahat 1999 — <a href="https://archive.org/details/TheEarlyRomanPeriodPages312641/page/n81/mode/1up">Bahat D. <i>The Herodian Temple.</i></a> The Cambridge History of Judaism, Vol. 3 (1999): The Early Roman Period. Pp. 38–58.<br />
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Barkay and Dvira 2016 — <a href="https://www.academia.edu/29497923/Gabriel_Barkay_and_Zachi_Dvira_Relics_in_Rubble_The_Temple_Mount_Sifting_Project_BAR_nov_dec_2016">Barkay G. and Dvira Z. <i>"Relics in Rubble: The Temple Mount Sifting Project".</i></a> BAR, nov/dec 2016. Pp. 44–55.<br />
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Belayche 1997 — <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23671410?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Ac2513dbb4632463966a369440f86199e&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">Belayche N. <i>Du Mont du Temple au Golgotha: le Capitole de la colonie d'Aelia Capitolina.</i></a> Revue de l'histoire des religions. Vol. 214, No. 4 (1997). Pp. 387–413.<br />
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Bieberstein 2007 — <a href="https://www.academia.edu/33789802/Aelia_Capitolina_2007_">Bieberstein K. <i>Aelia Capitolina.</i></a> Jerusalem before Islam. Edit. by Z. Kafafi, R. Schick. BAR, 2007. Pp. 134–168.<br />
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Clermont-Ganneau 1903 — <a href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1903_num_47_6_19529">Clermont-Ganneau Ch. <i>Inscriptions de Palestine.</i></a> Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 47ᵉ année, No. 6, 1903. Pp. 479–495.<br />
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Di Segni 2011 — <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43588780?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A7724dac2610468bdadfa426d63cb9042&seq=347#metadata_info_tab_contents">Di Segni L. <i>A Latin inscription on the Western Wall.</i></a> The Temple Mount excavations in Jerusalem 1968–1978 directed by Benjamin Mazar: Final Reports. Volume IV: The Tenth Legion in Aelia Capitolina. Qedem, Vol. 52 (2011). Pp. 347–348.<br />
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Friedheim 2007 — <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235911652_The_Religious_and_Cultural_World_of_Aelia_Capitolina_-_A_New_Perspective">Friedheim E. <i>The Religious and Cultural World of Aelia Capitolina – A New Perspective.</i></a> Archiv orientální, 75 (2007). Pp. 125–152.<br />
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Geva 1997 — <a href="http://cojs.org/wp-content/uploads/Roman_Jerusalem.pdf">Geva H. <i>Roman Jerusalem. Searching for Roman Jerusalem.</i></a> BAR, 23:06 (Nov/Dec 1997).<br />
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Harel 2004 — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Z2cFY9iGqgC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">Harel M. <i>Golden Jerusalem</i>. Jerusalem, 2004.</a><br />
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Isaac 1990 — <a href="https://books.google.ru/books?hl=ru&id=C0ptAAAAMAAJ">Isaac B. <i>The Limits of Empire: The Roman Army in the East</i>. Oxford, 1990.</a><br />
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Janczewski 2016 — <a href="http://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11089/22370/Praca%20Doktorska%20Tomasz%20Janczewski%20Dobra.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Janczewski T. <i>Aelia Capitolina – Roman Jerusalem and the military camp of the X Legion “Fretensis"</i>. Łódź, 2016.</a><br />
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Lieberman, Solomon and Uziel 2019 — <a href="https://www.academia.edu/41648038/Wilsons_Arch_150_Years_of_Archaeological_and_Historical_Exploration">Lieberman T., Solomon A. and Uziel J. <i>Wilson’s Arch: 150 Years of Archaeologicaland Historical Exploration.</i></a> Ancient Jerusalem Revealed, 2019. Pp. 173–183.<br />
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Magness 2000 — </div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=st6mDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA328&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Magness J. <i>The North Wall of Aelia Capitolina</i>.</a> The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond: Essays in Memory of James A. Sauer. Harvard University, 2000. Pp. 328–338.<br />
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Martin 2000 — <a href="http://www.askelm.com/TempBook/">Martin E. L. <i>The Temples That Jerusalem Forgot</i>.</a> ASK Publications, 2000<br />
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Martin 2000b — <a href="http://www.askelm.com/temple/t001211.htm">Martin E. L. <i>New Evidence for the Site of the Temple in Jerusalem</i>.</a> Expanded Internet Edition — December 12, 2000.<br />
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Mazar 1972 — <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23670351">Mazar B. <i>Excavations near the Temple Mount.</i></a> Qadmoniot, No. 3/4 (19/20) (1972). Pp. 74−90. (Hebrew)<br />
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Mazar 2002 — Mazar E. <i>The Complete Guide to Temple mount excavations.</i> Shoham 2002. (Hebrew)<br />
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Mazar 2011 — <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43588780?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A08fa8fe10b0d6bb3916213adc692d0c2&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">Mazar E. <i>The Temple Mount excavations in Jerusalem 1968-1978 directed by Benjamin Mazar. Final reports volume IV, The Tenth Legion in Aelia Capitolina.</i></a> Qedem, Vol. 52 (2011). Pp. I-X, 1−350.<br />
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Murphy-O'Connor 1994 — <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44089200?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents">Murphy-O'Connor J. <i>The location of the Capitol in Aelia Capitolina.</i></a> Revue Biblique, Vol. 101, No. 3 (1994). Pp. 407−415.<br />
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Murphy-O'Connor 2008 — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSuErBFmykQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">Murphy-O'Connor J. <i>The Holy Land : An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700.</i></a> Oxford University Press, edition 2008.<br />
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Newman 2014 — <a href="https://www.academia.edu/35784619/The_Temple_Mount_of_Jerusalem_and_the_Capitolium_of_Aelia_Capitolina">Newman H. <i>The Temple Mount of Jerusalem and the Capitolium of Aelia Capitolina.</i></a><i> Knowledge and Wisdom: Archaeological and Historical Essays in Honour of Leah Di Segni.</i> Studium Biblicum Franciscanum, 2014. Pp. 35−42.<br />
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Patrich and Edelcopp 2013 — <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44092217?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A5a5be8a81ac942eb355cff478bd9d286&seq=24&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents">Patrich J. and Edelcopp M. <i>Four Stages in the Evolution of the Temple Mount.</i></a> Revue Biblique, Vol. 120, No. 3 (2013) Pp. 321–361.<br />
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Peleg-Barkat 2017 — <a href="https://www.academia.edu/34533929/THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_EXCAVATIONS_IN_JERUSALEM_1968_1978_DIRECTED_BY_BENJAMIN_MAZAR_FINAL_REPORTS_VOLUME_V_HERODIAN_ARCHITECTURAL_DECORATION_AND_KING_HERODS_ROYAL_PORTICO">Peleg-Barkat O. <i>The Temple Mount excavtions in Jerusalem 1968−1978 directed by Benjamin Mazar.</i></a> Final Reports Volume V. Qedem, 57, (2017).<br />
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Pococke 1745, II — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n8/mode/1up">Pococke R. A <i>Description of the East and Some other Countries.</i> Vol. I. London, 1745.</a><br />
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Reidinger 2004 — <a href="http://erwin-reidinger.heimat.eu/HP_Bilder/Temple_Mount_Jerusalem.pdf">Reidinger E. F. <i>The Temple Mount Platform in Jerusalem from Solomon to Herod: An Archaeological Re-examination.</i></a> Tel Aviv University, 2004.<br />
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Seligman 2007 — <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338716702_Solomon's_Stables_The_Temple_Mount_Jerusalem_The_Events_Concerning_the_Destruction_of_Antiquities_1999_-_2001">Seligman J. <i>Solomon's Stables, The Temple Mount, Jerusalem: The Events Concerning the Destruction of Antiquities 1999–2001</i>.</a> ‘Atiqot 56, 2007. Pp. 33–53.<br />
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Tobler 1859 — <a href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008645636"><i>Titus Toblers dritte Wanderung nach Palästina im Jahre 1857.</i> Gotha, 1859.</a><br />
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Uziel, Lieberman and Solomon 2019 — <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03344355.2019.1650499">Uziel J., Lieberman T. and Solomon A. <i>The Excavations beneath Wilson’s Arch: New Light on Roman Period Jerusalem.</i></a> Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University. Volume 46, 2019. Pp. 237–266.<br />
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Warren 1871 — <a href="https://archive.org/details/recoveryofjerusa00wilsuoft/page/n12">Wilson, Ch., Warren Сh. <i>The recovery of Jerusalem: a narrative of exploration and discovery in the city and the Holy Land.</i> New York, 1871.</a><br />
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Weksler-Bdolah 2019 — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DnnEDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">Weksler-Bdolah Sh. <i>Aelia Capitolina – Jerusalem in the Roman Period: In Light of Archaeological Research.</i> Leiden, 2019.</a>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-13255743717034946072019-03-15T17:16:00.372-07:002022-07-19T12:05:11.788-07:00Palestinian maqams in old drawings<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Gr%C3%BCnenberg">Conrad Grünenberg</a> (1487)</b></div>
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Blatt 34r - 073</div>
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Konrad_von_Gr%C3%BCnenberg_-_Beschreibung_der_Reise_von_Konstanz_nach_Jerusalem_-_Blatt_34r_-_073.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="549" height="640" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Konrad_von_Gr%C3%BCnenberg_-_Beschreibung_der_Reise_von_Konstanz_nach_Jerusalem_-_Blatt_34r_-_073.jpg" width="438" /></a></div>
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Blatt 47v - 100</div>
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Konrad_von_Gr%C3%BCnenberg_-_Beschreibung_der_Reise_von_Konstanz_nach_Jerusalem_-_Blatt_47v_-_100.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="543" height="640" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Konrad_von_Gr%C3%BCnenberg_-_Beschreibung_der_Reise_von_Konstanz_nach_Jerusalem_-_Blatt_47v_-_100.jpg" width="434" /></a></div>
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<b><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Zuallart">Jean Zuallart</a> (1586)</b></div>
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View of part of Jerusalem
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5nsqNg10tQA/XI8f4hs-XhI/AAAAAAAAHN8/SXsxEdXE7dshHAVTMpEVkXP2EjhcZksBwCLcBGAs/s1600/Gerusalemme%2B1586.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1360" data-original-width="1500" height="580" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5nsqNg10tQA/XI8f4hs-XhI/AAAAAAAAHN8/SXsxEdXE7dshHAVTMpEVkXP2EjhcZksBwCLcBGAs/s640/Gerusalemme%2B1586.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelis_de_Bruijn">Cornelis de Bruijn</a> (1714)</b></div>
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The remains of Tiberias on the shores of the Sea of Galilee (fragment)</div>
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<b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Arundale">Francis Arundale</a> (1837)</b></div>
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View of Nazareth from the south</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ntJ3xjN3FRU/XJAaJqJR8xI/AAAAAAAAHOI/l6ZoTvZ3a3kT4l4mkwb5Ewg9-ABOvjRtgCLcBGAs/s1600/Nazareth%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Bsouth%2B1837.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1172" data-original-width="1600" height="468" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ntJ3xjN3FRU/XJAaJqJR8xI/AAAAAAAAHOI/l6ZoTvZ3a3kT4l4mkwb5Ewg9-ABOvjRtgCLcBGAs/s640/Nazareth%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Bsouth%2B1837.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Roberts_(painter)">David Roberts</a> (1839)</b></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Gaza, March 21th 1839 (fragment)</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7VZxIx3SjeI/XIw-gZsp8gI/AAAAAAAAHNY/hkvfk3naNAkB8bhCwM8Pgu1w8bGGSFWOgCLcBGAs/s1600/Gaza%2BMarch%2B21st%2B1839%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1215" data-original-width="1562" height="496" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7VZxIx3SjeI/XIw-gZsp8gI/AAAAAAAAHNY/hkvfk3naNAkB8bhCwM8Pgu1w8bGGSFWOgCLcBGAs/s640/Gaza%2BMarch%2B21st%2B1839%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Jenin, April 19th 1839 (fragment)</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-172x4WhlMSc/XIw-fz2-QFI/AAAAAAAAHNQ/LcB-hnmMOBsK0qwXKSlp3VDJbAqARo82wCLcBGAs/s1600/Jenin%2BApril%2B19th%2B1839%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1215" data-original-width="1562" height="496" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-172x4WhlMSc/XIw-fz2-QFI/AAAAAAAAHNQ/LcB-hnmMOBsK0qwXKSlp3VDJbAqARo82wCLcBGAs/s640/Jenin%2BApril%2B19th%2B1839%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Nablous, April 17th 1839 (fragment)</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CIaB4lEt6XA/XIw-fx0HQrI/AAAAAAAAHNU/zzDORYLEv2Esyw6OKXlWDgLgUj-S3JZBgCLcBGAs/s1600/Nablous%2BApril%2B17th%2B1839%2B2b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1215" data-original-width="1562" height="496" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CIaB4lEt6XA/XIw-fx0HQrI/AAAAAAAAHNU/zzDORYLEv2Esyw6OKXlWDgLgUj-S3JZBgCLcBGAs/s640/Nablous%2BApril%2B17th%2B1839%2B2b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Sidon, April 28th 1839 (fragment)</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e73Yt5c9IEQ/XIw-oW83gHI/AAAAAAAAHNc/TcuhGgf6KKkCICry3SJDS3l5B0Z5BrNGgCLcBGAs/s1600/Sidon%2BApril%2B28th%2B1839%2B2b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1215" data-original-width="1562" height="496" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e73Yt5c9IEQ/XIw-oW83gHI/AAAAAAAAHNc/TcuhGgf6KKkCICry3SJDS3l5B0Z5BrNGgCLcBGAs/s640/Sidon%2BApril%2B28th%2B1839%2B2b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Source: <a href="https://wellcomecollection.org/works?query=David%20Roberts">wellcomecollection.org</a>; <a href="http://eng.travelogues.gr/">eng.travelogues.gr</a><br />
<br /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_William_Meredith_van_de_Velde">Van de Velde C. W. M.</a></b> <i>Le Pays d'Israe</i>. Paris, 1857</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">Bint Jebel</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wLCFNl_oTbY/X_SFmrNyUBI/AAAAAAAAHto/HXeWvaoiVGQBrxcau4TtNKLk9ymkAmL5ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1988/Van%2Bde%2BVelde%2B1857%2B118.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1569" data-original-width="1988" height="506" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wLCFNl_oTbY/X_SFmrNyUBI/AAAAAAAAHto/HXeWvaoiVGQBrxcau4TtNKLk9ymkAmL5ACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h506/Van%2Bde%2BVelde%2B1857%2B118.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>John W. Dulles. </b><i>The Ride Through Palestine.</i> Philadelphia, 1881.</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">Nablus, view of the west</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wkXdkii0LF0/XJVeJ4bo9QI/AAAAAAAAHPA/1X1Eagca6lYjLo6a1rosqRxjd_O5C3HhACLcBGAs/s1600/Nablus%2B1881.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="636" data-original-width="1085" height="374" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wkXdkii0LF0/XJVeJ4bo9QI/AAAAAAAAHPA/1X1Eagca6lYjLo6a1rosqRxjd_O5C3HhACLcBGAs/s640/Nablus%2B1881.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
N<span style="text-align: center;">a</span>bi Yunus</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-x7Ksl4VzXvg/XJVrFagRUTI/AAAAAAAAHPM/_j4k6zHFXbwtGcUzgPoTiDUQF5g4WcbjACLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BYunus%2B1881.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="624" data-original-width="759" height="526" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-x7Ksl4VzXvg/XJVrFagRUTI/AAAAAAAAHPM/_j4k6zHFXbwtGcUzgPoTiDUQF5g4WcbjACLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BYunus%2B1881.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Thomas Jenner. </b><i>Palestine [et] Liban, récit d'un voyage à travers la Judée, la Samarine, la Galilée et la Syrie</i>. Traduit de l'anglais. Paris, 1883</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Pools of Solomon</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8YVDKtyAa-o/XJFOwEV1BbI/AAAAAAAAHOc/ypf4va-QBXAheMb0z-ngtZR7llBU7OGYQCLcBGAs/s1600/Pools%2Bof%2BSolomon%2B1883.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="456" data-original-width="623" height="468" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8YVDKtyAa-o/XJFOwEV1BbI/AAAAAAAAHOc/ypf4va-QBXAheMb0z-ngtZR7llBU7OGYQCLcBGAs/s640/Pools%2Bof%2BSolomon%2B1883.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Nablus, view of the west</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-feFA_WjYSNM/XJFStOJy0tI/AAAAAAAAHOo/WwaA5MQvl74s2C9-6kMkOmDKSi097jWtACLcBGAs/s1600/Nablus%2B1883.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="622" data-original-width="986" height="402" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-feFA_WjYSNM/XJFStOJy0tI/AAAAAAAAHOo/WwaA5MQvl74s2C9-6kMkOmDKSi097jWtACLcBGAs/s640/Nablus%2B1883.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Bon Ludovic de Vaux. </b><i>La Palestinee</i>. Paris, 1883</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Hebron</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YycSWZhScsY/XJKjlTJ7l0I/AAAAAAAAHO0/8JaWDQXhb1o1JDdcwALZecicMwqBUM3SACLcBGAs/s1600/Hebron%2B1883.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="1366" height="280" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YycSWZhScsY/XJKjlTJ7l0I/AAAAAAAAHO0/8JaWDQXhb1o1JDdcwALZecicMwqBUM3SACLcBGAs/s640/Hebron%2B1883.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<b>Иудейские горы</b><br />
<a href="https://www.airpano.ru/360photo/jerusalem-israel/">Иерусалим, серия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.7687883,35.2209417,3a,54.8y,336.37h,71.32t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOIQoFT0Nu7EMi-TDx3fg0dF8h0AdT1oD7HRwMP!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOIQoFT0Nu7EMi-TDx3fg0dF8h0AdT1oD7HRwMP%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya121.6881-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Иерусалим 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.7665167,35.2236717,3a,61.7y,52.18h,75.67t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMcGLFU2GiA0PxnoDblQgVK79M2ELu9gus5uXTg!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMcGLFU2GiA0PxnoDblQgVK79M2ELu9gus5uXTg%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Иерусалим 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7766511,35.2186889,3a,54.1y,160.91h,30.29t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNqi3BYl2y0CCp4dbqeFOy41fxc8S4clakLFFIG!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNqi3BYl2y0CCp4dbqeFOy41fxc8S4clakLFFIG%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya253.02304-ro0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000">Иерусалим, Мамилла</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/photos/@31.7814797,35.2035541,3a,31y,293.85h,78.29t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNXiy3qBACVPlpwm20vorHakzLToj0fE5WTknoM!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNXiy3qBACVPlpwm20vorHakzLToj0fE5WTknoM%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya300-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Иерусалим, Кнессет</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.7615058,35.1787262,3a,75y,269.74h,72.26t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMePs-wt8vYcnUMB4rLNJWyA3gFHflBn5AQDROR!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMePs-wt8vYcnUMB4rLNJWyA3gFHflBn5AQDROR%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Иерусалим, Denia Park</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114216496185371300763/photos/@31.7530178,35.1788178,3a,54.1y,167.63h,65.5t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOKEUvxO0rjYWgNUjvb6V6xzCBjORdQJJ6VBd58!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOKEUvxO0rjYWgNUjvb6V6xzCBjORdQJJ6VBd58%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya100-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Иерусалим, Кирьят Ювель</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/102170853769112153772/photos/@31.7948398,35.212805,3a,53y,188.26h,70.29t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMhuPjRqPzg29dd_SYqiUlM7G3pcVNyN3SClqDM!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMhuPjRqPzg29dd_SYqiUlM7G3pcVNyN3SClqDM%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Иерусалим, север</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/102170853769112153772/photos/@31.795807,35.2177229,3a,15y,180.76h,73.46t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOsUdCqLd57twuw8623gMWryoYBwB65_3euEBdZ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOsUdCqLd57twuw8623gMWryoYBwB65_3euEBdZ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Иерусалим, тегарт</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.7656537,35.227468,3a,75y,11.93h,68t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMYSlrsZ_2eTOanMl2XY_JUmS_5kS14JUuDzazI!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMYSlrsZ_2eTOanMl2XY_JUmS_5kS14JUuDzazI%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Абу Тор</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@31.7747222,35.1777778,3a,57.3y,313.48h,65.02t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPZEC9OF561MgNvn7X1QX1hUAMrZehdNwZtnhit!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPZEC9OF561MgNvn7X1QX1hUAMrZehdNwZtnhit%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Яд ва-Шемр</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.795952,35.1966297,3a,75y,123.2h,62.97t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNgaghk85JPgMeEWl-LqYF0IwZ82kUd-1OKSx1v!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNgaghk85JPgMeEWl-LqYF0IwZ82kUd-1OKSx1v%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya26.71474-ro-0-fo100!7i4000!8i2000">Лифта 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7927783,35.1963883,3a,88y,11.1h,66.83t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP8JhJ_Lj7aW6WcKZl_IElChKh4sv7LCC24uE2k!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP8JhJ_Lj7aW6WcKZl_IElChKh4sv7LCC24uE2k%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya304.63467-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Лифта 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.798027,35.1963954,3a,86.6y,182.39h,63.71t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMYaNqL9bBEAVkIBBL_KQPmejiyuFijOH1gBsRS!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMYaNqL9bBEAVkIBBL_KQPmejiyuFijOH1gBsRS%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Лифта 3</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@31.795278,35.196389,3a,75y,264.71h,76.77t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOkVWQ3Ogsoml-YFKI9t6DRbXaOFDzty1CBguWl!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOkVWQ3Ogsoml-YFKI9t6DRbXaOFDzty1CBguWl%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya280-ro-0-fo100!7i7000!8i3500!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Лифта 4</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100651636707582044226/photos/@31.7669678,35.1575012,3a,89y,60.13h,67.44t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMcGh4H-1D_wvQ_Mps0ZLH4XelXalBQezwW-NiN!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMcGh4H-1D_wvQ_Mps0ZLH4XelXalBQezwW-NiN%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйн Карем</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@31.7630585,35.1577634,3a,49.1y,53.43h,55.6t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOVNBSXudSCU0gvUfUiJPJBwHyGeZodNgDmRzVB!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOVNBSXudSCU0gvUfUiJPJBwHyGeZodNgDmRzVB%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya340-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйн Карем, мечеть 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104117765849476235124/photos/@31.765165,35.1596597,3a,48.1y,212.57h,56.15t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMAnAVPm86XcYJlGUBQNi69qJVu0vY1YKVO3my1!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMAnAVPm86XcYJlGUBQNi69qJVu0vY1YKVO3my1%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйн Карем, мечеть 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@31.763205,35.1582722,3a,75y,12.29h,54.12t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMfgQR3Mbpk58J4HfLVp-VPlXmTqPpbOpAaJg-I!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMfgQR3Mbpk58J4HfLVp-VPlXmTqPpbOpAaJg-I%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Горненский мон-рь</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.7766915,35.1428695,3a,48.3y,183.14h,77.76t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO90xWY-ELtRb_85x0BHV9UQsWCiPzAJyI545d3!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO90xWY-ELtRb_85x0BHV9UQsWCiPzAJyI545d3%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-7.748593-ya8.480301-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Карем</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.7962894,35.1251183,3a,90y,275.73h,38.19t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNjqVUgnoTs8FaHU26vYtUE-vKPhHxV7NgZPo9d!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNjqVUgnoTs8FaHU26vYtUE-vKPhHxV7NgZPo9d%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya300-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эл-Бурдж, Эйн Хемед</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.7985897,35.1264,3a,83.2y,129.44h,61.91t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPDYEyiQDOsi8CU2Yt5fdJSrwq7bXnZQ-anqcbb!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPDYEyiQDOsi8CU2Yt5fdJSrwq7bXnZQ-anqcbb%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Д/р Эйн Хемед</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7747002,35.1262245,3a,82.6y,333.21h,63.82t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipObgeqM27Czwsvy1IsNP9PfgTKWQw2B-uDabgwC!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipObgeqM27Czwsvy1IsNP9PfgTKWQw2B-uDabgwC%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya51.880005-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Эйн Бикура</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110912730263111281031/photos/@31.7709961,35.1275215,3a,86.2y,67.6h,56.72t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMlFMvzgoJzEyV-bjxd-LYy0eaYT2lJtao8Zrcl!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMlFMvzgoJzEyV-bjxd-LYy0eaYT2lJtao8Zrcl%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Сатаф</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/108593611463943722847/photos/@31.7644283,35.1431863,3a,57.5y,348.88h,80.84t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMvHrn7SYXlwhb4Q__wAuvJoo9cZ7kXib6WYwis!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMvHrn7SYXlwhb4Q__wAuvJoo9cZ7kXib6WYwis%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Б-ца Хаддаса</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.7817496,35.1549669,3a,75.2y,330.92h,68.43t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMN7uyksMvnD1h-vfrED7kcwXwjQ1hUVIeNOXxo!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMN7uyksMvnD1h-vfrED7kcwXwjQ1hUVIeNOXxo%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya340-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бейт Зайт</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113020720011444670247/photos/@31.803969,35.148561,3a,85.6y,344.25h,74.04t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN223kHA1fp25nbRRf5K6LIVTN5m6QOeH1OGSWN!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN223kHA1fp25nbRRf5K6LIVTN5m6QOeH1OGSWN%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мевассерет Цион</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111826480444680442782/photos/@31.8062916,35.1091919,3a,73.8y,130.15h,64.58t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPEOQSyMH1t3JmZgvu6eB9B-OZqAh0FQcieKxa6!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPEOQSyMH1t3JmZgvu6eB9B-OZqAh0FQcieKxa6%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya144.9531-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Абу Гош</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113020720011444670247/photos/@31.8058873,35.0928059,3a,82.4y,285.79h,44.12t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNbf9ciwcpiUMBeA2aPd0TnWKZQOffODZGhiIXW!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNbf9ciwcpiUMBeA2aPd0TnWKZQOffODZGhiIXW%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya276.96777-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">ТВ Неве Илан, АЗС Элвис Пресли</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1%E2%80%AD/@31.840333,35.024588,3a,28.9y,138.85h,78.98t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO4ggT09NXh2dNVZKuWn3SsCZO4IlLlKIce2-9q!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO4ggT09NXh2dNVZKuWn3SsCZO4IlLlKIce2-9q%3Dw86-h86-k-no-pi0-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m11!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s109429665006344170020!3m1!1e1!3m4!1s0x1502ce317d91257d:0x85372a448d80bb54!8m2!3d31.840333!4d35.024588">Тель Аялон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/109429665006344170020/photos/@31.836481,35.008148,3a,75y,190.07h,73.72t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMB-8Jr6JxdKmggrwfjGK6eGR-TxEJP01lD-p-5!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMB-8Jr6JxdKmggrwfjGK6eGR-TxEJP01lD-p-5%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya116.84888-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хурват Акед</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113941981009832137219/photos/@31.8387417,34.9863783,3a,22.1y,357.68h,78.43t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMvR-SkNNL-PP9PfFY_qswoY3X_YvBLiyV9c4lk!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMvR-SkNNL-PP9PfFY_qswoY3X_YvBLiyV9c4lk%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya340-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эммаус</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8336555,34.9799363,3a,81.7y,102.4h,54.38t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNMUNLRTICT9APO4aTLg6fPM3J3LqiE9SlcxSNB!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNMUNLRTICT9APO4aTLg6fPM3J3LqiE9SlcxSNB%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya358.3606-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Латрун, мон-рь 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.833075,34.9801533,3a,79.8y,253.42h,71.38t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMOlK6KlQ8IPF2Q-DqwXoAa4NyC5QdizmHQVLco!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMOlK6KlQ8IPF2Q-DqwXoAa4NyC5QdizmHQVLco%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya11.233726-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Мон-рь 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116552485848610241479/photos/@31.8380778,34.9801991,3a,75y,235.49h,63.78t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMCInHAcd19_qHosIv2FfCUg6HAU1L55LfUyUZY!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMCInHAcd19_qHosIv2FfCUg6HAU1L55LfUyUZY%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya60-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Латрун, тегарт 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/place/ChIJQXo22BDPAhURjhGRq6-aaxM/@31.8379383,34.9800367,3a,75y,55.33h,70.02t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMjGZhQWHmOlOuRo02eFCEKaz4EAo6TwpzH3vSK!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMjGZhQWHmOlOuRo02eFCEKaz4EAo6TwpzH3vSK%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s101429672704089616501!3m1!1e1">Тегарт 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.743425,35.178171,3a,90y,37.77h,70.92t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPtlDi0dC9tGKYr1J6H8lf7fhT-JmauIIBNFdHI!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPtlDi0dC9tGKYr1J6H8lf7fhT-JmauIIBNFdHI%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya280-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйн Яэль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/118413736923989285788/photos/@31.749742,35.1596802,3a,86y,298.2h,63.42t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNPQ5jcxy2C1ZM1kyknZg7iNOrH53nHYDfg8lHe!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNPQ5jcxy2C1ZM1kyknZg7iNOrH53nHYDfg8lHe%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya300-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйн Лаван</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@31.7569383,35.1599862,3a,75y,166.86h,64.99t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOyCygnmnLH0EdH886nA6-fr8xUepoiMfCNsZVB!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOyCygnmnLH0EdH886nA6-fr8xUepoiMfCNsZVB%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-1.125402-ya65.17685-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Ора 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@31.755245,35.1594583,3a,75y,308.06h,56.22t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMp411dK_gOrwtOmCUiAo55v0saR9s9d5cTovJt!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMp411dK_gOrwtOmCUiAo55v0saR9s9d5cTovJt%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya4.726688-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Ора 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.7492542,35.1347923,3a,53.9y,312.74h,76.9t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOyd9PlmF5CPVRahR10DghOqfHMgrAOH3CD8SqS!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOyd9PlmF5CPVRahR10DghOqfHMgrAOH3CD8SqS%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эвен-Сапир – Аминадав</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.7494894,35.1285498,3a,52.9y,62.52h,44.08t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPelNE7Kbg6eecxjrzfroVwmmG6SUKvUQkGRl1G!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPelNE7Kbg6eecxjrzfroVwmmG6SUKvUQkGRl1G%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya80-ro-0-fo100!7i10440!8i5220!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хурват Сеадим 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7489815,35.1348152,3a,25.2y,299.91h,72.94t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNPwSL4eBAnYr6h2Xn-LL5ZR2jQ4K0VGGSO-06L!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNPwSL4eBAnYr6h2Xn-LL5ZR2jQ4K0VGGSO-06L%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya314.20584-ro-0-fo100!7i16000!8i8000">Хурват Сеадим 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.7499658,35.1212304,3a,75y,232.32h,65.73t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN5GApBhBQlm1BYqh1WEHsui_SPfp3XN3RXo4NP!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN5GApBhBQlm1BYqh1WEHsui_SPfp3XN3RXo4NP%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Шальмон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.788563,35.070397,3a,90y,206.48h,60.89t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPlt3XpZvvbxaDvEasvNleqHxRgkFfxqHiKKQwi!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPlt3XpZvvbxaDvEasvNleqHxRgkFfxqHiKKQwi%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Эйн Лимон и вид на Эйн Рафа</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112924891222541485994/photos/@31.7737141,35.0900116,3a,55.2y,22.06h,57.74t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOhdR_IvojQYeIIgsuG6YykiXuLB3Xjaji4x8nL!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOhdR_IvojQYeIIgsuG6YykiXuLB3Xjaji4x8nL%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya80-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйтаним Иллит</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105382368989782684052/photos/@31.780806,35.061326,3a,82.8y,70.54h,59.21t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPkXRJD_w8S-p-C23082vjiGqx58gDshUJmdKsu!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPkXRJD_w8S-p-C23082vjiGqx58gDshUJmdKsu%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Зпв Ха-Масрек</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100073543744096577895/photos/@31.790415,35.060591,3a,89.1y,312.17h,71.37t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOH0hv49juvoj-6ufFcfdfnHbQ_oUa56q-JMTVp!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOH0hv49juvoj-6ufFcfdfnHbQ_oUa56q-JMTVp%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Ксалон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@31.7806941,35.018612,3a,55.4y,94.05h,65.58t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPSWm6s4C5VI-oh49H81VLwNfY--83XrZXZwTSL!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPSWm6s4C5VI-oh49H81VLwNfY--83XrZXZwTSL%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Лес ха-Кдошим, пещ. Бней Брит с вост.</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7l3X9">Пещ. Бней Брит с зап.</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100651636707582044226/photos/@31.7520332,35.0365829,3a,75y,196.18h,52.29t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP-n0iPQNJ3XLwDTnfg0SnVlDc3PxPlziAD697O!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP-n0iPQNJ3XLwDTnfg0SnVlDc3PxPlziAD697O%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya340-ro-0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Яала</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117904302252422649179/photos/@31.7559003,35.0237267,3a,75y,260.46h,65.14t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOY9tcIEY72ehyOqap1cFbQSFKLoV9nN2yCKXds!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOY9tcIEY72ehyOqap1cFbQSFKLoV9nN2yCKXds%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пещ. Сорек</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/108593611463943722847/photos/@31.7427283,35.0675842,3a,86.7y,291.66h,67.02t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOLzKDux_TxrpSyhvhfH09DM2mfC7i-bti2xjo_!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOLzKDux_TxrpSyhvhfH09DM2mfC7i-bti2xjo_%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya60-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нес Харим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112924891222541485994/photos/@31.7787609,35.0096512,3a,49.8y,85.06h,71.69t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNlB5nAL0isX4RA5sRiIPp_N64AAtmsrj4A3KSJ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNlB5nAL0isX4RA5sRiIPp_N64AAtmsrj4A3KSJ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эштаоль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.754146,35.1817471,3a,78.4y,155.17h,69.7t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMP0nGxrAEvHJq1-xgraMClF_TSb7f3xKuWK7C7!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMP0nGxrAEvHJq1-xgraMClF_TSb7f3xKuWK7C7%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i10440!8i5220!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Малха, мечеть</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8508663,35.2197113,3a,15y,149.62h,76.37t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPRXwFYm_gz2bItybiXPpfFyXL3tmYWSakvhCQN!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPRXwFYm_gz2bItybiXPpfFyXL3tmYWSakvhCQN%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya106.10121-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000">П.З. Атарот, КПП Каландия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8626804,35.1679306,3a,75y,349.61h,66.63t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNYKMOWSmrqEcVALm1TaiEISvzgGRx72ABT48VP!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNYKMOWSmrqEcVALm1TaiEISvzgGRx72ABT48VP%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya159.99446-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Гиват Зеэв</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.7488,35.2330467,3a,75y,341.68h,66.63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM64vVEA5HP6nB-YHl2IeyCnZkbLMwGl3pUTyOv!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM64vVEA5HP6nB-YHl2IeyCnZkbLMwGl3pUTyOv%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i10440!8i5220!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тальпиот Мизрах 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.7508133,35.2344217,3a,54.6y,260.55h,67.35t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOeCxu0lCs2ZOQqCGh5VjGb3V12UGfpXXMsInqp!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOeCxu0lCs2ZOQqCGh5VjGb3V12UGfpXXMsInqp%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i10440!8i5220!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тальпиот Мизрах 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.7521583,35.2401383,3a,57.8y,208.58h,79.14t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMOmcm_twGhJdjaZ_tGSEpmoDzTym2HIo6KjcO0!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMOmcm_twGhJdjaZ_tGSEpmoDzTym2HIo6KjcO0%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya107.22165-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Governor's House</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104117765849476235124/photos/@31.73869,35.2169367,3a,42.9y,196.92h,65.5t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOWceV1M4-WwZPiPzIS-uEYc__5_UuEKn7OAyQ0!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOWceV1M4-WwZPiPzIS-uEYc__5_UuEKn7OAyQ0%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya280-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Рамат Рахель</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111902481865956397219/photos/@31.7268328,35.2216107,3a,51.4y,98.21h,75.01t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOCjc-XBctOkw9y-sz8nTXt9Ik0MMFw_fkkMftu!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOCjc-XBctOkw9y-sz8nTXt9Ik0MMFw_fkkMftu%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya300-ro-0-fo100!7i4450!8i1585!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хомат Шмуэль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@31.6896475,35.1883678,3a,59.3y,8.06h,71.02t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOiCV8dWxXu6injMhUtWg2B3jfklzfXsKYXeGmo!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOiCV8dWxXu6injMhUtWg2B3jfklzfXsKYXeGmo%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i7920!8i3960!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Артас</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.6698624,35.1641803,3a,75y,4.91h,74.43t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMziZCqob2t8rJt0AN_H_9ON1i8N7ebQgtAfRkV!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMziZCqob2t8rJt0AN_H_9ON1i8N7ebQgtAfRkV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Зайит</a><br /><br />
<b>Иудейская пустыня</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@31.79409,35.3370067,3a,15y,199.21h,64.23t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP1a1E3Az94e9mFfOpvDkmbaSvIh0R-d2WwY_vo!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP1a1E3Az94e9mFfOpvDkmbaSvIh0R-d2WwY_vo%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya300-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хан эл-Ахмар</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117782178171953797489/photos/@31.8378601,35.3503342,3a,89.5y,349.97h,85.7t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMBuChLFdpnzPSyBKKNH1QyKDel0lCSpOX5BNFp!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMBuChLFdpnzPSyBKKNH1QyKDel0lCSpOX5BNFp%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya300-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Шоссе Алон, Эйн эл-Фавар</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.83478,35.3501283,3a,75y,283.7h,67.44t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPqFBZ1PwpNWbMcXaETq372_O9et79vkUtNAVN4!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPqFBZ1PwpNWbMcXaETq372_O9et79vkUtNAVN4%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Алон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.8192117,35.3373917,3a,75y,157.28h,67.84t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMaI7M7jXIdzeHe7pL6L0PvV4u1GEJFG8ds44cT!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMaI7M7jXIdzeHe7pL6L0PvV4u1GEJFG8ds44cT%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya40-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кфар Адумим 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.8265417,35.32322,3a,75y,34.79h,60.37t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPj5i8Mhzdd-JKAzVA3bS7tLxQl-yDxX3NtYqN3!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPj5i8Mhzdd-JKAzVA3bS7tLxQl-yDxX3NtYqN3%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya120-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кфар Адумим 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/place/ChIJE4seMxMzAxURnUl1hB5W494/@31.828393,35.404164,3a,51.7y,16.32h,72.69t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNZhOt0E161OFZYwaGF5X56NV2dZmYs8nrjX7Ka!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNZhOt0E161OFZYwaGF5X56NV2dZmYs8nrjX7Ka%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya357.9791-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s101891025065748829896!3m1!1e1">Вади Кельт, дорога в Иерихон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.8360133,35.3894667,3a,79.9y,3.47h,71.67t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNqZW3gWHtJPIONSmD8EcQkFSRF5rOpZtB9YQZj!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNqZW3gWHtJPIONSmD8EcQkFSRF5rOpZtB9YQZj%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Вади Кельт</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/place/ChIJE4seMxMzAxURnUl1hB5W494/@31.8425117,35.4112367,3a,75y,0.17h,72.84t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNgJ-k5CcthxZW6GYiE10rMg_OcUge-U3G1U5Q8!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNgJ-k5CcthxZW6GYiE10rMg_OcUge-U3G1U5Q8%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya319.42194-ro0-fo100!7i14400!8i7200!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s101891025065748829896!3m1!1e1">Мон-рь св. Георгия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8747597,35.4371452,3a,84.9y,1.48h,72.6t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNB5insBXQzn4ry8-8MEFh_9etUktqaSPUqK4mJ!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNB5insBXQzn4ry8-8MEFh_9etUktqaSPUqK4mJ%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya201.53249-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Иерихон, Дейр эл-Каранталь 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.874463,35.430441,3a,63.9y,190.44h,73.68t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNRtD-u7OXSznmGRNkJddvfuNeoKJmTdmYQRruP!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNRtD-u7OXSznmGRNkJddvfuNeoKJmTdmYQRruP%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya311.9335-ro-0-fo100!7i16796!8i5945">Дейр эл-Каранталь 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100651636707582044226/photos/@31.8202429,35.5015363,3a,90y,234.52h,59.15t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNS_WFzNqk6yTHrUWfUncNyVRM60S_fXydFFlRd!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNS_WFzNqk6yTHrUWfUncNyVRM60S_fXydFFlRd%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya60.000004-ro-0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Дейр Хаджла 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.819895,35.50132,3a,90y,350.87h,62.11t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOfqhHu9Sb-sD6dW8Q7YFsJHxMIbauCZ4BKmHcK!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOfqhHu9Sb-sD6dW8Q7YFsJHxMIbauCZ4BKmHcK%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Дейр Хаджла 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.837473,35.538873,3a,44.9y,94.32h,71.41t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN-fN9kVXjJ_O67uV8N-yqcIKCEJorjuBepgDal!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN-fN9kVXjJ_O67uV8N-yqcIKCEJorjuBepgDal%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya104.58869-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Каср эл-Йахуд</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.836513,35.543848,3a,52.7y,73.07h,68.14t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOHGZUbLgesdYUJ20fFuLlKQ4s-NzCt5JEvqgL1!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOHGZUbLgesdYUJ20fFuLlKQ4s-NzCt5JEvqgL1%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya169.50056-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ал-Махтас</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8271795,35.5402599,3a,56.1y,62.1h,94.17t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPYspaTlLhMH8H8guiKZSNwOAFx-W2yZ5P1oKOl!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPYspaTlLhMH8H8guiKZSNwOAFx-W2yZ5P1oKOl%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya286.27286-ro0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352">Зор эл-Хабаш</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.830661,35.526962,3a,55.4y,18.97h,71.72t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOHTZ36crZU5WP-Lc9NUq_nXt-itq0yyOLfHoFN!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOHTZ36crZU5WP-Lc9NUq_nXt-itq0yyOLfHoFN%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-7.185741-ya333.06186-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Дейр Хаджла вост.</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115190335770912402893/photos/@32.0529047,35.4524417,3a,48.1y,93.66h,76.2t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPsgPmk_72xs8UBa7vy5rtmUwsfuJF6W9II3svc!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPsgPmk_72xs8UBa7vy5rtmUwsfuJF6W9II3svc%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya300-ro0-fo100!7i14400!8i7200!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Pezael Circuit</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.787133,35.432941,3a,82.1y,250.86h,59.96t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN9uv62r4ZM--stENUupUiRMGaSbpbPwolg7XfZ!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN9uv62r4ZM--stENUupUiRMGaSbpbPwolg7XfZ%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-10-ya33.364902-ro-0-fo100!7i9556!8i4778">Нэби Муса 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8044002,35.3893625,3a,83y,49.29h,52.17t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNSR1ktc7gPgdfYztphHsU_AJw0nspRfhoYcCsJ!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNSR1ktc7gPgdfYztphHsU_AJw0nspRfhoYcCsJ%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нэби Муса 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.781821,35.425899,3a,52.6y,229.12h,59.03t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO3IrUgB_T2KBc9jZ4eRTA9SS0SONrvlnEXTbOj!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO3IrUgB_T2KBc9jZ4eRTA9SS0SONrvlnEXTbOj%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya329.29657-ro-0-fo100!7i9558!8i4779">Макам Хасан эр-Раи</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7864467,35.4580146,3a,75y,104.05h,87.79t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipONLNgKbGRLudxBUNgwt9iY0PfRbrKsreZCzBGK!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipONLNgKbGRLudxBUNgwt9iY0PfRbrKsreZCzBGK%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya108.78594-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нахаль Ог 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110560687073784167626/photos/@31.7803726,35.4188309,3a,83.6y,250.6h,66.13t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOKCEvlCMjjJ3yxG_i7kro8IPwVTmf57J8hqQh-!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOKCEvlCMjjJ3yxG_i7kro8IPwVTmf57J8hqQh-%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya320-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Ог 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100372499750213429035/photos/@31.7716367,35.4066917,3a,90y,357.9h,73.95t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM9wXrDBQhasWTh4iwqzphE_GG5WFzD0Jmd9Bf9!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM9wXrDBQhasWTh4iwqzphE_GG5WFzD0Jmd9Bf9%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-6.1913695-ya275.79736-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Ог, мост Бейли</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@31.78745,35.3467632,3a,75y,41.98h,68.89t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPa3AodKA-VYlRN-eBmj4QIrp0CuBjtTumbOBuY!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPa3AodKA-VYlRN-eBmj4QIrp0CuBjtTumbOBuY%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya100-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Дж. Мунтар с севера</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.6688785,35.2394712,3a,82.6y,144.51h,69.63t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOQ9Rv8dQu6gpeFyEx4HlOuvBmXTHP5VEjjnrDV!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOQ9Rv8dQu6gpeFyEx4HlOuvBmXTHP5VEjjnrDV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya100-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Иродион 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.6674617,35.2419417,3a,75y,14.4h,68.75t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPa7J_PYXywdEHIsvLxKIRXNSBUFIiXhHX5GUqQ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPa7J_PYXywdEHIsvLxKIRXNSBUFIiXhHX5GUqQ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Иродион 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.665735,35.2416483,3a,83.3y,78.05h,65.19t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO4w5RYw6igRny9SWKYftsL_wQ4DzmzkVruFaO_!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO4w5RYw6igRny9SWKYftsL_wQ4DzmzkVruFaO_%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Иродион 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.704423,35.331731,3a,74.2y,187.04h,73.56t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOjpc5og-RKlz05ipN7WmSg8ZD4FnDRt789Yq4j!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOjpc5og-RKlz05ipN7WmSg8ZD4FnDRt789Yq4j%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya45.595993-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Дейр Мар-Саба 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7058117,35.3329417,3a,16.7y,52.57h,92.82t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM1ScE4giGki1lwnm7a1cz2alKNMOBITvU28s6C!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM1ScE4giGki1lwnm7a1cz2alKNMOBITvU28s6C%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya6.886045-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Мар-Саба 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.704477,35.332138,3a,56.7y,312.77h,87.03t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO-_i8pGC7w-rn1hHuqrCRJDKuZXY5EZFiRxZDN!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO-_i8pGC7w-rn1hHuqrCRJDKuZXY5EZFiRxZDN%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya230.46054-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Мар-Саба 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107679402789528951406/photos/@31.6998776,35.3006573,3a,26.2y,5.34h,89.17t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN1rQsoOhfo-rmJv1083g2V_CzpP3qyVoVs8YAT!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN1rQsoOhfo-rmJv1083g2V_CzpP3qyVoVs8YAT%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эл-Карн с ю-з</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@31.5853177,35.1865502,3a,82.1y,192.83h,70.73t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPAnzwNAo__VptB_jsEgSL9k_pxy9Iil-WrwpzC!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPAnzwNAo__VptB_jsEgSL9k_pxy9Iil-WrwpzC%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мецад</a><br />
<br />
<b>Шфела</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8216667,34.9708328,3a,51.2y,295.65h,73.59t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOgCTo56R76tnAvPOmwnpvQdaoHpPh24Dn8rqHP!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOgCTo56R76tnAvPOmwnpvQdaoHpPh24Dn8rqHP%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya285.8138-ro-0-fo100!7i12246!8i6123">Неве Шалом</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104117765849476235124/photos/@31.7762767,34.9459933,3a,75y,6.61h,68.85t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM0g8z9s2SFM20HYPTVV2KMTx2q4PkqcmZGryM2!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM0g8z9s2SFM20HYPTVV2KMTx2q4PkqcmZGryM2%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Дейр Рафат</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104117765849476235124/photos/@31.750225,34.97507,3a,54.4y,153.92h,64.75t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO_lYegiUkd7S_IZ1BpiMUvCdwL-41cnjH9gB4w!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO_lYegiUkd7S_IZ1BpiMUvCdwL-41cnjH9gB4w%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Бейт Шемеш</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112924891222541485994/photos/@31.7114487,34.9985008,3a,71.7y,254.08h,53.4t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN1c1dlxPZyx-9_46oHZD_B_rZoKETkhbUJtoT-!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN1c1dlxPZyx-9_46oHZD_B_rZoKETkhbUJtoT-%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya340-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Рамат Бейт Шемеш</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/106896142543992841790/photos/@31.7123164,34.9642867,3a,75y,304.75h,80.14t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOGcvOJaMa7frknhoWLn01aXH-utUiCGnPExZ8!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOGcvOJaMa7frknhoWLn01aXH-utUiCGnPExZ8%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya320-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Рамат Бейт Шемеш Г</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/106896142543992841790/photos/@31.7032775,35.0060194,3a,85.7y,71.33h,64.18t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOTtQ1E7jkrqiSXdJWC2Fe8PEmV4FS2PZDEZf0!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOTtQ1E7jkrqiSXdJWC2Fe8PEmV4FS2PZDEZf0%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya80-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Рамат Бейт Шемеш Д</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.698805,34.9333283,3a,60y,152.64h,76.67t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPzTK48EN8y48mD1wqmdHewzcZ2Au09jo6INl_m!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPzTK48EN8y48mD1wqmdHewzcZ2Au09jo6INl_m%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya293.8544-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Азека 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7002167,34.936175,3a,75y,217.76h,68.54t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMV3moa4v9qUcHtifX-2jtPiYEZnRFzF2mi4wKk!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMV3moa4v9qUcHtifX-2jtPiYEZnRFzF2mi4wKk%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya55.475193-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Азека 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113614973856403484556/photos/@31.69999,34.936008,3a,90y,172.39h,65.23t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPqoIhmp8E2W5YN6eHkC-qn6_NDpCMCEaVqLo8h!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPqoIhmp8E2W5YN6eHkC-qn6_NDpCMCEaVqLo8h%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Азека 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104117765849476235124/photos/@31.6954167,34.9569517,3a,90y,7.7h,53.85t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN9uZFwty5EkGAC9nYgk0Kp9YztwjChz4aT_Tqj!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN9uZFwty5EkGAC9nYgk0Kp9YztwjChz4aT_Tqj%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya300-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хирбет Кейафа</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/106896142543992841790/photos/@31.6511021,35.0019646,3a,75y,1.47h,22.82t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMe7Ta-h1TBiqAuWbXE1z9HOygBI9DUoY11sKk!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMe7Ta-h1TBiqAuWbXE1z9HOygBI9DUoY11sKk%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya100-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Adulam Caves</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.6820222,34.9741222,3a,75y,245.82h,59.54t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPDk5IX3oT9_4QJAEJ8rinaDt1hZxabL4hDAyut!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPDk5IX3oT9_4QJAEJ8rinaDt1hZxabL4hDAyut%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya275.1705-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000">Хурват Сохо</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8800333,34.9549533,3a,27.6y,267.89h,66.45t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMKncrq2iiie9HzIvanxuPONBS5x6rTznz9w22a!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMKncrq2iiie9HzIvanxuPONBS5x6rTznz9w22a%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya279.06964-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Хурват Кфар Тов</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8886883,34.9576383,3a,50.2y,289.54h,60.15t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPUGL58iaC_gX8ArAeJMSNRyDy3vRhf5kNy9n0H!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPUGL58iaC_gX8ArAeJMSNRyDy3vRhf5kNy9n0H%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya328.30948-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Хурват Нехес</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.901945,35.0191667,3a,75y,319.92h,53.13t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP6hN_0Q5k1IbpOfTnoxfRps4XGx7A7fvv1N957!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP6hN_0Q5k1IbpOfTnoxfRps4XGx7A7fvv1N957%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya357.25378-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Хурват Титора</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8809302,34.9990109,3a,49y,296.2h,89.8t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNCJUS_YWzX-LvII8PsO4C2GcLgEcYu4H5PxvP8!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNCJUS_YWzX-LvII8PsO4C2GcLgEcYu4H5PxvP8%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya110.36477-ro-0-fo100!7i5720!8i1891">Х. Умм эл-Умдан</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@31.667147,34.9227067,3a,75y,259.45h,64.28t,0.34r/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMdF_34kaZv2sX_Y3FeiWBpaRPN15UfayQafa3C!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMdF_34kaZv2sX_Y3FeiWBpaRPN15UfayQafa3C%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0.85235405-ya179.09734-ro0.35555223-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Парк Британия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9137325,35.0122261,3a,54.3y,287.37h,71.03t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMUxGf9NbmYFUeIZ9oF8UIKhvzDfjHSF_K-ZTXD!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMUxGf9NbmYFUeIZ9oF8UIKhvzDfjHSF_K-ZTXD%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya340.45398-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Модиин, север 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9147733,34.9967483,3a,75y,299.34h,74.34t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMRRTEPhyK9iYXTtixTqxkDsPBHzdfF1fZlph6_!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMRRTEPhyK9iYXTtixTqxkDsPBHzdfF1fZlph6_%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya151.26256-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Модиин, север 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.899903,35.00596,3a,79.4y,234.73h,60.06t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP0TL7fU4Ji4RHcxU0PdFeg1bLOi7XyuBYjwKhi!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP0TL7fU4Ji4RHcxU0PdFeg1bLOi7XyuBYjwKhi%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya349.86826-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Модиин, парк Анаба</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116552485848610241479/photos/@31.8896536,34.9632786,3a,75y,285.21h,59.32t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOo3lFN1A4GawWhmL2z1pUEvWGBj_AlPfvAz9_r!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOo3lFN1A4GawWhmL2z1pUEvWGBj_AlPfvAz9_r%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мерказ Эйнав 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8865383,34.9615783,3a,86.8y,164.85h,54.83t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOrArBuhmxryMC0T9UfIRi_c4VzsAglshWzutZs!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOrArBuhmxryMC0T9UfIRi_c4VzsAglshWzutZs%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya305.49155-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Мерказ Эйнав 2</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/center-374/metkan-adam-panorama30391">В.б. Меткан Адам</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/109429665006344170020/photos/@31.8598957,34.9196548,3a,54.8y,33.79h,66.52t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM0Q65mSXv0oGtJ8hiPh4-ipAlyKNXl3JdN_3GV!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM0Q65mSXv0oGtJ8hiPh4-ipAlyKNXl3JdN_3GV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Гезер 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104117765849476235124/photos/@31.8598957,34.9196548,3a,47.9y,97.46h,68.66t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPC8GRyMk1V0sZqbq5wjE-R0ArGtWbmWb-Az3yX!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPC8GRyMk1V0sZqbq5wjE-R0ArGtWbmWb-Az3yX%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i6928!8i3464!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Гезер 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8622227,34.8916664,3a,89.8y,88.48h,54.77t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN2-8BQmZXBfWsOQydJLsoYNaPaFt3NAUYfCnK6!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN2-8BQmZXBfWsOQydJLsoYNaPaFt3NAUYfCnK6%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya60.761505-ro-0-fo100!7i8520!8i4260">Птахья</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116703128105577323031/photos/@31.5854301,34.8088608,3a,32.3y,0.97h,76.04t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOF1wa-bIVd2PuDvngtaAVmtZ93GMdrs5XF6eCB!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOF1wa-bIVd2PuDvngtaAVmtZ93GMdrs5XF6eCB%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya320-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Д/р Кирьят Гат 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117944125155477439813/photos/@31.5942957,34.8173613,3a,65.9y,331.79h,70.96t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMNNjC8b2Xmojmvo_dpc-prLHFIw4rM1Dw6Yoou!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMNNjC8b2Xmojmvo_dpc-prLHFIw4rM1Dw6Yoou%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya230.99678-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">д/р Кирьят Гат 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.502442,34.75747,3a,90y,17.17h,53.45t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNSy1dhSnwcbJqeAYOZ6mOpl3Os6Nms3WAqG7af!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNSy1dhSnwcbJqeAYOZ6mOpl3Os6Nms3WAqG7af%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya159.6-ro0-fo100!7i9562!8i4781!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Нагила</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/place/ChIJtau_BCGMAhURw64VxVVw4oo/@31.4950583,34.771275,3a,56.2y,258.58h,69.97t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOQztDCJIDTsgDK9uRlMlruX1wHIhFc3w50ZdDi!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOQztDCJIDTsgDK9uRlMlruX1wHIhFc3w50ZdDi%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s101429672704089616501!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Пора</a><br /><br />
<b>Побережье до Яффы</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.6874057,34.5631795,3a,82.3y,0h,62.02t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMCl07zuXoQevgea_9qL61VqTUtKaIbD4KhDG6q!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMCl07zuXoQevgea_9qL61VqTUtKaIbD4KhDG6q%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya40-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Ашкелон, центр</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.704768,34.57422,3a,79y,324.87h,58.82t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOBtcvjNmXIKpevg8luUxWYDqkxU6URzy0Hnkoy!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOBtcvjNmXIKpevg8luUxWYDqkxU6URzy0Hnkoy%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya80-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Ашкелон, север 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7039661,34.5783997,3a,75y,103.34h,65.69t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNBjTQdc7zCNUVDG78VUiUOvC09wMtKSqCxdaSF!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNBjTQdc7zCNUVDG78VUiUOvC09wMtKSqCxdaSF%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya125.88436-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Ашкелон, север 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112924891222541485994/photos/@31.7056885,34.574646,3a,80.9y,56.55h,63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMk9EUUss2DFLeqWaNH1O9GdwKLusm5KkgmGmK_!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMk9EUUss2DFLeqWaNH1O9GdwKLusm5KkgmGmK_%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ашкелон, север 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.6896458,34.582962,3a,55.2y,168.62h,72.82t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPJoMSBPWXzQ6CTqshwlDjsGc9qcmZmFwABswNb!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPJoMSBPWXzQ6CTqshwlDjsGc9qcmZmFwABswNb%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya352.08368-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Ашкелон, сев.-вост.</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.6841887,34.5615965,3a,15y,94.86h,85.96t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNi5MW3QgsMBdOP9ZeJpmFSN0aRCzuYhRaJjSVc!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNi5MW3QgsMBdOP9ZeJpmFSN0aRCzuYhRaJjSVc%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya280.9717-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Ашкелон, макам шейх Аввад</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7363312,34.6716684,3a,85.7y,20.02h,64.63t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMsoY7ROUvCEtCa9IOic4WUt61XZybfq59cSRs-!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMsoY7ROUvCEtCa9IOic4WUt61XZybfq59cSRs-%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya302.90833-ro-0-fo100!7i4366!8i1539">Эзер</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111826480444680442782/photos/@31.7551689,34.6609077,3a,75y,22.01h,61.14t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPw4G6RDEv-EZPr9Ll596TYUxbCmV_tD5FZxnRt!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPw4G6RDEv-EZPr9Ll596TYUxbCmV_tD5FZxnRt%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Ашдод</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117944125155477439813/photos/@31.7821036,34.669478,3a,87y,60.28h,54.54t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMG1uXkNgXOcwq3IzFU9d69Cs2vxr2aZE4wwlGD!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMG1uXkNgXOcwq3IzFU9d69Cs2vxr2aZE4wwlGD%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya354.373-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Парк Ад Халом</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111826480444680442782/photos/@31.780771,34.621636,3a,84.9y,117h,58.78t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM7u1-7LxnjOTQ51ZxY9N6vI5bMEnhjPCpzVbS3!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM7u1-7LxnjOTQ51ZxY9N6vI5bMEnhjPCpzVbS3%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya273.545-ro0-fo100!7i9528!8i4764!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ашдод Ям 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7817686,34.6223983,3a,23.9y,346.15h,76.03t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPm6b1aNsHSZw9fpAuMyZDCWqjHJRJHtQr1A20t!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPm6b1aNsHSZw9fpAuMyZDCWqjHJRJHtQr1A20t%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya156.6292-ro-0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535">Ашдод Ям 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104412536424664917635/photos/@31.784045,34.6521633,3a,82.7y,359.64h,55.67t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPTLjgJDTRbQmCLQdKoqilb3m5t7jCi5vNVauY6!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPTLjgJDTRbQmCLQdKoqilb3m5t7jCi5vNVauY6%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ашдод, центр 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117944125155477439813/photos/@31.7880389,34.643704,3a,75y,24.48h,61.24t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOy0T3iEiqpeoHJggfmWNsAfhByZ2KybLpjlx83!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOy0T3iEiqpeoHJggfmWNsAfhByZ2KybLpjlx83%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya288.63345-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ашдод, центр 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.794199,34.629873,3a,75y,114.52h,68.44t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPTAJcL4bMv0eXgnB_FHJuAKnRyBf83qQzana_8!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPTAJcL4bMv0eXgnB_FHJuAKnRyBf83qQzana_8%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya121.62073-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Ашдод, марина</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@31.808653,34.648322,3a,74.9y,328.2h,92.14t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPl2K0VPMQkXEFItpccaDtxn_KJOanx2iK8aGEa!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPl2K0VPMQkXEFItpccaDtxn_KJOanx2iK8aGEa%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya203.861-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ашдод, север</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117944125155477439813/photos/@31.818747,34.6536446,3a,75y,287.52h,73t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM8DnqHmZbV1KIfIJoBSAdhEdaZL6slpu7IFCwE!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM8DnqHmZbV1KIfIJoBSAdhEdaZL6slpu7IFCwE%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ашдод, порт</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.8524857,34.6618729,3a,89.5y,131.45h,65.66t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOMCD_92e1yPl0ZlmehEuTaACisQwYo0WGWES09!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOMCD_92e1yPl0ZlmehEuTaACisQwYo0WGWES09%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Хараз</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7135544,34.6917076,3a,30y,52.34h,87.18t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO7arMbfRH2JFzXf9FYyECQOvQyXSieyYBHCWmV!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO7arMbfRH2JFzXf9FYyECQOvQyXSieyYBHCWmV%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya280.95752-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000">Савафир эш-Шамалия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.82276,34.777344,3a,65.9y,15.76h,77.63t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPtxOSFAPL5u5kSCc6WEJx-TxIYWe5pvN9Joy1h!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPtxOSFAPL5u5kSCc6WEJx-TxIYWe5pvN9Joy1h%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya271.32086-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Тель Катра (Гедера)</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.8924522,34.7695503,3a,85.3y,59.05h,40.84t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNyGWNPpcdqs1wMv5Zz-T59APULIQBWxOVhgrPo!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNyGWNPpcdqs1wMv5Zz-T59APULIQBWxOVhgrPo%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Усадьба ок. Кубейбы 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.8924522,34.7695503,3a,42.2y,51.23h,38.12t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNyGWNPpcdqs1wMv5Zz-T59APULIQBWxOVhgrPo!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNyGWNPpcdqs1wMv5Zz-T59APULIQBWxOVhgrPo%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Усадьба 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.8921642,34.7678146,3a,61.8y,245.47h,39.17t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOFEhnzChMZ6ji5gDt2MQ68forOMxXLhhoQWOBc!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOFEhnzChMZ6ji5gDt2MQ68forOMxXLhhoQWOBc%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Усадьба 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.8971539,34.7798386,3a,56.8y,351.27h,68.2t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNN-S5520AW0xveq8UahG4tbbW85R9xhrL8WdfG!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNN-S5520AW0xveq8UahG4tbbW85R9xhrL8WdfG%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эл-Кубейба</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.9067993,34.7748756,3a,85.2y,251.71h,56.36t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPoK7qgm6rC4D1ZcYZ8o6qAgQjfJrD26lCC2c2K!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPoK7qgm6rC4D1ZcYZ8o6qAgQjfJrD26lCC2c2K%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">"Красный дом" 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.9067745,34.7730293,3a,90y,126.98h,75.85t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOtFlJet_tm96FU-P9SsRfWFqYaCsqEFle1BTVC!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOtFlJet_tm96FU-P9SsRfWFqYaCsqEFle1BTVC%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">"Красный дом" 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9128418,34.7720299,3a,37.5y,25.54h,76.81t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMELFfoIDIdpEiA4ZWaxzggO3twm5VTOL4upKwl!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMELFfoIDIdpEiA4ZWaxzggO3twm5VTOL4upKwl%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya232.46173-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">"Красный дом" 3, проезд</a><br />
<a href="https://www.4panorama.co.il/virtual-tour/tiberias-360-aerial-photography/view?s=2">Пляж Пальмахим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9343163,34.7248147,3a,27.7y,326.95h,75.48t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN78mTxFG7BsbACTIqUj05tjbpGtOpBZMX3C2_b!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN78mTxFG7BsbACTIqUj05tjbpGtOpBZMX3C2_b%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-20-ya280-ro0-fo100!7i8532!8i4266">П.З. Пальмахим 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9397221,34.7194443,3a,50y,211.62h,69.39t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMIlmBRM6fLPIp1KrQwc2B5tp78z5T1j95XAhYI!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMIlmBRM6fLPIp1KrQwc2B5tp78z5T1j95XAhYI%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya77.763-ro-0-fo100!7i8516!8i4258">П.З. Пальмахим 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.9555378,34.7532043,3a,75y,13.63h,75t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOXLxSGbsJ4PsIG1yvNTDyXbk3R6tg0ROt6NB6t!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOXLxSGbsJ4PsIG1yvNTDyXbk3R6tg0ROt6NB6t%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya351.05807-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Очистка сточных вод Гуш Дан 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.9581947,34.749157,3a,90y,39.11h,78.31t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNiCOuTuwiFz6h8d6VouxBdRNQ8OkI0wuSNUqBi!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNiCOuTuwiFz6h8d6VouxBdRNQ8OkI0wuSNUqBi%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya320-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Очистка 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.975924,34.740772,3a,59y,20.82h,70.56t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOwG-q7O1p1rJio0iGSs-HzXDvQ10PbK0_5vY0V!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOwG-q7O1p1rJio0iGSs-HzXDvQ10PbK0_5vY0V%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya308.83667-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Суперленд</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9906446,34.809922,3a,53.3y,170.98h,72.92t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO_rNU-SgGp69rLzZ6bTgLCftsmhZqmFa2x0h1D!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO_rNU-SgGp69rLzZ6bTgLCftsmhZqmFa2x0h1D%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya112.731415-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Ришон ле-Цион, север</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116703128105577323031/photos/@31.9984913,34.7426987,3a,75y,197.13h,71.14t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOpHFJ0lkMhxNRtAZaRmdjTp8xCONU8E5NZUc4t!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOpHFJ0lkMhxNRtAZaRmdjTp8xCONU8E5NZUc4t%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Неве Хоф</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105103204529537305059/photos/@32.0014031,34.7331993,3a,57.3y,184.77h,69.27t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMUPPEHtDyhLy2vNMtQjxIQIFFwAOoha3G_IjJF!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMUPPEHtDyhLy2vNMtQjxIQIFFwAOoha3G_IjJF%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya329.32004-ro-0-fo100!7i14058!8i7029!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пляж Неве Хофа</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.934166,34.8236122,3a,63.2y,314.81h,86.33t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOR3LYmr_WBfNR4kEGxX9Btzfk5bQAM_DCJzAP6!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOR3LYmr_WBfNR4kEGxX9Btzfk5bQAM_DCJzAP6%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya189.06439-ro0-fo100!7i8512!8i3681">Д/р Нес Циона</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.9265423,34.8196449,3a,55.2y,270.34h,68.09t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOe1vGngyPRyVFk9lyCb1h5lbaEtXB5eIPJ4lB4!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOe1vGngyPRyVFk9lyCb1h5lbaEtXB5eIPJ4lB4%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-1.3504823-ya122.81351-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Парк Нес-Циона</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9419994,34.8051224,3a,15y,118.09h,70.36t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNuS9Z4wNa31zCZ8uvLbnXAIL0ge7vHu3s0mWWk!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNuS9Z4wNa31zCZ8uvLbnXAIL0ge7vHu3s0mWWk%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-10-ya100-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тегарт Нес-Циона 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9442425,34.8029747,3a,15y,306.58h,76.06t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMmQU1jPjM8E_U0LKMs4KUWxnRIKwxV8YSQVyKp!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMmQU1jPjM8E_U0LKMs4KUWxnRIKwxV8YSQVyKp%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тегарт 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9448223,34.7994461,3a,15y,283.54h,76.64t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMDxply8UdvxWVag5A3Dvrs9x_0NWJ3HmoL39bN!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMDxply8UdvxWVag5A3Dvrs9x_0NWJ3HmoL39bN%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тегарт 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.93693,34.826097,3a,58.4y,24.51h,70.83t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMGsZ3ADk3Ze7CWRqjaO_M968riE_FRFFZTlWMA!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMGsZ3ADk3Ze7CWRqjaO_M968riE_FRFFZTlWMA%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya265.56097-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000">Беэр Яаков</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9322224,34.8458328,3a,60.5y,66.88h,63.86t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOms5ztgj5j32DEmYuFNy9oWbZOBOP8AStaWHcg!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOms5ztgj5j32DEmYuFNy9oWbZOBOP8AStaWHcg%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi5.353161-ya50.109467-ro1.5231966-fo100!7i8496!8i4248">Рамла запад</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.940319,34.865916,3a,75y,35.38h,80.75t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN9mluBrXUv_hv0QoVAAINUJo6Ty7dPYl4Mpf1x!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN9mluBrXUv_hv0QoVAAINUJo6Ty7dPYl4Mpf1x%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya347.39255-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Д/р Рамла Цафон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@31.9378217,34.8978654,3a,56.7y,74.91h,70.87t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOlYdOZcsepidPzThnLZy5_mwcZjZ_dqxsfERao!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOlYdOZcsepidPzThnLZy5_mwcZjZ_dqxsfERao%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Лод восток</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/place/ChIJR0DXgfzJAhURKmkgBto9oco/@31.9444447,34.8522224,3a,38.9y,271.95h,61.11t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPSxFpKbCRabB0Da0rAGRdfod_q3v8Iy4Bq-0RS!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPSxFpKbCRabB0Da0rAGRdfod_q3v8Iy4Bq-0RS%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya352.93347-ro-0-fo100!7i8520!8i4260!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s101429672704089616501!3m1!1e1">Штаб Хасана Саламы 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.936945,34.8477783,3a,15y,239.34h,84.19t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMY74q7lDoDna4BX_VvMFtwp-P769LA4n_q9wbE!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMY74q7lDoDna4BX_VvMFtwp-P769LA4n_q9wbE%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya60.145493-ro-0-fo100!7i8532!8i4266">Штаб 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/place/ChIJR0DXgfzJAhURKmkgBto9oco/@31.9444447,34.8333321,3a,74.8y,18.3h,58.63t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMKPQjQptBKYAv7GCTmmc-MrU-5xc1KYX65-DTv!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMKPQjQptBKYAv7GCTmmc-MrU-5xc1KYX65-DTv%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya354.8545-ro-0-fo100!7i8528!8i4264!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s101429672704089616501!3m1!1e1">Црифин 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9444447,34.8341675,3a,52.3y,147.18h,58.59t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNk7cGqU-kpOrpMv7V4w3jua-Qci_4Pw0GNHvof!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNk7cGqU-kpOrpMv7V4w3jua-Qci_4Pw0GNHvof%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya1.5435797-ro-0-fo100!7i8520!8i4260">Црифин 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@31.9502506,34.8418922,3a,90y,252.26h,64.14t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOC6fAjcfhNerUoP4lTeBe7mBRpZH9S_4hhdcOv!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOC6fAjcfhNerUoP4lTeBe7mBRpZH9S_4hhdcOv%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya336.98694-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Црифин 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117805366307007549697/place/ChIJHxOn_mO2AhURDEyCMCUKqX4/@32.012021,34.7562973,3a,75y,301.89h,66.53t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNc_Mov8u3Y-g_Vmr-MrVq4XiTW56U88srSy4cl!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNc_Mov8u3Y-g_Vmr-MrVq4XiTW56U88srSy4cl%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya9.248157-ro-0-fo100!7i14142!8i7071!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s117805366307007549697!3m1!1e1">Бат Ям</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@32.03375,34.7441314,3a,50.6y,91.59h,72.93t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMMFJAdhPsN34MW1n-XipJHWrhdSGdCCfQEQWrD!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMMFJAdhPsN34MW1n-XipJHWrhdSGdCCfQEQWrD%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya120-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бат Ям – Яффа</a><br />
<br />
<b>Яффа и Тель Авив</b><br />
<a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/jaffa-israel">Яффа общая</a><br />
<a href="https://www.airpano.ru/360photo/tel-aviv/">Яффа – Тель Авив</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.055218,34.750758,3a,71.4y,137.75h,67.36t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPNEuxrM2pgE28CLErrCvR5rwmdbKlalmOLWS3l!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPNEuxrM2pgE28CLErrCvR5rwmdbKlalmOLWS3l%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya161.65263-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Яффа, Марина</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105103204529537305059/photos/@32.0540957,34.7535519,3a,75y,293.32h,66.93t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO7bo2nkPiXIWCe7KuWZ_i3rsYi6qlE9cEWkl5E!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO7bo2nkPiXIWCe7KuWZ_i3rsYi6qlE9cEWkl5E%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya252.24002-ro-0-fo100!7i13972!8i6987!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Яффа, парк</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113020720011444670247/photos/@32.051784,34.7616461,3a,52.1y,359.71h,66.13t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOGmwXhKu-jJ36ajRhuOe7_qcO-4bRSlKlqKaLi!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOGmwXhKu-jJ36ajRhuOe7_qcO-4bRSlKlqKaLi%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya80-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Яффа, Блюмфильд 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/place/ChIJ___b06JMHRURNi11toYNsmw/@32.050125,34.7610833,3a,75y,320.02h,74.26t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOg1qp9TMUetG37-P8cG9OAL7tY9i95fIqKG2AX!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOg1qp9TMUetG37-P8cG9OAL7tY9i95fIqKG2AX%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s107541251718649648289!3m1!1e1">Блюмфильд 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.0482154,34.7678206,3a,53.6y,228.54h,45.49t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM65XQ1T4oSMLjMIXjjTuhN3slyZX-_nNvuB80A!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM65XQ1T4oSMLjMIXjjTuhN3slyZX-_nNvuB80A%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya140.29224-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Яффа, Абу Кабир, Сабиль Абу Набут</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/place/ChIJ___b06JMHRURNi11toYNsmw/@32.0478138,34.77042,3a,85.6y,311.59h,83.28t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNPjEQcjGOVlAeqc7tAu3tF_xE_IWCrFBm2AQ0A!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNPjEQcjGOVlAeqc7tAu3tF_xE_IWCrFBm2AQ0A%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya47.503883-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s107541251718649648289!3m1!1e1">Абу Кабир 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@32.042142,34.767013,3a,15y,230.18h,73.09t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMtvtDJRHBInPYH6upJrEKe0-6Ia_uHnAyafOqh!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMtvtDJRHBInPYH6upJrEKe0-6Ia_uHnAyafOqh%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya7.765273-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Яффа, Кл-ще Тасо</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.0595703,34.7595482,3a,52.5y,312.91h,64.49t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNW2q_LUqdOg9w7jnmujqvxjqflUqaZ1vo6hgXW!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNW2q_LUqdOg9w7jnmujqvxjqflUqaZ1vo6hgXW%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya60.000004-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Авив, музей Эцель</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116703128105577323031/photos/@32.0627823,34.7637634,3a,51.1y,67.3h,79.28t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO1ez8999exGEZj5rNsA54YGI_D4LLk339_A4Ly!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO1ez8999exGEZj5rNsA54YGI_D4LLk339_A4Ly%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0.22508037-ya118.987144-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив, юг</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101354896908396127536/place/ChIJ4YCx28wpAxURdM3xod6sE24/@32.0680425,34.7620883,3a,64.2y,53.68h,61.51t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOrSTUv6LYH-S3NKKK7xndGECHealIhTUG7ZVU3!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOrSTUv6LYH-S3NKKK7xndGECHealIhTUG7ZVU3%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya33.355812-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s101354896908396127536!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив, мечеть Хасан Бек</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@32.0826467,34.768251,3a,75y,209.75h,78.07t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMvXFwBUWsmRitmRbRbIs822hw1qPk2NgEhMaCD!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMvXFwBUWsmRitmRbRbIs822hw1qPk2NgEhMaCD%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya184.58667-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив, пляж Гордон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@32.0845,34.7682812,3a,85y,315.37h,56.8t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPJWBuJ9IbWOck1RPcHxY22XULAswx5DGJEExUN!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPJWBuJ9IbWOck1RPcHxY22XULAswx5DGJEExUN%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya236.16-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив, Марина</a><br />
<a href="https://www.4panorama.co.il/virtual-tour/carlton-hotel/view">Тель Авив, макам Абд эн-Нэби 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.087534,34.769365,3a,38.8y,7.16h,75.72t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM0K-RAU8xqPkK7AHlaxWdHxv-iCC0iD1nC9Rgy!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM0K-RAU8xqPkK7AHlaxWdHxv-iCC0iD1nC9Rgy%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya276.5664-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Макам Абд эн-Нэби 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100651636707582044226/photos/@32.0990868,34.7961884,3a,15y,118.52h,79.61t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPabM_8jTGOKmHEX2NMPv3OeBs0G_kHY8uOvh2k!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPabM_8jTGOKmHEX2NMPv3OeBs0G_kHY8uOvh2k%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0.112540185-ya359.21222-ro-0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив, Тель Касиле</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110279530996864486488/photos/@32.0992149,34.7998803,3a,54.4y,257.95h,74t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMZpk8Q9b4XVKyT4Y55HkzFbCzf3Xe-cL7Eg6ai!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMZpk8Q9b4XVKyT4Y55HkzFbCzf3Xe-cL7Eg6ai%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив, Тель Гериса 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.0986445,34.811205,3a,40.9y,257.26h,80.34t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOHYZkBd2jwldPF-vT8nrbv50mRXvm5aT_YoX58!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOHYZkBd2jwldPF-vT8nrbv50mRXvm5aT_YoX58%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya5.4586525-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Гериса 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113020720011444670247/photos/@32.0759079,34.7706421,3a,75y,304.34h,54.56t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM5G7XiFXXqyGM2MFM47_PtRCAQDIpFP2QeRfbK!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM5G7XiFXXqyGM2MFM47_PtRCAQDIpFP2QeRfbK%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya309.63898-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив, Трумпельдор</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113020720011444670247/photos/@32.0801136,34.7738662,3a,75y,75.91h,68.75t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOgYHTeBAi4k-4FT5q0EIffKK2Roy0sB4Jusbm2!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOgYHTeBAi4k-4FT5q0EIffKK2Roy0sB4Jusbm2%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya60.000004-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив, Дизенгоф</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.0966682,34.7780571,3a,88.1y,259.79h,65.54t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOSHKNOywtu8mcpXsLd6VAMSCDKA9_aZ-QnIDdX!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOSHKNOywtu8mcpXsLd6VAMSCDKA9_aZ-QnIDdX%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya274.35928-ro-0-fo100!7i12246!8i6123">Тель Авив, р. Яркон 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.4panorama.co.il/virtual-tour/park-hayarkon-tel-aviv-360-aerial-photography/view">Р. Яркон 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1002133,34.8110717,3a,86.3y,333.06h,63.93t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMexODCql024fTx1oWerowZKGO8Srrnx1-pyDRO!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMexODCql024fTx1oWerowZKGO8Srrnx1-pyDRO%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya290.97922-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Авив, парк Яркон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.0993628,34.821795,3a,75y,264.76h,58t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOZDtESUbcThhlbD8_M2A9X4qBWdEmDPbro-sx3!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOZDtESUbcThhlbD8_M2A9X4qBWdEmDPbro-sx3%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив, стадион</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112724331590027276549/photos/@32.0712877,34.79544,3a,77.1y,153.6h,67.86t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMZB_ryWLPoGEGDM3yB4pD1Iy_-QIOilHaFj9k6!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMZB_ryWLPoGEGDM3yB4pD1Iy_-QIOilHaFj9k6%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив, ха-Шалом</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@32.1021245,34.8163724,3a,85.3y,226.45h,66.29t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNPcLRvKgvtuEtl-02REucKJUP5eDJD7tsh4TgW!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNPcLRvKgvtuEtl-02REucKJUP5eDJD7tsh4TgW%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya40-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив север</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113020720011444670247/photos/@32.0598072,34.7839442,3a,75y,55.22h,62.25t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOr3UZPNV0pEQU7LgtGMCuahQg1sfEwS1j19F9w!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOr3UZPNV0pEQU7LgtGMCuahQg1sfEwS1j19F9w%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya103.93548-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Авив, Ла-Гардия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116703128105577323031/place/ChIJw03eUbJLHRURIYXPsRL1d1A/@32.0781763,34.8195807,3a,78.6y,351.72h,76.58t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNuM7ff8kX7SgHy7tgsJ489MhUoX_bSEehnEu5L!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNuM7ff8kX7SgHy7tgsJ489MhUoX_bSEehnEu5L%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya127.4573-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s116703128105577323031!3m1!1e1">Рамат Ган, север</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116703128105577323031/photos/@32.0690308,34.8225784,3a,75y,268.83h,75.4t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOMGoTDA8QQURqyJg7azMSUygFaUZfMtK25cJej!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOMGoTDA8QQURqyJg7azMSUygFaUZfMtK25cJej%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya80-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Рамат Ган, юг</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117904302252422649179/photos/@32.0942839,34.8687018,3a,75y,45.8h,73.73t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP6O3J1uxH5yOb14jsRKDcth2u8NZMKcyHklifj!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP6O3J1uxH5yOb14jsRKDcth2u8NZMKcyHklifj%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Петах Тиква, парк</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107767269610891151570/photos/@32.1156308,34.8702086,3a,88.9y,62.08h,59.48t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMAo_cLpDX5zJ-r9CMFA9L2z-KyTfN_RzID2bTN!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMAo_cLpDX5zJ-r9CMFA9L2z-KyTfN_RzID2bTN%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кл-ще Яркон</a><br /><br />
<b>Побережье от Яффы до Нетании</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.0289358,34.8038469,3a,20.1y,339.02h,66.96t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO1OfSoop6EAxafYQd_Df8jydhMFMMrqCANFExk!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO1OfSoop6EAxafYQd_Df8jydhMFMMrqCANFExk%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya285.1682-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Азор–Язур</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.0212982,34.8029,3a,28.1y,41.7h,72.39t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMMjpnPmMsYl5B9QFV1xZV00mIeppwmJliQd9Lz!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMMjpnPmMsYl5B9QFV1xZV00mIeppwmJliQd9Lz%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya80-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Maqam sheikh al-Katanani</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.0010556,34.8774667,3a,75y,357.3h,71.48t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNFcYYDipxXwmQrWb9tS0Hc7EKAdixZr0czV_Nw!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNFcYYDipxXwmQrWb9tS0Hc7EKAdixZr0czV_Nw%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya33.63048-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Аэропорт Бен-Гурион</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113941981009832137219/photos/@31.964445,34.9513883,3a,75y,1.05h,68.16t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOn0eqxV5oSYsrUmYCgLihaPCpAe8kvR-lCt3BY!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOn0eqxV5oSYsrUmYCgLihaPCpAe8kvR-lCt3BY%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Хадид</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9974478,34.955336,3a,80y,108.51h,51.71t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOM9ZqqEAchXjTJ8EZhLXqebDnJ0EhUSWNKBQyc!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOM9ZqqEAchXjTJ8EZhLXqebDnJ0EhUSWNKBQyc%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya143.9219-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Х. эш-Шамия 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113020720011444670247/photos/@32.0048423,34.9632904,3a,85.1y,178.37h,58.97t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO9FM8bPQE5MXgTg1NwdLwutwQXyIpqwgxvTi9f!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO9FM8bPQE5MXgTg1NwdLwutwQXyIpqwgxvTi9f%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya91.39877-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Х. эш-Шамия 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.0372668,34.9540383,3a,79.4y,308.47h,51.89t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN9ofcyImAGAmyH4uCiHD1f593PMqn2kKbf-S1_!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN9ofcyImAGAmyH4uCiHD1f593PMqn2kKbf-S1_%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya249.82784-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Кула 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/118352688022691993635/photos/@32.0370525,34.9526333,3a,53.9y,99.88h,73.36t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNGhxf_c9vkD_E7JE79XNt9g0jMesiNkcRMqtmP!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNGhxf_c9vkD_E7JE79XNt9g0jMesiNkcRMqtmP%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya105.93247-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кула 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.0465188,34.9457433,3a,75y,278.33h,51.59t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNqsCSzD3i5NHMj20BTCTbVhfGZ5JeSwlW5Bl4I!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNqsCSzD3i5NHMj20BTCTbVhfGZ5JeSwlW5Bl4I%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Mazor Mausoleum 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.0464012,34.947475,3a,19y,302.41h,56.2t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMdOHAqBm70sZRYZsDEC46VqqurhC-Rd0PNi52b!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMdOHAqBm70sZRYZsDEC46VqqurhC-Rd0PNi52b%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya120-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Mausoleum 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113941981009832137219/photos/@32.0808333,34.9583333,3a,54.1y,348.29h,79.39t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM7HiqKwSQQ0WHDM-ezUSGMXycC7AxuUbaT5i8M!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM7HiqKwSQQ0WHDM-ezUSGMXycC7AxuUbaT5i8M%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya120-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мигдаль Цедек 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/109429665006344170020/photos/@32.0808739,34.9570683,3a,52y,24.85h,72.53t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMZ3VwTbb5m9FccOP3bhwfjhBd7ApHft09H9Xri!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMZ3VwTbb5m9FccOP3bhwfjhBd7ApHft09H9Xri%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya60-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мигдаль Цедек 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.4panorama.co.il/virtual-tour/national-park-migdal-afek-rosh-haayin/view">Мигдаль Цедек 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.08174,34.957216,3a,18.5y,9.59h,68.65t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN8HnkYn8Ia465jhOY6soDZrzdnsed6FJku-ltz!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN8HnkYn8Ia465jhOY6soDZrzdnsed6FJku-ltz%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya209.59631-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Макам шейх Бараз эд-Дин 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.081894,34.957943,3a,15y,341.59h,71.01t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPkotE8TyqhBZuv2ZSI2dODkmavqzRPtDQ--oz-!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPkotE8TyqhBZuv2ZSI2dODkmavqzRPtDQ--oz-%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya161.20001-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бараз эд-Дин 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.0897222,34.9427783,3a,61.1y,87.79h,66.31t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO8jano1KkYAFWOz7SRU9_PGcF-pVX75z2ZSaZG!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO8jano1KkYAFWOz7SRU9_PGcF-pVX75z2ZSaZG%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya357.7492-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">АЗС Рош ха-Айн</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/108936326217524202368/photos/@32.10714,34.961857,3a,20.5y,47.21h,74.96t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNrX_pAB6tS-tKbxGvFNqoU1cJ2FGVuU5Operoc!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNrX_pAB6tS-tKbxGvFNqoU1cJ2FGVuU5Operoc%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Рош ха-Айн, Избет Царта</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1050667,34.92997,3a,75y,230.88h,57.56t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPyji-1rEAG9cIQEchl7QAR7t3vU1ZAgMYqvmE6!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPyji-1rEAG9cIQEchl7QAR7t3vU1ZAgMYqvmE6%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya304.53058-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Афек (Антипатрида), общая</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@32.1060905,34.9315605,3a,86.6y,114.17h,71.06t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNNrP_Aw-sZf7VQE8xj7q0fDkTk63FZAb16Fy88!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNNrP_Aw-sZf7VQE8xj7q0fDkTk63FZAb16Fy88%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya292.47876-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Афек 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@32.1061287,34.9292297,3a,75y,48.84h,66.27t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOK06V47iedz-kbhsGzDuf4Z-eBdE0IBXDZ9xnH!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOK06V47iedz-kbhsGzDuf4Z-eBdE0IBXDZ9xnH%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya267.5849-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Афек 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@32.1108932,34.9178352,3a,86.4y,136.03h,49.67t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPHZKQV8RIMssn3dD5TSFZDnDbVBwRrjaKOOaSM!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPHZKQV8RIMssn3dD5TSFZDnDbVBwRrjaKOOaSM%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya80-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">ДОТ, р. Яркон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1144142,34.9159927,3a,49.9y,179.38h,76.57t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMrg0e9rRZfBSsq540q1R_bJKOLO7lPX_kEpjah!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMrg0e9rRZfBSsq540q1R_bJKOLO7lPX_kEpjah%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya239.18262-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Кфар Баптистим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.4panorama.co.il/virtual-tour/ramat-hasharon-360-aerial-photography/view">Рамат ха-Шарон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@32.1262932,34.8428154,3a,50.3y,39.37h,50.89t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNgtmOx2FQGEjs3D2vr1JFy3LOXmKQhqcwe9hrb!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNgtmOx2FQGEjs3D2vr1JFy3LOXmKQhqcwe9hrb%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Рамат ха-Шарон, место шейх Са'ад</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1308333,34.8622217,3a,51.1y,317.41h,62.53t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOyIh0d_7SLtimuEzggWSLRk071i9yRj26sXiho!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOyIh0d_7SLtimuEzggWSLRk071i9yRj26sXiho%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya297.54855-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Д/р Мораша</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.146198,34.9466817,3a,75y,211.03h,69.02t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipME2ZXlS3D87pEwbIR6ijX00NvGTnS4FbqkOatV!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipME2ZXlS3D87pEwbIR6ijX00NvGTnS4FbqkOatV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Д/р Хоршим 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.1396413,34.9629917,3a,79.8y,167.32h,50.74t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO4q0Pi73Dg6lu7KWRykyZAOm5CLpQ-8x6nHBAO!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO4q0Pi73Dg6lu7KWRykyZAOm5CLpQ-8x6nHBAO%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya120-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Д/р Хоршим 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.1451768,34.9524667,3a,60.5y,68.42h,90.86t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMEQ2enuDr9sirfux73ytmv7b2ytMQkjqVZwVju!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMEQ2enuDr9sirfux73ytmv7b2ytMQkjqVZwVju%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya60-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Джальджулья</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/106896142543992841790/photos/@32.1790314,34.9426193,3a,16y,27.76h,47.97t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNCwANTVPCDKeY7AaBC4IGapbnE2kfjf-fhx1Y!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNCwANTVPCDKeY7AaBC4IGapbnE2kfjf-fhx1Y%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нэби Саварка</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.20085,34.9639017,3a,15y,128.83h,79.25t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNZI8rRCNA5UORQqZgv0gCkZp8ZCp0A6X44izes!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNZI8rRCNA5UORQqZgv0gCkZp8ZCp0A6X44izes%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-2.0257235-ya186.75241-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нэби Шеман</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1905767,34.9568667,3a,75y,141.64h,64.18t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPYqjVJjLjQQvqQqVoFJpT-q6a77C__n9dC08SA!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPYqjVJjLjQQvqQqVoFJpT-q6a77C__n9dC08SA%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya330.72726-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Калькилия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.1746583,34.95895,3a,75y,177.3h,66.37t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOSZxikHR01OXelwmwfdXOsd70sEeoFz2Zx_lag!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOSZxikHR01OXelwmwfdXOsd70sEeoFz2Zx_lag%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Калькилия, 6-е шоссе</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@32.190577,34.956867,12.72h,-35.55p,0z">То же</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103702971003499804841/photos/@32.1855086,34.9089299,3a,56.5y,194.09h,65.9t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN-mfQZ0e4spRPZAbF17Q-U2H3TO4kvXSmhfP5a!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN-mfQZ0e4spRPZAbF17Q-U2H3TO4kvXSmhfP5a%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya358-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кфар Сава</a><br />
<a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/fields-near-the-town-of-raanana">Ра'анана – Ришпон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100568552265111190228/photos/@32.2127876,34.991745,3a,75y,70.96h,68.13t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOtQlNBcQ7fsUJyO78YKcRFQuz6jTgWqoe9FXCI!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOtQlNBcQ7fsUJyO78YKcRFQuz6jTgWqoe9FXCI%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya23.26454-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Цур Игаль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.2386651,35.0521924,3a,75y,10.94h,55.21t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMndGc3Bsjr31kaZIhTjMJURxnEkd7AyiKuVo5t!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMndGc3Bsjr31kaZIhTjMJURxnEkd7AyiKuVo5t%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya350.31894-ro-0-fo100!7i5656!8i2828">Сал'ит 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.242588,35.051259,3a,86.9y,191.9h,61.1t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMu4_gj7eKLJ6sD1xORmKPVw1OaaSCXOqp4G3RI!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMu4_gj7eKLJ6sD1xORmKPVw1OaaSCXOqp4G3RI%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya235.49759-ro0-fo100!7i5000!8i2500">Сал'ит 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.2660181,35.0103908,3a,89.9y,147.72h,80.89t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPd7NdW1YeJ2FWhYJ9A68l4IPElE6lIw-3O3S6H!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPd7NdW1YeJ2FWhYJ9A68l4IPElE6lIw-3O3S6H%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya315.72025-ro-0-fo100!7i10000!8i5000">Тайбе</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@32.316405,34.9355779,3a,75y,333.35h,68.01t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPWPlMKeKYJpfxn1HTfqGvfD-QkV1kr_xh-rpJg!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPWPlMKeKYJpfxn1HTfqGvfD-QkV1kr_xh-rpJg%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кфар Иона 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.3135783,34.93635,3a,50.4y,128.51h,70.05t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOkb1vrHv7AfJkCDRFIjz5NEarrCbBtCHY5Ivwm!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOkb1vrHv7AfJkCDRFIjz5NEarrCbBtCHY5Ivwm%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya288.24982-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Кфар Иона 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1070122,34.776472,3a,39.6y,300.3h,84.72t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOXZuE8WaROd9LETjSvXXxlUFfaBbu2uFEvr-H_!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOXZuE8WaROd9LETjSvXXxlUFfaBbu2uFEvr-H_%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya5.980461-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000">Аэродром Дов Хоз 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1181198,34.7818617,3a,68.2y,53.7h,79.84t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPmYFxheeYa47D-tPcZ2Hosmp_ITlZwHUqGear5!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPmYFxheeYa47D-tPcZ2Hosmp_ITlZwHUqGear5%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya32.285297-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Дов Хоз 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1420784,34.7903481,3a,58.6y,27.9h,71.12t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOZOJ7TwenR5svJdGVckgEsVeL2HX0GJr2o6l1r!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOZOJ7TwenR5svJdGVckgEsVeL2HX0GJr2o6l1r%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535">Пляж ха-Цук</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113020720011444670247/photos/@32.1632233,34.7959331,3a,75y,13.74h,67.09t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOgFSZtDVfmpV0SG7PqWbf6aUQB9ltyE1y3nqcl!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOgFSZtDVfmpV0SG7PqWbf6aUQB9ltyE1y3nqcl%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya318.489-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Герцлия, Марина</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113020720011444670247/photos/@32.167476,34.84238,3a,79.5y,222.02h,54.64t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMZIb1lhDFfc6Ls7ON16nNKwz3raV1XZW72klDJ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMZIb1lhDFfc6Ls7ON16nNKwz3raV1XZW72klDJ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya173.81223-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Герцлия, центр 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.4panorama.co.il/virtual-tour/herzliya-aerial-photography/view">Центр 2</a><br />
<a href="https://vt.panovision.co.il/herzliyapark/herzliyapark.html">Герцлия, парк</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1701067,34.7979667,3a,55.5y,315.19h,77.69t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMAyrNo6GDkSTv1Tjcw8ko1ovMC5Oyspx1s73MQ!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMAyrNo6GDkSTv1Tjcw8ko1ovMC5Oyspx1s73MQ%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya358.47568-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Герцлия, пляжи юг</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@32.1791233,34.8011033,3a,75y,358.12h,54.49t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO_IOS7YVxVqx0Yfj4wvt_kFHSxgA3kwU6bJtqn!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO_IOS7YVxVqx0Yfj4wvt_kFHSxgA3kwU6bJtqn%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya314.97186-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Герцлия, пляжи север</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.189607,34.805794,3a,48.9y,176.83h,71.57t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPdxacRYxLOdRnWBQnyTnpr-GoMQpXLK86NhXNi!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPdxacRYxLOdRnWBQnyTnpr-GoMQpXLK86NhXNi%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya328.1044-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мечеть Сидна Али 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/109429665006344170020/photos/@32.188248,34.8041108,3a,42.1y,115.63h,83.63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM8J_k75iOmr_Y-29I9ch9O6RkwOHkrTkFcTG0I!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM8J_k75iOmr_Y-29I9ch9O6RkwOHkrTkFcTG0I%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya280-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Сидна Али 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.188248,34.8041108,3a,55.6y,80.7h,78.55t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM8J_k75iOmr_Y-29I9ch9O6RkwOHkrTkFcTG0I!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM8J_k75iOmr_Y-29I9ch9O6RkwOHkrTkFcTG0I%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya255.26556-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Сидна Али 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.1952896,34.8056374,3a,81.6y,310.45h,63.39t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP3kHSgKPKoCCud0jXtvGntEnKr5roNTs_x1pJz!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP3kHSgKPKoCCud0jXtvGntEnKr5roNTs_x1pJz%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i9550!8i4775!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Арсуф 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@32.1959686,34.8063164,3a,88y,309.84h,53.51t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOU80FbQHqbBBgNswUPeLGHfxhGbGBO11V0csXq!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOU80FbQHqbBBgNswUPeLGHfxhGbGBO11V0csXq%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya160-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Арсуф 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.26348,34.83406,3a,71.6y,5.27h,61.34t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMaNs6T43Tysr-CvA1jHPQZFBotvYpErMu3iODj!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMaNs6T43Tysr-CvA1jHPQZFBotvYpErMu3iODj%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya19.87714-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Хурват Польгит</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.2734357,34.8331759,3a,53.6y,135.28h,74.95t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOdI1zixSgApcIVZxomD7j7GYTYsWPAJaUxPqbo!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOdI1zixSgApcIVZxomD7j7GYTYsWPAJaUxPqbo%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya327.47998-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Пляж Полег</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/108593611463943722847/photos/@32.27666,34.8393483,3a,75y,11.56h,87.63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNxPIN3eAuGrk9PbonyeKDrDBUknlQsLHzJhq9z!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNxPIN3eAuGrk9PbonyeKDrDBUknlQsLHzJhq9z%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ир Ямим 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/108593611463943722847/photos/@32.2755567,34.836775,3a,75y,357.16h,89.28t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipODfU07S9uun1dtQZm1_IOkc13O4z3pGjpjWSnd!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipODfU07S9uun1dtQZm1_IOkc13O4z3pGjpjWSnd%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya230.99678-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ир Ямим 2</a><br />
<br />
<b>Побережье после Нетании</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@32.291801,34.847814,3a,75y,242.5h,68.25t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO5CqlBtsjBa-sySOmbGOI971sjpWrexx599Gab!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO5CqlBtsjBa-sySOmbGOI971sjpWrexx599Gab%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нетания, Биркет Дора</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101344822722147606900/photos/@32.3137451,34.8460468,3a,58.7y,233.44h,63.99t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMbAerOyzIKPK6e5u4Hdn_h6T3JGzRQ8Jj6vfTS!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMbAerOyzIKPK6e5u4Hdn_h6T3JGzRQ8Jj6vfTS%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya340-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нетания, юг</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.3283333,34.848055,3a,75y,297.2h,63.18t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM3_ctvr6HDV2ZELGsPkr5_o04wmbTzEMmK5VBq!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM3_ctvr6HDV2ZELGsPkr5_o04wmbTzEMmK5VBq%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya295.88065-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нетания, пляж</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.3451271,34.8537865,3a,75y,273.46h,60.44t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOaSkvVK2u9PCk7i4Op1n_rE-_rDZwDEot7W-Wd!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOaSkvVK2u9PCk7i4Op1n_rE-_rDZwDEot7W-Wd%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya180.00749-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нетания, север</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.3403206,34.8730392,3a,75y,301.5h,74.11t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMoVJ0HodYL01G0LOthb0ts3UKhNktRECrfKEC0!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMoVJ0HodYL01G0LOthb0ts3UKhNktRECrfKEC0%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya228.86922-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нетания, северо-восток</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@32.365642,34.873098,3a,62.2y,12.11h,67.16t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMbYmEouJBcEcFQVpmV2n2Xx1BFiUo0FtdrsZ3I!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMbYmEouJBcEcFQVpmV2n2Xx1BFiUo0FtdrsZ3I%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бейт ха-Ришоним</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@32.365642,34.873098,3a,15y,281.53h,29.63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMbYmEouJBcEcFQVpmV2n2Xx1BFiUo0FtdrsZ3I!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMbYmEouJBcEcFQVpmV2n2Xx1BFiUo0FtdrsZ3I%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Макам ш. Шараф ?</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110560687073784167626/photos/@32.3595314,34.9949265,3a,88.1y,162.28h,58.78t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOX4QyBBpKI4YhGcjZGAi5dbaWMRlROlC8pprtM!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOX4QyBBpKI4YhGcjZGAi5dbaWMRlROlC8pprtM%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Какун</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@32.3936967,34.8699833,3a,52.2y,167.13h,70.37t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMRrtucVVGRiVr3vMueoJo8ANt4GRlpIHkcaieX!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMRrtucVVGRiVr3vMueoJo8ANt4GRlpIHkcaieX%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Александер, мост</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/109429665006344170020/photos/@32.3921925,34.8778287,3a,90y,355.76h,49.71t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOoL1rtr3FDeEqqeuJccvwYW_-4VeacSFOxs893!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOoL1rtr3FDeEqqeuJccvwYW_-4VeacSFOxs893%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya185.8521-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хурват Самара 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/118413736923989285788/photos/@32.3914986,34.8774338,3a,47.8y,200.79h,72.22t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOflS7QsRYLSyCfzJky4bg0fiVMeWkoE_mCvCot!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOflS7QsRYLSyCfzJky4bg0fiVMeWkoE_mCvCot%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya300-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хурват Самара 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.402315,34.866131,3a,84.8y,16.59h,55.31t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNGY4VD_Gj-dBhUljwavPXMv4yXKMrprIYYdhPT!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNGY4VD_Gj-dBhUljwavPXMv4yXKMrprIYYdhPT%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya225.18845-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Мевоот Ям</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@32.401607,34.868863,3a,75y,357.19h,59.39t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO5wfCzMNWD1Cagmw5h01DBLIsvT0aa5VChLv_7!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO5wfCzMNWD1Cagmw5h01DBLIsvT0aa5VChLv_7%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya346.5-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Михморет</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4252739,34.8783913,3a,18.5y,245.57h,80.17t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMhFdWuuJ2YwGS5X-t2hP2aQOTtsxoApGmebyvC!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMhFdWuuJ2YwGS5X-t2hP2aQOTtsxoApGmebyvC%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya323.22342-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Гадор 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107475214615732021214/photos/@32.4303183,34.8761417,3a,45.5y,277.6h,71.31t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPB03nMhG9kkxE5jsgkiEbVxYzIT--8F0Sv7ISW!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPB03nMhG9kkxE5jsgkiEbVxYzIT--8F0Sv7ISW%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Гадор 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4494317,34.8793583,3a,45.5y,284.96h,79.56t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN8ooIvQ8BQ3xqAaH9xorf0MTOXT2VbYPa6tDA2!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN8ooIvQ8BQ3xqAaH9xorf0MTOXT2VbYPa6tDA2%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya258.86554-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Афар</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4647017,34.919625,3a,24.6y,281.89h,80.66t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOTA5SOMF2dCY2aVor4v6ONLA83rkYew5DhSA29!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOTA5SOMF2dCY2aVor4v6ONLA83rkYew5DhSA29%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya2.1557128-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Абу Фарадж</a><br />
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/WikiAir_IL-13-10_B023.jpg">*) Хадера, макам шейх Хилув</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4649117,34.8912467,3a,61.2y,337.82h,69.65t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMNPpQ-NWrZuPJC9d-zD2_Lm71nRVswB0e-ZPnD!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMNPpQ-NWrZuPJC9d-zD2_Lm71nRVswB0e-ZPnD%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya274.8471-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Парк Н. Хадера</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4407631,34.8972748,3a,86.2y,16.35h,66.07t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPFDwRCe-szQuAUqG-Ef1zrG02kFcQMEJxmoYBy!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPFDwRCe-szQuAUqG-Ef1zrG02kFcQMEJxmoYBy%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya34.97344-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Гив'ат Ольга</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4668133,34.892795,3a,77.6y,29.52h,79.38t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO68a7MrXdmudl2Jog70C5hOfLhX3_XpVBkexPA!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO68a7MrXdmudl2Jog70C5hOfLhX3_XpVBkexPA%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya329.4659-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Орот Рабин 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4709317,34.8853433,3a,75y,4.64h,72.02t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMfgIxc-mBO6TnmcKeexjxt1AI6AamR65gkJAxD!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMfgIxc-mBO6TnmcKeexjxt1AI6AamR65gkJAxD%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya355.7018-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Орот Рабин 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4802067,34.90179,3a,75y,86.64h,70.79t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM51I4yM3YMcKgRvAqMHW_Ob4w_m3-o-0Wb2Yjv!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM51I4yM3YMcKgRvAqMHW_Ob4w_m3-o-0Wb2Yjv%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya186.32639-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Сдот-Ям, карьер</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4915617,34.891945,3a,75y,174.38h,53.01t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMKjZbijv05XdSkrwYJl4EJpZYoI8Cf9dSj4y_M!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMKjZbijv05XdSkrwYJl4EJpZYoI8Cf9dSj4y_M%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya330.7437-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Сдот-Ям</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.5031083,34.891265,3a,73.7y,0.96h,54.58t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNU_YXVQTb0pZhGDXxzqCzEFyQOtZU3129ahhB8!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNU_YXVQTb0pZhGDXxzqCzEFyQOtZU3129ahhB8%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кесария 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.497383,34.892592,3a,75y,280.27h,71.75t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOOnrwImp5zEEXYcRvhVpP3dj2Vd8BxvjefezAu!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOOnrwImp5zEEXYcRvhVpP3dj2Vd8BxvjefezAu%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya327.62308-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кесария 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.5016483,34.8912483,3a,66.6y,82.67h,54.13t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMx_Hs3z5sDbFwWS7KLaYxULbpZAzgnJ5kYhz_V!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMx_Hs3z5sDbFwWS7KLaYxULbpZAzgnJ5kYhz_V%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya63.938908-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кесария 3</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5008757,34.8947222,3a,90y,2.78h,62.13t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMXIyA1h46Re9K1xhsfSDu0aotVycIBhPI3jMa9!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMXIyA1h46Re9K1xhsfSDu0aotVycIBhPI3jMa9%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya98.8073-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Кесария 4</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.503795,34.89163,3a,64.4y,335.96h,65.83t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPOaoTsFu3T9L5oWXi8reerPg_lzErA_FENRN3F!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPOaoTsFu3T9L5oWXi8reerPg_lzErA_FENRN3F%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya23.00729-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Кесария 5</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.50052,34.9008533,3a,75y,214.23h,79.44t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNt8xW3WDVxfIFctcjGpdqS6vnvyRcAh37dQ2hL!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNt8xW3WDVxfIFctcjGpdqS6vnvyRcAh37dQ2hL%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кесария, Ипподром</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.5070033,34.9029567,3a,90y,44.85h,55.49t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP1FEHHLKX4OON6HW-m11FDG_SiWUcjsv4kV35G!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP1FEHHLKX4OON6HW-m11FDG_SiWUcjsv4kV35G%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кесария, Birds Mosaic</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5129433,34.89718,3a,47.2y,237.42h,63.14t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPZepLewcVKdqkaZ0pY_37nQjwSrEcJ3rsJwMZI!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPZepLewcVKdqkaZ0pY_37nQjwSrEcJ3rsJwMZI%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0.22508039-ya354.48553-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Акведук в Кесарии 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5141883,34.8971717,3a,75y,104.22h,62.04t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMBZ3GYfRBp_YGF9Ii7D8koD7hgF9v95ZDR4zhA!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMBZ3GYfRBp_YGF9Ii7D8koD7hgF9v95ZDR4zhA%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya27.661863-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Акведук 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.513302,34.898026,3a,75y,312.36h,66.43t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sAF1QipOe4Rrr5iTxBrviJ1wes59DuUdAg7vOHWKgJtLJ!2e10!7i12000!8i6000">Акведук 3</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5152473,34.9000015,3a,75y,67.08h,63.32t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPyN88zs4pNVsxUDxueCyUz4mJm_13NE_1D2Enp!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPyN88zs4pNVsxUDxueCyUz4mJm_13NE_1D2Enp%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya263.7837-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Акведук 4</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110682840523126460758/photos/@32.5153542,34.9073067,3a,84.7y,328.65h,60.09t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOcyD_HHfbZ1AuNB3L5g1GUNEEzop5ry_kVcapd!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOcyD_HHfbZ1AuNB3L5g1GUNEEzop5ry_kVcapd%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya120.67524-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мошав Кесария</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@32.5146148,34.9232705,3a,78.3y,53.58h,58.9t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNkihexEEe2XWbS6e_4SNgmYilWQI5MQrri0oP4!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNkihexEEe2XWbS6e_4SNgmYilWQI5MQrri0oP4%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya60-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ор Акива</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@32.536262,34.911569,3a,86.6y,228.72h,66.56t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO4b9imi0RH0iIE1Z4WR97xtjUYBG2X-E0Ye2eV!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO4b9imi0RH0iIE1Z4WR97xtjUYBG2X-E0Ye2eV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i7000!8i3500!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Джиср эз-Зарка</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.532,34.9216133,3a,61.6y,129.44h,74.38t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOt1yySK5NN_gX_DP4y-1vGRlDqlcegP3lyegOY!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOt1yySK5NN_gX_DP4y-1vGRlDqlcegP3lyegOY%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya100-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Акведук в Бейт Хананья</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.5275,34.9226917,3a,53y,295.13h,79.82t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMVV3RGT3qaVT8aFwxIKlGdoU7uM2Ny1I2fbN1A!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMVV3RGT3qaVT8aFwxIKlGdoU7uM2Ny1I2fbN1A%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бейт Хананья</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@32.538918,34.901462,3a,75y,184.72h,66.57t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPvQB5qSGT6dpw1Z9j_OFPz8XlQQ3uqRM9Y0UO_!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPvQB5qSGT6dpw1Z9j_OFPz8XlQQ3uqRM9Y0UO_%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Таниним 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.538364,34.902183,3a,75y,240.5h,61.12t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOjV5uInQvqdu-uAGsIt2roLO1eENPO3lqDLmNh!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOjV5uInQvqdu-uAGsIt2roLO1eENPO3lqDLmNh%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya230.794-ro0-fo100!7i9558!8i4779!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Таниним 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.537261,34.901301,3a,75y,54.25h,64.95t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMRIJCnOLYW9AePfifdJYRHmDsCBJM8r9C7xAtu!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMRIJCnOLYW9AePfifdJYRHmDsCBJM8r9C7xAtu%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya296.95444-ro0-fo100!7i9576!8i4788!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Таниним 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5474635,34.9132026,3a,77.4y,259.61h,58.02t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMcUaIYs8Dmp6DihCfdP00vDhr4cRN1DRsTUxvM!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMcUaIYs8Dmp6DihCfdP00vDhr4cRN1DRsTUxvM%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya70.91289-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Зпв. Таниним 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.54813,34.9152883,3a,75y,250.83h,60.77t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMBtk9npizuicS8JHwdZ3SkgVz8SgB5xtatMb-q!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMBtk9npizuicS8JHwdZ3SkgVz8SgB5xtatMb-q%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Зпв. Таниним 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.5466867,35.0017492,3a,63.2y,100.41h,62.33t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP7TGJy1MV8DJlOSOQJmbc-ba1CYFzcqzFCYUtg!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP7TGJy1MV8DJlOSOQJmbc-ba1CYFzcqzFCYUtg%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya60-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Таниним</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@32.33766,34.958934,3a,66.5y,330.87h,59.21t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNeCADViEupWWjaP7XdjZPgflKlXgDnbWdS4wyD!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNeCADViEupWWjaP7XdjZPgflKlXgDnbWdS4wyD%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-4.709193-ya223.0394-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Ишкаф</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.4292641,34.9727135,3a,88.3y,347.44h,55.04t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOtauyaf54oVeo8YRg59oEpBiazMKJmTLp1yJJq!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOtauyaf54oVeo8YRg59oEpBiazMKJmTLp1yJJq%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya116.848885-ro-0-fo100!7i16000!8i8000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Зрор</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/109429665006344170020/photos/@32.5524324,34.9453,3a,57.9y,96.8h,75.37t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNtW40eqRs1d_u-8pz0akU1FyalxJi2gSlra8Dn!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNtW40eqRs1d_u-8pz0akU1FyalxJi2gSlra8Dn%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хурват Элек 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107475214615732021214/photos/@32.5496933,34.952055,3a,40.9y,306.12h,77.44t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPmVdUCN48dErWWCAmGdhFG1_H1hg-ma5Unux0k!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPmVdUCN48dErWWCAmGdhFG1_H1hg-ma5Unux0k%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хурват Элек 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.578775,34.9220733,3a,55.9y,261.63h,62.28t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOpdz74PycjPSjq56GTghjw3-0E2dnv1gSisAnR!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOpdz74PycjPSjq56GTghjw3-0E2dnv1gSisAnR%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya307.20258-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Абдон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104533223426174030744/photos/@32.5777417,34.9244367,3a,51.6y,260.36h,69.13t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPTk-4NmAYtybLse-y1vUgm7eWf_6BNAnvZV9ts!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPTk-4NmAYtybLse-y1vUgm7eWf_6BNAnvZV9ts%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пляж Мааян Цви 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5796817,34.921355,3a,83.9y,328.32h,62.54t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOlp0UBQSw-KookT7PvbyoHNrtYi6ZxLupKaDZx!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOlp0UBQSw-KookT7PvbyoHNrtYi6ZxLupKaDZx%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya282.1055-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Пляж 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@32.5785446,34.9454384,3a,15y,234.52h,73.66t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNHXFsGrO1vjiT1BxU3MP3RsVSA69h08AHZVBlV!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNHXFsGrO1vjiT1BxU3MP3RsVSA69h08AHZVBlV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya349.49133-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тегарт Зихрон Яаков</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@32.5905507,34.9492646,3a,53.9y,28.95h,61.89t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP8SmJTpbpOHu9yQ6UHK3jnizm6BdkGKreG2kVL!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP8SmJTpbpOHu9yQ6UHK3jnizm6BdkGKreG2kVL%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya192.67653-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эл-Фурейдис</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100426106894876235992/photos/@32.5250846,35.0168861,3a,57y,182.49h,65.35t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO781hjhyRqddpw6Oj6K-LKdQ3cpe25ecmgPA4!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO781hjhyRqddpw6Oj6K-LKdQ3cpe25ecmgPA4%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гив'ат Ада</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5609884,35.0767832,3a,50.5y,253h,71.79t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMEj4uMNU0C1NZK60oKcwCNCq9jf3WWsVpOW7nE!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMEj4uMNU0C1NZK60oKcwCNCq9jf3WWsVpOW7nE%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya26.814457-ro-0-fo100!7i10000!8i5000">Гал'ед</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4743271,34.9810181,3a,52.6y,242.61h,68.34t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMGNBhJ6yPhVwaGYHKeV3vSlqY8sbYSfwUB01k!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMGNBhJ6yPhVwaGYHKeV3vSlqY8sbYSfwUB01k%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya266.57037-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Пардес Ханна Каркур, центр</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4786367,34.98892,3a,75y,20.65h,66.14t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMx2JilQgqW_Y0rt9P0PpO_c_vgX6YIO75ARRgd!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMx2JilQgqW_Y0rt9P0PpO_c_vgX6YIO75ARRgd%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya57.716164-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Пардес Ханна Каркур, север</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107680371244646643350/photos/@32.4507558,35.0336303,3a,47.4y,316.43h,76.1t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM0w1LxZmsZATeqiVO6wkrD3t6HL9-kgAP2SRtb!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM0w1LxZmsZATeqiVO6wkrD3t6HL9-kgAP2SRtb%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Tel Narbeta</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107680371244646643350/photos/@32.4638481,35.0657463,3a,71.3y,312.88h,51.12t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMKKKRlGna_aABQi4WpmU9CNjqdMujZSWYKzuAP!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMKKKRlGna_aABQi4WpmU9CNjqdMujZSWYKzuAP%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i16000!8i8000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мейсар 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107680371244646643350/photos/@32.4489126,35.0397221,3a,55.6y,308.91h,78.13t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO-LSsOSR_Ql7KuES3EMFsxMh0j4db3r9bWUUy2!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO-LSsOSR_Ql7KuES3EMFsxMh0j4db3r9bWUUy2%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мейсар 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4551408,35.0567836,3a,75y,214.66h,63.12t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNjh401PODEEm47GiLP95KDF_uHP8MmTjF3qskR!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNjh401PODEEm47GiLP95KDF_uHP8MmTjF3qskR%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya314.1822-ro-0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000">Хариш</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4462929,35.0508194,3a,87.1y,231h,69.53t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOQlYSvk8KCR8Ru1LOsJflaVnzcpD4TRUVF8yc!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOQlYSvk8KCR8Ru1LOsJflaVnzcpD4TRUVF8yc%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya279.19055-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Хариш с юга</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107372157831640282897/photos/@32.468084,35.059149,3a,80.2y,85.69h,64.43t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNbJHSFDNn8kzFRTrbPEInTLqgP8HHhWgFRTsE-!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNbJHSFDNn8kzFRTrbPEInTLqgP8HHhWgFRTsE-%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya340-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Умм эл-Кутуф</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107372157831640282897/photos/@32.4776342,35.0438383,3a,80.9y,59.41h,56.14t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMCdfuTitrp6qk0FqY6aGDcQUj_dL8JWVgx-dM3!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMCdfuTitrp6qk0FqY6aGDcQUj_dL8JWVgx-dM3%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi27.187784-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i6614!8i2306!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Х. эл-Хафур</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.4741631,35.069912,3a,75y,210.59h,76.71t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPvIT1VGAnZEpQeTGHUukzZN1o5wi_xLRC5a8g0!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPvIT1VGAnZEpQeTGHUukzZN1o5wi_xLRC5a8g0%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya239.03922-ro0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535">Х. эл-Мудавара</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107372157831640282897/photos/@32.4862897,35.0569228,3a,49.9y,52.42h,66.48t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPvTTF02PPDiX49nj7TejKCnFo4QcKZRi8XwYFz!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPvTTF02PPDiX49nj7TejKCnFo4QcKZRi8XwYFz%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi34.739494-ya160-ro-0-fo100!7i7141!8i2192!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Лес Ирон 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107372157831640282897/photos/@32.4912336,35.0713958,3a,90y,165.57h,71.39t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP50SxwWkUe7TyhWLudy68BVvwJoDpmko3MZagV!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP50SxwWkUe7TyhWLudy68BVvwJoDpmko3MZagV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi31.822918-ya280-ro-0-fo100!7i6913!8i2234!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Лес 'Ирон 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107680371244646643350/photos/@32.4489126,35.0397221,3a,55.6y,308.91h,78.13t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO-LSsOSR_Ql7KuES3EMFsxMh0j4db3r9bWUUy2!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO-LSsOSR_Ql7KuES3EMFsxMh0j4db3r9bWUUy2%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Х. эл-Бурейдж, Кафр Кара</a><br />
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/WikiAir_IL-13-10_B176.jpg">*) Кафр Кара с юго-востока</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.60931,34.9158517,3a,75y,63.75h,69.09t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPnMJwBFd4d0DdI7clUDr7bO5S0gPKyvMRTG5fq!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPnMJwBFd4d0DdI7clUDr7bO5S0gPKyvMRTG5fq%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тантура 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.6101317,34.9170433,3a,75y,298.1h,74.95t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPsvbQTznCr2b8Fwpam6w0bEtnR9FhF-SYBmQ3w!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPsvbQTznCr2b8Fwpam6w0bEtnR9FhF-SYBmQ3w%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тантура 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110682840523126460758/photos/@32.6092262,34.915802,3a,39.8y,108.38h,60.21t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO9d3KAkZ1BcNSJKyGAW8BFCAi0tLJPkFo2Faak!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO9d3KAkZ1BcNSJKyGAW8BFCAi0tLJPkFo2Faak%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya280-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тантура, макам ш. Мухаммад</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/118352688022691993635/photos/@32.6103383,34.9187367,3a,82.1y,90.19h,79.88t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNyUrErfk67tGWYo_RyQaPX4RjFe5KKkXdG19rH!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNyUrErfk67tGWYo_RyQaPX4RjFe5KKkXdG19rH%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахшолим 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.6140217,34.9209117,3a,54.2y,220.67h,70.55t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOWin_GqlASafExhucQuAGDxUoFl5r7mOLeIE32!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOWin_GqlASafExhucQuAGDxUoFl5r7mOLeIE32%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya150.61649-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нахшолим 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.61856,34.9580633,3a,75y,238.55h,77.15t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPPDWK159wycemdujLJCOuZLUo6Z1RKRMzhz0lB!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPPDWK159wycemdujLJCOuZLUo6Z1RKRMzhz0lB%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya259.96594-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Карьер у Нахшолима</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116677382891179514836/photos/@32.6211929,34.9197197,3a,51.5y,252.87h,68.36t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP61i-2CWy9EmKQ0zT8fBO7Q3rrKIjf1PgBf9ad!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP61i-2CWy9EmKQ0zT8fBO7Q3rrKIjf1PgBf9ad%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Дор 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.6162817,34.9164333,3a,75y,317.31h,52.74t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPDDapr1djjx172RUZ7zQjzOFuffV_r9JvPkLMY!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPDDapr1djjx172RUZ7zQjzOFuffV_r9JvPkLMY%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya330.42905-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Дор 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105103204529537305059/photos/@32.6706878,34.966162,3a,90y,343.28h,65.83t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMnRk4JA-bUw8hMjjEn6ofEis5e4UNAXERjIjF1!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMnRk4JA-bUw8hMjjEn6ofEis5e4UNAXERjIjF1%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-1.4630225-ya291.3344-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пещеры Кармель</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@32.7067981,34.9395305,3a,49.6y,330.07h,67.31t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP3-JwJCnJy1v3MxehpO-CGvfPstMO1jj15QKlz!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP3-JwJCnJy1v3MxehpO-CGvfPstMO1jj15QKlz%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya340-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Атлит 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/photos/@32.7058334,34.9324989,3a,69.5y,15.41h,70.94t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPpwt7BWkUCM0UhraOKu1HfTyl3ekya0KVWxKpp!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPpwt7BWkUCM0UhraOKu1HfTyl3ekya0KVWxKpp%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Атлит 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.705857,34.965417,3a,49.8y,23.09h,78.03t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNVCM0FyXKAy5FiP9ngRO6wkc1mIRNk3Q4iuSkM!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNVCM0FyXKAy5FiP9ngRO6wkc1mIRNk3Q4iuSkM%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya235.59286-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Тюрьма Кармель</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100372499750213429035/photos/@32.6699117,35.0393675,3a,79.8y,149.02h,65.57t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOvGnlq5Lm_b8aijtDy4HHWBY_2KVJijGcPkhr8!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOvGnlq5Lm_b8aijtDy4HHWBY_2KVJijGcPkhr8%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya300-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хурват Сумак</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/photos/@32.730072,35.0560493,3a,84.1y,193.79h,70.6t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOJ_R0sM2F7PkiUYOcd0lP0UVuGtgc-hRTDGNV8!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOJ_R0sM2F7PkiUYOcd0lP0UVuGtgc-hRTDGNV8%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Исфия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110560687073784167626/photos/@32.5945549,35.0042152,3a,66.2y,174.43h,61.63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNu52LefSLmPwHSvDXGHeZWahqitctHg6tsIbKd!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNu52LefSLmPwHSvDXGHeZWahqitctHg6tsIbKd%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya300-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ст. Бат Шломо</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@32.702366,34.97946,3a,73.4y,127.19h,57.89t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMn5ii3Mt8st1Pd3cTl1tJwMxZhPrvtEMfwQie4!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMn5ii3Mt8st1Pd3cTl1tJwMxZhPrvtEMfwQie4%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0.65666074-ya342.43152-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйн Ход</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7302367,35.0135298,3a,64.7y,68.71h,64.71t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO0SMqvOvbYL7qILsFES_nWU8dANO5LzzYQ2Kso!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO0SMqvOvbYL7qILsFES_nWU8dANO5LzzYQ2Kso%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya50.326485-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Бейт Орен</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.7344,35.0394073,3a,57.3y,219.02h,70.23t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNt2-upeWNLz2hkloRw8vAvmzb59MWSngNXJVR8!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNt2-upeWNLz2hkloRw8vAvmzb59MWSngNXJVR8%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya280-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Дамон 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.7324967,35.0408695,3a,51.7y,179.08h,68.21t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN5r38-xo25FfkdUlTK011U6dMzO_PLmmuIc4Yt!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN5r38-xo25FfkdUlTK011U6dMzO_PLmmuIc4Yt%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Дамон 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100372499750213429035/photos/@32.7766617,34.9740883,3a,74.8y,251.07h,85.82t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMSIqFCco5AF9cnDLAdOofiOllStGFXGXoXuCzN!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMSIqFCco5AF9cnDLAdOofiOllStGFXGXoXuCzN%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тират Кармель 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100372499750213429035/photos/@32.78078,34.970445,3a,63.2y,76.99h,81.93t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPlN421F5XxpSHhizSxN7cGuk_8rL0__xMwzgmk!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPlN421F5XxpSHhizSxN7cGuk_8rL0__xMwzgmk%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya100-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тират Кармель 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@32.760375,34.983348,3a,50y,126.74h,84.69t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMNOxWitfNczVIWISsCs3gjxWDZqIedYy1k18m6!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMNOxWitfNczVIWISsCs3gjxWDZqIedYy1k18m6%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya316.724-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пещера Оранит</a><br /><br />
<b>Хайфа</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8230296,34.9582654,3a,90y,312.47h,66.04t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO6dFRqHK5zEGNIXHa5ZLSDvU2bNORunecvndYq!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO6dFRqHK5zEGNIXHa5ZLSDvU2bNORunecvndYq%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya260.5116-ro0-fo100!7i2508!8i1254">Хайфа, Тель Шикмона</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@32.8100571,35.0124709,3a,25.5y,256h,74.93t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipODLBJ73zMRlWqSng2d4CtDgYp16-f8_QdS212c!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipODLBJ73zMRlWqSng2d4CtDgYp16-f8_QdS212c%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya100-ro-0-fo100!7i6000!8i3000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хайфа, мечеть 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110682840523126460758/photos/@32.8132248,35.0023041,3a,52.2y,54.79h,50.73t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMJzjYz0UTTULF0St85YcLjM3SUmc-ltuKeSK7c!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMJzjYz0UTTULF0St85YcLjM3SUmc-ltuKeSK7c%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya320-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мечеть 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110682840523126460758/photos/@32.8135872,34.9996872,3a,15y,74.42h,74.68t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO1bGyoYIMfyVn8ZcSCZsaSgMxNWTALJGuxue2y!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO1bGyoYIMfyVn8ZcSCZsaSgMxNWTALJGuxue2y%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya311.8167-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мечеть 3</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@32.818095,35.0015917,3a,44.5y,209.07h,62.99t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipORJChty8TaPaEL-jK3nqcfNeAOdkJG7uHk-TA_!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipORJChty8TaPaEL-jK3nqcfNeAOdkJG7uHk-TA_%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мечеть 4</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100046136317406303792/photos/@32.8286633,34.9705633,3a,85.4y,267.38h,74.4t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNz_a9X6Da8jXRLnQ6dq0KwO68yqN72pv59kfWh!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNz_a9X6Da8jXRLnQ6dq0KwO68yqN72pv59kfWh%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya280-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хайфа, Стелла Марис</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8145081,34.9850563,3a,86.2y,60.29h,61.9t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMiukeK7kXN-PekRVPiKDfF4Ux8rdnFgx2FicZr!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMiukeK7kXN-PekRVPiKDfF4Ux8rdnFgx2FicZr%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya149.664-ro-0-fo100!7i4000!8i2000">Хайфа, Сады Бахаи 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@32.8155533,34.9877217,3a,90y,179.11h,56.09t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM2tj8eXjUiTcEb7S36oHPELlqQl47BSQN4XNbt!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM2tj8eXjUiTcEb7S36oHPELlqQl47BSQN4XNbt%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Сады Бахаи 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8178978,34.9896317,3a,88.1y,354.11h,74.16t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPUc5E4JwaYBbv58yBBzPyaGP-XYLXPJuZykcT7!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPUc5E4JwaYBbv58yBBzPyaGP-XYLXPJuZykcT7%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya5.469492-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Сады Бахаи 3, центр</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110682840523126460758/photos/@32.8049278,34.9704971,3a,75y,14.02h,47.39t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNNAZ1Z-KqZr6CsqetoBWseKYPBFFvN18jZaX-G!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNNAZ1Z-KqZr6CsqetoBWseKYPBFFvN18jZaX-G%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хайфа, мечеть Кабабир</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7883453,35.006752,3a,53.7y,132.7h,73.79t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNejB9dce0K3yaOGkowL1gZYU2MmuSUB-7jzOLk!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNejB9dce0K3yaOGkowL1gZYU2MmuSUB-7jzOLk%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya146.18698-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Хайфа, восток 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110682840523126460758/photos/@32.7757339,35.0294495,3a,75y,115.58h,67.55t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOgTS79S3BcVcaxemzv9l4hwTEIVQlkVru1GYwK!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOgTS79S3BcVcaxemzv9l4hwTEIVQlkVru1GYwK%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Восток 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7602767,35.0178635,3a,75y,8.27h,67.58t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNjef1SSd4uOOlMubEZ8jUR1BWEFxcxaZmJ3z4C!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNjef1SSd4uOOlMubEZ8jUR1BWEFxcxaZmJ3z4C%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya32.15039-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Хайфа, Ун-т</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/photos/@32.7926968,35.0349806,3a,86.3y,320.85h,53.28t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMvwHe7fV9eQuyQm7a64mbFUkYxm3ne7CKR5h7u!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMvwHe7fV9eQuyQm7a64mbFUkYxm3ne7CKR5h7u%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хайфа, д/р</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.808435,35.0383382,3a,56.6y,69.36h,81.9t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNAvRe_rn8FmtCSK9PpHZqpA2uhSDA4SmdjY-0m!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNAvRe_rn8FmtCSK9PpHZqpA2uhSDA4SmdjY-0m%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Хайфа, аэропорт</a><br /><br />
<b>Самария и Хеврон</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@32.4619665,35.2954764,3a,75y,166.7h,58.09t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPpajJSLqYRpHoEO2XuDU0CIb7iPdh4UWy6wIkh!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPpajJSLqYRpHoEO2XuDU0CIb7iPdh4UWy6wIkh%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i7795!8i3898!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Дженин</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@32.31951,35.0238156,3a,65.1y,220.39h,63.97t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMecZAGnD9jVNeK02YorcoLvT0uf4gXwfMzfI4W!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMecZAGnD9jVNeK02YorcoLvT0uf4gXwfMzfI4W%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тулькарм</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.2770977,35.1907375,3a,52.9y,94.24h,70.71t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNR6rMWXJ7wg_e2b_IeoGmatTf15kCcxXzXugb6!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNR6rMWXJ7wg_e2b_IeoGmatTf15kCcxXzXugb6%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya105.81321-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Себастия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@32.2212809,35.2607904,3a,90y,243.66h,69.38t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMu2R6yDYFFz1ZYMvZtC1fsjiwYXsqd-z6pG4zo!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMu2R6yDYFFz1ZYMvZtC1fsjiwYXsqd-z6pG4zo%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya280-ro-0-fo100!7i8977!8i4488!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Наблус</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113941981009832137219/photos/@32.239555,35.2876283,3a,68.2y,0.21h,60.63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNBS_C8ED4q8VNrD5d2hFel-LTbCqSbFHMVKsjw!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNBS_C8ED4q8VNrD5d2hFel-LTbCqSbFHMVKsjw%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya340-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Эйвал</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/108936326217524202368/photos/@32.1569314,35.2491496,3a,53.2y,113.39h,69.9t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNPG98qMAWHZuYrL1Llt6Me2Wv9XoBXLP65PpNj!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNPG98qMAWHZuYrL1Llt6Me2Wv9XoBXLP65PpNj%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хуввара с Мицпе Ицхар</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@31.9425057,35.102629,3a,75y,296.69h,71.61t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNaUy3FbC4UfZcoEdC_mj04h05SAZ28V3hSEewR!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNaUy3FbC4UfZcoEdC_mj04h05SAZ28V3hSEewR%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i6615!8i3307!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Рас Каркар</a><br /><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5107584,35.2255237,3a,61.3y,143.97h,76.08t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNm2swswtSpPn4-jHkiSFezZK1sdoVrl9BUE9eN!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNm2swswtSpPn4-jHkiSFezZK1sdoVrl9BUE9eN%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya117.7492-ro-0-fo100!7i5906!8i2953">Silat al-Harithiya</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7lMRn">Ицхар, макам ш. Сальман эл-Фарси</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107175808406094815543/photos/@32.192502,35.2648044,3a,58.3y,183.77h,79.18t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMI0QZptU153kADOtabn1OVhUNKQZDolpBm9Q38!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMI0QZptU153kADOtabn1OVhUNKQZDolpBm9Q38%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya100-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хар Браха</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107175808406094815543/photos/@32.1944223,35.2576352,3a,55.7y,176.63h,87.97t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPw3olc1vUhQMx9UEuA_WHOIswAYft1kZFHpqAD!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPw3olc1vUhQMx9UEuA_WHOIswAYft1kZFHpqAD%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Западнее Хар Браха</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.175766,35.0907402,3a,65.8y,319.77h,62.85t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPRQQ7baHI1pBxWmQf1WokypQmEC4F8En8D1N52!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPRQQ7baHI1pBxWmQf1WokypQmEC4F8En8D1N52%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya303.04523-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Карней Шомрон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112097369697393967674/photos/@32.2862333,35.0729687,3a,84.6y,47.22h,66.84t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMxv1fCb48cYWXG2BvP2VNA6IPUCpaUsFPtC24x!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMxv1fCb48cYWXG2BvP2VNA6IPUCpaUsFPtC24x%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Авней Хефец</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@32.1090524,35.0380494,3a,75y,320.12h,59.69t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMkAGDSFLwseDUhw3mG7G5Dys7c9W6K5WR5IMuN!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMkAGDSFLwseDUhw3mG7G5Dys7c9W6K5WR5IMuN%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-11.669794-ya16.622889-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Элькана 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1089516,35.0364685,3a,75y,258.21h,66.2t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPA4hDmkBzFuhS4bdd6sTldXSX-F3IT34TLEQmI!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPA4hDmkBzFuhS4bdd6sTldXSX-F3IT34TLEQmI%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya273.6345-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Элькана 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9402142,35.1311395,3a,55.7y,126.19h,66.23t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPdc8lnsg33xNEsN7R9Fm9GgcsErDo6umx1btDa!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPdc8lnsg33xNEsN7R9Fm9GgcsErDo6umx1btDa%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya229.20447-ro0-fo100!7i4000!8i2000">Тальмон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@31.532569,35.099826,3a,90y,180.83h,74.51t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPmQHBdhin8x6wWXAmr4lp8Wau80KW1_T6Ciacs!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPmQHBdhin8x6wWXAmr4lp8Wau80KW1_T6Ciacs%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i7559!8i3780!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хеврон, Москобия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112924891222541485994/photos/@31.4969559,35.1532364,3a,15y,140.72h,83.5t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNqBHFXqlSUZjnNiILKKg-Zh0oaMcJpCB44Ahy7!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNqBHFXqlSUZjnNiILKKg-Zh0oaMcJpCB44Ahy7%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нэби Йакин</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107123879127027424638/photos/@31.6062722,35.0364059,3a,90y,318.79h,68.64t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOpFr_m2_lWKNPf0eeHGXYEK5loZsOW7Nl7owil!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOpFr_m2_lWKNPf0eeHGXYEK5loZsOW7Nl7owil%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya280-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нуба 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.6064838,35.0421029,3a,78.8y,297.52h,77.57t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOZ7sL0UUWDvcSQsy7Gtqw1ETcW6Ysg2fqUQ_P7!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOZ7sL0UUWDvcSQsy7Gtqw1ETcW6Ysg2fqUQ_P7%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya293.7924-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нуба 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.3856843,35.0121483,3a,86.3y,94.64h,60.6t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNkLXDYhnpZXNgLWYyEEv4W5RAwkNSYF592MLs6!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNkLXDYhnpZXNgLWYyEEv4W5RAwkNSYF592MLs6%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-10-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Шимь'а</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112924891222541485994/photos/@31.4670563,35.1419067,3a,88.4y,109.86h,48.85t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipObs6nvtdbIXvOh72ZJBtzl3uRqO7LiDuWmaT1p!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipObs6nvtdbIXvOh72ZJBtzl3uRqO7LiDuWmaT1p%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0.9005628-ya138.38649-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хурват Аристобулия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.055411,35.289728,3a,86y,184.32h,74.66t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPIfavHx0H06sGvPZa0mpmQU0JRV72pYqNTa9hE!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPIfavHx0H06sGvPZa0mpmQU0JRV72pYqNTa9hE%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya343.07935-ro-0-fo100!7i4608!8i2304">Тель Шило</a>; <a href="https://vt.panovision.co.il/shiloh/shiloh_vt.html">Тель Шило</a><br />
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/WikiAir_IL-13-10_A037.jpg">*) Арара с запада</a><br />
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/WikiAir_IL-13-10_A039.jpg">*) Арара с севера</a><br />
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/WikiAir_IL-13-10_B173.jpg">*) Муавия с востока</a><br />
<br />
<b>Галилея, побережье</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@32.8548391,35.0654354,3a,55.6y,47.87h,63.24t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP_YHagIEMtstCfprNartTX3dubjP2es6xMTQPd!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP_YHagIEMtstCfprNartTX3dubjP2es6xMTQPd%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кирьят-Ям. пляж</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@32.848153,35.094037,3a,75y,244.76h,57t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPp_TniRHWxIJXR31unBqvJAAhjMfGayUDpSerf!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPp_TniRHWxIJXR31unBqvJAAhjMfGayUDpSerf%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya41.639397-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Крайот 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@32.8503971,35.0877735,3a,51.9y,221.17h,73.53t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPnu23djYh3Ha1zuQQw5KL_Nt1onu6VPRnDMET1!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPnu23djYh3Ha1zuQQw5KL_Nt1onu6VPRnDMET1%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya131.91522-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Крайот 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.851268,35.085254,3a,75y,204.66h,54.21t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNB_8tC6uZeRc2_kVBw2UY0wNX5P7NL_t7wsumG!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNB_8tC6uZeRc2_kVBw2UY0wNX5P7NL_t7wsumG%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya342.76425-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Крайот 3</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8533224,35.0961249,3a,90y,66.72h,73.92t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOXbUOnkDh2N55VGI8_De4zp7kWvdyicFp5_-RR!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOXbUOnkDh2N55VGI8_De4zp7kWvdyicFp5_-RR%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya328.44968-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!5m1!1e4">Крайот 4</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112679057624707499149/photos/@32.9194746,35.0700109,3a,81y,155.85h,57.74t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP_V_my5DbtM99n5q80QRs2kHYvqrmaxBQAImTp!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP_V_my5DbtM99n5q80QRs2kHYvqrmaxBQAImTp%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya60.000004-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Акко 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@32.922605,35.0709,3a,75y,301.61h,44.93t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNpBOimnxjrg1RZhuEbTZIsPWDcT8VaO_2q40b2!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNpBOimnxjrg1RZhuEbTZIsPWDcT8VaO_2q40b2%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Акко 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@32.9217383,35.0822528,3a,46.5y,37.18h,74.11t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNshZLkrLK1azJN2InbtVGkaemsPudQ_2fy5yjc!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNshZLkrLK1azJN2InbtVGkaemsPudQ_2fy5yjc%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya172.79742-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Тель Акко</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112679057624707499149/photos/@32.9111013,35.0827602,3a,75y,94.14h,71.23t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNmvarCsECmacuSo7EH_35KRjPb9uYrX2rIMpQo!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNmvarCsECmacuSo7EH_35KRjPb9uYrX2rIMpQo%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Акко с юга</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.958092,35.09536,3a,75y,356.81h,56.94t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM1anbcpODgd8YC6XXijbIHd9BO-WesJmiANO3J!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM1anbcpODgd8YC6XXijbIHd9BO-WesJmiANO3J%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya304.90198-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Акведук</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104533223426174030744/photos/@33.0073074,35.0896555,3a,55.3y,85.84h,67.59t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMqL2gTm3N3nrxMmy5zs01IlRVN18g3bbstiRTH!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMqL2gTm3N3nrxMmy5zs01IlRVN18g3bbstiRTH%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-6.604128-ya166.82927-ro0-fo100!7i10000!8i5000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нагария, пляж 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104533223426174030744/photos/@33.0161056,35.0908945,3a,56.6y,197.29h,73.97t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPmtXCCU6CwnmsgbG6azDsZKFqD9obqdPp6eHV3!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPmtXCCU6CwnmsgbG6azDsZKFqD9obqdPp6eHV3%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya100-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пляж 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112097369697393967674/photos/@32.9963767,35.0955003,3a,58.3y,349.11h,67.61t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPploBXhUMpgNPKaHuGaWgErqhMx3rsdOXyY5n0!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPploBXhUMpgNPKaHuGaWgErqhMx3rsdOXyY5n0%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нагария, юг</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100046136317406303792/photos/@33.0234167,35.0937167,3a,75y,102.6h,64.92t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM9IE6e3s7n66aOZxf0zaygM8PAhJQ_1LTrEikY!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM9IE6e3s7n66aOZxf0zaygM8PAhJQ_1LTrEikY%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya340-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нагария, север</a><br />
<a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/panorama_tmp-6486">Нагария, восток</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.0441213,35.1009478,3a,58.8y,307.01h,64.78t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN-flf3Jd3iZk19Ul5FBfjDBfZYkDraKHkpQvCB!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN-flf3Jd3iZk19Ul5FBfjDBfZYkDraKHkpQvCB%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya124.22731-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Пляж Ахзив</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@33.047657,35.1005974,3a,90y,93.3h,49.87t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPZLHXzSK_ok2hyTV68jclpvByS154WE27TIoFn!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPZLHXzSK_ok2hyTV68jclpvByS154WE27TIoFn%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya133.50482-ro-0-fo100!7i16000!8i8000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ахзив 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@33.047657,35.100596,3a,75y,82.48h,49.03t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOumkafgnOvi8o2L0Io3CImJHp2meTrU8p80LOQ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOumkafgnOvi8o2L0Io3CImJHp2meTrU8p80LOQ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya334.1936-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ахзив 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@33.0491778,35.1010945,3a,75y,9.19h,59.57t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP_RG3Nyg9BnCWR8pSdsQPq1gqnUVT2jhQ56yjG!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP_RG3Nyg9BnCWR8pSdsQPq1gqnUVT2jhQ56yjG%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya40-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ахзив 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104533223426174030744/photos/@33.0666695,35.1046112,3a,55.2y,30.48h,74.43t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMbbf2NFA7o40PqdCiR0xIPYAXXiSX-4H1NkZbf!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMbbf2NFA7o40PqdCiR0xIPYAXXiSX-4H1NkZbf%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пляж Бецет 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@33.0716222,35.1059333,3a,51.1y,274.75h,74.73t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPQbZYKRqAGNx4z1BLq3lZlkE3gazoBUBQ8Fbgk!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPQbZYKRqAGNx4z1BLq3lZlkE3gazoBUBQ8Fbgk%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya160-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пляж Бецет 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@32.84904,35.105797,3a,29.1y,96.55h,69.78t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOgs-rE2qeJ7uMLcLYCf-xKTtQOgbYmfXYtFZ8H!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOgs-rE2qeJ7uMLcLYCf-xKTtQOgbYmfXYtFZ8H%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya278.9-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Афек 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@32.8463717,35.11405,3a,56.6y,336.15h,57.71t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN5En4L7jvv4ZfeonACIp_YC5J4-vuwdFsB95F9!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN5En4L7jvv4ZfeonACIp_YC5J4-vuwdFsB95F9%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya340-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Афек 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@32.847761,35.112841,3a,90y,232.43h,41.79t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sAF1QipO4oPEPBCtaVBWq4ZQQ7ykL8JDnXHogkkyGeKzW!2e10!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Афек 3</a><br /><br />
<b>Галилея Верхняя</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104117765849476235124/photos/@33.0443147,35.2264767,3a,75y,238.51h,62.78t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOM1fhInYCbh2JPpzs4lag6ebHeS_B4lXJ90uyg!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOM1fhInYCbh2JPpzs4lag6ebHeS_B4lXJ90uyg%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya246.86494-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Монфор 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113896715610601701665/photos/@33.0443649,35.2266273,3a,56.6y,10.63h,64.63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNMwWaw0gMiXn-Ho8j9SKiTE1tH8Bc8qX0awtqu!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNMwWaw0gMiXn-Ho8j9SKiTE1tH8Bc8qX0awtqu%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Монфор 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110560687073784167626/photos/@33.0441666,35.2261238,3a,75y,298.27h,54.53t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPCPo1vX8DqVMlxZgrGxpePDWpRoXwN0p768B7B!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPCPo1vX8DqVMlxZgrGxpePDWpRoXwN0p768B7B%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya60.000004-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Монфор 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@32.9940917,35.2219117,3a,75y,270.17h,47.2t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO_U1SVt8m_kL35esYBqOSWwKLZ4WMDJa8HTa0u!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO_U1SVt8m_kL35esYBqOSWwKLZ4WMDJa8HTa0u%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya40-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мецад Йехи'ам 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110560687073784167626/photos/@32.9950714,35.2229996,3a,56y,354.99h,67.42t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOWArzTrgr5chDZbuU9BjeimQz2k9LyjMaUeipj!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOWArzTrgr5chDZbuU9BjeimQz2k9LyjMaUeipj%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мецад Йехи'ам 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.0025864,35.6269112,3a,87.3y,174.21h,53.44t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNi5rulm72DhMjCfwhMTgvY_bFsdS1AWgBouVXw!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNi5rulm72DhMjCfwhMTgvY_bFsdS1AWgBouVXw%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya313.55173-ro-0-fo100!7i16000!8i8000">Мецад Атерет 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@33.0021611,35.62817,3a,61.7y,182.45h,70.05t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM2qU2IaTS56byBDQuHkGJODElLmXgiK4Et_d3S!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM2qU2IaTS56byBDQuHkGJODElLmXgiK4Et_d3S%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya300-ro0-fo100!7i7071!8i3536!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Атерет 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@33.0040611,35.6275583,3a,75y,324.69h,59.37t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOJi836ylHD1l42c65xlnyo-cWC3r_9qhpT5aCy!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOJi836ylHD1l42c65xlnyo-cWC3r_9qhpT5aCy%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya280-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Атерет 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.9734062,35.6259132,3a,58.5y,205.18h,66.04t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOEKxDKrZmsGm0lIxe5J0eOJmRJBEKLDMAsvt1b!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOEKxDKrZmsGm0lIxe5J0eOJmRJBEKLDMAsvt1b%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya295.2008-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Иордан, мост Кфар ха-Наси</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@32.91892,35.53292,3a,23.5y,322.02h,62.51t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMgtliFPkyNDM0nP3PFcc2a2WgB9RL9u6fCwhhH!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMgtliFPkyNDM0nP3PFcc2a2WgB9RL9u6fCwhhH%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Джубб Йусуф</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107475214615732021214/photos/@33.2816599,35.5796843,3a,28.6y,247.5h,63.1t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPrcxL74yFQb2amMSLb7vlA87BRw9EKEXn30Cfs!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPrcxL74yFQb2amMSLb7vlA87BRw9EKEXn30Cfs%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Метула, тегарт</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112679057624707499149/photos/@32.9910452,35.5083791,3a,58.5y,157.95h,64.23t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNZWa9MtaAe7TNpAMiyTn45VwzFOVn3-H6zQGqe!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNZWa9MtaAe7TNpAMiyTn45VwzFOVn3-H6zQGqe%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya60.000004-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мецудат Бирия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/photos/@32.9761502,35.4706968,3a,27.4y,9.46h,61.2t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOsm3Amve0GTEvzJQbcCHnKs5Uw8d5OsxLMPj79!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOsm3Amve0GTEvzJQbcCHnKs5Uw8d5OsxLMPj79%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-1.2379421-ya180.33762-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ein et-Tina police post</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/xajfskij-okrug-171/keren-hacarmel-forest-panorama18826">Керем ха-Кармель</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117427303441612377166/photos/@32.9738541,35.4206848,3a,59.3y,311.8h,64.1t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOXn6xUm2kbDNXq4XE-vS12cSzz1lnpQqZqhdRt!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOXn6xUm2kbDNXq4XE-vS12cSzz1lnpQqZqhdRt%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хурват Зевед</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117427303441612377166/photos/@32.9514925,35.2576087,3a,83.8y,1.22h,64.65t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMxN-fd0VjJQLoQnSQzK5EwxfHgabTPhej9Bock!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMxN-fd0VjJQLoQnSQzK5EwxfHgabTPhej9Bock%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1?fbclid=IwAR0IlJo78O8DATQ1joHahscg9a5zdunSYC47oFeNjoFVEjyjN-DDSX1XJZY">Хурват Тефен</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.955204,35.3679924,3a,75y,2.73h,54.81t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPBmVUyH6LVF33r2Gli8wFf-zzgnJYEMswgmNQX!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPBmVUyH6LVF33r2Gli8wFf-zzgnJYEMswgmNQX%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya251.76788-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Гора Ха-Ари</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/severnyj-okrug-170/karmiel-1813/rajon-maaravit-panorama18475">Кармиэль 1</a>;
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/severnyj-okrug-170/karmiel-1813/staryj-center-rajon-maaravit-panorama18284">Кармиэль 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/102153099783962326990/photos/@32.9083124,35.2827416,3a,75y,14.43h,69.68t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPyvE6bLE8_GfUIWGeEr4z-K-DQcHyDARwjZMuz!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPyvE6bLE8_GfUIWGeEr4z-K-DQcHyDARwjZMuz%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кармиэль 3</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.9066067,35.2817917,3a,90y,69.11h,53.76t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN_zwp_gqswZleGQFMmYRRAJQnObmHpq-D2QIxR!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN_zwp_gqswZleGQFMmYRRAJQnObmHpq-D2QIxR%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya233.80533-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Кармиэль 4</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/severnyj-okrug-170/doroga-karmiel-tefen-panorama18474">Кармиэль – Тефен</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/photos/@33.0401516,35.3379224,3a,90y,102.45h,62.02t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOna6XXshhvjkhrzQRRKoHNKgd7kJpJnQeVL2xe!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOna6XXshhvjkhrzQRRKoHNKgd7kJpJnQeVL2xe%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйн Элькош</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.9351867,35.4274633,3a,75y,8.3h,63.77t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNlPuRV17ncD8mHX7x4ZlCGlOTFZzckuH2XmdkN!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNlPuRV17ncD8mHX7x4ZlCGlOTFZzckuH2XmdkN%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya146.02261-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Фарадия 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@32.93548,35.426995,3a,75y,326.52h,78.23t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPcR7byrNztKG8s6QwzVbvbptQWV3yzRc1XwbSz!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPcR7byrNztKG8s6QwzVbvbptQWV3yzRc1XwbSz%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya260.25327-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Фарадия 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112724331590027276549/photos/@33.0492678,35.2233283,3a,84.1y,273h,70.15t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPA8CzxkX69TqW0LtuhLsLqqjJ7hPecalOs9qwV!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPA8CzxkX69TqW0LtuhLsLqqjJ7hPecalOs9qwV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya300-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Парк Горен</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111700617036297495631/photos/@33.0890617,35.2977486,3a,58.6y,132.36h,74.61t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN7513vImkTBS45zX4ngYCeIBeDzArFjZo-POz4!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN7513vImkTBS45zX4ngYCeIBeDzArFjZo-POz4%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya340-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Сурух Нэби – Рувин</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/photos/@33.0258331,35.4452782,3a,64.9y,353.18h,74.4t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPqcjWcWDx1k-1dbd-1tx5DqimxiCQRdgl2FF48!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPqcjWcWDx1k-1dbd-1tx5DqimxiCQRdgl2FF48%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Джиш 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/photos/@33.0208321,35.4505539,3a,75y,170.15h,68.34t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNg3WtV6PR2eIp8ZpRGSoAEy6aKg1B1_DquEIOJ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNg3WtV6PR2eIp8ZpRGSoAEy6aKg1B1_DquEIOJ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Джиш 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.0108337,35.4441681,3a,58.5y,146.65h,69.42t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPuCIbogyfK3CSlS1sxdUYi8kzdEhDJFJyrSXAe!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPuCIbogyfK3CSlS1sxdUYi8kzdEhDJFJyrSXAe%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya23.212936-ro-0-fo100!7i8520!8i4260">Кфар Хошен</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104412536424664917635/photos/@32.9828167,35.44167,3a,51.3y,25.92h,66.05t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOt4zT9EVeyQwhxq9kjg8WQNCzuhap3dccu6J0C!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOt4zT9EVeyQwhxq9kjg8WQNCzuhap3dccu6J0C%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-2.813505-ya291.78458-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мерон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/109252571676534792266/photos/@32.9811133,35.4402633,3a,75y,257.26h,55.35t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNS2MyYNSgG45x_RZxcFZnime1CaLxYibAyUgJk!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNS2MyYNSgG45x_RZxcFZnime1CaLxYibAyUgJk%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i7071!8i3536!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мерон, гр-ца Рашби 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104117765849476235124/photos/@32.98056,35.44124,3a,75y,30.28h,64.42t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPrttv7Ns09zHReD2wF1DtYfNoXnivA6FtlXOIX!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPrttv7Ns09zHReD2wF1DtYfNoXnivA6FtlXOIX%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гр-ца Рашби 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.9375133,35.4501983,3a,75y,357.6h,61.03t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPPJY0E9paiA5R4xuJ0eG7sq21HCPfeWMXO3ga1!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPPJY0E9paiA5R4xuJ0eG7sq21HCPfeWMXO3ga1%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Амирим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.0036919,35.5088348,3a,86.7y,287.26h,57.44t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMdqNJDG31VdJ0MMEgkJfQ_Jl8XCvOR7zfWkUHb!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMdqNJDG31VdJ0MMEgkJfQ_Jl8XCvOR7zfWkUHb%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya321.08383-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Синагога Х. эн-Набратейн 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D1%85%D0%B0-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C,+%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C/@32.9945484,35.5003673,3a,90y,102.09h,35.78t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNFKpzrpXpd1fRbaixV2o_2GXta-UrgxQoMv6Ne!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNFKpzrpXpd1fRbaixV2o_2GXta-UrgxQoMv6Ne%3Dw211-h120-k-no-pi-0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m11!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s115110790136617797543!3m1!1e1!3m4!1s0x151c241b4e6c36a1:0x57d33c0b7408f2e2!8m2!3d32.9916546!4d35.4672368">Синагога 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116969531688287833686/photos/@32.9985896,35.4808372,3a,56.2y,349.02h,71.06t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO_cnKzZ7iELwvSG8XGms0_YTyKxgYXWopEzuMy!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO_cnKzZ7iELwvSG8XGms0_YTyKxgYXWopEzuMy%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya320-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">В.б. Эйн Зитим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.957428,35.3729172,3a,90y,275h,58.05t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNtKk73PaPJukUpipkgEdl2kCX3zDYjIhl0GLTr!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNtKk73PaPJukUpipkgEdl2kCX3zDYjIhl0GLTr%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i4000!8i2000">Бейт Джан</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.9533819,35.1665785,3a,75y,275.3h,59.76t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOlfXsxV0_2YJok8Hv8mEpUr3BlW_ys6HzieP96!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOlfXsxV0_2YJok8Hv8mEpUr3BlW_ys6HzieP96%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Кафр Ясиф</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@32.8618643,35.3009522,3a,90y,169.34h,80.65t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPiYDrKUcgMPuGh0HS_4iOIVK826sfjNWLJtU9P!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPiYDrKUcgMPuGh0HS_4iOIVK826sfjNWLJtU9P%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Сахнин</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@32.8563769,35.335029,3a,75y,311.4h,72.44t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOqe5lsiZMZXOBBqRyqi0hTggBBCimHD5l7ngJO!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOqe5lsiZMZXOBBqRyqi0hTggBBCimHD5l7ngJO%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i10385!8i5193!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Арраба</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8493863,35.21441,3a,75y,342.57h,67.51t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNM0StsVJ4SS6MsjHlsw0ZauybLo4WkxAKtZCv7!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNM0StsVJ4SS6MsjHlsw0ZauybLo4WkxAKtZCv7%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i7087!8i3543">Тамра 1</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8383827,35.2141609,3a,75y,126.47h,78.92t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMCLb4X3UYfn_LgT0ctXzfgXht17vWN1wH7xhp4!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMCLb4X3UYfn_LgT0ctXzfgXht17vWN1wH7xhp4%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya129.52452-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тамра – Маноф 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8528252,35.2213249,3a,88.1y,339.86h,61.44t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPdSPhflM31SQEhW1QRgEDPgtQe8HGBoL55e9jM!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPdSPhflM31SQEhW1QRgEDPgtQe8HGBoL55e9jM%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тамра – Маноф 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/109088236487901657321/photos/@32.9538771,35.2186533,3a,87.2y,56.27h,57.66t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNkQxapemJsUMBG-E-TwNjlMWGvR3kSUWZrL1sb!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNkQxapemJsUMBG-E-TwNjlMWGvR3kSUWZrL1sb%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ярка 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117427303441612377166/photos/@32.9546361,35.2157843,3a,55.6y,1h,66.16t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMQDpr-B9vG3oTTwsnkvaBsnwK-tl_fUArzryWf!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMQDpr-B9vG3oTTwsnkvaBsnwK-tl_fUArzryWf%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ярка 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.9463362,35.2313334,3a,90y,101.24h,56.58t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPD6SyZZvEISdUf_hcw3sMGJPjU1Fn3PUJoDifP!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPD6SyZZvEISdUf_hcw3sMGJPjU1Fn3PUJoDifP%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Ярка – Кишор</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/severnyj-okrug-170/ahihud-forest-panorama19247">Парк Ахихуд 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112679057624707499149/photos/@32.9173553,35.2023394,3a,57.9y,193.52h,70.48t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP77FJrI8krGj7zkR2fP4L9mC7su2_EcoSEKr9X!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP77FJrI8krGj7zkR2fP4L9mC7su2_EcoSEKr9X%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya172.77257-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Парк Ахихуд 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@33.015026,35.276017,3a,59.7y,333.38h,70.03t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOPCZ3eaSVwtbUU3L-_NDdAjHM7SanSYXQPXwRj!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOPCZ3eaSVwtbUU3L-_NDdAjHM7SanSYXQPXwRj%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya80-ro-0-fo100!7i5953!8i2976!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Таршиха</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@33.013332,35.263997,3a,15y,339.29h,54.04t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN62hliCeBALIXlIWQ34mzOXjvr8fWnbJxCD_dp!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN62hliCeBALIXlIWQ34mzOXjvr8fWnbJxCD_dp%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya141.99998-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Таршиха, тегарт</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/severnyj-okrug-170/maalot-1820/ozero-monfort-panorama18362">Оз. Монфор 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.0061342,35.2902176,3a,75y,124.09h,66.79t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOHIzuEDkaLXNHD-TvtUHtM1J1PkbIrSxhzIrAA!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOHIzuEDkaLXNHD-TvtUHtM1J1PkbIrSxhzIrAA%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya264.23996-ro0-fo100!7i4000!8i2000">Оз. Монфор 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/102686776137060440052/photos/@32.982785,35.200493,3a,57.2y,80.36h,59.78t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMYDOxRKuSdKitTyPRhyfKTIQHBm_r5VoXg_KOv!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMYDOxRKuSdKitTyPRhyfKTIQHBm_r5VoXg_KOv%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Калиль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112679057624707499149/photos/@32.9028924,35.2479748,3a,75y,151.23h,59.35t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMmjVJGWaRv9gNZfButIA0to9K3bP5RMVShBLw-!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMmjVJGWaRv9gNZfButIA0to9K3bP5RMVShBLw-%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya140.25974-ro0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гилон – Цурит</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.9462647,35.486562,3a,62.9y,190.86h,72.88t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN1qJ3yixIGIPuCkrBE7P_mB3WEo2vwvejtABTR!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN1qJ3yixIGIPuCkrBE7P_mB3WEo2vwvejtABTR%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya266.84006-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Лес Лимоним</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/109252571676534792266/photos/@32.8672,35.4190467,3a,55.4y,10.69h,66.47t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPpQlDfM55Bh-999_hAJ1IvJikGamWM2MibksK4!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPpQlDfM55Bh-999_hAJ1IvJikGamWM2MibksK4%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тфахот</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104360368946318550883/photos/@32.7100779,35.5056805,3a,87.3y,229.02h,71.9t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPAUEEBC_08rAp_zZnOT5P6hG46f1hzyC813vSR!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPAUEEBC_08rAp_zZnOT5P6hG46f1hzyC813vSR%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya100-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Явнеэль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101344822722147606900/photos/@32.745075,35.5099683,3a,75y,352.97h,68.22t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOtsntGOMc1f45r7bPy-KRunfU46ZICugh4NY3s!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOtsntGOMc1f45r7bPy-KRunfU46ZICugh4NY3s%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ха-Зорим 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101344822722147606900/photos/@32.7470583,35.4973433,3a,75y,120.63h,63.74t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP2ybNpHdJTxZhGvtPRd5R9QSX5F_2mQOWA6Sgs!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP2ybNpHdJTxZhGvtPRd5R9QSX5F_2mQOWA6Sgs%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya60-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ха-Зорим 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.1131562,35.5555817,3a,50.8y,268.02h,49.4t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMw7SJL85vo7XBZ0a9bzS2Gffi28WhruLu8nXEL!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMw7SJL85vo7XBZ0a9bzS2Gffi28WhruLu8nXEL%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya293.57632-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нэби Йуша</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.1164222,35.57522,3a,84.6y,329.67h,73.08t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMgPwEDtMgAtQKXWiP8H4ykBb5at2MsNk0cYvbw!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMgPwEDtMgAtQKXWiP8H4ykBb5at2MsNk0cYvbw%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya280-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Мерказ Коах</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.0902786,35.5875015,3a,55.4y,126.68h,83.05t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN4cSMwaZ6PUnZrYTDI6UrLLG9JWuGwTuu9pMMx!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN4cSMwaZ6PUnZrYTDI6UrLLG9JWuGwTuu9pMMx%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya100-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Долина Хула, Маллаха</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/severnyj-okrug-170/kiryat-shmona-1809/rajon-xavradim-panorama18224">Кирьят-Шмона, ха-Аврадим</a>; <a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/dji-0005-panorama-ne">То же</a><br /><br />
<b>Галилея Нижняя</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.6266327,35.3524358,3a,64.8y,158.56h,63.96t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP6oez97bEhijb5tvPPjB072-VgrZ_v2u6AlGbs!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP6oez97bEhijb5tvPPjB072-VgrZ_v2u6AlGbs%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8269!8i4134">Наин</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@32.7020175,35.2950526,3a,54.2y,9.35h,72.13t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOrDYzgSnYxZNKtKG9xoUpMcEuvCULMj6vPBVhS!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOrDYzgSnYxZNKtKG9xoUpMcEuvCULMj6vPBVhS%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya320-ro-0-fo100!7i5669!8i2834!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Назарет 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112724331590027276549/photos/@32.7023217,35.2966317,3a,90y,23.57h,54.64t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOUTyK7ruA1SbGZ1QqqHC-kIkzbLPjcVMx8Xfh7!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOUTyK7ruA1SbGZ1QqqHC-kIkzbLPjcVMx8Xfh7%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Назарет 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.6996333,35.31445,3a,55.3y,7.8h,70.88t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPXujI7NR3IjfCsRQjs59iWdSnnaGJZ3kE8eJZh!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPXujI7NR3IjfCsRQjs59iWdSnnaGJZ3kE8eJZh%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya25.983208-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нацрат Иллит 1</a>; <a href="https://kuula.co/post/7fQ3Z">Нацрат Иллит 2</a>; <a href="https://kuula.co/post/7fQj3">Нацрат Иллит 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.7170533,35.3324383,3a,90y,97.95h,55.32t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO-WA-a8zf_8MkaJBsUVZ3fR1wdCNRtxdjFqCki!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO-WA-a8zf_8MkaJBsUVZ3fR1wdCNRtxdjFqCki%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Har Jona</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100046136317406303792/photos/@32.6864383,35.3913367,3a,75y,10.16h,57.97t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNiVIqXlzjXldnicW51APMIM6geoRlbYoUSWZBF!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNiVIqXlzjXldnicW51APMIM6geoRlbYoUSWZBF%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Тавор 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/place/ChIJPViyMYpFHBURaSvbatMwoIA/@32.6866112,35.3902089,3a,79y,351.53h,62.53t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNX7FL-vWNNuA3JUM3ffmlwzSYFEeLM64mish-F!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNX7FL-vWNNuA3JUM3ffmlwzSYFEeLM64mish-F%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s107541251718649648289!3m1!1e1">Гора Тавор 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/place/ChIJV8mh6SDXAhURf19Ces5W-G0/@32.753334,35.2794456,3a,90y,279.24h,62.58t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP9ipNNuvpozhr8HJ2TpN-GlzXTlEEr7L_bMIDb!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP9ipNNuvpozhr8HJ2TpN-GlzXTlEEr7L_bMIDb%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya117.299034-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s115110790136617797543!3m1!1e1">Сепфорис</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@32.7371267,35.274812,3a,75y,65.32h,60.26t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPVUSVcIFolDAFjz1M7VJZx1AoT4LwVeyXryRyK!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPVUSVcIFolDAFjz1M7VJZx1AoT4LwVeyXryRyK%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i6000!8i3000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Циппори</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.6825344,35.3235364,3a,15y,93.94h,35.57t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMC1NpvUtPo_-Xi3dEMy8WNahSEKEOdnlxvyWDR!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMC1NpvUtPo_-Xi3dEMy8WNahSEKEOdnlxvyWDR%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya320-ro-0-fo100!7i7087!8i3543">Иксаль, макам ш. Са'д</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/photos/@32.7024994,35.125,3a,15y,237.88h,66.5t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP8jEupZ19TambsBdzgwEo6oaXrt_0Me60Vmg5n!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP8jEupZ19TambsBdzgwEo6oaXrt_0Me60Vmg5n%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бейт Шеарим, макам ш. Абрейк</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.700998,35.1278734,3a,75y,109.47h,57.95t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sAF1QipOxGGeBFTQvyvH5Y6DRaECu_EY3w2yKtPjIAW0S!2e10!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Макам шейх Абрейк 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.7008035,35.1288864,3a,75y,266.09h,48.85t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sAF1QipNdSRdp1K_zF6gXj8B542dGYrb78MdyMX53Zr7Z!2e10!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Абрейк 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8782643,35.2697802,3a,15y,125.44h,30.52t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMnCUHgnXNPjHhMQIrP9oTP2PNlZkMQ1yaHJJPu!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMnCUHgnXNPjHhMQIrP9oTP2PNlZkMQ1yaHJJPu%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya126.561005-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Макам шейх Абу эл-Хиджа</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7050433,35.1322033,3a,86.1y,81.86h,82.45t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOm58TxMn-0ycmfo4veMow7r47xI8b4EJAUootd!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOm58TxMn-0ycmfo4veMow7r47xI8b4EJAUootd%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya279.32166-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Кирьят Тивон, ю.-в.</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.76474,35.1566429,3a,47.5y,225.93h,76.02t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOsMKN6KCOmWm220XKRAbcUudMnzfdLPjA76JXd!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOsMKN6KCOmWm220XKRAbcUudMnzfdLPjA76JXd%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya341.6913-ro-0-fo100!7i13444!8i4874">Hermits' mill, Рас 'Али</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.6212218,35.364428,3a,75y,113.82h,54.4t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPWYlJ_nXTjFvHe1JIQgdDT86Zqbunt4k3Ag9za!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPWYlJ_nXTjFvHe1JIQgdDT86Zqbunt4k3Ag9za%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya45.489063-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Гр-ца нэби Дахи</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/place/ChIJBW20ci6pHRURvx3t0BdsaDY/@32.6727779,35.0878781,3a,84.8y,87.59h,64.71t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMF6nyuda493tx42t8jB7w7sWSpYOnbTrRmmfcp!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMF6nyuda493tx42t8jB7w7sWSpYOnbTrRmmfcp%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya283.75153-ro-0-fo100!7i2508!8i1254!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s115110790136617797543!3m1!1e1">Дейр эл-Мухрака</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112679057624707499149/photos/@32.8333823,35.2771737,3a,75y,332.12h,59.58t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPZXbuOe9RMtgGvVR38VHexH033n7Vmdoue_Vd1!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPZXbuOe9RMtgGvVR38VHexH033n7Vmdoue_Vd1%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Йодфат</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7210274,35.4093857,3a,53.4y,199.88h,77.14t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMozn9L87f7ceCa8-5LtXiFpBhw5gwHvVIbsvjK!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMozn9L87f7ceCa8-5LtXiFpBhw5gwHvVIbsvjK%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-30.000002-ya359.6623-ro-0-fo100!7i10000!8i5000">Ханот Тегарим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100681635126750437310/photos/@32.6058052,35.4451276,3a,83.2y,346.25h,56.18t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPhubbKsdpasHwvVuJ0IJau47itGhVF9MKoYeop!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPhubbKsdpasHwvVuJ0IJau47itGhVF9MKoYeop%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya60.096622-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тайбе</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@32.8002783,35.0233417,3a,75y,244.64h,64.15t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNdzMvUzX1K9CdxdtDNeyN0m39DEkK5GNZMoUtS!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNdzMvUzX1K9CdxdtDNeyN0m39DEkK5GNZMoUtS%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">П.З. Нешер</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7655563,35.0538902,3a,15.2y,35.63h,75.73t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOdyfQG7swouALvO0knSyKDMgafTx906BkNFb18!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOdyfQG7swouALvO0knSyKDMgafTx906BkNFb18%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya129.81444-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нешер, гр-ца Изз эд-Дина</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7627716,35.0470543,3a,53.7y,342.57h,69.67t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMilxJ6m_lGbpIomwgA14ZQcVcsGoeuUJ0y0whs!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMilxJ6m_lGbpIomwgA14ZQcVcsGoeuUJ0y0whs%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya248.18446-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Гив'ат Нешер</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7274183,35.1023803,3a,15y,61.52h,83.08t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPf0_gAVtsPFj4uhc-HgPBlh_rmB9tB5jX6sps1!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPf0_gAVtsPFj4uhc-HgPBlh_rmB9tB5jX6sps1%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya304.81152-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Jalame police station</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@32.8035348,35.1713026,3a,75y,221.9h,34.51t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNB1HyLtsJAcdmAfOfEjVwRF5Sm3giahE7NwA2N!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNB1HyLtsJAcdmAfOfEjVwRF5Sm3giahE7NwA2N%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi9.798933-ya127.12485-ro12.695631-fo100!7i8201!8i4100!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Шфарам</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/severnyj-okrug-170/migdal-xa-emek-1842/migdal-xa-emek-ramat-eshkol-panorama18747">Мигдаль ха-Эмек 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/102037332720780236767/photos/@32.6741409,35.2400169,3a,83.2y,134.43h,61.79t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPu3e97d7p-8NskoM-1iSHVE8Ox8DnfQkz2lAb0!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPu3e97d7p-8NskoM-1iSHVE8Ox8DnfQkz2lAb0%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мигдаль ха-Эмек 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@32.8061629,35.307488,3a,75y,144.43h,81.82t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM5VcO3y5TT0_2FeLf2ysn6IL0sPfKhHlQuOo1W!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM5VcO3y5TT0_2FeLf2ysn6IL0sPfKhHlQuOo1W%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i6000!8i3000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бик'ат Нетофа</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116804842254122928101/photos/@32.8335457,35.2314072,3a,86.8y,184.05h,59.54t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNpbaopBu2cM1-PkDQG7Wq5qwHoBSBwHdXfFOP3!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNpbaopBu2cM1-PkDQG7Wq5qwHoBSBwHdXfFOP3%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Морешет 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8280334,35.2271156,3a,56.7y,346.15h,60.41t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPsGNL6mhKZotjkxd5u36ZaPTSRL6Sm73qCo7Yn!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPsGNL6mhKZotjkxd5u36ZaPTSRL6Sm73qCo7Yn%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya97.799934-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">пер. Морешет 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/109750961788565445296/photos/@32.6587372,35.1087418,3a,16.9y,130.31h,76.37t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO2BIN9gYnfu3k12Lk5yE6mkb_MHDS6ywYdu6k7!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO2BIN9gYnfu3k12Lk5yE6mkb_MHDS6ywYdu6k7%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Йокнеам</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.6550026,35.1081696,3a,53.7y,277.33h,78t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOqn17FzV8wFLdIli4DxLYy5na0P3u7xClP2ANq!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOqn17FzV8wFLdIli4DxLYy5na0P3u7xClP2ANq%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya11.198201-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Йокнеам</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/109750961788565445296/photos/@32.644928,35.0992699,3a,75y,339.81h,64.46t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM_ZDvd3v8uyI1KyHTmCFBZAiObnJuLnH3XER0-!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM_ZDvd3v8uyI1KyHTmCFBZAiObnJuLnH3XER0-%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Йокнеам Иллит</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/place/ChIJ4T0GL6yuHRURP8tYo-78qEA/@32.6463801,35.1199289,3a,89.7y,240.1h,67.55t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOi5lI5ldt2nSAV6i6AfUbg1ko00mo8lpFywpo3!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOi5lI5ldt2nSAV6i6AfUbg1ko00mo8lpFywpo3%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya100-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s115110790136617797543!3m1!1e1">Ха-Зоре'а 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.6536354,35.1236672,3a,90y,21.91h,51.55t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPtEVVMJcZTy6vcXmYGlefK80Mp00quadojGn21!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPtEVVMJcZTy6vcXmYGlefK80Mp00quadojGn21%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya53.205727-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Ха-Зоре'а 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5851633,35.1832783,3a,75y,1.92h,48.72t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMLIyPmctQ6G_yAxas24cLjKRYXyPgQvz5WTfp_!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMLIyPmctQ6G_yAxas24cLjKRYXyPgQvz5WTfp_%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya42.645065-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096?hl=iw">Мегиддо</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7592926,35.1469917,3a,90y,44.23h,59.72t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMPrlGoityREdUtVOP27EEwuB7_2jTVTSlDW7fu!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMPrlGoityREdUtVOP27EEwuB7_2jTVTSlDW7fu%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya120-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нофит 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@32.7592926,35.1469917,3a,83.5y,40.41h,56.01t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOmj2Ielh_X4AFePGgA507xuuKruG5dKQluky_e!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOmj2Ielh_X4AFePGgA507xuuKruG5dKQluky_e%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нофит 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.595612,35.521546,3a,90y,89.74h,63.15t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipON_ASw-aNi7D1SJmDVjN7ahwbq7Ujhweqhyfv7!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipON_ASw-aNi7D1SJmDVjN7ahwbq7Ujhweqhyfv7%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya131.25139-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бельвуар 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.592844,35.521205,3a,87.2y,13.34h,75.57t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPRx26CyqXbdKVPWuUHnGol9dVNwnn1B9YmaTob!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPRx26CyqXbdKVPWuUHnGol9dVNwnn1B9YmaTob%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya26.928999-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бельвуар 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@32.5005098,35.5016501,3a,75y,359.06h,55.99t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOZWhppP87a02Vi7Zn4w0U2OfT9H8IlNNc0O8NU!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOZWhppP87a02Vi7Zn4w0U2OfT9H8IlNNc0O8NU%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya300-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бейт Шеан, арх. парк</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@32.5005098,35.5016501,3a,26.8y,192.69h,62.4t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNwwSIY7hU2LaKx7TZE77pSBxQR8eAXhMkVYcFB!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNwwSIY7hU2LaKx7TZE77pSBxQR8eAXhMkVYcFB%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бейт Шеан, мечеть Бейсана</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5061583,35.5204783,3a,75y,252.12h,62.76t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOpM9XSHXIOSWIJD6m2KGBrlgFuck7mKRFrS_VR!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOpM9XSHXIOSWIJD6m2KGBrlgFuck7mKRFrS_VR%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya324.99097-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Бейт Шеан, Нахаль Харод</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.436399,35.554787,3a,15y,5.74h,85.89t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipORLRXtq1LhmRa3XPC6OqTF5tbgm8nzl-5wfb1O!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipORLRXtq1LhmRa3XPC6OqTF5tbgm8nzl-5wfb1O%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya339.73547-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Малох</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.399176,35.526448,3a,75y,50.36h,22.25t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOgHJx0Qs2rbK2dtabQccTpFwtGqK4nUBfM4Peh!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOgHJx0Qs2rbK2dtabQccTpFwtGqK4nUBfM4Peh%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya274.87378-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Шалем</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.466659,35.4499573,3a,75y,212.09h,64.01t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOEaK2MTJ4hyxRxEYJqe7TNC3OrkzRfVrFxqwR7!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOEaK2MTJ4hyxRxEYJqe7TNC3OrkzRfVrFxqwR7%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya266.8676-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000">Эйн Мода</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@32.504062,35.457622,3a,82.3y,5.2h,72.97t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPYD0Y3lQFnlH-cvAhRfMHnGtZngDM_oLmiTaPn!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPYD0Y3lQFnlH-cvAhRfMHnGtZngDM_oLmiTaPn%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya40-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нир Давид</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.498875,35.457845,3a,75.9y,153.92h,63.93t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPGCzuO8763cG0ekC5w4LqocKiRpAlQXcpo_roj!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPGCzuO8763cG0ekC5w4LqocKiRpAlQXcpo_roj%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya279.8-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Нир Давид, Тель эш-Шаук</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/place/ChIJlSbattKXAhURaWGOPAwhbUw/@32.507282,35.448237,3a,75y,174.29h,70.42t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMidkXFgnUmVHFwri2siy3Xk7f7egsR-nZah_4c!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMidkXFgnUmVHFwri2siy3Xk7f7egsR-nZah_4c%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya9.600006-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s100135404576574231483!3m1!1e1">Парк ха-Шлоша 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5072733,35.4473367,3a,75y,234.8h,69.38t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMyl3YwhKBiNXX-dZZvjiLzl6wn54S1D06oZasq!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMyl3YwhKBiNXX-dZZvjiLzl6wn54S1D06oZasq%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya76.73603-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Парк ха-Шлоша 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.550527,35.35736,3a,88.1y,138.38h,54.14t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPkoPoCs220dW0B3-zK_DjZB-cKmugm-rSaldC7!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPkoPoCs220dW0B3-zK_DjZB-cKmugm-rSaldC7%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya7.2046766-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i40001">Парк Харод, Гидона</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5520831,35.4084893,3a,24.9y,80.63h,77.64t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMBz5bSr3TkM19X1EvoFlngy2xYassbYXNaAUT0!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMBz5bSr3TkM19X1EvoFlngy2xYassbYXNaAUT0%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i6614!8i3307">Кфар Иехезкель</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7fz2s">Эйн Харод</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.514005,35.413295,3a,61.8y,133.49h,67.55t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipODhuzB8Ujm0lSkH0CAMqYiEyMZF0kFCiEWaBbK!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipODhuzB8Ujm0lSkH0CAMqYiEyMZF0kFCiEWaBbK%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Баркан (Гильбоа)</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.4347017,35.41622,3a,62.2y,192.98h,60.53t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN1mH0EXci1Np86eilMO8Y51LuclSk4Fjmm9pvK!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN1mH0EXci1Np86eilMO8Y51LuclSk4Fjmm9pvK%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Малкишуа</a><br />
<br />
<b>Галилейское море</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.6463299,35.5734547,3a,87y,215.57h,61.15t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sAF1QipPC4Bfs9Yu_KuL1EaJSQXNl2e3RHaSh4hknYjsZ!2e10!7i12000!8i6000">ГЭС Рутенберга 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.6464386,35.5732002,3a,75y,299.59h,65.26t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM73LUgjG0XjO5q4_XjuVehJuYjjEcqqEFyISOC!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM73LUgjG0XjO5q4_XjuVehJuYjjEcqqEFyISOC%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i16000!8i8000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">ГЭС Рутенберга 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.6809417,35.5773186,3a,53.6y,2.47h,66.51t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOZuGTyUpDNI7hbIW3ZJEgCa0hgPQGM_fetLx81!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOZuGTyUpDNI7hbIW3ZJEgCa0hgPQGM_fetLx81%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya298.75064-ro-0-fo100!7i4000!8i2000">Афиким 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.6807168,35.5772807,3a,83.8y,17.72h,61.95t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPB5Nx9hm00BLje4BPpPADo17zGaHgod-RHh-bV!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPB5Nx9hm00BLje4BPpPADo17zGaHgod-RHh-bV%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya319.2117-ro-0-fo100!7i4000!8i2000">Афиким 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105085085188394726459/photos/@32.6828308,35.5705643,3a,55.6y,256.25h,75.49t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOpMkoJSs-mNFV7sH19G1oQUDgU-pV8PF0zUbmK!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOpMkoJSs-mNFV7sH19G1oQUDgU-pV8PF0zUbmK%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Западнее Афикима</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114216496185371300763/photos/@32.7069436,35.5861226,3a,84.5y,354.76h,42.61t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOnu9LWd5aBAS-b613ijciUWt_P7IaK1DRsZ0ZL!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOnu9LWd5aBAS-b613ijciUWt_P7IaK1DRsZ0ZL%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-6.979362-ya193.13321-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Цемах, общая</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114216496185371300763/photos/@32.7047916,35.5845585,3a,74.9y,234.01h,41.56t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPmyoT1i9S4JiJgjgGNEhomKiSz7YUCAA1zBYaj!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPmyoT1i9S4JiJgjgGNEhomKiSz7YUCAA1zBYaj%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тегарт Самах</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114216496185371300763/photos/@32.7115426,35.5730888,3a,57.4y,8.65h,67.44t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN2Zzf2mlOwcPAO3mu4zr8tFNn4MeJW2lGIJOEO!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN2Zzf2mlOwcPAO3mu4zr8tFNn4MeJW2lGIJOEO%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya305.2908-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ярденит</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7227783,35.5680542,3a,80.5y,126.52h,58.78t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMfnst98wtQvhlUoTDvexgCkpsoo_HIoLmfMBIC!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMfnst98wtQvhlUoTDvexgCkpsoo_HIoLmfMBIC%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya358.87933-ro-0-fo100!7i8520!8i4260">Киннерет</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7684295,35.5500707,3a,79.8y,344.07h,66.58t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOkjANcdvxfOYR79rRs_0Knoc5Oz0LKW4HMpxtQ!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOkjANcdvxfOYR79rRs_0Knoc5Oz0LKW4HMpxtQ%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya345.95773-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Хамат Тверия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.765555,35.5418967,3a,60y,8.33h,65.82t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOdtvluQaglNVLZUUudXkgsXACmh2j6OKSbJCxF!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOdtvluQaglNVLZUUudXkgsXACmh2j6OKSbJCxF%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хамат Тверия с гор</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101344822722147606900/photos/@32.7731541,35.5461674,3a,75y,315.26h,67.38t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMyV-c1tRAxP4XNl_zwtFSib6n4MDsxlf2TlBBK!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMyV-c1tRAxP4XNl_zwtFSib6n4MDsxlf2TlBBK%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тивериада</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@32.7852033,35.5405217,3a,88.7y,194.32h,45.46t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNBIcXPZjYqNFQR_nJ4MrxASOY2ZqfhQIY3OMio!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNBIcXPZjYqNFQR_nJ4MrxASOY2ZqfhQIY3OMio%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тверия, юг</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101344822722147606900/photos/@32.8013073,35.5311662,3a,82.6y,122.98h,42.49t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPdfvBGZb73yMarDjXLmg5uDlPEFKFmDdWbh0Pu!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPdfvBGZb73yMarDjXLmg5uDlPEFKFmDdWbh0Pu%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya280-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тверия, юг</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101344822722147606900/photos/@32.79282,35.5421967,3a,41.5y,102.55h,73.58t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPwJBWPiZTICZPlHFuQzZ3elh8Di4954Y6GYzeB!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPwJBWPiZTICZPlHFuQzZ3elh8Di4954Y6GYzeB%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya120-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тверия общая</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114216496185371300763/photos/@32.7935201,35.5385905,3a,49.2y,178.59h,68.56t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP0dAbcl3UU1tpDCvPrywui9FxYRBaPfLnpr_rL!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP0dAbcl3UU1tpDCvPrywui9FxYRBaPfLnpr_rL%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya100-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тверия север</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117427303441612377166/photos/@32.7867317,35.5446205,3a,61.9y,191.6h,64.18t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMVBtFV6abM_cKmne8bd0OTPufJFU7xp0kprt2U!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMVBtFV6abM_cKmne8bd0OTPufJFU7xp0kprt2U%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тверия, Mosque al-Bahr</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7889037,35.5413985,3a,41.4y,308.58h,73.22t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN2OxbDNy6B1-33OXIhvb6eeT1fFrbXtMgUeTHz!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN2OxbDNy6B1-33OXIhvb6eeT1fFrbXtMgUeTHz%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya125.526505-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тверия, Mosque az-Zidani</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101344822722147606900/photos/@32.7883283,35.52967,3a,58.8y,205.34h,61.58t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNN6vf98isNQ1ryxwJ-i4MjL-ipCO1EQ5YVu8vF!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNN6vf98isNQ1ryxwJ-i4MjL-ipCO1EQ5YVu8vF%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya340-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тверия, гр-ца рабби Акивы</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7791103,35.5346165,3a,60y,118.33h,75.43t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOTWOAzMKtmM2i50FPwJZsu8PVU9k19HogHfUbO!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOTWOAzMKtmM2i50FPwJZsu8PVU9k19HogHfUbO%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya331.59692-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Тверия с гор</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7925567,35.5347317,3a,84.2y,216.52h,76.42t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOLsyTSe74TSmOylrk4sdhcOmM3dZyy6PNPt_v3!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOLsyTSe74TSmOylrk4sdhcOmM3dZyy6PNPt_v3%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya44.18649-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тверия, центр</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114216496185371300763/photos/@32.796474,35.5257585,3a,40.6y,73.37h,66.59t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOZjSMELKoSOjlDQUOyZwyh_UPdDK6cjs-3Tqfz!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOZjSMELKoSOjlDQUOyZwyh_UPdDK6cjs-3Tqfz%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya301.3505-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тверия, Тегарт 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.792135,35.5231517,3a,31.1y,314.94h,75.27t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNbUCKrAcXDMefWrGMIJhTJai2CTQ4Yj6J-tEpc!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNbUCKrAcXDMefWrGMIJhTJai2CTQ4Yj6J-tEpc%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya222.68108-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тегарт 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117805366307007549697/photos/@32.8024983,35.5257994,3a,68.4y,147.5h,62.27t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPUqGLxWmsqiNad55PHpSXCFHVwyD9h-pIEMQEH!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPUqGLxWmsqiNad55PHpSXCFHVwyD9h-pIEMQEH%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8532!8i4266!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тверия север</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8106491,35.5251372,3a,19.3y,330.76h,71.88t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPoTH9ojvr3rqB1m0l3BGZZToPgPs7rjyJ8IkaW!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPoTH9ojvr3rqB1m0l3BGZZToPgPs7rjyJ8IkaW%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya82.4074-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Ракат 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/photos/@32.8078717,35.527545,3a,75y,18.13h,81t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO7VqPpjLRRBMHN9BNegWmjw_1mQHsBTke7xUtq!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO7VqPpjLRRBMHN9BNegWmjw_1mQHsBTke7xUtq%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Ракат 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101344822722147606900/photos/@32.82245,35.4952883,3a,75y,168.69h,62.66t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM3-VGPG2TkOQ_fKW4UsPlFU627VwmVoEwwJEV0!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM3-VGPG2TkOQ_fKW4UsPlFU627VwmVoEwwJEV0%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya40-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Арбель 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104117765849476235124/photos/@32.8246417,35.4993,3a,75y,242.63h,75.87t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMKuR5OZHd7i2NNqgabgFtVYx19y69YRwyvVYtP!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMKuR5OZHd7i2NNqgabgFtVYx19y69YRwyvVYtP%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya64.50161-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Арбель 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.8353417,35.498425,3a,86.8y,251.86h,67.78t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM7pXLdAYSRVOsDMeRofoMoCnLbZ6S7ccWr_poV!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM7pXLdAYSRVOsDMeRofoMoCnLbZ6S7ccWr_poV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya60-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мигдаль общая</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@32.8241667,35.4986111,3a,75y,88.97h,73.53t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNkmBxfK0UvrEfldWO1ROOYnRpJ7wZX3xnPmyoY!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNkmBxfK0UvrEfldWO1ROOYnRpJ7wZX3xnPmyoY%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya40-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мигдаль, юг</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.84125,35.5053783,3a,60.9y,291.7h,71.55t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPp2hG0lQYRmr_lT3tDwmHzedK6G27DhWYzPE1g!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPp2hG0lQYRmr_lT3tDwmHzedK6G27DhWYzPE1g%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya304.1845-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Мигдаль, восток</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/severnyj-okrug-170/migdal-2729/migdal-panorama35466">Мигдаль, север</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8467883,35.5060717,3a,15y,12.8h,82.16t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPUmmnSlmB2c0ueFclz_XCzupPht2wfr0hepmnN!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPUmmnSlmB2c0ueFclz_XCzupPht2wfr0hepmnN%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya27.03773-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Макам шейха Абу Шуша из Мигдаля</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8445316,35.5159775,3a,75y,271.1h,69.51t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOWj99AlxIUBgKycq4eiDT5myz-BMEaYzVm_oEP!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOWj99AlxIUBgKycq4eiDT5myz-BMEaYzVm_oEP%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya77.93721-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096z">Гинносар с юга</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8436,35.5273033,3a,75y,231.12h,61.96t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNMQprfdjZzzMnbtbYELhk3LUcXepsb_xOsgFfX!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNMQprfdjZzzMnbtbYELhk3LUcXepsb_xOsgFfX%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya189.93861-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Гинносар пляж</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8627707,35.535683,3a,49.2y,1.35h,71.32t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOZL0ZUXTYgN0H9lP6rrLVU1lnN0zZGk-P8mtWm!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOZL0ZUXTYgN0H9lP6rrLVU1lnN0zZGk-P8mtWm%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya16.43432-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000">Пляж Хукок</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112679057624707499149/photos/@32.8953939,35.4995768,3a,75y,184.39h,74.52t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMZeJxDXqt76xUFc40w91aLXjp0YIVTl8_iwCT4!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMZeJxDXqt76xUFc40w91aLXjp0YIVTl8_iwCT4%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya144.67297-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Амуд</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8714218,35.5515213,3a,75y,101.59h,70.55t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPAnAtRFKU01o54xgDc9d8hjXMqzicRCeUnjJro!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPAnAtRFKU01o54xgDc9d8hjXMqzicRCeUnjJro%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya15.227451-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Табха 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8740995,35.5602286,3a,75y,175.96h,63.72t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPqqCzcPoOE84auDMH9_FmTuiou0RTkRpo2vI2q!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPqqCzcPoOE84auDMH9_FmTuiou0RTkRpo2vI2q%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya42.433495-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Табха 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101344822722147606900/photos/@32.8723167,35.5521183,3a,75y,278.89h,62.78t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOflQ8M4fT9lZ2mCRYEmC0fu9QH0_2i1mtM0ud1!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOflQ8M4fT9lZ2mCRYEmC0fu9QH0_2i1mtM0ud1%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Табха, Эйн Айуб</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113941981009832137219/photos/@32.88063,35.5563533,3a,75.8y,317.29h,54.75t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPUC-cqb4NsT64FVTcGLGADfbZFu0hQRFf-mpZY!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPUC-cqb4NsT64FVTcGLGADfbZFu0hQRFf-mpZY%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Церковь Блаженств 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112679057624707499149/photos/@32.8820075,35.5565657,3a,75y,320.13h,59.69t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNo17kf0wegIUsH1MnSIb6xUGkTDtk7FhUfYTL1!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNo17kf0wegIUsH1MnSIb6xUGkTDtk7FhUfYTL1%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-30.000002-ya359.09943-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Церковь 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101344822722147606900/photos/@32.88001,35.5694767,3a,90y,78.69h,58.39t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP2rO5F5E2Dz-z5vxmLLmmy6WZMaro2GldMKEcV!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP2rO5F5E2Dz-z5vxmLLmmy6WZMaro2GldMKEcV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya300-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Капернаум 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113941981009832137219/photos/@32.8807467,35.5740617,3a,75y,344.43h,46.06t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMlB5pdN8GKjE9lSjPG-XQQ4kDNWCa11NmX2AXs!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMlB5pdN8GKjE9lSjPG-XQQ4kDNWCa11NmX2AXs%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Капернаум 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8810188,35.5754351,3a,75y,331.55h,63.54t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPEd08KOf5K0jNDEpPYCtdT7e5oJlkRMYEL5tls!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPEd08KOf5K0jNDEpPYCtdT7e5oJlkRMYEL5tls%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya122.21091-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Капернаум 3</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112679057624707499149/photos/@32.8813751,35.5770584,3a,83.3y,140.59h,65.21t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMZiYjxTdn-gMuk_OuwN_V5uy2TOdrzA_SNfwvH!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMZiYjxTdn-gMuk_OuwN_V5uy2TOdrzA_SNfwvH%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Капернаум 4</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@32.88238,35.5787633,3a,75y,211.4h,56.19t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNjH3WVnBpyN6lje3JwczlPGMcfPigctmg62knv!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNjH3WVnBpyN6lje3JwczlPGMcfPigctmg62knv%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Капернаум 5</a>; <a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/capernaum-kfar-nahum-by-the-kinerret-sea-of-galilee-israel-aerial-pano">Капернаум 6</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.9122229,35.5648923,3a,80.3y,37.72h,62.46t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPpsbXG0Ldx9MTba4z72-2v-jG60E-G4M7zVQ_p!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPpsbXG0Ldx9MTba4z72-2v-jG60E-G4M7zVQ_p%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya235.42575-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Хоразин</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@32.890607,35.591507,3a,53.6y,280.78h,62.41t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMEIgta5N0ZdLqdllJybSwwZ39VlZwL9HWzaEtQ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMEIgta5N0ZdLqdllJybSwwZ39VlZwL9HWzaEtQ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya336.2-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пляж Амнон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.9050793,35.6253687,3a,35.5y,305.06h,80.76t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMV6fCXyv92XIFbdN17Co6Wq4zp6kyTxzJduVeW!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMV6fCXyv92XIFbdN17Co6Wq4zp6kyTxzJduVeW%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya338.39868-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Вифсаида</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@32.9272783,35.62233,3a,28.7y,310.89h,65.73t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNVDc70tuv78Yr-ikAnSsOOk6Jn9BUPKvODp7n1!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNVDc70tuv78Yr-ikAnSsOOk6Jn9BUPKvODp7n1%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хурват Дикке 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110560687073784167626/photos/@32.9251213,35.6216888,3a,25.7y,307.22h,61.82t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPMQVEOyHjI7cmScdkI_8d34fkb2lP01XcTp1Ds!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPMQVEOyHjI7cmScdkI_8d34fkb2lP01XcTp1Ds%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya340-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хурват Дикке 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.892641,35.617731,3a,57.3y,68.14h,55.16t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMpz4eDAPV4iNqssKcDRL_i0GpDiOSgEvBsekL_!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMpz4eDAPV4iNqssKcDRL_i0GpDiOSgEvBsekL_%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya222.677-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бейт ха-Бек 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.893602,35.612619,3a,52.3y,86.05h,81.03t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM9Ho8b4nuzR81K2AyMxra7N88Ok_1TPw0uc9yi!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM9Ho8b4nuzR81K2AyMxra7N88Ok_1TPw0uc9yi%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya206.28418-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Бейт ха-Бек 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8922744,35.6241394,3a,75y,351.42h,67.8t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNTO_oKM4RWlz0c02T6203NLsNh2TjzlPfy32Kb!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNTO_oKM4RWlz0c02T6203NLsNh2TjzlPfy32Kb%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya77.091064-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Бейт ха-Бек 3</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.893606,35.625745,3a,18.4y,266.04h,80.43t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sAF1QipPluucaPlW9ndfR1PjPUbPhU6Talp0wPW3Csi-g!2e10!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Бейт ха-Бек 4</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113896715610601701665/photos/@32.8844414,35.6553917,3a,77y,44.84h,76.01t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNSDUyQgFyx0a_KgSvgIz9RhAgBeBtajQ21-Cdx!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNSDUyQgFyx0a_KgSvgIz9RhAgBeBtajQ21-Cdx%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Зпв. Маграсе 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116552485848610241479/photos/@32.885841,35.640993,3a,90y,348.75h,64.99t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMyHXPz0f_PvayDth2pJ9UBWRfl7kIykBD3jxmA!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMyHXPz0f_PvayDth2pJ9UBWRfl7kIykBD3jxmA%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya280-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Зпв. Маграсе 2</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/severnyj-okrug-170/kineret-panorama19633">Зпв. Маграсе, Эл-Мусадия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8590426,35.6430827,3a,62.5y,1.79h,65.51t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOefc843SLh-hNJDRAl6FvkfLCztpD04aY71RTJ!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOefc843SLh-hNJDRAl6FvkfLCztpD04aY71RTJ%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya7.0269237-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Кинар</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105382368989782684052/photos/@32.8484424,35.6671143,3a,38.3y,320.27h,79.41t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPDmqoHw-YrkjVi6IfFNIcNsKS27zHNG2XcnpCs!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPDmqoHw-YrkjVi6IfFNIcNsKS27zHNG2XcnpCs%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya224.699-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Рамот</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8261184,35.6502168,3a,57.5y,1.94h,73.59t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNsONWlSpzkDU1Y6bEAEuW80Ros4OtmhjXME6x-!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNsONWlSpzkDU1Y6bEAEuW80Ros4OtmhjXME6x-%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya169.10744-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Курси 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.821625,35.6569517,3a,45.1y,155.73h,71.27t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPWJHDWj2nzDuvDdKV9XyYr7sDDl1JPtNdvFV0t!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPWJHDWj2nzDuvDdKV9XyYr7sDDl1JPtNdvFV0t%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya74.07456-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Курси 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105103204529537305059/photos/@32.8230499,35.6450438,3a,75y,146h,76.43t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNSll-h26o8-wkk14m25wCpsUmhlY2f-ng2PxZ7!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNSll-h26o8-wkk14m25wCpsUmhlY2f-ng2PxZ7%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пляж Лавнун</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7481623,35.6344795,3a,58.4y,20.53h,69.35t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOfeAN4VauPSaEyRt7AWTVJuhDC2gS-dZD6LfoU!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOfeAN4VauPSaEyRt7AWTVJuhDC2gS-dZD6LfoU%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya141.03009-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Пляж Ротем</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.789455,35.6392102,3a,76.7y,328.87h,58.57t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOCs4BgUqis357H5aU5Ippa40w1Dg0IglvFXNly!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOCs4BgUqis357H5aU5Ippa40w1Dg0IglvFXNly%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya311.06412-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Пляж Сусита</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7181783,35.6145217,3a,48.9y,25.16h,76.44t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPUasxTP0scP3xP2rYiT_TqwwM_H5OP7Eho0hmE!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPUasxTP0scP3xP2rYiT_TqwwM_H5OP7Eho0hmE%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya282.9348-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Ха-Он</a><br /><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112679057624707499149/photos/@32.9083842,35.4841604,3a,75.3y,296.4h,75.54t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNwfWx1hGLXXjBa0i0Gtw8734JZxU3RfvZTmPfg!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNwfWx1hGLXXjBa0i0Gtw8734JZxU3RfvZTmPfg%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-30.000002-ya358.0863-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Амуд, 85-е шоссе</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.9049988,35.5216675,3a,75y,95.31h,55.81t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNXVIZAYKxEWZHJoWNbth3I7N8YRQAdA2AWgiya!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNXVIZAYKxEWZHJoWNbth3I7N8YRQAdA2AWgiya%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya11.133967-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">АЗС 85-е шоссе</a><br />
<br /><b>Голаны</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.6830467,35.662795,3a,75y,261.43h,69.58t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNcQvdAoRHQQv6PmmoQCvVMM5f-01E5w4ZS2gqG!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNcQvdAoRHQQv6PmmoQCvVMM5f-01E5w4ZS2gqG%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хаммат Гадер 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.6868433,35.667945,3a,60.4y,295.4h,87.57t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP2RISLN5bzapXpnLeSFU9QjsVhBFLGLSEQiXZV!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP2RISLN5bzapXpnLeSFU9QjsVhBFLGLSEQiXZV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya340-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хаммат Гадер 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.8910483,35.6831167,3a,82.8y,191.78h,66.3t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMC4JndiZawRdb97cpFIRhJibKFu_ob589qaPPv!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMC4JndiZawRdb97cpFIRhJibKFu_ob589qaPPv%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya300-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Маале-Гамла</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.889838,35.714358,3a,48.4y,170.46h,76.49t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP7fHoiVfdw-kRVpKAMpx-8MvcpWg9I03Rcb6YB!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP7fHoiVfdw-kRVpKAMpx-8MvcpWg9I03Rcb6YB%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-10-ya355.68707-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Воен. база Гамла</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107679402789528951406/photos/@32.9087024,35.8009647,3a,75y,264h,56.12t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPPXPxLqT2XfwfalBvUfpw-BnkHJwdqckZdQeP3!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPPXPxLqT2XfwfalBvUfpw-BnkHJwdqckZdQeP3%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya300-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Руджм эл-Хири</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.9547348,35.7535706,3a,70.8y,342.71h,66.22t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNeESWnkZ3olc0NVg1M6pEn8VO_WTiKedIiyFQ0!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNeESWnkZ3olc0NVg1M6pEn8VO_WTiKedIiyFQ0%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya344.4976-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Вдп Айт</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113896715610601701665/photos/@33.0451202,35.664711,3a,75y,321.09h,63.56t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN3HOXzr5kx0ydtzXehezhFjeruuvw5I0S4AYP5!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN3HOXzr5kx0ydtzXehezhFjeruuvw5I0S4AYP5%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кфар Двора</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113896715610601701665/photos/@33.0425606,35.6731529,3a,89.1y,176.36h,60.87t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOV8AvE4ixKmEMqg8jxIDbdz3lRmzxu_-6z4VB0!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOV8AvE4ixKmEMqg8jxIDbdz3lRmzxu_-6z4VB0%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya4.0311832-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Увейнат эш-Шамалия 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113896715610601701665/photos/@33.0448799,35.6711121,3a,75y,294.13h,57.71t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPRjq8VqDttaSmRBReFXjoiRN2a-WFXXCtf18pw!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPRjq8VqDttaSmRBReFXjoiRN2a-WFXXCtf18pw%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya340-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Увейнат 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100651636707582044226/photos/@33.0413284,35.6293831,3a,75y,354.37h,73.7t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOAyz0YZAsVJji3oiXdCXuJ35vQBbJpjgOvta_Q!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOAyz0YZAsVJji3oiXdCXuJ35vQBbJpjgOvta_Q%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya80-ro-0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Pkak Bridge</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.0096262,35.6292928,3a,56.1y,124.74h,68.36t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMW1VKNL3OFv6-Xnbdm_-SegiowRBBvvn1KCEDF!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMW1VKNL3OFv6-Xnbdm_-SegiowRBBvvn1KCEDF%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya323.62207-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Гонен</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/118352688022691993635/photos/@33.1506388,35.6279,3a,75y,128.31h,65.21t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNfGHyvWgXWt3mzZqqouhWylRtEqY41dwQkgQZx!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNfGHyvWgXWt3mzZqqouhWylRtEqY41dwQkgQZx%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya100-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Лехавот ха-Башан</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@33.118093,35.728103,3a,51.8y,309.17h,84.28t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPP0BVIYXcNe1AWpDmf3nvHCKIteUGyI_baHM6F!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPP0BVIYXcNe1AWpDmf3nvHCKIteUGyI_baHM6F%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya294.097-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Шейбан</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.131601,35.69039,3a,67.3y,201.68h,42.68t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPKfr-IEBJGIAzcbh9HzRg6xlBiRPU1maCVgd00!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPKfr-IEBJGIAzcbh9HzRg6xlBiRPU1maCVgd00%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya273.22656-ro-0-fo100!7i8508!8i4254">Брухим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.140925,35.6780617,3a,88.8y,206.78h,58.07t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNZHZd2U6B1je2U6FbPKl4bETAOsfh7ibhE83_A!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNZHZd2U6B1je2U6FbPKl4bETAOsfh7ibhE83_A%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya39.56773-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нахаль Орвим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.161541,35.7177391,3a,75y,67.66h,70.2t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMKo2dwkncL1CIrg59bbJCHSroSHsAqbzZa4fzn!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMKo2dwkncL1CIrg59bbJCHSroSHsAqbzZa4fzn%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Кела</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@33.0231318,35.8191331,3a,88y,133.19h,72.77t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM_I9YP4P-2xuoct6aM-6h5yXL4rSo4X9v_lyPU!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM_I9YP4P-2xuoct6aM-6h5yXL4rSo4X9v_lyPU%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Оз. Бней Цфат</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@33.080335,35.832952,3a,41.1y,343.82h,57.59t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP48DBCDj-Ufg1jjF-1Lq6dbmiXTVHvdcg8ARlJ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP48DBCDj-Ufg1jjF-1Lq6dbmiXTVHvdcg8ARlJ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya213.10002-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ветряки 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.0817472,35.8349717,3a,75y,21.26h,43.7t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMgVJVK42il8cLec2esGjEwn1r6eeW6i9eg2XGS!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMgVJVK42il8cLec2esGjEwn1r6eeW6i9eg2XGS%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya284.824-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Ветряки 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@33.093954,35.798281,3a,75.9y,303.76h,65.76t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMHQgp82iyooQnbhcJ1zDGio43un-YS2M8ReeLZ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMHQgp82iyooQnbhcJ1zDGio43un-YS2M8ReeLZ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya240.67525-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйн Зиван</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112679057624707499149/photos/@33.1027404,35.8241666,3a,48.1y,236.19h,82.66t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNoOwS0zNL4yKMEu-iNM57ZI17nxq0OCqKcdu2j!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNoOwS0zNL4yKMEu-iNM57ZI17nxq0OCqKcdu2j%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya161.61038-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Сирийский госпиталь</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100046136317406303792/photos/@33.1287583,35.785605,3a,75y,2.16h,60.96t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOv-3MPOB0YPeAdZDnTz31bRkyMQnT0Zv_Z5E0U!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOv-3MPOB0YPeAdZDnTz31bRkyMQnT0Zv_Z5E0U%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya154.45337-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Бенталь</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@33.1347357,35.775165,3a,75y,301.1h,68.65t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOXEfjh9M-Ke_GSOK_FgJWBR2gnveId4_8fMoZv!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOXEfjh9M-Ke_GSOK_FgJWBR2gnveId4_8fMoZv%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya340-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мером Голан 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105790756830699193055/photos/@33.13257,35.777135,3a,90y,342.76h,77.32t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNqZBZ-9XcNz9_MvVUz3wB6QhcSiekWcnzA2HF1!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNqZBZ-9XcNz9_MvVUz3wB6QhcSiekWcnzA2HF1%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-2.363344-ya186.0032-ro-0-fo100!7i9600!8i4800!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мером Голан 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.1404778,35.7774383,3a,15y,289.2h,83.84t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMTQ4IToREqammmzC8r72TRykSGWtbq2jXme5L1!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMTQ4IToREqammmzC8r72TRykSGWtbq2jXme5L1%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya306.0251-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Баб эл-Хава</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.1582867,35.77901,3a,57.6y,72.44h,67.2t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM_kvhZntASgGhYc2vHDgrgoB7QtcBuffHjZpP0!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM_kvhZntASgGhYc2vHDgrgoB7QtcBuffHjZpP0%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya351.01028-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Гора Барон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@33.1563198,35.8001717,3a,54.6y,173.08h,77.43t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPUNkllzFHLpKm24l2ZD6Ftsay680GsYbu_UA23!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPUNkllzFHLpKm24l2ZD6Ftsay680GsYbu_UA23%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Укр. пост Бустер</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.2051837,35.7705074,3a,46.3y,221.47h,78.73t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOI5x5mswBQL7EXyP8XL5J1FCmrau_jvTm0BbBb!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOI5x5mswBQL7EXyP8XL5J1FCmrau_jvTm0BbBb%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya307.38135-ro-0-fo100!7i7087!8i3543">Буката – Масада (гора Крамим)</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.2294067,35.7573217,3a,75y,304.6h,71.94t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNiv2aE9dkPyDgAofcrCwvFK9w8nk2s6qO4sbDf!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNiv2aE9dkPyDgAofcrCwvFK9w8nk2s6qO4sbDf%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya264.51724-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Масада, оз. Рам</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100046136317406303792/photos/@33.2284783,35.7675133,3a,75y,339.65h,82.95t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP5arUvX-VYK9JqlrqlzG77DmVlmwmaBx3_dy5f!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP5arUvX-VYK9JqlrqlzG77DmVlmwmaBx3_dy5f%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya239.61026-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Оз. Рам 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100046136317406303792/photos/@33.2241367,35.76403,3a,75y,350.88h,81.98t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNXWIa19rfn4EZGZ9Xy9nuZ-EGWHrythC5Kk6VO!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNXWIa19rfn4EZGZ9Xy9nuZ-EGWHrythC5Kk6VO%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya9.007797-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Оз. Рам 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@33.246164,35.753318,3a,75y,186.24h,58.6t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPPXYvOwqDAnBREH9Ki962SlqMluhfCggIws_vI!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPPXYvOwqDAnBREH9Ki962SlqMluhfCggIws_vI%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya48.449306-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нимрод, оз. Рам</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.244307,35.753172,3a,75y,131.81h,77.81t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM_J6fmsGQQdQXZqMQLmzykALuaYxJ7C3irzZ_q!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM_J6fmsGQQdQXZqMQLmzykALuaYxJ7C3irzZ_q%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya277.40805-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Нимрод 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116454028586176072069/photos/@33.3073997,35.7778206,3a,90y,336.3h,69.39t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOEdd12VKDVA8wLIJZFzyyOKFwBmYV2qN9WTCnI!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOEdd12VKDVA8wLIJZFzyyOKFwBmYV2qN9WTCnI%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya80-ro-0-fo100!7i5669!8i2835!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Горнолыж. центр Хермон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.2390167,35.7677783,3a,75y,357.4h,73.68t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP5xUTmpC-nu1quK4w9yfBbKVxRR4wu8HjKqYkJ!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP5xUTmpC-nu1quK4w9yfBbKVxRR4wu8HjKqYkJ%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya305.9916-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нэби Йафори 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.2414698,35.7685678,3a,90y,343.59h,63.65t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNEr11ZeQwJAsWK0pVxFJQVye2hvOX_VYaVrQYu!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNEr11ZeQwJAsWK0pVxFJQVye2hvOX_VYaVrQYu%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya150.58858-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нэби Йафори 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@33.250146,35.728744,3a,85.5y,245.82h,42.74t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOp9T3o_XV1fxmJHqEw6a-w97Tr_H_Z6O5a6TS5!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOp9T3o_XV1fxmJHqEw6a-w97Tr_H_Z6O5a6TS5%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya131.31361-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нэби Хазури 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.2501907,35.7282372,3a,75y,348.42h,58.02t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOJ2KmnJkcSvI2KBeN0LKExS3zQ1Ymtxh3xO4Io!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOJ2KmnJkcSvI2KBeN0LKExS3zQ1Ymtxh3xO4Io%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya308.24954-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нэби Хазури 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@33.252725,35.7163383,3a,75y,262.72h,60.73t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOFnzlW2F6Sm2Go6GCVVXvW7LUuSY4rRBnxOTRU!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOFnzlW2F6Sm2Go6GCVVXvW7LUuSY4rRBnxOTRU%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya350.7717-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мивцар Нимрод 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.2508733,35.71523,3a,75y,342.61h,66.74t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMbEk-bqqof8YodCWeLwrYCK7tjH6MlemAapDMP!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMbEk-bqqof8YodCWeLwrYCK7tjH6MlemAapDMP%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya27.809212-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нимрод 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.2481133,35.7125467,3a,83.8y,355.79h,67.72t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMfummeibq_avuOznCQ0YtSXASGoASaXtVqqZ09!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMfummeibq_avuOznCQ0YtSXASGoASaXtVqqZ09%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya238.32109-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нимрод 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.2402467,35.7032133,3a,75y,339.41h,71.82t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN-ABW3XUqjfKAoL4odNv0nmSHv7JYUpMOzCA2w!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN-ABW3XUqjfKAoL4odNv0nmSHv7JYUpMOzCA2w%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya26.209066-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Вдп Са'ар 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/place/ChIJ2WCWS4e5HhURQut5Q0eRe84/@33.2401883,35.703145,3a,64.1y,308.13h,74.53t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNb9qjDuhR02uQzYFDVm_DNHbfNrUroBjdNAuC6!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNb9qjDuhR02uQzYFDVm_DNHbfNrUroBjdNAuC6%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya340-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s107541251718649648289!3m1!1e1">Вдп Са'ар 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/118352688022691993635/photos/@33.2445297,35.6918949,3a,75.8y,57.26h,60.76t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN9YiGCSZBrarRDIN5MSGBA3za_08SOJx6hcr2q!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN9YiGCSZBrarRDIN5MSGBA3za_08SOJx6hcr2q%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya268.99957-ro0-fo100!7i6928!8i3464!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Сион</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@33.2115517,35.6583939,3a,90y,29.94h,59.63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNyaRX5mL7y3-SeOlfyNiZ_GUVkUxWTt--3u0uW!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNyaRX5mL7y3-SeOlfyNiZ_GUVkUxWTt--3u0uW%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i16000!8i8000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Тель Абу Ханзира (Гиват ха=Эм)</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@33.22173,35.622833,3a,51.8y,63.91h,71.56t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNzNG3lP8HbIX4C08fqWCCjTTl6oyI0VyiM2MtV!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNzNG3lP8HbIX4C08fqWCCjTTl6oyI0VyiM2MtV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya300-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хуршат Таль</a><br /><br />
<b>Мёртвое море</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.773446,35.505424,3a,56.4y,217.22h,39.03t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN7BSP7Mc_GMt8cAWD23kk9lJ_UrR1wAuP6uJbk!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN7BSP7Mc_GMt8cAWD23kk9lJ_UrR1wAuP6uJbk%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya172.9903-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Калия, Брит. пост</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.774961,35.503414,3a,57.3y,140.21h,66.01t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOqV-rV-8N6rHxJcNbFnq3HPoMWB9jYu-Yoead4!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOqV-rV-8N6rHxJcNbFnq3HPoMWB9jYu-Yoead4%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya26.656502-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Калия</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.773189,35.506756,3a,75y,64.38h,64.28t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNHTcoCwUVEQ1s4OGt9PR9MDMfZ7xnh8N4V2Icn!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNHTcoCwUVEQ1s4OGt9PR9MDMfZ7xnh8N4V2Icn%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya43.22848-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пляж Лидо</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7643583,35.5003033,3a,57.8y,3.27h,77.49t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOCCQLEQgNbWLU-fue9pLqUEkpwFA7V9MdjJFaw!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOCCQLEQgNbWLU-fue9pLqUEkpwFA7V9MdjJFaw%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Пляж Калия 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7637805,35.501478,3a,75y,167.89h,75.22t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPSjtMF0OWl-oZetq8Pga2jzBIsXypayH5wuLey!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPSjtMF0OWl-oZetq8Pga2jzBIsXypayH5wuLey%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya103.89147-ro-0-fo100!7i13200!8i6600">Калия 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7473155,35.466144,3a,84.7y,134.63h,79.17t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN4qfRZxWQtFyuUYaiC2xA22cm64eCxysbu4c1V!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN4qfRZxWQtFyuUYaiC2xA22cm64eCxysbu4c1V%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya55.55901-ro-0-fo100!7i4000!8i2000">Калия 3</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@31.7636629,35.5025521,3a,75y,124.16h,61.92t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNBMtJwyH9wB6NzmyY2B_l23tqD66O97vLDRtuJ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNBMtJwyH9wB6NzmyY2B_l23tqD66O97vLDRtuJ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-1.9131835-ya124.95178-ro-0-fo100!7i13200!8i6600!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Калия 4</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.7605021,35.5077267,3a,59.5y,279.78h,68.81t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNOGeCehQ_k0084N8kD0917QI9CPZ-j7K8SVl30!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNOGeCehQ_k0084N8kD0917QI9CPZ-j7K8SVl30%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya53.335403-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Калия 5</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/106109020965991610662/photos/@31.741364,35.459491,3a,75y,9.29h,83.18t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNYWIdt9c8ITLa0rA0jdWeDtx1-O_oenFw4-xgs!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNYWIdt9c8ITLa0rA0jdWeDtx1-O_oenFw4-xgs%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya168.735-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Кумран</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/place/ChIJlX8ltRKTAhUR2bb9hs3afH8/@31.740631,35.455606,3a,81.7y,171.73h,75.53t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNj9WlkXUaZt44d61R9ADjfusL4HvgamcflYLVg!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNj9WlkXUaZt44d61R9ADjfusL4HvgamcflYLVg%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya344.4455-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s101891025065748829896!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Кумран</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/place/ChIJtadjPUIxAxUR08Ga2WP_EB4/@31.7156217,35.4534667,3a,85.6y,136.9h,74.76t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM22sDzBqKalD2SSsYjm9zMRALt3ddZ304jWIxQ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM22sDzBqKalD2SSsYjm9zMRALt3ddZ304jWIxQ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-13.842443-ya156.25401-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s101429672704089616501!3m1!1e1">Эйн Фешха 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7083624,35.4574403,3a,75y,277.09h,70.96t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM-uunsqxfGXw6L0HKi9ud232x56hVnJmV0BpDs!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM-uunsqxfGXw6L0HKi9ud232x56hVnJmV0BpDs%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0.53033376-ya268.3668-ro0.9343254-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Эйн Фешха 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7070251,35.4531379,3a,90y,284.87h,70.74t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPopkVzzb0J6ylwZr8AkPkwWrkqFNj7DkFixPsn!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPopkVzzb0J6ylwZr8AkPkwWrkqFNj7DkFixPsn%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-1.368317-ya136.88202-ro0.400197-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Эйн Фешха 3</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.70477,35.4443933,3a,58.5y,340.12h,72.61t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOba68S3iyXkGWiz6FbjyLbMmtV1aSkxNBwo6Dh!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOba68S3iyXkGWiz6FbjyLbMmtV1aSkxNBwo6Dh%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйн Фешха 4</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.6737783,35.4449533,3a,55.4y,159.41h,77.46t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPecSRTMQERgPSu33smUVQ2_f6ifAqjUQ-HQlau!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPecSRTMQERgPSu33smUVQ2_f6ifAqjUQ-HQlau%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya90.66199-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Авнат</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/108936326217524202368/photos/@31.6270729,35.3685679,3a,90y,14.1h,70.29t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMPq5dhShSuZX0BZ4tu3ueiqnQPeT_1w3mqL0WC!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMPq5dhShSuZX0BZ4tu3ueiqnQPeT_1w3mqL0WC%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Тмарим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.5757379,35.3942733,3a,74.3y,120.05h,63.55t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPg1yGJBSNvnmUd2W5zSaSiZd7Rd4-t1VCWb7-V!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPg1yGJBSNvnmUd2W5zSaSiZd7Rd4-t1VCWb7-V%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya300.82053-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Драгот</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.5806967,35.4064033,3a,90y,336.97h,49.06t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipONT7WIm0bPqlN6o9rvSiAfHFmNTQV3dD0MkWsG!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipONT7WIm0bPqlN6o9rvSiAfHFmNTQV3dD0MkWsG%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya347.28366-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">КПП Мецукей Драгот 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@31.5847783,35.404005,3a,75y,178.64h,81.25t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMIKGpG_FJkXsRUagA2ni98dlq2Mm561WeE7BOf!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMIKGpG_FJkXsRUagA2ni98dlq2Mm561WeE7BOf%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">КПП 2</a>;
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/darom-102/metsoke-dragot-2140/metsoke-dragot-beach-1-panorama23026">КПП 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@31.5825683,35.3912517,3a,75y,203.01h,72.2t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMVebQclvq8HFhPIgIu83gC66IYYe9f-60IzQSM!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMVebQclvq8HFhPIgIu83gC66IYYe9f-60IzQSM%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya60-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мецукей Драгот</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114216496185371300763/photos/@31.551165,35.3992316,3a,69.7y,23.45h,67.72t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMYKTq0ccRGpyqFZqpv-aWv25As1V3ZAQ3QAHvV!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMYKTq0ccRGpyqFZqpv-aWv25As1V3ZAQ3QAHvV%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пляж Минераль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.5791501,35.4152273,3a,43.2y,173.95h,76.18t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPIkiqPpCfOiryyE0EC1adX_A4hnUkmCnRQrKsc!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPIkiqPpCfOiryyE0EC1adX_A4hnUkmCnRQrKsc%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya143.61372-ro-0-fo100!7i14126!8i7063">Эйн Геди 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.4563503,35.3930664,3a,90y,8.54h,75.1t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOSFe3jo43Y_2f7YO45RYFLWKTVmYWqtzqich0V!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOSFe3jo43Y_2f7YO45RYFLWKTVmYWqtzqich0V%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya112.68489-ro-0-fo100!7i16000!8i8000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйн Геди 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.4490795,35.3961945,3a,61.2y,34.31h,70.32t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN5sK1YnOjk8hpa8Juyg1VL80EyUmCPUti_gP7u!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN5sK1YnOjk8hpa8Juyg1VL80EyUmCPUti_gP7u%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya284.64108-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Эйн Геди 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.4251022,35.359272,3a,75y,357.88h,61.95t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPFq1rZE6rWemzxGsCAa4i8JUrUutyvP-1PMwk!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPFq1rZE6rWemzxGsCAa4i8JUrUutyvP-1PMwk%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Нахаль Хевер 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107679402789528951406/photos/@31.441634,35.284765,3a,86.2y,16.86h,59.87t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMWDR_orMMBURj8DNi4zPcJ21HXqleOHGOf6WIB!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMWDR_orMMBURj8DNi4zPcJ21HXqleOHGOf6WIB%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-6.829269-ya158.0863-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Хевер 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.3051883,35.2699773,3a,85.5y,181.33h,70t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNqtpyhxzWS0cqeYjxSW-D35VqroHx4ufAQq-Kp!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNqtpyhxzWS0cqeYjxSW-D35VqroHx4ufAQq-Kp%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya3.3026524-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Кфар ха-Нокдим 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.3051883,35.2699773,3a,85.5y,181.33h,70t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNqtpyhxzWS0cqeYjxSW-D35VqroHx4ufAQq-Kp!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNqtpyhxzWS0cqeYjxSW-D35VqroHx4ufAQq-Kp%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya3.3026524-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Кфар ха-Нокдим 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.3374996,35.2769432,3a,75y,295.06h,66.69t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMPSkUH8ArC749OA_cMCDyvtKRaIbqa6iJmiZr8!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMPSkUH8ArC749OA_cMCDyvtKRaIbqa6iJmiZr8%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya343.49-ro-0-fo100!7i13104!8i6552">Брехат Цфира</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.331905,35.2788083,3a,75y,240.4h,58.96t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPpS-bQMpeWgPVhf64H0OXSDiSptmnsIN4UutSU!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPpS-bQMpeWgPVhf64H0OXSDiSptmnsIN4UutSU%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya345.6177-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Стоянка у Брехат Цфира</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@31.325489,35.3866994,3a,75y,217.52h,63.67t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNyeHCgT_EQqeEtOzApjwiE9Lxm8_ZD7S0zIXJy!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNyeHCgT_EQqeEtOzApjwiE9Lxm8_ZD7S0zIXJy%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Bar Yehuda Airfield</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.3116944,35.3784336,3a,56.5y,66.54h,69.45t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO0RQwluMKFdO_iV8EBmYy-ogreUFgrRx9JrnUz!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO0RQwluMKFdO_iV8EBmYy-ogreUFgrRx9JrnUz%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya354.17645-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000">Пер. Масада</a><br />
<a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/masada3-israel">Масада 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/106268854948486029429/photos/@31.3247375,35.3551064,3a,75y,187.99h,56.56t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMs8uKHIJ9Qqx6ubU2E9G_rfwoICDqD7F4lS74t!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMs8uKHIJ9Qqx6ubU2E9G_rfwoICDqD7F4lS74t%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-3.2270174-ya99.77486-ro-0-fo100!7i13500!8i6750!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Масада 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.3200833,35.3535867,3a,54.5y,109.27h,76.11t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN4fMK6ZyP7SxLKwH5mnF9toHG7AXs_MvWSGZly!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN4fMK6ZyP7SxLKwH5mnF9toHG7AXs_MvWSGZly%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya301.5021-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Масада 3</a>;
<a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/masada3-israel">Масада 4</a><br />
<a href="https://www.airpano.ru/360photo/dead-sea/">Эйн Бокек общая 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.193025,35.3661411,3a,54.2y,329.54h,66.3t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMNEb9jApu6IuTpv0KDEKJRws47OzHSJ-SFGoH6!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMNEb9jApu6IuTpv0KDEKJRws47OzHSJ-SFGoH6%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya169.21478-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000">Эйн Бокек общая 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/103469141085054303305/photos/@31.1955792,35.3629548,3a,75y,359.42h,73.22t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO_hufah87IXPi9n5OHxQz6W2ossRVsvqxCh-nF!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO_hufah87IXPi9n5OHxQz6W2ossRVsvqxCh-nF%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya340-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйн Бокек 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.1965313,35.3627663,3a,75y,138.33h,75.81t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNfkLqzZszIgcMJlIwjJBP-eJSH70qzuwJBycIK!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNfkLqzZszIgcMJlIwjJBP-eJSH70qzuwJBycIK%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya38.18691-ro-0-fo100!7i10000!8i5000">Эйн Бокек 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.1933008,35.3631663,3a,82.6y,72.6h,62.21t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP_xeGE5uqCq77kb9EpXBPHykx1PufeNAF_IViM!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP_xeGE5uqCq77kb9EpXBPHykx1PufeNAF_IViM%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya351.6245-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Хаммей Зоар</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100651636707582044226/photos/@31.1561317,35.3675079,3a,28.9y,98.72h,79.89t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMcXoysXV7J0k1i1cbkYfXYk8-hyVjA4bUiSISL!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMcXoysXV7J0k1i1cbkYfXYk8-hyVjA4bUiSISL%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Неве Зоар</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111826480444680442782/photos/@31.1483094,35.347489,3a,62.3y,8.65h,57.76t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMNX88tBFz2YreQKggtbDEuMOrKNn4OjhJPqzao!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMNX88tBFz2YreQKggtbDEuMOrKNn4OjhJPqzao%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya286.49518-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мецад Зоар</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.225195,35.229095,3a,75y,6.1h,76.31t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNQ94uQYKEXD_G2Hpr6ejjrNcs0tlfYKpnFWnQV!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNQ94uQYKEXD_G2Hpr6ejjrNcs0tlfYKpnFWnQV%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya340.50662-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Мицпе Зоар</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.119859,35.370862,3a,60y,177.78h,67.47t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNjTQaDU_qUgCGBB4qhCNtFf9n8zVvHd-unIcPm!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNjTQaDU_qUgCGBB4qhCNtFf9n8zVvHd-unIcPm%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya82.89999-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Сдом</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104117765849476235124/photos/@31.0765728,35.3867433,3a,57.5y,6.52h,87.16t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM0r791s9ZLM1GJCD25rcX3gF7b0JIH8ATmIaUP!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM0r791s9ZLM1GJCD25rcX3gF7b0JIH8ATmIaUP%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Сдом</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.057107,35.376812,3a,55.3y,41.44h,77.95t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOooi43sQfTta-JdxHYAze7dwMo-VFdVAsjfnQF!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOooi43sQfTta-JdxHYAze7dwMo-VFdVAsjfnQF%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya329.54-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Сдом, Мишор Ами'аз</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.085959,35.393972,3a,90y,240.01h,108.92t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNNqXFRFTNWAAbnHUiI4tGRBjZb7Rh6NhPV7apP!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNNqXFRFTNWAAbnHUiI4tGRBjZb7Rh6NhPV7apP%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya179.00002-ro-0-fo100!7i10240!8i5120">Пещера Сдом</a><br />
<br />
<b>Негев</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@31.3117617,34.7970167,3a,61.9y,116.01h,78.94t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNehFp4A0XYqd1d2vYZpWYweAdkWXLVv8PWrfCD!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNehFp4A0XYqd1d2vYZpWYweAdkWXLVv8PWrfCD%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Гораль 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@31.3085,34.8004383,3a,16.4y,148.37h,83.9t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNJvlQ-P0ETTMGFQN3FJtkJ3yoiPGs5o9jcLnLM!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNJvlQ-P0ETTMGFQN3FJtkJ3yoiPGs5o9jcLnLM%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Гораль 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@31.3076133,34.9015633,3a,75y,279.84h,62.84t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOopl3Hb3BF_bFtMcLJT0I0fgV3o1xVwY4hj2rY!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOopl3Hb3BF_bFtMcLJT0I0fgV3o1xVwY4hj2rY%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya131.02895-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пер. Шокет</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/102402438711326882435/photos/@31.2736511,34.7794871,3a,75y,261.88h,69.68t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN2jUtvYuYAAaRPu6PqUsOEfDQUcGbftX95R9u9!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN2jUtvYuYAAaRPu6PqUsOEfDQUcGbftX95R9u9%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e11">Беэр Шева</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/102402438711326882435/photos/@31.2736511,34.7794871,3a,75y,261.88h,69.68t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN2jUtvYuYAAaRPu6PqUsOEfDQUcGbftX95R9u9!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN2jUtvYuYAAaRPu6PqUsOEfDQUcGbftX95R9u9%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e11">Беэр Шева, сев. стадион</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@31.2377996,34.8275757,3a,75y,308.96h,65.55t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPFi1u9Yle7afesCIhVOOwzLPRVg4LN7-oFgEIq!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPFi1u9Yle7afesCIhVOOwzLPRVg4LN7-oFgEIq%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya20-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Беэр Шева, новый парк</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.244835,34.840858,3a,83.2y,339.88h,46.8t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP2T8wruiBtLU9HfgRcJ0YVm2QOSsziV7rC-0wj!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP2T8wruiBtLU9HfgRcJ0YVm2QOSsziV7rC-0wj%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya19.62349-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Беэр Шева</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.2782985,35.1266529,3a,83.3y,359.59h,55.11t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNbXrJqZQKh0Q12JytUJEmqYdIiMvGTeSdI0Ok6!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNbXrJqZQKh0Q12JytUJEmqYdIiMvGTeSdI0Ok6%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya304.42224-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Тель Арад</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/102037332720780236767/photos/@31.2994137,34.9367104,3a,63.6y,49.47h,72.66t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN6iMba4XVaM-mnbN8BPZFxolaumALQN3BAxB-2!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN6iMba4XVaM-mnbN8BPZFxolaumALQN3BAxB-2%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Хура</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@31.5387865,34.5931165,3a,51.1y,230.74h,72.82t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPpqQ60QXAbwDAe7OjIE4KvWUY2OhT_PtPOOQx8!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPpqQ60QXAbwDAe7OjIE4KvWUY2OhT_PtPOOQx8%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Сдерот, кл-ще</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.4911206,34.7347604,3a,75y,123.05h,68.97t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNj9pRDSZV3J11HO0y9Q75XDEwJ7L2whMycNVdb!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNj9pRDSZV3J11HO0y9Q75XDEwJ7L2whMycNVdb%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000">Рухама 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.4998562,34.7024741,3a,85.8y,189.89h,70.55t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOGh0yEKEc7So45Mb_7w52cwlYPoF9yS3OSnG7w!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOGh0yEKEc7So45Mb_7w52cwlYPoF9yS3OSnG7w%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya320-ro-0-fo100!7i7000!8i3500">Рухама 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/117232712007683268634/photos/@31.3951302,34.5906281,3a,75y,106.19h,63.65t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNjQ4KvjCjg0DdbqB4N1xJ_9i0GTUDiKpZvscq_!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNjQ4KvjCjg0DdbqB4N1xJ_9i0GTUDiKpZvscq_%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гиволим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111826480444680442782/photos/@31.4246883,34.6006966,3a,75y,237.5h,57.47t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNrJxXGvkDBWTkCyYCwZ8cmvDGstoAm7l6bibXD!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNrJxXGvkDBWTkCyYCwZ8cmvDGstoAm7l6bibXD%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нетивот</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@31.301251,34.6358114,3a,61.8y,74.81h,67.77t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOCLUPpaRlo05Hxf-j2LdLR5vdyOSlY3LV_fDeF!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOCLUPpaRlo05Hxf-j2LdLR5vdyOSlY3LV_fDeF%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Офаким</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/108337744420944732569/photos/@31.4612817,34.62368,3a,66.1y,191.13h,64.62t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMTCtkz2DylXVE6sf-5W0QHCr7HrNLOf_5-SZgQ!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMTCtkz2DylXVE6sf-5W0QHCr7HrNLOf_5-SZgQ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya303.5596-ro0-fo100!7i6928!8i3464!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Зруа</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.3535517,34.40242,3a,52.6y,300.43h,66.54t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM7MLftRyAf_obozLMQWJven314jkHbtQM0KQoM!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM7MLftRyAf_obozLMQWJven314jkHbtQM0KQoM%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya330.1671-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Эйн ха-Шлоша</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.3056908,34.4886818,3a,75y,330.7h,74.43t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMjCUn3vpbeQVD0HxJ1eC02vyDZABjk3RuQX_Xo!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMjCUn3vpbeQVD0HxJ1eC02vyDZABjk3RuQX_Xo%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya26.518213-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Эйн Бсор 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.3077812,34.4919128,3a,90y,272.25h,51.09t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPzNrqaSs1VCOqjG-d1tKzNskeM8w9JrmvdJUxR!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPzNrqaSs1VCOqjG-d1tKzNskeM8w9JrmvdJUxR%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya334.806-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Эйн Бсор 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110912730263111281031/photos/@31.2922063,34.4854563,3a,75y,107.67h,60.99t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM7jBBjBLw7iTLcIa9rX1CPiayLTTz_NKOi71Ga!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM7jBBjBLw7iTLcIa9rX1CPiayLTTz_NKOi71Ga%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-3.4709196-ya142.47655-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Нахаль Бсор</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.1374111,34.8060112,3a,80.2y,154.44h,62.69t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOWRR2Kvzd3u6_FMp2qAHOQy0OQnRTCnFUBMllJ!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOWRR2Kvzd3u6_FMp2qAHOQy0OQnRTCnFUBMllJ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya100-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">П.З. Рамат Ховав</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100372499750213429035/photos/@31.1737467,35.1251638,3a,84y,3.42h,60.82t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNR6ID31IP7RZ1Mnc-NixiZ_WUi3EV9y07lP4Ni!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNR6ID31IP7RZ1Mnc-NixiZ_WUi3EV9y07lP4Ni%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эл-Кашкар (бедуины)</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110279530996864486488/photos/@30.9721973,34.7242447,3a,53.5y,205.69h,79.11t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO1TJY0P6Hi96u-WZGkC5NiJBqES5CjlbkkbKi1!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO1TJY0P6Hi96u-WZGkC5NiJBqES5CjlbkkbKi1%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya300-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ашалим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107225449722960355029/photos/@30.8813967,34.6299417,3a,75y,6.7h,45.38t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM5R7C7TzSVcWGlRcOs631G2NXf000k5gtEQuNk!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM5R7C7TzSVcWGlRcOs631G2NXf000k5gtEQuNk%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya60-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Шивта</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.069419,35.033363,3a,84.5y,325.62h,52.78t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMp-6tt3ki0vTNF5d2oibGUx30Ll4mWuIwkUuXw!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMp-6tt3ki0vTNF5d2oibGUx30Ll4mWuIwkUuXw%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya341.38043-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048">Димона</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114385906091864715216/photos/@31.2640575,35.2082064,3a,50.4y,291.53h,69.13t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOn67l3lhY7pfLS25278P0QcI-lE3ts0pG8MEW6!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOn67l3lhY7pfLS25278P0QcI-lE3ts0pG8MEW6%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Арад с севера</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101676894179785835911/photos/@31.261198,35.2245865,3a,75y,49.76h,61.55t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipM5CIdvSGce6GScj4A0FZu0-AA1fpoOSS95cOyB!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM5CIdvSGce6GScj4A0FZu0-AA1fpoOSS95cOyB%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya60.000004-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Арад 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101676894179785835911/photos/@31.2608147,35.2268715,3a,75y,81.05h,39.23t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOIiEDLvk2sz4OBoxpoymKci1rzxPyBERSVNdHl!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOIiEDLvk2sz4OBoxpoymKci1rzxPyBERSVNdHl%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya352.00964-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Арад 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.2603226,35.2293816,3a,89.8y,141.97h,60.08t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNaLCtC5hcNsouunrj9ZatTdM-KmZvKYxUR_tYL!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNaLCtC5hcNsouunrj9ZatTdM-KmZvKYxUR_tYL%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya284.7736-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Арад, Мицпе Моав</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@30.9719015,34.7282375,3a,88.1y,14.03h,78.85t/data=!3m11!1e1!3m9!1sAF1QipMS_09EgBEqK4C0LcN9QS9RLqnmf1Nz6Q-AGIfo!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMS_09EgBEqK4C0LcN9QS9RLqnmf1Nz6Q-AGIfo%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-20-ya120-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!9m2!1b1!2i51">The solar</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105103204529537305059/photos/@30.9442984,35.0399528,3a,49.7y,285.74h,80.48t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNzUoqPdP9UxrlO3pedgBv1hI6Wcx-Mz8Vj7D8l!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNzUoqPdP9UxrlO3pedgBv1hI6Wcx-Mz8Vj7D8l%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya60.000004-ro-0-fo100!7i13947!8i6974!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мецад Йоркеам</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@30.9884684,34.896209,3a,24y,154.08h,83.44t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP5X3WaYcz-1PM8jHfwoxWBWSDGJFoUqZ6FgMe_!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP5X3WaYcz-1PM8jHfwoxWBWSDGJFoUqZ6FgMe_%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya137.49973-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Йерухам, парк</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/104117765849476235124/photos/@30.907095,35.131709,3a,90y,180.65h,61.43t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN48YKAq8T63VB_Dzm0QuP_TcbdNHxZdot3-C7c!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN48YKAq8T63VB_Dzm0QuP_TcbdNHxZdot3-C7c%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya254.74277-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Маале Акрабим</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@30.838783,35.056024,3a,75y,151.44h,66.09t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP-Obs6Vo6tY79orJ-bSd52Ogg1DVMWa-dZaEbg!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP-Obs6Vo6tY79orJ-bSd52Ogg1DVMWa-dZaEbg%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya209.8677-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Цин 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@30.831539,35.057606,3a,75y,209.63h,62.34t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPyyysGatBfmRgZ_M2PU6juf5_qLqBzxGl6yfbP!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPyyysGatBfmRgZ_M2PU6juf5_qLqBzxGl6yfbP%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya147.5241-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Цин 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100651636707582044226/photos/@30.8452587,34.7812347,3a,75y,80.33h,66.29t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO_uqjT8Z4b-TWswXN77FmHZ2IdWcwykdUQHN8m!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO_uqjT8Z4b-TWswXN77FmHZ2IdWcwykdUQHN8m%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мидрешет Бен Гурион</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100651636707582044226/photos/@30.7934074,34.7725372,3a,76.3y,9.17h,70.55t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMEsN-kKdsMxxy1zaRioBi_wbppibvsFfrQwAz4!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMEsN-kKdsMxxy1zaRioBi_wbppibvsFfrQwAz4%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Авдат</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@30.61055,34.807012,3a,75y,227.06h,58.17t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO4oDXWyhIXAVYCCO9pLzGX9mpg4pNTrZe6X7pp!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO4oDXWyhIXAVYCCO9pLzGX9mpg4pNTrZe6X7pp%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya120.6065-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мицпе Рамон 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@30.610705,34.80703,3a,90y,351.74h,62.94t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPGeu4fFU068km0Xj-aX41yyxQOoBMxTUIlo8z0!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPGeu4fFU068km0Xj-aX41yyxQOoBMxTUIlo8z0%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya74.03937-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Мицпе Рамон 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@30.610647,34.80581,3a,75y,290.4h,64.6t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sAF1QipODmQiyAyzyYvU3IfTWYGTrzJ5NVzmKF3lxB-oV!2e10!7i12000!8i6000">Мицпе Рамон 3</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116393811319667567244/photos/@30.6061707,34.8009109,3a,75y,308.8h,67.98t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNeP9l8NbJUMr3OswUyFd9I8RYHPftNjdcBODo5!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNeP9l8NbJUMr3OswUyFd9I8RYHPftNjdcBODo5%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Мицпе Рамон 4</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@30.6100883,34.8108917,3a,75y,139.43h,71.09t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN9iTf8WiLIXX27-70T3jYo0FjOWD5nC4YLO3u9!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN9iTf8WiLIXX27-70T3jYo0FjOWD5nC4YLO3u9%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya23.637945-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Махтеш Рамон 1</a>;
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/darom-102/krater-ramon-panorama27606">Махтеш Рамон 2</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7l6kq">Гора Ардон (Рас Ирдейха)</a><br />
<br />
<b>Арава и Эйлат</b><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@30.9830467,35.3007527,3a,58.8y,310.32h,71.56t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMaAauqbjJIuxbzCHyHAwWt90jccwMjQJgIwsEU!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMaAauqbjJIuxbzCHyHAwWt90jccwMjQJgIwsEU%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000">Пер. Арава</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@30.9668662,35.3059723,3a,54.8y,246.55h,78.9t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPvK5WHDJkb5gXswz1oojhn88KbLEHG7-ISMFuu!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPvK5WHDJkb5gXswz1oojhn88KbLEHG7-ISMFuu%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya120.00001-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Нахаль Цин, 90-е шоссе</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/photos/@30.8141551,35.2427755,3a,85.2y,160.19h,63.94t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOc8caJYFkWL7y1nRYaP94sZu1z4kBoZGmB4CGi!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOc8caJYFkWL7y1nRYaP94sZu1z4kBoZGmB4CGi%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya313.6811-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ферма Ир Овот</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@30.53065,35.185236,3a,65.6y,278.34h,73.59t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMC3S2-WCoH06pCXTLpEwGBBfh5WiDuJ1SRMT55!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMC3S2-WCoH06pCXTLpEwGBBfh5WiDuJ1SRMT55%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya60.000004-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Южнее Цофара, 90-е шоссе</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@30.4926234,35.1714941,3a,79.3y,123.34h,69.14t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN0BD3WwuS8VRURPV9_uOny4Wa9ozVI3umx4WCt!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN0BD3WwuS8VRURPV9_uOny4Wa9ozVI3umx4WCt%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-10-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535">Цуким</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@30.3626833,35.1545185,3a,49.8y,0.94h,71.64t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM7nC4Pe0rHvWC7UrxROmW1mKfMoIMW-IFqOjAx!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM7nC4Pe0rHvWC7UrxROmW1mKfMoIMW-IFqOjAx%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya259.5825-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Паран</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100372499750213429035/photos/@30.04838,35.0296935,3a,75y,1.8h,62.93t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPOGKIw63jFYrkR0v1peyriBw5x2l5CfiLdZx6O!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPOGKIw63jFYrkR0v1peyriBw5x2l5CfiLdZx6O%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya40-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Неот Смадар</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@29.9687626,35.0596083,3a,83y,23.19h,62.15t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPA-LqklTHZ-BPG8PIPWFv6bZEVOG2Gl01woygf!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPA-LqklTHZ-BPG8PIPWFv6bZEVOG2Gl01woygf%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya129.33102-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Ктура</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@29.7677117,35.0019333,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMxUiW0-_1Z46f9sKy6qB4N7XAiRlq84EVHpqjF!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMxUiW0-_1Z46f9sKy6qB4N7XAiRlq84EVHpqjF%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Хидден Лейк Тимна</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100372499750213429035/photos/@29.7333233,34.90838,3a,56.7y,344.06h,73.92t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOsPp4MSm5yPg-3NxUnxyO5iUSmicgRT_uVWRXL!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOsPp4MSm5yPg-3NxUnxyO5iUSmicgRT_uVWRXL%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya0-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Маале Маркус, южнее Тимны</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110275424142902405469/photos/@29.6803942,34.8823025,3a,75y,61.32h,61.21t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPXmxIOzfxWOpX65BPgCccMskMAJJaqxSKWWX6N!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPXmxIOzfxWOpX65BPgCccMskMAJJaqxSKWWX6N%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya79.9-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Красный каньон</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110275424142902405469/photos/@29.5821639,34.8880042,3a,75y,4.65h,58.09t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPL0OwTca_JH-k3ABBRZtxRvbP08xpbYvGdvRot!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPL0OwTca_JH-k3ABBRZtxRvbP08xpbYvGdvRot%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya279.9-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гора Иорам</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@29.5719517,34.9711183,3a,17.1y,227.75h,87.29t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMkoIJzskIC0L4cvLvSlotkakttx0D72O9OzhRj!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMkoIJzskIC0L4cvLvSlotkakttx0D72O9OzhRj%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya326.27988-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">КПП Арава</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/116703128105577323031/photos/@29.548872,34.952919,3a,75y,49.13h,56.56t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOe3G7KZwJC05V6oWtKUX6U4T435275UmewHrn5!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOe3G7KZwJC05V6oWtKUX6U4T435275UmewHrn5%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйлат 1</a>;
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/darom-102/ejlat-2620/panorama-building-panorama33807">Эйлат 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@29.55363,34.9608333,3a,75y,359.94h,68.39t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNt505A27OanZq3Gid3An8xpf7ek5ucNouDQQEz!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNt505A27OanZq3Gid3An8xpf7ek5ucNouDQQEz%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya273.99347-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Эйлат 3</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105382368989782684052/photos/@32.1778861,34.9231362,3a,75y,322.43h,68.67t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPT0kQrPMSwfonB4wBNuaz297baNS5HsAl9fO40!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPT0kQrPMSwfonB4wBNuaz297baNS5HsAl9fO40%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya197.58453-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйлат, отели</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100135404576574231483/place/ChIJhaP4OORxABUR4XKkY0wXyPM/@29.5219975,34.9335709,3a,42.4y,245.07h,84.85t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipND-NMRMhkEvDn6ft5gOIGMUVkp61G4ei_zYs2m!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipND-NMRMhkEvDn6ft5gOIGMUVkp61G4ei_zYs2m%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya59.13696-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s100135404576574231483!3m1!1e1">Порт Эйлат</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@29.550873,34.974607,3a,51.3y,121.35h,80.73t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOALToxhMBzKqhYO1OYBJ66GgVglgksFgtAiwgD!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOALToxhMBzKqhYO1OYBJ66GgVglgksFgtAiwgD%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya190.9162-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Эйлат - Акаба</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7lygD">Гора Цфахот</a><br /><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7l0rB">El-Gouna, Red Sea</a><br />
<a href="https://www.airpano.ru/360photo/shoubak-castle-jordan/">Замок Шобак (Иордания)</a><br /><a href="https://kuula.co/post/7lPK6">Вади Рум (Иордания)</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/79pPC/collection/7fWCv">Париж, Сите</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7l0rB">Сен-Мало</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7lMcT/collection/7fWCv">Tharros, Италия</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7Kxbz">Bodiam Castle, Kent, UK</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7nDzy/collection/7fWCv">Fort Hommet, Vazon, Guernsey</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7Y1PP">Тегеран</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7k7HS">Минск</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@50.491462,30.259525,3a,90y,189.65h,62.14t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMOLvRygO0cFdud2WiVsP3nvPPOUlvvp9CTTQlV!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMOLvRygO0cFdud2WiVsP3nvPPOUlvvp9CTTQlV%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya190.66711-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Ирпень</a><br /><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@50.496975,30.8023857,3a,79y,155.84h,72.67t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOPDykttQBu8iZsR--yAM4hZAFoH3jm0hUfCcLG!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOPDykttQBu8iZsR--yAM4hZAFoH3jm0hUfCcLG%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-10-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i9000!8i4500">Бровары</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113219553086344384426/photos/@42.3098252,69.6047019,3a,75y,184.38h,74.77t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMr0jlg-w6_jRuiDVgeJ7ZwrBnqUUMXeiUHJwSQ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMr0jlg-w6_jRuiDVgeJ7ZwrBnqUUMXeiUHJwSQ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Шымкент 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113219553086344384426/photos/@42.3174461,69.6048712,3a,73y,210.11h,81.23t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNKBUxyq289vDBbvlC8jZ9t2YyGE9GM3xyoZ2Pr!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNKBUxyq289vDBbvlC8jZ9t2YyGE9GM3xyoZ2Pr%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya80-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Шымкент 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113219553086344384426/photos/@43.3004401,68.2279837,3a,75y,26.85h,75.93t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPk4I2b75_eymmgOnfoVEeVnG8B2pTNwMYZjOBg!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPk4I2b75_eymmgOnfoVEeVnG8B2pTNwMYZjOBg%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Туркестан, мавзолей Яссави</a><br /><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD/@43.5172217,67.7699,3a,86.1y,41.07h,64.09t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNNjnmXQdWFPpb-wpo2-h3x_cNqq18CbeTB768x!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNNjnmXQdWFPpb-wpo2-h3x_cNqq18CbeTB768x%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya140-ro0-fo100!7i5656!8i2828!4m7!3m6!1s0x420105a4abaccc73:0x7d84a0906d6fce8a!8m2!3d43.5149494!4d67.7679796!14m1!1BCgIgARICCAI?hl=ru">Сауран 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD/@43.5149494,67.7679796,3a,69.7y,293.22h,81.04t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN1dE0tNYTV_LKwUHYvhg_0sjAJlh7R_aRPgKhP!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN1dE0tNYTV_LKwUHYvhg_0sjAJlh7R_aRPgKhP%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya352.90997-ro0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000!4m7!3m6!1s0x420105a4abaccc73:0x7d84a0906d6fce8a!8m2!3d43.5149494!4d67.7679796!14m1!1BCgIgARICCAI?hl=ru">Сауран 2</a><br /><br />
<b>Алматы</b><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7lt7x/collection/7fWCv">Центр общая</a><br />
<a href="https://yandex.ru/maps/162/almaty/?l=stv%2Csta&ll=76.979820%2C43.242304&panorama%5Bair%5D=true&panorama%5Bdirection%5D=20.728179%2C-23.997638&panorama%5Bfull%5D=true&panorama%5Bid%5D=1532796004_788691994_23_1594805708&panorama%5Bpoint%5D=76.954954%2C43.240863&panorama%5Bspan%5D=98.367030%2C56.581242&z=13.03">Гост-ца Казахстан 1</a>; <a href="https://yandex.ru/maps/162/almaty/?l=stv%2Csta&ll=76.979820%2C43.242304&panorama%5Bair%5D=true&panorama%5Bdirection%5D=15.848166%2C-15.540068&panorama%5Bfull%5D=true&panorama%5Bid%5D=1532807236_788672506_23_1594805176&panorama%5Bpoint%5D=76.956837%2C43.243251&panorama%5Bspan%5D=63.755061%2C32.248905&z=13.03">Гост-ца 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.2448789,76.9578666,3a,83.1y,32.53h,61.09t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPNdF8FPwdoMDiLjnZuF3yg5dP0OhnKlSSYNuEr!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPNdF8FPwdoMDiLjnZuF3yg5dP0OhnKlSSYNuEr%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya160-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Гост-ца 3</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@43.2449317,76.9576612,3a,76.4y,1.15h,67.09t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN2V838B5JqnRCCpEB0LhTH7zTFI6NPOWPZLOsW!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN2V838B5JqnRCCpEB0LhTH7zTFI6NPOWPZLOsW%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya118.79758-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Гост-ца 4</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.239978,76.9740796,3a,58y,140.91h,64.38t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPYeR-e3v-j5gXz1aPxrGTmXkLzl8h7iDeqWfRA!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPYeR-e3v-j5gXz1aPxrGTmXkLzl8h7iDeqWfRA%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Коктюбе 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.24838,76.9703667,3a,50y,2.15h,75.6t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOmwrP-SHvF45NWEvOJn3Zyuj3fkdzctwN3S2lb!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOmwrP-SHvF45NWEvOJn3Zyuj3fkdzctwN3S2lb%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya300-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Коктюбе 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115157157716776352604/place/ChIJi_V-A1hugzgR2K_V1jIgh2s/@43.2438698,76.9685135,3a,57y,306.9h,80.29t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOrvXtpef1Vang21kFvMaemIC2XQzu6D0qoNt48!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOrvXtpef1Vang21kFvMaemIC2XQzu6D0qoNt48%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s115157157716776352604!3m1!1e1">Коктюбе 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@43.2597831,76.9565564,3a,48.3y,48.48h,69.06t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNi7MndDI53BVTlDaMJvGbdNebUkCN_oBFe0qrD!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNi7MndDI53BVTlDaMJvGbdNebUkCN_oBFe0qrD%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya252.14458-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Парк Панфиловцев, КазПИ</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105291355278366832741/photos/@43.2587967,76.9532166,3a,53.1y,124.68h,50.59t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMmwKg9LxbET1WmHhhOlbvX32T1ftUjKoR-vn9c!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMmwKg9LxbET1WmHhhOlbvX32T1ftUjKoR-vn9c%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya160-ro-0-fo100!7i10000!8i5000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Парк 2</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/114935684189361545180/photos/@43.2624102,76.9693075,3a,23.5y,108.08h,64.01t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipONFlQovfF6FlUp2qKOM632lnlHeCK12xzYA-bZ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipONFlQovfF6FlUp2qKOM632lnlHeCK12xzYA-bZ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Парк 3</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@43.252813,76.9496222,3a,27.7y,212.03h,67.62t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM--n7Qk2hGvIJ0wYXzPJcXqwUXUGT5OC_rv7Ys!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM--n7Qk2hGvIJ0wYXzPJcXqwUXUGT5OC_rv7Ys%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya169.98392-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Сквер Кунаева, КазПИ</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.2538218,76.943316,3a,66.9y,180.53h,26.5t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMBn7gPU54aTCzKY_VVZYT4Aa_GenxeALtL-VtO!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMBn7gPU54aTCzKY_VVZYT4Aa_GenxeALtL-VtO%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya320-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пл. Астаны, старый Дом пр-ва</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.2538186,76.9433113,3a,54.6y,216.08h,47.41t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP6nlOQRU9ZXPHh3bzeIca3YZWypnpsRtIuIlB7!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP6nlOQRU9ZXPHh3bzeIca3YZWypnpsRtIuIlB7%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пл. Астаны 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.2385519,76.9453595,3a,56.5y,357.21h,65.71t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPhcm_J0McZGpiG8eyimFe22FvLkfUYz15b-oVY!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPhcm_J0McZGpiG8eyimFe22FvLkfUYz15b-oVY%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya0-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пл. Республики, новый Дом пр-ва</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107290045599281854811/photos/@43.2382736,76.9454727,3a,75y,359.67h,69.7t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP5kfiFdyhTsQPArJf0LhC4YGvZDaOm5HuzxzDt!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP5kfiFdyhTsQPArJf0LhC4YGvZDaOm5HuzxzDt%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Пл. Республики 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107290045599281854811/photos/@43.2382736,76.9454727,3a,75y,359.67h,69.7t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP5kfiFdyhTsQPArJf0LhC4YGvZDaOm5HuzxzDt!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP5kfiFdyhTsQPArJf0LhC4YGvZDaOm5HuzxzDt%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Центр-й Музей</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.2384989,76.9241519,3a,61.4y,294.54h,45.38t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOZsPZGMGgyaQ9VeHvGlCbBRusejaE4zGXWJxkd!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOZsPZGMGgyaQ9VeHvGlCbBRusejaE4zGXWJxkd%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya300-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Стадион, Драмтеатр, Цирк</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@43.2264988,76.9253971,3a,55.6y,25.23h,55.59t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMfR1qeQFvQYT7jL3Z0waaw0-1FwnObeEnSHT6a!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMfR1qeQFvQYT7jL3Z0waaw0-1FwnObeEnSHT6a%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya283.1339-ro-0-fo100!7i10000!8i5000">Тимирязева ул., КазГУ</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105294157198752403376/place/ChIJ2_0BxtlogzgRys9nFqI7QRA/@43.2249971,76.9055813,3a,57.8y,359.44h,65.23t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMaaHq-b-6-6nHPHRg-LlmY9Yf1G1i9NZBkPJoM!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMaaHq-b-6-6nHPHRg-LlmY9Yf1G1i9NZBkPJoM%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s105294157198752403376!3m1!1e1">Тимирязева ул., Атакент</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/105294157198752403376/photos/@43.2249971,76.9055813,3a,90y,77.48h,79.09t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMaaHq-b-6-6nHPHRg-LlmY9Yf1G1i9NZBkPJoM!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMaaHq-b-6-6nHPHRg-LlmY9Yf1G1i9NZBkPJoM%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ботанич. сад</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.2274589,76.891656,3a,55.1y,186.67h,62.16t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOrfOnNqNI_YQ8KgHpaKI8BIh5vhOuEw5CEj6xn!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOrfOnNqNI_YQ8KgHpaKI8BIh5vhOuEw5CEj6xn%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Baiken Mosque</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115157157716776352604/place/ChIJ0fAk5utogzgR3k5PnIqJlsg/@43.2116013,76.8886108,3a,86.5y,218.15h,68.36t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPfQXc6QOkNhysFR9B62m4x62Au0upnpkrHaBVJ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPfQXc6QOkNhysFR9B62m4x62Au0upnpkrHaBVJ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s115157157716776352604!3m1!1e1">Каблукова ул.</a><br />
<a href="https://kuula.co/post/7k21l/collection/7fWCv">Al-Farabi-Rozybakiev, 250m</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.1952681,76.8948475,3a,65.7y,284.26h,60.81t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOB1j6muPA5lO7rf0GMQPlSWherijWfeXY29b11!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOB1j6muPA5lO7rf0GMQPlSWherijWfeXY29b11%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya160-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Al-Farabi-Rozybakiev</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.1946646,76.887988,3a,75y,91.96h,59.18t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMisj1qmFvfDrJSmEffo0amZAhVvvZDRxMLik33!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMisj1qmFvfDrJSmEffo0amZAhVvvZDRxMLik33%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya20-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Парк Президента 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.1946028,76.8819192,3a,53.6y,319.7h,66.57t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPnKa1mvQ71X-Vhf_etohuAX-UTdG1pFqmSQzrB!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPnKa1mvQ71X-Vhf_etohuAX-UTdG1pFqmSQzrB%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya180-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Парк Президента 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.1575491,77.0588303,3a,57.8y,333.39h,71.98t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOatsdQxM90d3V-Dw5QnRBikf63D0xKwQU03-G-!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOatsdQxM90d3V-Dw5QnRBikf63D0xKwQU03-G-%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya280-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Медеу 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.1574515,77.0590409,3a,90y,94.67h,60.56t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPMar6W4jPpoFGdKqifgNmvXHfNCeu28eqeBPi5!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPMar6W4jPpoFGdKqifgNmvXHfNCeu28eqeBPi5%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya100-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Медеу 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110134424252516318503/photos/@43.0803392,76.9892082,3a,53.1y,239.65h,84.12t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOyx89EolMNRkYmVRA6mqKmbMuKQVUHj_fKsHyM!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOyx89EolMNRkYmVRA6mqKmbMuKQVUHj_fKsHyM%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya80-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">БАОзеро 1</a>; <a href="https://kuula.co/post/7kjTP">БАОзеро 2</a>; <a href="https://kuula.co/post/7kjTf">БАОзеро 3</a><br />
<br />
<b>СПб</b><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/nad-dvorcovym-mostom-na-rassvete-panorama20552">Нева, Зимний 1</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/konyushennoe-vedomstvo-2018-h450m-panorama20232">Конюшенная</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/naberezhnaya-fontanki-panorama11252">Екатерининский сад</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/nad-fontankoj-anichkov-most-250-m-panorama20416">Аничков мост</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/aleksandrovskij-park-na-zakate-panorama19432">Кронверкский пр.</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/yusupovskij-sad-2020-panorama31385">Юсуповский сад</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/marsovo-pole-i-letnij-sad-h450m-panorama20228">Марсово поле</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/kanal-griboedova-u-lvinogo-mosta-panorama19974">Канал Грибоедова</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/2018-sennaya-ploshhad-ot-kanala-griboedova-panorama40638">Сенная пл.</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/strelka-vasilevskogo-ostrova-panorama27009">Васильевский о. стрелка</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/bolshroj-prospekt-vo-i-16-17-linii-h250m-panorama21450">Васильевский о. Большой пр.</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/ugol-18-linii-i-malogo-prospekta-h475m-panorama16035">Васильевский о. центр</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/peresechenie-1-linii-i-malogo-prospekta-vo-panorama19992">Васильевский о. север 1</a>;
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/ul-kaxovskogo-u-zhk-samocvety-panorama31178">Васильевский о. север 2</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/nad-smolenkoj-h550m-panorama15903">Васильевский о. запад</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/novaya-gollandiya-panorama15405">Новая Голландия</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/spaso-preobrazhenskij-sobor-300m-panorama20274">Литейный пр. 1</a>; <a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/ugol-mayakovskoj-ul-i-nevskogo-pr-panorama16225">Литейный пр. 2</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/krestovskij-ostrov-utrom-u-stadiona-h500m-panorama21901">Крестовский о.</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/obvodnyj-kanal-i-moskovskij-prospekt-panorama16438">Московский пр. Обводный кан.</a><br />
<a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/sankt-petersburg-650m">Московский пр. Электросила</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/sovremennik-2-panorama38289">Ленинский пр.</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/prosveshheniya-dom-53-panorama26279">Просвещения пр.</a><br />
<a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/saint-petersburg-bird-view-of-moskovsky-destrict-aerial-3d-pano">Космонавтов пр.</a><br />
<a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/st-peterburg-two-kilometers-altitude-3d-view">Рыбацкое и юг СПб</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/laxta-panorama26368">Лахта 1</a>; <a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sankt-peterburg-27/laxta-centr-panorama23652">Лахта 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/kudrovo-the-european-avenue-and-the-mega-park">Кудрово</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113765782453471179840/photos/@59.9475383,30.3715267,3a,45.6y,6.65h,54.31t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOCJN-YPL8sQzVC0wdc54DiloqjVSjpiOqIpEj0!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOCJN-YPL8sQzVC0wdc54DiloqjVSjpiOqIpEj0%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya220-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Таврический парк</a><br /><br />
<b>Окрестности СПб</b><br />
<a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/petergof-russia-2021">Петергоф</a><br /><a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/fort-reef-kronstadt-1">Кронштадт, запад</a><br /><a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/kirovsk-361/memorial-nevskij-pyatachok-2500-metrov-panorama1943">Невский пятачок</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/sankt-peterburg-18/sestroreck-732/ozero-razliv-h500m-panorama16601">Тарховка</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@60.0598297,29.9819756,3a,90y,1.61h,56.26t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNNF-eFL9ZKofp3-pZiya25UZgr2htoigm9aYxt!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNNF-eFL9ZKofp3-pZiya25UZgr2htoigm9aYxt%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya259.37982-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Разлив</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113765782453471179840/place/ChIJbQFTtndMlkYRp6IfG31kgpU/@60.0935608,30.0455324,3a,27.5y,157.17h,75.64t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP_f7y0MZoN-OmPgHQPnAT58uJM7YNm4DRaVn5X!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP_f7y0MZoN-OmPgHQPnAT58uJM7YNm4DRaVn5X%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya287.17255-ro-0-fo100!7i4096!8i2048!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s113765782453471179840!3m1!1e1">Разлив, Чёрная р.</a><br />
<a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.717331,30.393885,78.9h,-26.48p,1z">Пушкин, парк 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.360cities.net/image/pushkin-russia-1">Пушкин, парк 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113765782453471179840/photos/@60.0552202,31.0784415,3a,51.4y,357.52h,70.12t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPDQcrePiqyRyggEYnWdR57Aag3URAatacBpp-z!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPDQcrePiqyRyggEYnWdR57Aag3URAatacBpp-z%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ладожское оз. 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113765782453471179840/photos/@60.1257922,31.0718958,3a,73y,26.49h,63.16t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMk_auOmxIczk-noc9ot1w2TVEy6QJTshxC5jnm!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMk_auOmxIczk-noc9ot1w2TVEy6QJTshxC5jnm%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya240-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ладожское оз. 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.90878,30.986795,3a,55.5y,101.79h,73.95t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNJ1iK5-izZTRBXgZRzxYTOJ_GTsmukYzpMTFXa!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNJ1iK5-izZTRBXgZRzxYTOJ_GTsmukYzpMTFXa%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya230.90999-ro-0-fo100!7i14056!8i7028">Ладожский мост</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/leningradskaya-oblast-95/staraya-ladoga-1623/staroladozhskaya-krepost-panorama15572">Ст. Ладога 1</a>;
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101346692100276367863/photos/@59.9976783,32.2998017,3a,75y,6.9h,62.81t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOX__0HS55peJX8lrHVr2bbzVo7CJInc2XAewaK!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOX__0HS55peJX8lrHVr2bbzVo7CJInc2XAewaK%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya80-ro0-fo100!7i14086!8i7044!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ст. Ладога 2</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101346692100276367863/photos/@60.0087033,32.3001067,3a,57.6y,288.3h,63.87t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOQQdbltD6rR-s3xHbSjPx1QObiU23dTQ4fTbMc!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOQQdbltD6rR-s3xHbSjPx1QObiU23dTQ4fTbMc%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya256.20578-ro0-fo100!7i14082!8i7042!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Ладога, мог. Олега</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@60.621805,30.499645,3a,51.5y,5.8h,68.98t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNtu9jy8hfzWD4SrOG4JwnLWJPcfRqKnJyRStCM!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNtu9jy8hfzWD4SrOG4JwnLWJPcfRqKnJyRStCM%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya293.4485-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Р. Бурная, Соловьёво</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@60.6614805,30.2580195,3a,75y,265.46h,62.96t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOSs13SSYxqUQIodmO1TWooM3g2_BxBM_lgEdBD!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOSs13SSYxqUQIodmO1TWooM3g2_BxBM_lgEdBD%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya92.65914-ro-0-fo100!7i10000!8i5000">Суходольское оз. Сосны</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@60.1443092,29.9291329,3a,75y,216.36h,56.37t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP8zK1u7e_ic6jEW4pSvMx8WPcqLoAenT2LOkAa!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP8zK1u7e_ic6jEW4pSvMx8WPcqLoAenT2LOkAa%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya64.083786-ro-0-fo100!7i10000!8i5000">Финский з-в, пляж Солнечное</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113765782453471179840/photos/@60.0323133,30.63501,3a,58.3y,114.51h,59.22t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP2UcukGh6Hjd2yC9eYdtYz-PRoIRtGQE0IOfwG!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP2UcukGh6Hjd2yC9eYdtYz-PRoIRtGQE0IOfwG%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Всеволожск</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/100582393075516169405/photos/@59.8565102,38.3694784,3a,50.8y,42.13h,65.33t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPTceODVc8MNQkFR4L3xAmnPEIDrHZbzykFCTEi!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPTceODVc8MNQkFR4L3xAmnPEIDrHZbzykFCTEi%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya12.379421-ro0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Белозёрск</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101346692100276367863/photos/@59.9536383,31.0381475,3a,90y,261.15h,47.63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMlsXdXfimCW2NoXppGXfnV0ZvUAQgLbMTGgKsP!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMlsXdXfimCW2NoXppGXfnV0ZvUAQgLbMTGgKsP%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i14104!8i7052!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Орешек</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101346692100276367863/photos/@59.9536383,31.0381475,3a,90y,261.15h,47.63t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMlsXdXfimCW2NoXppGXfnV0ZvUAQgLbMTGgKsP!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMlsXdXfimCW2NoXppGXfnV0ZvUAQgLbMTGgKsP%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya160-ro0-fo100!7i14104!8i7052!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Копорье</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101346692100276367863/photos/@58.5220333,31.27614,3a,75y,135.62h,51.74t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipMyhQfmZqAVTPY-9-gJEFUH2RYjhvGd-OA0lNJz!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMyhQfmZqAVTPY-9-gJEFUH2RYjhvGd-OA0lNJz%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya126.0614-ro-0-fo100!7i14000!8i7000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Новгород, Кремль</a><br /><br />
<b>Гатчина и окрестности</b><br />
<a href="https://yandex.ru/maps/10867/gatchina/?l=stv%2Csta&ll=30.135250%2C59.555243&panorama%5Bair%5D=true&panorama%5Bdirection%5D=326.780888%2C-12.349353&panorama%5Bfull%5D=true&panorama%5Bid%5D=1253431451_630854581_23_1316123733&panorama%5Bpoint%5D=30.122821%2C59.556994&panorama%5Bspan%5D=63.402101%2C31.559970&z=15.28">Парк центр; </a><a href="https://yandex.ru/maps/10867/gatchina/?l=stv%2Csta&ll=30.135250%2C59.555243&panorama%5Bdirection%5D=331.835645%2C-21.984425&panorama%5Bfull%5D=true&panorama%5Bpoint%5D=30.129037%2C59.554093&panorama%5Bspan%5D=77.983545%2C40.649262&z=15.28">Парк сев.</a><br />
<a href="https://yandex.ru/maps/10867/gatchina/?l=stv%2Csta&ll=30.131957%2C59.560761&panorama%5Bair%5D=true&panorama%5Bdirection%5D=9.612926%2C-16.757883&panorama%5Bfull%5D=true&panorama%5Bid%5D=1253369114_630844435_23_1316123716&panorama%5Bpoint%5D=30.112371%2C59.557857&panorama%5Bspan%5D=64.699021%2C32.323031&z=15.28">Коннетабль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5282516,30.0766296,3a,75y,15.69h,61.31t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPUwhrIfTuPPU0legUbmn6kHH-fS60p7ERFytbw!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPUwhrIfTuPPU0legUbmn6kHH-fS60p7ERFytbw%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya277.60135-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Б Колпаны</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.528252,30.07663,18.2h,-18.35p,0.56z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcFBVd2hySWZUdVBQVTBsZWdVYm1uNmtISC1mUzYwcDdFUkZ5dGJ3">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5238533,30.0709934,3a,90y,125.85h,52.39t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNdWCD789Y6pZxPXuCzR_6i412kIino-ILbspDA!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNdWCD789Y6pZxPXuCzR_6i412kIino-ILbspDA%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya288.9461-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Б Колпаны</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.523853,30.070993,98.77h,-47.72p,1z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5kV0NENzg5WTZwWnhQWHVDelJfNmk0MTJrSWluby1JTGJzcERB">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5403786,30.08041,3a,15y,46.99h,58.5t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMufnFsPfw1AlGIh9OjW1Vz3PajIzHsCWLvRicX!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMufnFsPfw1AlGIh9OjW1Vz3PajIzHsCWLvRicX%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya310.08267-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">М Колпаны, мой дом</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.540379,30.08041,46.16h,-31p,2.77z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE11Zm5Gc1BmdzFBbEdJaDlPalcxVnozUGFqSXpIc0NXTHZSaWNY">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5408478,30.0673084,3a,15y,180.7h,65.76t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPV42DBi0xD-iEX1cS4neXPsc3-IQyXNBLK5kjj!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPV42DBi0xD-iEX1cS4neXPsc3-IQyXNBLK5kjj%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya311.63474-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">М Колпаны, мой дом</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.540848,30.067308,181.46h,-23.9p,2.77z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcFBWNDJEQmkweEQtaUVYMWNTNG5lWFBzYzMtSVF5WE5CTEs1a2pq">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5430183,30.0703716,3a,15.1y,331.76h,58.01t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM42P_E1CzQpj-XKTrW2irRf_v6fL9GbgJd-wG4!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM42P_E1CzQpj-XKTrW2irRf_v6fL9GbgJd-wG4%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya228.32608-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">М Колпаны, мой дом</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.543018,30.070372,333.6h,-30.91p,2.77z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE00MlBfRTFDelFwai1YS1RyVzJpclJmX3Y2Zkw5R2JnSmQtd0c0">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5412941,30.0831261,3a,75y,191.02h,73.69t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM_FouRWMh91b7QFdfCfyJuxsiuzlt4uX6W6Y16!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM_FouRWMh91b7QFdfCfyJuxsiuzlt4uX6W6Y16%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya9.827339-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">М Колпаны, Авангард</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.541294,30.083126,184.63h,-20.27p,0.71z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1fRm91UldNaDkxYjdRRmRmQ2Z5SnV4c2l1emx0NHVYNlc2WTE2">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5398331,30.0663662,3a,75y,13.9h,67.91t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOl_1ViOaLBQFc3XIwykGuSM3o-mTOk1k-z8l0B!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOl_1ViOaLBQFc3XIwykGuSM3o-mTOk1k-z8l0B%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya258.75873-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">М Колпаны, Комбикорм</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.539833,30.066366,12.21h,-13.21p,0.13z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE9sXzFWaU9hTEJRRmMzWEl3eWtHdVNNM28tbVRPazFrLXo4bDBC">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5438919,30.0862789,3a,75y,8.38h,78.92t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNfsDPZEPfX2sUdvop_Vbq6INO2cM1vCorTOcmG!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNfsDPZEPfX2sUdvop_Vbq6INO2cM1vCorTOcmG%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya329.69815-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">М Колпаны, кирха</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.543892,30.086279,0.74h,-14.42p,0.13z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5mc0RQWkVQZlgyc1Vkdm9wX1ZicTZJTk8yY00xdkNvclRPY21HC">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5323677,30.0933113,3a,53.3y,292.79h,80.59t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNbVQOuMweHX-8AluJNkCVbjFrwkZJf3w51eLsv!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNbVQOuMweHX-8AluJNkCVbjFrwkZJf3w51eLsv%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya2.822949-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Колпанское оз.</a><br />
<a href="hhttps://www.google.com/maps/@59.547184,30.0916805,3a,75y,207.88h,53.5t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMUKqrOaTrfiURR89B-Wa7QTXNU_8VxqO1doQm5!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMUKqrOaTrfiURR89B-Wa7QTXNU_8VxqO1doQm5%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya328.65018-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Старая дорога</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.547184,30.091681,224.14h,-42.12p,0z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1VS3FyT2FUcmZpVVJSODlCLVdhN1FUWE5VXzhWeHFPMWRvUW01">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5501823,30.0865326,3a,53.8y,91.73h,68.75t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOayALcxzgS4nxRwmEDKFoztG4hEU7UKlKnzggb!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOayALcxzgS4nxRwmEDKFoztG4hEU7UKlKnzggb%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya334.1438-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">М-н Речной</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.550182,30.086533,88.95h,-19p,1z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE9heUFMY3h6Z1M0bnhSd21FREtGb3p0RzRoRVU3VUtsS256Z2di">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5518875,30.0951595,3a,16y,354.45h,71.31t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMqGnfDfD2t7bdRvCIMAewYVQzxaezrXih-uVzr!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMqGnfDfD2t7bdRvCIMAewYVQzxaezrXih-uVzr%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya8.238461-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">ГСК "Взлёт"</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.551888,30.09516,355.76h,-17.36p,2.43z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1xR25mRGZEMnQ3YmRSdkNJTUFld1lWUXp4YWV6clhpaC11Vnpy">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5529709,30.0958614,3a,15y,35.66h,58.96t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipONU0MjqehwJ7KXEzxst7ifkLEEUa1Euv8E0DD4!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipONU0MjqehwJ7KXEzxst7ifkLEEUa1Euv8E0DD4%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya52.59976-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">ГСК "Взлёт"</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.552971,30.095861,37.48h,-28.31p,1.36z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE9OVTBNanFlaHdKN0tYRXp4c3Q3aWZrTEVFVWExRXV2OEUwREQ0">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5622864,30.0859013,3a,75y,200.86h,61.93t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMO4jHAlkidubFb1hiXk00feN4KxNlhslDy7Fuu!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMO4jHAlkidubFb1hiXk00feN4KxNlhslDy7Fuu%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya313.61853-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Ул. Новосёлов</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.562286,30.085901,189.28h,-20.69p,0.13z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1PNGpIQWxraWR1YkZiMWhpWGswMGZlTjRLeE5saHNsRHk3RnV1">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5612602,30.0914726,3a,75y,244.12h,71.06t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOvhIVAeuuWQlD8RM_BQQoQyO8eVOIAN5ZIegOk!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOvhIVAeuuWQlD8RM_BQQoQyO8eVOIAN5ZIegOk%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya325.57855-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Школа № 5</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.56126,30.091473,277.22h,-34.3p,0.13z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE92aElWQWV1dVdRbEQ4Uk1fQlFRb1F5TzhlVk9JQU41WkllZ09r">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5612946,30.0950489,3a,43y,236.99h,50.34t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMWPalDA3VCyl9FLm43FkM2BpxKAPDUoyoi2Ed8!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMWPalDA3VCyl9FLm43FkM2BpxKAPDUoyoi2Ed8%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya266.15936-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Рынок</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.561295,30.095049,233.96h,-34.17p,0.37z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1XUGFsREEzVkN5bDlGTG00M0ZrTTJCcHhLQVBEVW95b2kyRWQ4">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5637016,30.09132,3a,90y,304.34h,63.43t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNHiUmT5NNC4_u4gSNRQ5lsue8hC6qfHJUtvUIc!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNHiUmT5NNC4_u4gSNRQ5lsue8hC6qfHJUtvUIc%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya198.77205-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">"Пилот"</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.563702,30.09132,302.92h,-25.21p,0.02z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5IaVVtVDVOTkM0X3U0Z1NOUlE1bHN1ZThoQzZxZkhKVXR2VUlj">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5658264,30.0904579,3a,37.6y,114.4h,67.59t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM1HLuYK7zxAfxoVtmpBByy4Vt4XP8he5i2AugB!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM1HLuYK7zxAfxoVtmpBByy4Vt4XP8he5i2AugB%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya336.96286-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">ГСК "Чайка"</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.565826,30.090458,116.76h,-16.7p,1z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE0xSEx1WUs3enhBZnhvVnRtcEJCeXk0VnQ0WFA4aGU1aTJBdWdC">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5643616,30.0856571,3a,75y,310.9h,62.52t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMFT0UA3kfbiY9fzODFurF_cHfF5vlv7Evw2p0Y!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMFT0UA3kfbiY9fzODFurF_cHfF5vlv7Evw2p0Y%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya266.55518-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">ГСК "Чайка"</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.564362,30.085657,319.21h,-30.13p,0.13z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1GVDBVQTNrZmJpWTlmek9ERnVyRl9jSGZGNXZsdjdFdncycDBZ">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.549633,30.0729198,3a,15y,351.96h,69.42t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMQF546WxY3PXcGQJsFDwgTFK3dM8Wv06SrDr5N!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMQF546WxY3PXcGQJsFDwgTFK3dM8Wv06SrDr5N%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya356.28156-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Шашлык</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.549633,30.07292,351.5h,-21.52p,1.76z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1RRjU0Nld4WTNQWGNHUUpzRkR3Z1RGSzNkTThXdjA2U3JEcjVO">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://yandex.ru/maps/?l=sat%2Cskl%2Cstv%2Csta&ll=30.108841%2C59.615740&panorama%5Bair%5D=true&panorama%5Bdirection%5D=9.576581%2C-10.406471&panorama%5Bfull%5D=true&panorama%5Bid%5D=1253203270_630240212_23_1631794404&panorama%5Bpoint%5D=30.084569%2C59.609228&panorama%5Bspan%5D=46.326802%2C22.151880&z=146">Пудость – Тайцы</a><br /><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5447464,30.0784874,3a,75y,186.84h,55.85t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNfr1X2pdRZyouUl0iWjxvikguQMbCkHFkHWWLv!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNfr1X2pdRZyouUl0iWjxvikguQMbCkHFkHWWLv%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya43.18427-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Ж/д станция</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.544746,30.078487,200.16h,-18.57p,0.58z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5mcjFYMnBkUlp5b3VVbDBpV2p4dmlrZ3VRTWJDa0hGa0hXV0x2">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5465126,30.0561409,3a,75y,47.34h,64.36t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM-i3GS4NA48I3j_ZyULluvFkOtJp9s8LHiAQOt!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM-i3GS4NA48I3j_ZyULluvFkOtJp9s8LHiAQOt%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya286.16327-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Гаражи и лес</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.546513,30.056141,40.52h,-25.96p,0.26z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE0taTNHUzROQTQ4STNqX1p5VUxsdXZGa090SnA5czhMSGlBUU90">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5410461,30.0603638,3a,64.7y,292.84h,66.33t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOSwEjIuN9PPA5_T9EnA_HK939lXf6RxAwCMTAP!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOSwEjIuN9PPA5_T9EnA_HK939lXf6RxAwCMTAP%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya252.68033-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Парицы</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.541046,30.060364,295.07h,-7.82p,0.35z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE9Td0VqSXVOOVBQQTVfVDlFbkFfSEs5MzlsWGY2UnhBd0NNVEFQ">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5432396,30.0338306,3a,34.7y,148.34h,73.07t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMfAtxosZCI31Mf8thEpYsgUfX9HNGdj79hfRZq!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMfAtxosZCI31Mf8thEpYsgUfX9HNGdj79hfRZq%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya23.972567-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Парицкое озеро</a>; <a href="https://www.instantstreetview.com/@59.54324,30.033831,144.67h,-20.07p,0.4z,CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1mQXR4b3NaQ0kzMU1mOHRoRXBZc2dVZlg5SE5HZGo3OWhmUlpx">дубль</a><br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5303841,30.0571175,3a,16.2y,191.84h,68.56t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPHhNMs8JoKXcKlf75aZsGVEo2qlyqYA03SgvtV!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPHhNMs8JoKXcKlf75aZsGVEo2qlyqYA03SgvtV%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya332.59558-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Место 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5340805,30.0576553,3a,16.2y,242.85h,64.07t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN5IpsjDTv5pFD5EGgLZP8xHaXB6y0vBPjlsC4z!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN5IpsjDTv5pFD5EGgLZP8xHaXB6y0vBPjlsC4z%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya335.85028-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Место 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@59.5381203,30.051527,3a,24.8y,116.95h,79.24t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPq9yo7QFKCwPWI8YGcgkeR8Mdxi1whI2ForX7W!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPq9yo7QFKCwPWI8YGcgkeR8Mdxi1whI2ForX7W%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya297.7075-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Место 3</a><br />
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<b><a href="http://a-russia.ru/3d-panoramas-crimea/">Крым</a></b><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/krym-31/balaklava-1463/buxta-balaklava-panorama22604">Балаклава 1</a>;
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/ukraine-2/krym-31/balaklava-1463/buxta-balaklavy-panorama13218">Балаклава 2</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/krym-31/koktebel-vecherom-panorama29907">Коктебель</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/krym-31/sudak-65/sudak-panorama27359">Судак</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/krym-31/sudak-65/sudakskaya-genuezskaya-krepost-panorama27519">Судак, крепость</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/russia-1/krym-31/mys-tarxankut-1734/mys-tarxankut-krym-panorama17352">Мыс Тарханкут</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/izrail-5/severnyj-okrug-170/migdal-2729/migdal-panorama35466">Малореченское</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/ukraine-2/krym-31/rybache-87/rybache-s-vysoty-panorama8473">Рыбачье</a><br />
<a href="https://1panorama.ru/world/ukraine-2/krym-31/feodosiya-64/feodosiya-s-vysoty-panorama8075">Феодосия</a><br />
<br />
</div></div>https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-45222173622476250542019-01-11T09:08:00.002-08:002021-04-18T09:01:05.655-07:0018. Muslim shrines in Palestinian Authority<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Maqam nabi Yaqin</b></div>
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<b>مقام النبي ياقين</b></div>
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<b>המקאם נבי יקין</b></div>
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The fact that a maqam is not obligatory a burial place of a saint, but also can be dedicated to any historical or biblical event, is proved by the maqam of nabi Yaqin in the Palestinian village Bani Na'im, to the east from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebron">Hebron</a>.</div>
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Village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Na%27im">Bani Na'im</a> and its suburbs since the very beginning are connected with tales about a Quranic prophet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lot_in_Islam">Lut</a> (Biblical <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)">Lot</a>). In the center of the village there is a tomb of nabi Lut (nowadays a mosque), mentioned even by Blessed Jerome in the 4th century and well-known for Middle age geographers. A tomb of Lut's daughters is located not far away.</div>
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The maqam of nabi Yaqin (i.e. the True Prophet") is located 2 km to the south from the village on a high mountain with a picturesque view to the Hebron Plateau and the waters of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea">Dead Sea</a>. A local legend has it that nabi Lut prayed in this place, leaving his footprints on top of the cliff. In the Middle Ages, the Arabs called the Dead Sea <i>Buhayrat Lut</i>.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ahhKfHR0Ips/XxefgRtVMdI/AAAAAAAAHkw/X4EELJHX1Vwz7bkieRbAuq_VDFw3soZCwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B01%2Bnorth.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ahhKfHR0Ips/XxefgRtVMdI/AAAAAAAAHkw/X4EELJHX1Vwz7bkieRbAuq_VDFw3soZCwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B01%2Bnorth.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QWde37VKNkM/XxefgesoIKI/AAAAAAAAHko/sr7KHkWa0JcXpatmDo-LVMfNdQX1-f-LwCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B02%2Beast.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QWde37VKNkM/XxefgesoIKI/AAAAAAAAHko/sr7KHkWa0JcXpatmDo-LVMfNdQX1-f-LwCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B02%2Beast.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Another tradition connects this place with the Quranic prophet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam">Ibrahim</a> (Biblical <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham">Abraham</a>), who in Islam is often called the brother of Lut. According to the Arab geographer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Maqdisi">al-Maqdisi</a>, it was in this place that Ibrahim stood and watched from the top of the mountain the death of “the cities of Lut,” <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a>, and this is his feet imprinted on a rock. Then Ibrahim admitted Divine justice, saying: “This is an undeniable truth” (<i>hàdhà huwa al-haqq al-yaqin</i>) (<a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&pg=PA15&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sharon, CIAP II 15</a>), <a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&pg=PA18&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">18</a>. Hence the name of the shrine: the maqam of nabi Yaqin.<br />
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<i>"It was in this place that Abraham begged the Divine Grace to have mercy on Sodom,”</i> says <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">Victor Guérin</a>, <i>“from here, the day after Abraham held this mysterious conversation with the Lord, this patriarch from afar witnessed the fire of Sodom and Gomorrah, whom devoured fire from heaven”</i> (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n171/mode/1up">Judée, III 158</a>).<br />
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UjTQheQm7DA/XxefgvEylrI/AAAAAAAAHks/O2n6eSrYKDYqzb3pRMB2ctq4J63lTC3cgCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B03%2Bnorth-east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UjTQheQm7DA/XxefgvEylrI/AAAAAAAAHks/O2n6eSrYKDYqzb3pRMB2ctq4J63lTC3cgCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B03%2Bnorth-east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam includes a rectangular courtyard 31 x 22 m, surrounded by a low stone wall, which is entered from the northern side through an arched passage. To the left of the entrance to the courtyard is a water header. In the south-western corner of the courtyard there is a small building without a dome, which is entered on the eastern side. The building is well restored, but apparently, it has a fairly respectable age. Above the entrance to the building in a hollow flaunts an Arabic inscription of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>, which reads:<br />
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<i>«In the name of Allah the Merciful the Gracious!” We find help in Him. My success (luck) is only in Allah. There is no god but Allah, and our Lord [Muhammad] is the Apostle ("more than the prophet") of Allah. In the name of Allah; what Allah wants. My lord Lut is the apostle of Allah. There is neither power nor power except Allah»</i> (<a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&pg=PA18&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sharon, CIAP II 18</a>).<br />
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This is probably a prayer or part of a prayer, which is prescribed for incoming pilgrims.<br />
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The Arabic inscription</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zuYwghEYy5M/XxefhSVaInI/AAAAAAAAHk0/zv3U77d96kgqgOABdo5EUDNRoJQIVuVPACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B04%2Binscription.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zuYwghEYy5M/XxefhSVaInI/AAAAAAAAHk0/zv3U77d96kgqgOABdo5EUDNRoJQIVuVPACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B04%2Binscription.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qsC9wfb5QCU/XxegoUDVyoI/AAAAAAAAHlI/KNGobxFDyQcjhJASht0oTr4RnY7oAUzHgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qsC9wfb5QCU/XxegoUDVyoI/AAAAAAAAHlI/KNGobxFDyQcjhJASht0oTr4RnY7oAUzHgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In the interior of the building there is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> in the southern wall, in front of which there is a shrine — a small sink fenced with an iron grid in the floor, stretched from north to south. Inside the sink, a part of the rock opens, on which the gaze appears in the form of prints of human feet, more precisely — a boot, somewhat large for an ordinary person. These are the traces ascribed to the Biblical patriarch Abraham.<br />
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YJNNf-lvJ5U/XxegoFWWJKI/AAAAAAAAHlQ/JtzjpPzFDzQmy-swnSldf2ToXr82EOddwCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YJNNf-lvJ5U/XxegoFWWJKI/AAAAAAAAHlQ/JtzjpPzFDzQmy-swnSldf2ToXr82EOddwCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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These are the traces ascribed to the Biblical patriarch Abraham</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l1ALI9chqDU/Xxeh7vTXZyI/AAAAAAAAHlg/VM0inzK2NNIHKJMRc8Fqz9nM_wGtkWw1ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B07%2Bshrine.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l1ALI9chqDU/Xxeh7vTXZyI/AAAAAAAAHlg/VM0inzK2NNIHKJMRc8Fqz9nM_wGtkWw1ACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B07%2Bshrine.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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It is strange that these feet are facing south, towards <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca">Mecca</a>, and not east, as one would have expected to stand watching the destruction of the sinful cities of Sodom and Gomorrah on the Dead Sea. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">Tawfiq_Canaan</a> also drew attention to this circumstance: <i>«On the height of the mountain el-Martum, near the ruins of Beni Dar, and to the south of the village Bani Na'im, a maqam is built for the supposed prophet Yaqin. In the room we notice a rock encircled with an iron frame. This rock shows the impressions of two feet and of two hands. It is related that Abraham was ordered by God to come to this place, where he could observe the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. It is curious that although Abraham is known to be a pre-Islamic prophet the impressions show that he performed his prayer with the face turned to Mecca»</i> (<a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/91j">1927: 78</a>).<br />
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On the plastered walls of the room there are many Arabic inscriptions left by the pilgrims, but there are also inscriptions in English and Russian. In the walls and above the mihrab, grooves are sawn in the plaster, apparently for electrical wires. But there is no electricity in the room yet.<br />
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A small building adjoins the northeast corner of the courtyard from the outer wall, which is entered through the door from the northern side and then descends into the cave chamber. The purpose of this cave is not entirely clear.<br />
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A building with a cave</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5KG9c0hOxZE/Xxeh7iT7DmI/AAAAAAAAHl4/drSv139LCwQBrn4v6nBEptN7xXGIxohogCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B09%2Bcave.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5KG9c0hOxZE/Xxeh7iT7DmI/AAAAAAAAHl4/drSv139LCwQBrn4v6nBEptN7xXGIxohogCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B09%2Bcave.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sjFTSdHrYe8/Xxeh7mepueI/AAAAAAAAHl0/G4fP94621AQulxuwEjhiz_DMgMNBUnxwQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B10%2Bcave.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sjFTSdHrYe8/Xxeh7mepueI/AAAAAAAAHl0/G4fP94621AQulxuwEjhiz_DMgMNBUnxwQCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B10%2Bcave.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The cave chamber</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-12G72AOSydc/Xxeh8QiTwMI/AAAAAAAAHl8/Jc3sfKal8bULydV9H_0qMv6egDUHY8TMACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B12%2Bcave.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-12G72AOSydc/Xxeh8QiTwMI/AAAAAAAAHl8/Jc3sfKal8bULydV9H_0qMv6egDUHY8TMACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B12%2Bcave.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Forty meters westwards from maqam is located framed by stones <i>huwetiyeh</i> — part of the rock, on which another pair of prints of human feet is preserved. Tradition attributes them to the prophet Lut (Canaan 1927, 78). These footprints are also facing south, towards Mecca.<br />
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These are the traces ascribed to the prophet Lut</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zIRVsmGbTRg/XxegonA2LxI/AAAAAAAAHlY/ZEP3OOIt0zsS5hma2WWYZNNnVloPxCmQwCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zIRVsmGbTRg/XxegonA2LxI/AAAAAAAAHlY/ZEP3OOIt0zsS5hma2WWYZNNnVloPxCmQwCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2B10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The entire sacred site, including the maqam with a courtyard, a building with a cave and rock with the feet of Lut is surrounded by a low fence of folded stone boulders.<br />
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<i>Route</i>: turn off from Highway 356 onto Road 3333 leading to the Israeli settlement of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27ale_Hever">Ma'ale Hever</a> or Pnei Hever and after 2 km we see the Israeli military post. We go round the dirt road and on the northern side we get to the maqam of nabi Yaqin.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 21.10.19<br />
<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i>: 31°29'55.5"N 35°09'29.0"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.493112312258223%2C35.16016643328855&spn=0.010538%2C0.01575&mid=1OnTBCbfTWyGZ8U_sNFUKAtN_a9o&z=13">Google Maps</a><br />
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Video of 2019</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/fHhT9NDZfCM/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fHhT9NDZfCM?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BN0r-BFQKNk/Xxeh8x6Mg-I/AAAAAAAAHmA/EZRkJyIjucc0pecsNfHmNpLQGL_gX_niQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Nabi%2BYaqin%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="959" data-original-width="1279" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BN0r-BFQKNk/Xxeh8x6Mg-I/AAAAAAAAHmA/EZRkJyIjucc0pecsNfHmNpLQGL_gX_niQCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Nabi%2BYaqin%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>References:</i> <a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n171/mode/1up">Guérin, Judée, III 158</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/byewaysinpalesti00finniala#page/291/mode/1up">Finn 1877: 291</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/405/mode/1up">Palmer 1881: 405 (Sheet XXI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA1321#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888: 132</a>; <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/91j">Canaan 1927: 78</a>; <a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&pg=PA15&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sharon, CIAP II 15</a>, <a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&pg=PA18&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">18</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Sheiban</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ شيبان</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' שיבאן</b></div>
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The maqam of sheikh Sheiban is marked on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund">PEF</a> map (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231670708/view">Sheet XVII</a>). Until nowadays it has been an active Muslim shrine, as it is located on the territory of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Palestine">Palestinian Authority</a>, the people of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bireh">al-Bireh</a> visit it. Recenly some reconstruction works have been proceeded in the maqam: the inner rooms have been whitewashed, the dome — painted green and topped with a small spire with a crescent. At the entrance there appeared an Arabic inscription “Maqam Sheiban”, and also a traditional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahada">Shahada</a>.</div>
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Photo of 2012</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lhUW2bb25_E/XDjL76IM3VI/AAAAAAAAHL8/HfPkfqtl-NkuHuvsmNxavJdji_YB31SFACLcBGAs/s1600/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2B2012%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lhUW2bb25_E/XDjL76IM3VI/AAAAAAAAHL8/HfPkfqtl-NkuHuvsmNxavJdji_YB31SFACLcBGAs/s640/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2B2012%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SZxnmjfVAeo/XDjLygGx8KI/AAAAAAAAHLs/tYh-OO8UvVUWaIm3BcLnXkry77KfiOEEwCLcBGAs/s1600/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SZxnmjfVAeo/XDjLygGx8KI/AAAAAAAAHLs/tYh-OO8UvVUWaIm3BcLnXkry77KfiOEEwCLcBGAs/s640/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KwfOaz5saqw/XDjLzRLI-bI/AAAAAAAAHL0/JXLWOzidCWkvfG7DEllVFfDEwMWwH94VgCLcBGAs/s1600/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KwfOaz5saqw/XDjLzRLI-bI/AAAAAAAAHL0/JXLWOzidCWkvfG7DEllVFfDEwMWwH94VgCLcBGAs/s640/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The domed room is 8.05 x 7.10 m. The dome has an octagonal base. In front of the <i>mihrab</i> there lies a big carpet for prayers. The sheikh's cenotaph is located in a little domed annex on the eastern side of the maqam. First, the cenotaph might be in the main building, in front of the mihrab.</div>
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A small Muslim cemetery borders with the maqam; there are a few recent burials.</div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9ZQUDxeuLkA/XDjLyxkL-2I/AAAAAAAAHLw/9gUR2PCcsM8XGI3Ur7DGeDaXTHn0GY25gCLcBGAs/s1600/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9ZQUDxeuLkA/XDjLyxkL-2I/AAAAAAAAHLw/9gUR2PCcsM8XGI3Ur7DGeDaXTHn0GY25gCLcBGAs/s640/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-otKATG9vqtU/XDjL5jL6SsI/AAAAAAAAHL4/K9KHFcaDfCo6jhy7WjCoI2RMzd_cPtuXACLcBGAs/s1600/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-otKATG9vqtU/XDjL5jL6SsI/AAAAAAAAHL4/K9KHFcaDfCo6jhy7WjCoI2RMzd_cPtuXACLcBGAs/s640/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. Turn from Route 466 to the asphalt road which the Israeli use to get to settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psagot">Psagot</a>, located to the south from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_El">Beit El</a>. In a kilometer you see mountain Sheiban topped with the maqam to the west from the road. You can reach it taking quite a steep path, which is hardly visible among stones and bushes.</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='521' height='432' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxiJojxbQO7XvynZF3bXEbf29KMzmPHjFE5jtSGxWyfx0CWo_GxnP4jVDX4Uyzb6ehLfyUAlZZakEEpKv0tqQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XwnzEzSH53A/XDk3bMuGxiI/AAAAAAAAHMU/upwAJuCLpFIq3vE_B-fyTNpXovg-nLD7ACLcBGAs/s1600/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="973" data-original-width="1277" height="486" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XwnzEzSH53A/XDk3bMuGxiI/AAAAAAAAHMU/upwAJuCLpFIq3vE_B-fyTNpXovg-nLD7ACLcBGAs/s640/Sheiban%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 14.08.15
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<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i>: 31°54'27.1"N 35°14'11.1"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.907530,%2035.236427&spn=0.010538,0.01575&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/328/mode/1up">Palmer 1881" 328 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888: 140</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/70/site/9381">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-84687336292673730902018-11-18T13:35:00.003-08:002021-02-28T11:20:09.126-08:0016. Muslim shrines in Lod<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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In 1930s there were two mosques and 14 Muslim shrines in Arabic city Ludd (Hebrew: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lod">Lod</a>). Now both mosques continue to function, but 5 out of 14 shrines survived.<br />
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Arabic city Ludd. Photo of 1932</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WYPdovOG8co/W_Ljm-k5-6I/AAAAAAAAHCY/jBn2nxgCmUUuJuMhfMS2OmmOy-z6FWdngCLcBGAs/s1600/Lydda%2Baerial%2B1932.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1190" data-original-width="1600" height="474" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WYPdovOG8co/W_Ljm-k5-6I/AAAAAAAAHCY/jBn2nxgCmUUuJuMhfMS2OmmOy-z6FWdngCLcBGAs/s640/Lydda%2Baerial%2B1932.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>Mashhad sheikh ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn ‘Awf</b></div>
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<b>مشهد الشيخ عبد الرحمن بن عوف</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' עבד אל-רחמן בן עוף</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_%27Awf">‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn ‘Awf</a> was one of the companions (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabah">ashabs</a>) of Muhammad the Prophet. According to the tradition, he died in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina">Medina</a> and was buried in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Baqi%27">al-Baqi‘ cemetery</a>. But the Muslims who lived in Palestine believed that Ibn ‘Awf was buried on their land, and they even built a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar_(mausoleum)">mashhad</a> (a shrine) in his honor to the east from the city of Ludd. An Arabic explorer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujir_al-Din">Mudjir ad-Din</a> mentioned this shrine (1496): “<i>Near Ludd from the eastern side there is a mashhad, the the tomb of Abu Muhammad ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn ‘Aouf, the companion [of Muhammad], a supporter who died in 32 of Hegira</i>” (<a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k130413m/f218.item">Sauvaire 1876, 211</a>).<br />
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Now the <i>mashhad</i> Ibn ‘Awf is on the territory of an old Muslim cemetery. Almost nothing left from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk's</a> building. A modern Prayer house is built on its basement, and only a green dome of the survived shrine marks the place where the cenotaph of Ibn ‘Awf is.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/jSCsQlWLcTzQDJr2BVvxIe3-9MveyWypkJRCtu2Qj9Nhep-I8luZMQzTjKpLw0xgjbJWOmUc9R6Xyi7BXSpVEvwDya5fawBjItc-r2Ru6iDAwo_j_H7zxvABXctxYR8f=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="622" data-original-width="1042" height="382" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/jSCsQlWLcTzQDJr2BVvxIe3-9MveyWypkJRCtu2Qj9Nhep-I8luZMQzTjKpLw0xgjbJWOmUc9R6Xyi7BXSpVEvwDya5fawBjItc-r2Ru6iDAwo_j_H7zxvABXctxYR8f=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/uPaze31YrhdVOeu6LnsfMXSC80vOzorUkPnvnlmPRqehQOWXlGM_L6JDsxCeIRyjraYYb_VoLfRWr8fs1_pIimaz7l-FaJ7_2uZFRbohefwUcxez3ttLiqtkUO52DpGXIQ=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/uPaze31YrhdVOeu6LnsfMXSC80vOzorUkPnvnlmPRqehQOWXlGM_L6JDsxCeIRyjraYYb_VoLfRWr8fs1_pIimaz7l-FaJ7_2uZFRbohefwUcxez3ttLiqtkUO52DpGXIQ=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. This Muslim shrine is located in the eastern part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lod">Lod</a>, at the entrance to the city by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_443_(Israel)">Route 443</a> or via street ha-Hashmonaim.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 12.08.15<br />
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<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i>: 31°57'16.4"N 34°54'18.2"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.954564,%2034.905043&spn=0.010538,0.01575&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081591327;seq=85;view=1up;page=root;size=100;orient=0;num=69">Tobler, 1859, 69</a>; <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.ah5mlb;view=1up;seq=76">Sepp 1863, II 30</a>; <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k130413m/f218.item">Sauvaire 1876, 211</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/palestineetsyri00baedgoog#page/n170/mode/1up">Baedeker 1882, 144</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9546937,34.9054156,3a,75y,246.08h,88.37t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1slcSrkBwRfRRPCm9jaWY5Tg!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama</a><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam sheikh Ibrahim as-Suwayq</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ ابراهيم</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' איברהים</b></div>
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In the center of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lod">Lod</a>, on Hashmonaim street (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_443_(Israel)">Route 443</a>) there is an old Muslim cemetery; very untidy and neglected, despite the fact that it is under protection. Near the entrance to the cemetery stands Maqam sheikh Ibrahim nearly all covered with ivy. Only the north wall with a wide arch doesn’t have ivy on it. A. Petersen visited the maqam in 1994 and described it so: “<i>The maqam consists of a rectangular cross-vaulted structure (4m x 4m) with a small dome in the top. The east face is open and there are windows in the north and south sides. The outlines of a grave or cenotaph can be seen outlined on the floor. An inscription dated to 1119 H. (1706–1707 CE) on the exterior of the building states that this is the tomb of Shaykh Ibrahim Suwayq</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">2001, 209</a>).</div>
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The old Muslim cemetery of Lod</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LtgcIiFCbZU/UQMMyAsa4JI/AAAAAAAABAE/R6J_-RyVQYw/s1600/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+01+%2528Lod%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LtgcIiFCbZU/UQMMyAsa4JI/AAAAAAAABAE/R6J_-RyVQYw/s640/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+01+%2528Lod%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cQexJkGEyk0/USDf9n7EHbI/AAAAAAAACQY/MPhO12WSMLE/s1600/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+06+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cQexJkGEyk0/USDf9n7EHbI/AAAAAAAACQY/MPhO12WSMLE/s640/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+06+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1994 (from the book by A. Petersen) </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ifwwflVDuUo/UQMOs42R00I/AAAAAAAABBA/hpUIIxuIJYs/s1600/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+1994.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="544" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ifwwflVDuUo/UQMOs42R00I/AAAAAAAABBA/hpUIIxuIJYs/s640/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+1994.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The exact dimensions of the structure are 4.66 x 4.50m. The entrance to the maqam is not on the east, but on the north-east side, where a wide arch is present. There is an inscription in Arabic on the north wall, however, to the right of the entrance. Dome of the maqam, apparently, completely covered with ivy. Note also that the tomb has no <i>mihrab</i>. Not so long ago the maqam was whitewashed and its floors were tiled. A modern tombstone with an inscription in Arabic “Muhammad al-Mabtuli” was installed instead of the cenotaph. Note that the Mosque of sheikh Ibrahim al-Matbuli (d. 1472), known even to researchers of the 19th century (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/273/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 273</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a>), is located on the Tel Ashdod.</div>
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View from the north-east </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vdcB9CUR4qY/UQMOrtenVPI/AAAAAAAABA4/wFGY8xNo8x0/s1600/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+02+%2528north%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vdcB9CUR4qY/UQMOrtenVPI/AAAAAAAABA4/wFGY8xNo8x0/s640/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+02+%2528north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1mKXD8xvkrU/UQMPIHGeUyI/AAAAAAAABBI/28XjzhzUxLk/s1600/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+03+%2528north-east%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1mKXD8xvkrU/UQMPIHGeUyI/AAAAAAAABBI/28XjzhzUxLk/s640/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+03+%2528north-east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kUqQSwNQk18/UQMNfCUR6RI/AAAAAAAABAM/ATHQRy81l8Y/s1600/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+04+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kUqQSwNQk18/UQMNfCUR6RI/AAAAAAAABAM/ATHQRy81l8Y/s640/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+04+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6ZZZPHATwc0/UQMPODJkArI/AAAAAAAABBQ/-OVWH7WhcNw/s1600/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6ZZZPHATwc0/UQMPODJkArI/AAAAAAAABBQ/-OVWH7WhcNw/s640/Ibrahim+el-Suwaiq+05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The researchers of the 19th century say that the <b>Tomb of nabi Dannun</b> is situated in the Muslim cemetery of Lod (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/216/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 216</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA131#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 131</a>). Do they refer to this particular object? Now it is hard to say. Somewhere around this place, on the east side of the road Ramla–Lod,</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°56'59.1"N 34°53'44.7"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.949377,34.894745&spn=0.010506,0.01575&t=h&z=16&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
<i>References</i>: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 209</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Muhammad al-Falih</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ محمد الفالح</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' מוחמד אל-פלח</b></div>
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Standing in front of the maqam we asked a passing by Arab what the name of this object was. “<i>The Sabba (grandfather) lies here</i>”, — he said. On the British map of Ludd in 1931 this building is called the tomb of sheikh Muhammad al-Falih.</div>
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The structure is quite big: 7.20 x 10.20 m. It is 3.70 m high. To light a spacious dome room in the northern, western and eastern walls there made three rectangular and round small windows. The entrance in the north wall is now blocked with an iron locked door. There is no cenotaph in the maqam, but there is a rectangular <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> in the south wall. A small half-round hole is in the east wall, with unclear purpose.</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/BD70P1g14vRjx27gFcXZ-w3NUK1C96j_kNYgnM0-SrsL3V4M14UCULG4aPmCXxKwHbjTb9Bv5rc7wPzKfHrl7I8nhQfEM1DccEzA9fiYZ7ei9xSzgyBsAzJcNF0Pqj2Y=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/BD70P1g14vRjx27gFcXZ-w3NUK1C96j_kNYgnM0-SrsL3V4M14UCULG4aPmCXxKwHbjTb9Bv5rc7wPzKfHrl7I8nhQfEM1DccEzA9fiYZ7ei9xSzgyBsAzJcNF0Pqj2Y=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/dRj6owS1mMvwnl2jeJtQU7U2DPi_w-H9dwILK2FxLXVZvrL-TZbsW10BXC3tCYoXoTT6Q3-dWCzzXGETalHK5lfcx1LL5r9hVvm7_AOHQrCLRkJp2rX-tw9jNSFsWrTbug=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/dRj6owS1mMvwnl2jeJtQU7U2DPi_w-H9dwILK2FxLXVZvrL-TZbsW10BXC3tCYoXoTT6Q3-dWCzzXGETalHK5lfcx1LL5r9hVvm7_AOHQrCLRkJp2rX-tw9jNSFsWrTbug=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior. The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/nCutv33aGppL5rBAwxh-T_EAXP3VFW9PYfzBkyKueOelQ9bDdtl-LMQMNpGBmbnWNdnYicM0N8012iP1Velq5ycLyQsVq-oAUP31Xp3yNFmKET6KVND5N22P5JUEF5R4=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/nCutv33aGppL5rBAwxh-T_EAXP3VFW9PYfzBkyKueOelQ9bDdtl-LMQMNpGBmbnWNdnYicM0N8012iP1Velq5ycLyQsVq-oAUP31Xp3yNFmKET6KVND5N22P5JUEF5R4=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior. Western wall</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aJl-HIJZ7o4/W_HrJOyp4LI/AAAAAAAAHB0/yUN0X6nXmJ4OcspbE7AnPe909_9kAIrYQCKgBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Falih%2Bsh%252C%2BLod%2B05%252Cjpg.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aJl-HIJZ7o4/W_HrJOyp4LI/AAAAAAAAHB0/yUN0X6nXmJ4OcspbE7AnPe909_9kAIrYQCKgBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Falih%2Bsh%252C%2BLod%2B05%252Cjpg.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eKnF7yYSYAE/W_HrJP959yI/AAAAAAAAHB0/Xt9nd_jIcMw8lDe-vyaG-lSvV__fO48CwCKgBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Falih%2Bsh%252C%2BLod%2B06%252Cjpg.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eKnF7yYSYAE/W_HrJP959yI/AAAAAAAAHB0/Xt9nd_jIcMw8lDe-vyaG-lSvV__fO48CwCKgBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Falih%2Bsh%252C%2BLod%2B06%252Cjpg.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Being in the city, at the wasteland, the maqam is well observable. The Muslims keep on care for it and whitewash the outer walls and inner rooms. A low squatted dome is painted green. A nearby waste site causes some troubles to the monument with waste heaped at the east wall.</div>
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam is located inside the quarter, which borders to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Saint_George,_Lod">Church of Saint George</a> and mosque al-‘Umari to the east.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 12.08.15</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°57'10.2"N 34°54'07.3"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.952840,%2034.902038&spn=0.010506,0.01575&t=h&z=16&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i style="text-align: justify;">Addition</i><span style="text-align: justify;">: </span><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9529049,34.9016608,3a,60y,95.06h,88.48t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sh3sxlyWDIoQi3jRSMaOfGw!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Salman al-Farsi</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ سلمان الفارسي</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' סלמאן הפרסי</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_the_Persian">Salman al-Farsi</a> (i.g. Pesian) was one of the companions (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabah">ashabs</a>) of Muhammad the Prophet. He took part in Arabic captures of Palestine, Syria and Iraq. According to one legends, he was buried in Iraqi Madain, according to others – in Isfahan. However, in Palestine there are a few maqams named Salman al-Farsi. One of them was in Ludd. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">C. Clermont-Ganneau</a> mentioned it (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/471/mode/1up">ARP II 471</a>).</div>
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Today it is difficult to imagine how this maqam looked like. A square building is now on its place: a new brickwork lies on the previous one. The maqam was obviously rebuilt a few times and was used for different purposes. Now this building on be taken as a stone platform or an unfinished monument.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/U2RNGDyl6tjUhf6TqbU3gMLMh3XvGl7VpEapqt9-maSu89sLR65eQUWG1D-rqSHEE_lMVvHwCRQQwjUo6oWjz3N5vUx2SyYARdOaqqCdUZm319JkGOtG-ngLuI_qD_I2=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/U2RNGDyl6tjUhf6TqbU3gMLMh3XvGl7VpEapqt9-maSu89sLR65eQUWG1D-rqSHEE_lMVvHwCRQQwjUo6oWjz3N5vUx2SyYARdOaqqCdUZm319JkGOtG-ngLuI_qD_I2=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Tp533iVUdqg/W_K1xsOWBKI/AAAAAAAAHCA/YUEnWgdHRvcbyGqMS-PmtPMlHBV4f_MzwCLcBGAs/s1600/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2Bsh%252C%2BLod%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Tp533iVUdqg/W_K1xsOWBKI/AAAAAAAAHCA/YUEnWgdHRvcbyGqMS-PmtPMlHBV4f_MzwCLcBGAs/s640/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2Bsh%252C%2BLod%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The remains of the maqam are located on Sejera street in the eastern part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lod">Lod</a>, almost opposite an old Muslim cemetery with mashhad of ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn ‘Awf (see above).</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 12.08.15</div>
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<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i>: 31°57'15.1"N 34°54'12.2"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.954186,%2034.903376&spn=0.010538,0.01575&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/471/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 471</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9540948,34.9032848,3a,60y,53.01h,87.22t/data=!3m4!1e1!3m2!1sN399Iuk7YMMUCCdPlZrw6A!2e0">Panorama</a></div>
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<b>Tomb of nabi Muqdam</b></div>
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<b>قبر النبي مقدم</b></div>
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<b>קבר נבי מוקדאם</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">C. Clermont-Ganneau</a> described the attractions of Arabic Ludda as follows,”<i>To the south-east of the church there is an extensive open space called Bab esh-Sharky, "the eastern gate", in front of a beiyara (garden), likewise called esh Sharkiyeh, "the Eastern." This is the former site of Bab ed-Dajjal, "the gate of the Dajjal (Antichrist)." Just a few steps from here is the Jewish tomb mentioned by Sir Charles Wilson and Guerin. Beside this garden is the wely of Sliman el-Farsy, with its tomb. Close by is another wely, that of the Arba‘in M’ghazy (as who should say "the 40 martyrs"). A little further on, but still in the gardens, is the makam of the prophet En-Neby Mukdad; others say Sidna Mukdam, our "lord Mukdam." To the south-west of the mosque is the sanctuary of the prophet Neby Dannun, others say Sidna Zannun el-Masry, "our lord Zannun the Egyptian."</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/471/mode/1up">ARP II 471</a>).</div>
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Now only a few objects from the list survived. A well worshipped shrine of Arba‘in M’ghazy which stood near the maqam of Salman al-Farsi has completely disappeared. The latter can be also considered as lost. No trace is left from the tomb of nabi Dannun.</div>
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Luckily, the tomb of nabi Muqdam has survived. It is marked on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund">PEF</a> map (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231670267/view">Sheet XIII</a>) to the east from old Ludd. Though, now it is not surrounded by gardens, but stands inside of a densely built complex near a workshop. Only the dome topped with a sharp spire is well observable.</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/RL9XJDS8r1fszaymfJZ2yHfnbgy7afK5s71j4b1tXKPa4kB3im2p_897O_ojxQaoudBz4AkjJx3_2e-SIibcgkjNQgCIethhPV_v6sbvzJtxnlZeEvIVC-rj4uzJ6TIc=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/RL9XJDS8r1fszaymfJZ2yHfnbgy7afK5s71j4b1tXKPa4kB3im2p_897O_ojxQaoudBz4AkjJx3_2e-SIibcgkjNQgCIethhPV_v6sbvzJtxnlZeEvIVC-rj4uzJ6TIc=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zk_pxauVTiY/W_LS8n-zutI/AAAAAAAAHCM/huRZJ9Nmdos-q7Buc88m-1BmZ94k0GUNwCKgBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BMuqdam%252C%2BLod%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zk_pxauVTiY/W_LS8n-zutI/AAAAAAAAHCM/huRZJ9Nmdos-q7Buc88m-1BmZ94k0GUNwCKgBGAs/s640/Neby%2BMuqdam%252C%2BLod%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. You should look for the tomb of nabi Muqdam at the crossroad of Erez street and ha-Hashmonaim (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_443_(Israel)">Route 443</a>).</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 12.08.15</div>
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<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i>: 31°57'09.5"N 34°54'12.5"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.952642,%2034.903480&spn=0.010538,0.01575&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/471/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 471</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/217/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 217 (Sheet XIII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA131#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 131</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9526328,34.9035958,3a,60y,291.23h,88.62t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sbvMFsDstTDhQxajT8_09_w!2e0!6s%2F%2Fgeo0.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3DbvMFsDstTDhQxajT8_09_w%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D288.8752%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama</a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gLsxFhYZhoM/W_HTEHdTEXI/AAAAAAAAHBo/kIwKtB7vAoQAfrfL9GHaNKSkyCXowhBTwCLcBGAs/s1600/Lod%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1451" data-original-width="1274" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gLsxFhYZhoM/W_HTEHdTEXI/AAAAAAAAHBo/kIwKtB7vAoQAfrfL9GHaNKSkyCXowhBTwCLcBGAs/s640/Lod%2Bair.jpg" width="560" /></a></div>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-24442791213859821312018-11-14T16:35:00.001-08:002021-02-28T11:16:55.247-08:0014c. Abandoned Mosques. Golan Heights<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Mosque in Kafr ‘Aqab</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في كفر عقاب</b></div>
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<b>מסגד בכפר עקיב</b></div>
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According to the photos made just after the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War">Six-Days War</a> in 1967, the mosque in Kafr ‘Aqab stood in the middle of the village. Now there is only a basement of the mosque and 1–1.5 m high walls on the hill. Almost nothing left from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minaret"><i>minaret</i></a>.</div>
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Photo of 1968</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEhl0kzdwBO3qjUh0lmzvlu5oSKhWI0RQDQqdhi0g8_0-oDTvkxahMs7wcd1Yipjl6y6P87pQyMVKlWo4I2agswWWHqV6tMzM4LgOuUSSiNc8EO6iXeEDBgqijse7AJES_onuvwRX6bq3sq-AAOQpzzcMHvv6ektYzv_3U_OEghGJfWOwSQPYjjNCLgDdJQh2hVbcA=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="301" data-original-width="450" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEhl0kzdwBO3qjUh0lmzvlu5oSKhWI0RQDQqdhi0g8_0-oDTvkxahMs7wcd1Yipjl6y6P87pQyMVKlWo4I2agswWWHqV6tMzM4LgOuUSSiNc8EO6iXeEDBgqijse7AJES_onuvwRX6bq3sq-AAOQpzzcMHvv6ektYzv_3U_OEghGJfWOwSQPYjjNCLgDdJQh2hVbcA=s16383" width="400" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OzQTpBnULE4/W-y98x139mI/AAAAAAAAHA4/u-Hb8jZ_7LsZ9aTSlsIs5lS2-X-QHPgNQCLcBGAs/s1600/Kafr%2BAqab%2Bmosque%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OzQTpBnULE4/W-y98x139mI/AAAAAAAAHA4/u-Hb8jZ_7LsZ9aTSlsIs5lS2-X-QHPgNQCLcBGAs/s640/Kafr%2BAqab%2Bmosque%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jU7MWnvUjsQ/W-y99LKndXI/AAAAAAAAHA8/DCqzjr454-4mALxFNQlrv5rVkRp212ycgCLcBGAs/s1600/Kafr%2BAqab%2Bmosque%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jU7MWnvUjsQ/W-y99LKndXI/AAAAAAAAHA8/DCqzjr454-4mALxFNQlrv5rVkRp212ycgCLcBGAs/s640/Kafr%2BAqab%2Bmosque%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. On 20th km turn from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_92_(Israel)">Highway 92</a> to moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramot,_Golan_Heights">Ramot</a> and in 250 m to the left there is a hill with the ruins of Kafr ‘Aqab village.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 21.08.15</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°51'46.4"N 35°39'16.1"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.862924,%2035.654537&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/35/site/5546">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Mosque in Khushniya</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في الخشنية</b></div>
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<b>מסגד בחושניה</b></div>
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This mosque is observable for all who take Highway 87 and pass a former Syrian (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherkess">Cherkess</a>) village <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94">Khushniya</a>, as the mosque stands right near the road. It was built just before the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War">Six-Days War</a> and now is the only object left after Khushniya. The mosque is often made photos of due to its beautiful <i>minaret</i> with two rounded balconies.</div>
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The building is relatively safe, besides the south-western corner, which was destroyed during the 1967 war. The south wall with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> is covered with Arabic and Jewish inscriptions left by modern visitors.</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U1v8jfQxT6k/W-zTFmWS8ZI/AAAAAAAAHBc/dm1OjZVIHKov17Nk-_izKheMmC3iXlzPACLcBGAs/s1600/Hushniya.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="358" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U1v8jfQxT6k/W-zTFmWS8ZI/AAAAAAAAHBc/dm1OjZVIHKov17Nk-_izKheMmC3iXlzPACLcBGAs/s640/Hushniya.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/ehKoxEJiKoNwLUJ_tKBdI28rEwtRbKXIgJMyzAGrVKKU-wJ2_HJ4q8AyIYFVTQa1WJEuVBiqjv8jf066c7zuyiMTxAc6OoQ-KHyyoNVxKfbjCEoENT1R4AlSG4uqh3eQ=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/ehKoxEJiKoNwLUJ_tKBdI28rEwtRbKXIgJMyzAGrVKKU-wJ2_HJ4q8AyIYFVTQa1WJEuVBiqjv8jf066c7zuyiMTxAc6OoQ-KHyyoNVxKfbjCEoENT1R4AlSG4uqh3eQ=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/MfxDQ3DEfaC-untrKgfOav1eJnTLTc9r8b8rKsWUZz5cGvO7u30aiZu1IYKFHHtcl8ZMsEgvsGjuwYxpNrBrIV0bgAO8y2NP6avKNZLPOll9AXVNxevvmmTi51dDhCXI=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/MfxDQ3DEfaC-untrKgfOav1eJnTLTc9r8b8rKsWUZz5cGvO7u30aiZu1IYKFHHtcl8ZMsEgvsGjuwYxpNrBrIV0bgAO8y2NP6avKNZLPOll9AXVNxevvmmTi51dDhCXI=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the minaret</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5jusU-NR62Y/W-zR4JTOsbI/AAAAAAAAHBQ/JYAq4R_pM7sIjK_nUCZ5-BVfEqYE3duDwCLcBGAs/s1600/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE046.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5jusU-NR62Y/W-zR4JTOsbI/AAAAAAAAHBQ/JYAq4R_pM7sIjK_nUCZ5-BVfEqYE3duDwCLcBGAs/s640/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE046.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the minaret</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vL-OJhzx6TM/W-zR31FawRI/AAAAAAAAHBM/vd73jxDlXXEoEjKFvrX7Eh71JJdbfHWgQCLcBGAs/s1600/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE047.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vL-OJhzx6TM/W-zR31FawRI/AAAAAAAAHBM/vd73jxDlXXEoEjKFvrX7Eh71JJdbfHWgQCLcBGAs/s640/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE047.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The mosque is said to stand on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_87_(Israel)">Highway 87</a>, between the crossroads of Keshet and Bashan.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 05.10.11</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°59'55.2"N 35°48'39.7"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.998662,%2035.811020&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.997165,35.81238,3a,75y,199.24h,69.5t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMuDAS4TttknBdQkBYV6KOIoi-rJGiMae-z1nLw!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMuDAS4TttknBdQkBYV6KOIoi-rJGiMae-z1nLw%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya253.34192-ro-0-fo100!7i7168!8i3584">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Mosque in ‘Uweynat al-Janubiyeh</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في عوينة الجنوبية</b></div>
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<b>מסגד של הכפר עווינאת</b></div>
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There were a few Syrian and Cherkess mosques in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Heights">Golan Heights</a>, but almost all of them are destroyed now. One of the saved; mosques is located in the former village ‘Uweynat al-Janubiyeh (1.5 km to the west from Israeli moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidmat_Tzvi">Kidmat Tsvi</a>).<br />
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This mosque was built in 1950-s for the Syrian soldiers who were allocated in ‘Uweynat al-Janubiyeh. The exterior of the building looks like military barracks: the concrete walls, narrow firing windows, a squat four-corner minaret which resembles a watch-tower.<br />
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When the Golan Heights were occupied by Israel in 1967, village ‘Uweynat al-Janubiyeh became depopulated. The mosque still stands on the hill, but one cannot enter as the floor is covered with excrements. That is because the Jewish settlers from Kidmat Tsvi were keeping the cattle there; and when there were too much manure, they took the cattle to another place and did not clean the mosque.<br />
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/xF-fDPqoXaCoqt2ZLmHbWfXVlDsDbY7RlcpxCUgy8CMfOvbdEKDZxDrbpnRry9Vu8ITpFJoqRI6gGBDr8Sz9a4n9fPcFi0CVvx9RKZKJnWCPUZLI7qQ8FbDOO5MmmvjMSw=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/xF-fDPqoXaCoqt2ZLmHbWfXVlDsDbY7RlcpxCUgy8CMfOvbdEKDZxDrbpnRry9Vu8ITpFJoqRI6gGBDr8Sz9a4n9fPcFi0CVvx9RKZKJnWCPUZLI7qQ8FbDOO5MmmvjMSw=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/xYmXAgpRr2OCzL_OgEHNHpyDeCz-jdzfBVXO3zRg7w1Eb-s-_nH9RJeEWI_rMfsC8rZVeHttCpqWx-0Cdu4hYPttmX91XcVa2yvjZf__WE8yYJHsF4Qhnn6Rqm3kfqQ=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/xYmXAgpRr2OCzL_OgEHNHpyDeCz-jdzfBVXO3zRg7w1Eb-s-_nH9RJeEWI_rMfsC8rZVeHttCpqWx-0Cdu4hYPttmX91XcVa2yvjZf__WE8yYJHsF4Qhnn6Rqm3kfqQ=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. From the 16th km of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_91_(Israel)">Highway 91</a> (after crossroad Nashot) turn right to the North, to a track road leading to Nahal Gilbon (Jalaboun Stream). The mosque is 850 m from the turn.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 21.08.15</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 33°02'09.9"N 35°40'51.1"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=33.036069,%2035.680855&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/1113/site/16448">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-32737860728667744642018-11-08T21:24:00.002-08:002021-02-28T11:11:52.563-08:0014b. Abandoned Mosques. North<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Mosque in ‘Amqa</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في عمقا</b></div>
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<b>מסגד בעמקה</b></div>
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The exterior of this mosque looks like the mosque in al-Ghabisiya (see next): the same beautiful three-arched portique (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riwaq_(arcade)"><i>riwaq</i></a>), approximately the same size of the Prayer hall decorated with high arched curves. Obviously, the mosque in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amka">‘Amqa</a> was built in the 19th century too. As in other villages of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Galilee">Upper Galilee</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze">Druzes</a> lived in ‘Amqa.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yBpEZWPLiHs/W-XL3Oqx3gI/AAAAAAAAG7o/xqXN6xXe2ZAOU2v5zog7dDcPVpm0VdSzwCKgBGAs/s1600/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B01.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yBpEZWPLiHs/W-XL3Oqx3gI/AAAAAAAAG7o/xqXN6xXe2ZAOU2v5zog7dDcPVpm0VdSzwCKgBGAs/s640/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B01.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wvRdaOZgVbU/W-XL3HAhV9I/AAAAAAAAG7o/KsDjjnYBfsgQ3Cp_qaPt08pgdklGvsN6gCKgBGAs/s1600/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B09.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wvRdaOZgVbU/W-XL3HAhV9I/AAAAAAAAG7o/KsDjjnYBfsgQ3Cp_qaPt08pgdklGvsN6gCKgBGAs/s640/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B09.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1990s</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SvSVTKOG7nc/W-ZEPyAV9jI/AAAAAAAAG8U/MPMOsre16u0V86eoLGQVKffmvKjNJ4KOwCLcBGAs/s1600/Amka%2Bmosque%2B1990s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="277" data-original-width="450" height="245" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SvSVTKOG7nc/W-ZEPyAV9jI/AAAAAAAAG8U/MPMOsre16u0V86eoLGQVKffmvKjNJ4KOwCLcBGAs/s400/Amka%2Bmosque%2B1990s.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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In September 1991, the mosque was studied by A. Petersen and made a detailed description, “<i>This structure is located at the highest point of the rocky hillside on which the village was built. It is the only surviving building from the Arab village with the exception of a schoolroom now used as a warehouse</i> (Khalidi 1992, 5).</div>
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<i>The mosque consists of a domed prayer hall and an open portico (riwaq) divided into three cross-vaulted bays, each open to the north. The portico also has an open arch at the east end and a rectangular window at the west end. The area in front of the portico (now overgrown) was an open paved courtyard containing a deep cistern in the middle.</i></div>
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<i>The prayer hall is entered through a doorway in the centre of the portico. Its hall is a large square room with massive corner piers supporting the springing of the dome. The interior is lit by a pair of windows on the west and east sides and windows either side of the main door. The area between the piers form wide recesses covered with tall arches. There is a small concave mihrab set into the south wall, slightly to the left (east) of centre, possibly to accommodate the minbar (now vanished) on the west side.</i></div>
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<i>The dome rests directly on the pendentives without the intervention of a drum. The roof of the building is reached by a set of steps within the thickness of the west wall. The staircase is entered from a doorway set into the exterior of the west wall. The exterior of the dome and the flat parts of the roof are coated in a thick grey waterproof plaster. The lower part of the dome has near vertical sides whilst the upper portion has a shallow slightly pointed form. The entire structure is built out of ashlar masonry with a white plaster coating on the interior</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 93</a>).</div>
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Entrance to the mosque</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2Ixha0LnllY/W-XNfticbzI/AAAAAAAAG70/UkjUm0lUISok4TkCN9m8V9px6jIer7VoACKgBGAs/s1600/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B03.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2Ixha0LnllY/W-XNfticbzI/AAAAAAAAG70/UkjUm0lUISok4TkCN9m8V9px6jIer7VoACKgBGAs/s640/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B03.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Mihrab in the south wall</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_sET8izegac/W-XNfp3UoVI/AAAAAAAAG70/mWgoQd1AzcknPjcZqrAwuae-Zh-RCUQVQCKgBGAs/s1600/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B05%2B%25282%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_sET8izegac/W-XNfp3UoVI/AAAAAAAAG70/mWgoQd1AzcknPjcZqrAwuae-Zh-RCUQVQCKgBGAs/s640/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B05%2B%25282%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Western wall</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-r8UKwLjMqIU/W-XNfmJJIoI/AAAAAAAAG70/Hy8d_h0Q8L4lMAE1pvT0aYga6X_oB3_cgCKgBGAs/s1600/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B08.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-r8UKwLjMqIU/W-XNfmJJIoI/AAAAAAAAG70/Hy8d_h0Q8L4lMAE1pvT0aYga6X_oB3_cgCKgBGAs/s640/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B08.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pdSW0r0dTKQ/W-XOFxTFWqI/AAAAAAAAG78/XQtezgr8lt8vkDFEIb1pHS47bbA7WxICgCKgBGAs/s1600/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B07.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pdSW0r0dTKQ/W-XOFxTFWqI/AAAAAAAAG78/XQtezgr8lt8vkDFEIb1pHS47bbA7WxICgCKgBGAs/s640/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B07.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The dome</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HWuYOSK_rS8/W-XOPXZ_dxI/AAAAAAAAG8A/RUh2QFJoXrQN2rvc3oGFKleFB5t-Nh9KgCKgBGAs/s1600/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B06.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HWuYOSK_rS8/W-XOPXZ_dxI/AAAAAAAAG8A/RUh2QFJoXrQN2rvc3oGFKleFB5t-Nh9KgCKgBGAs/s640/Mosque%2Bin%2BAmka%2B06.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Over 25 years the abandoned mosque looks quite the same way. Only the destruction process speeded up: the entrance to the Prayer hall is damaged, the east wall partly collapsed, as well as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> in the south wall. Though the damages are not disastrous, the monument is in danger. The fallen wreckage with rubbish are heaped in front of the entrance to the mosque.</div>
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From time to time the organization <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zochrot">Zochrot</a> organizes <a href="https://zochrot.org/en/tour/52033">excursions</a> for refugees and their descendants in village ‘Amqa. Though we did not see any Muslim traces in the mosque.</div>
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<i>Route</i>. There is a turn from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_70_(Israel)">Highway 70</a> to a road leading to Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amka">‘Amqa</a>. You should pass the settlement till the eastern suburbs where there stands the abandoned mosque on the waste land.</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RY5ZqRYqEHA/W-XOsI1zTTI/AAAAAAAAG8I/CdDLUAz1rEQoAgbL2wW3wqlsIUgKfa_ZACLcBGAs/s1600/Amka%2Bmosque%2Bair%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="973" data-original-width="1277" height="486" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RY5ZqRYqEHA/W-XOsI1zTTI/AAAAAAAAG8I/CdDLUAz1rEQoAgbL2wW3wqlsIUgKfa_ZACLcBGAs/s640/Amka%2Bmosque%2Bair%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 20.08.15</div>
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°58'38.2"N 35°10'05.0"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.977281,%2035.168061&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oDkAAAAAYAAJ&hl=no&pg=PA23&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Guérin 1880, Galilée II, 23</a>; Khalidi 1992, 5; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 93</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/4/site/1087">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Mosque in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bassa">al-Bassa</a></b></div>
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<b>مسجد في البصةا</b></div>
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<b>מסגד בבצת</b></div>
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A. Petersen commented this mosque as follows, “<i>This appears to be a fairly modern construction, probably built in the early 1900s. It consists of a tall square room with a flat roof supported by iron girders. At the north-east corner is a short cylindrical minaret. There are tall pointed windows on all four sides and a mihrab in the middle of the south wall. At present the building is used as a sheep pen</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 111</a>).</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/ND0W6_YzN7TYgiqukXT9e5WUDht1V1Ptv1Xsh8GMKtdml5MIQaoo4THUlCWwkBO4W4PtDyZGaDNsZfq_SfSoglxbXyF6gJuwLV7lGK0FjYWVmhJbCRMhaGwhs0c3e3GQ8Q=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/ND0W6_YzN7TYgiqukXT9e5WUDht1V1Ptv1Xsh8GMKtdml5MIQaoo4THUlCWwkBO4W4PtDyZGaDNsZfq_SfSoglxbXyF6gJuwLV7lGK0FjYWVmhJbCRMhaGwhs0c3e3GQ8Q=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/RH0-gMCsKCUxBOcw4dTMOI1Wy1TCOI2BICEXDCZ5ASZjY86JkdTAuFr6wW5yhkZX2RAVBAMqqTRFwldbcPJRXseU_fISPNxEEZWrvpWoXdDszX1ksL6aAkmJE2MOpgcV=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/RH0-gMCsKCUxBOcw4dTMOI1Wy1TCOI2BICEXDCZ5ASZjY86JkdTAuFr6wW5yhkZX2RAVBAMqqTRFwldbcPJRXseU_fISPNxEEZWrvpWoXdDszX1ksL6aAkmJE2MOpgcV=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now this moque is located in the Industrial zone <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shlomi,_Israel">Shlomi</a>, 50 m to the west from Maqam al-Khidr (see Section <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2018/10/7-maqams-galilee-and-golan-heights.html">7. Maqams. Galilee and the Golan Heights</a>). In the the 1990s there was also a sheep pen, now the mosque is used like it was meant for. The Muslims restored it, installed a gutter, put a lock on the door and totally enclosed all the windows with iron bars and curtains. The majority of time the mosque is blocked. Only sometimes when Muslim pilgrims come there, the mosque is open and a prayer is exercised there. </div>
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It is strange that the Muslim took care of the mosque, but they forgot about their own shrine – Maqam al-Khidr, which is located nearby, over a street. This maqam keeps destroying. </div>
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<i>Route</i>. You can reach the mosque via Highway 899, which passes through Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shlomi,_Israel">Shlomi</a>. At the central crossroad you should turn to the north, to the Industrial zone.</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ep55OBZrXPI/W7y_MGE3jMI/AAAAAAAAGes/XVyxlhQqhR0ZHfQREBHtowyY_rrcKK7kACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Bassa%2Baerial.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="991" data-original-width="1281" height="494" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ep55OBZrXPI/W7y_MGE3jMI/AAAAAAAAGes/XVyxlhQqhR0ZHfQREBHtowyY_rrcKK7kACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Bassa%2Baerial.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 33°04'42.4"N 35°08'33.6"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=33.078445,%2035.142665&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: Khalidi 1992, 6–9; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 111</a><br />
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<b>Mosque in al-Ghabisiya</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في الغابسية</b></div>
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<b>מסגד בע'אבסייה</b></div>
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Former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghabisiyya">al-Ghabisiya</a> is famous for its mosque. Even <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> was among those who was enchanted by the high cypresses standing in the yard. Now there is only one cypress in the yard. The French explorer noted that the building as you see was built partly from ancient materials often found on the territory (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oDkAAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">Galilee II 30</a>). According to Guérin, the mosque was established during the times of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina">‘Ali Pasha</a>, before 1818.
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RH-NwsKjyJQ/VeiV-vG-YtI/AAAAAAAAFCU/HO3EbHxdzdEN8UE9XBY1XiMunshwwIXQACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RH-NwsKjyJQ/VeiV-vG-YtI/AAAAAAAAFCU/HO3EbHxdzdEN8UE9XBY1XiMunshwwIXQACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FBx5cSIpiR8/VeifwqgU5YI/AAAAAAAAFDw/rq7GD19cPqMI3_clFlFcdSSUv-oRg67RwCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B14.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FBx5cSIpiR8/VeifwqgU5YI/AAAAAAAAFDw/rq7GD19cPqMI3_clFlFcdSSUv-oRg67RwCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B14.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GQyTOTCyNbQ/VeiV9pvZEHI/AAAAAAAAFCI/LY_PbO81lpUWRzBbOYTObhdgRNOJ9TvEwCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GQyTOTCyNbQ/VeiV9pvZEHI/AAAAAAAAFCI/LY_PbO81lpUWRzBbOYTObhdgRNOJ9TvEwCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the soth-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZWPlq6X_iTk/VeiYwlbWMYI/AAAAAAAAFCg/Fmdfm3wa9ac0KZ0Gxpe0auYELbUtTuLxACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZWPlq6X_iTk/VeiYwlbWMYI/AAAAAAAAFCg/Fmdfm3wa9ac0KZ0Gxpe0auYELbUtTuLxACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The north-eastern corner of the yard</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HxPSPFKo-Rc/VeiZXOKn0hI/AAAAAAAAFCw/1ia0gTB21JA9wO7rQN17cfHCNMMaqkcowCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HxPSPFKo-Rc/VeiZXOKn0hI/AAAAAAAAFCw/1ia0gTB21JA9wO7rQN17cfHCNMMaqkcowCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Here goes A. Petersen's description of the mosque, “<i>The mosque consists of a large (10m x 30m) rectangular walled complex built around a central courtyard. The complex is entered through a doorway in the west wall of the enclosure. The paved courtyard contains a cistern, date palms, and a tall cypress tree (presumably one of those seen by Guerin in the 1860s). At the north end of the courtyard is a vaulted room presumably used for religious education. A staircase built into the thickness of the west wall of the compound leads up to the roof.</i><br />
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<i>At the south end of the courtyard is a tall portico (riwaq) divided into three cross-vaulted bays. At the back of the east and west bays there are windows (one on each side) opening from the prayer hall of the mosque. A single doorway in the back of the central bay of the portico leads into the prayer hall. Both the windows and the doors are covered with shallow round arches.</i><br />
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<i>The interior of the prayer hall is a rectangular space with a dome covering the central area and two narrow cross-vaults covering the two side areas. The dome is supported by arches springing from tall thin piers. There is a plain mihrab centrally placed in the south wall and the remains of a fixed stone minbar. The east and west walls are each pierced by two windows, one near floor level and one at roof level. In addition there is a rectangular window above the mihrab</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 140</a>).<br />
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There is a plain mihrab centrally placed in the south wall and the remains of a fixed stone minbar</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FnNvxnyCoUg/VeibfSJJRDI/AAAAAAAAFC8/6BHzt1qeFB8p6bRuFXsf-LUWNSWmJqI9QCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FnNvxnyCoUg/VeibfSJJRDI/AAAAAAAAFC8/6BHzt1qeFB8p6bRuFXsf-LUWNSWmJqI9QCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The east wall</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jAWfXZQ7Y-E/Veib52D_EpI/AAAAAAAAFDM/LojBcMx9ZyQOWmFcookV6wYaqMt4LYjBACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jAWfXZQ7Y-E/Veib52D_EpI/AAAAAAAAFDM/LojBcMx9ZyQOWmFcookV6wYaqMt4LYjBACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The dome</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EOWcwEYpy18/Veied8BTRwI/AAAAAAAAFDY/BY_Cby4OaS0zqW1tg8TZKJjILZVwCe-xACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EOWcwEYpy18/Veied8BTRwI/AAAAAAAAFDY/BY_Cby4OaS0zqW1tg8TZKJjILZVwCe-xACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Ghabisiya%2Bmosque%2B11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now there there is only a cistern and one cypress in the mosque's yard. The palm trees that A Petersen mentioned were destroyed, though there is a piece of palm tree trunk in the north-eastern corner of the yard. The doorway in the west wall which was used as the entrance to the yard, is now blocked with an iron shield. Anyway, we managed to get to the yard over the half-ruined south wall. You still can use the stone stairs to climb up to the roof where you can observe a picturesque view of the seashore flatland. But you should move carefully there.<br />
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When al-Ghabisiya was abandoned, the Israeli Arabs attempted to restore the mosque a few times and make it appropriatge for pray, but the authorities do not allow to proceed any works. For more details read <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghabisiyya">Wikipedia</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--koC_qWzPrk/W-ZZ6ajT6iI/AAAAAAAAG8g/obEp9GGG1WcUcpYTAQkY141_OLn7KZubACLcBGAs/s1600/Ghabisya%2Bmosque%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--koC_qWzPrk/W-ZZ6ajT6iI/AAAAAAAAG8g/obEp9GGG1WcUcpYTAQkY141_OLn7KZubACLcBGAs/s640/Ghabisya%2Bmosque%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. Former Palestinian village al-Ghabisiya was located on the hill 1 km to the north from current village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Danun">Sheikh Danun</a>. To reach the mosque you should turn from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_70_(Israel)">Highway 70</a> (77th km) to the track road which starts at the entrance of the present Jewish cemetery.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 20.08.15<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 33°00'03.2"N 35°09'02.6"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=33.000874,%2035.150730&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oDkAAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">Guérin, Galilee II 30–31 </a>; Khalidi 1992, 15; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 140</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/4/site/950">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Mosque in Hunin</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مسجد في هونين</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>מסגד בהונין</b></div>
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The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem">Crusading</a> castle Castellum Novum (now Mezudat Hunin) was partly turned by Muslims into a mosque: thay changed a bit inner rooms and added a minaret. An Arabic inscription found in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunin">Hunin</a> says that the mosque was built in the mid 19th century. Though M. Sharon who published this inscription, thinks that it is another mosque built in the village (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1d8xHcor0psC&pg=PA109&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">2007, 109</a>). As a majority of the South Lebanon residents, the residents of Hunin were <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam">Shiites</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/iehiUN-pcpWoNRYh9CvcTapUXAAcf_4CA1rYy7_S2pJ1OwhhFZsCjsKbWBx0AjMj0ResyjPMVRt_T4e2DA6CsEFjTC8gCDRPsHsL4GmYiSrniYNt5wEOga01QnbfgPvfcA=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="600" height="440" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/iehiUN-pcpWoNRYh9CvcTapUXAAcf_4CA1rYy7_S2pJ1OwhhFZsCjsKbWBx0AjMj0ResyjPMVRt_T4e2DA6CsEFjTC8gCDRPsHsL4GmYiSrniYNt5wEOga01QnbfgPvfcA=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/2SPAknlqvdTjzYPZe6HWslc8ADaKkOLXIYwaRkpR78VcDYPNAmtkaFZnQnXzs1qsfD5ixImSL-qS_1Z4WR11QsWGqZbczUqid7w9smGL7htmLx3tC7PKWSnbejDW3hST=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="802" data-original-width="800" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/2SPAknlqvdTjzYPZe6HWslc8ADaKkOLXIYwaRkpR78VcDYPNAmtkaFZnQnXzs1qsfD5ixImSL-qS_1Z4WR11QsWGqZbczUqid7w9smGL7htmLx3tC7PKWSnbejDW3hST=s16383" width="638" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_van_de_Velde">Ch. Van de Velde</a> was the first who mentioned about the mosque, when he was in Hunin in 1851, “<i>There is a half ruined mosque with a small tower at the southeastern comer of the edifice, outside the walls of the citadel. This mosque is ornamented with carved work, and two marble stones have on them Arabic inscriptions, carved in haul-relief</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/narrativeajourn00veldgoog#page/n198/mode/1up">1854, I 169</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> added to the description of the mosque, “<i>A small mosque, half-restored, and decorated with an octagonal minaret topped with a lamp for eight windows. Twenty water reservoirs are placed in the yard</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oDkAAAAAYAAJ&%20hl=no&pg=PA371&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Galilee, II 371</a>).<br />
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Photo of 1898 (from the book by L. Gautier)</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iXBRydsFTlU/XAhHF681rMI/AAAAAAAAHDs/1U9TOllSREUWO7m52iP7t5byzm2-43ywgCLcBGAs/s1600/Hunin%2Bmosque%2B1898.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1264" data-original-width="1600" height="504" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iXBRydsFTlU/XAhHF681rMI/AAAAAAAAHDs/1U9TOllSREUWO7m52iP7t5byzm2-43ywgCLcBGAs/s640/Hunin%2Bmosque%2B1898.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A. Petersen visited Hunin in 1993 when the mosque has completely disappeared, “<i>The mosque stood opposite the castle gatehouse and has now entirely disappeared. Photographs taken during the Mandate period show that the building was already in ruins, although a tall octagonal minaret was still standing (Plates 114–115). An inscription (now lost) found within the mosque referred to the construction of the building in 1166 H. (1752–1753 C.E.). The area is now covered with trees</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 150</a>).<br />
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<i>Route</i>. You may reach Mezudat Hunin by taking Road 9977 (before Margaliot crossroad) and turn to the asphalt road leading to moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaliot">Margaliot</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mNxazOe_vII/W-bo3F3R2OI/AAAAAAAAG8s/jdf-mtEQdPg2lQ8g0w3OQPOqkqzEvw19ACLcBGAs/s1600/Hunin%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mNxazOe_vII/W-bo3F3R2OI/AAAAAAAAG8s/jdf-mtEQdPg2lQ8g0w3OQPOqkqzEvw19ACLcBGAs/s640/Hunin%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jcPruVEl7zk/W-bpCN_Gh0I/AAAAAAAAG8w/FvP50_-TKhA8oNpHyNqDHDetpx5dRLZoQCLcBGAs/s1600/Hunin%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="510" data-original-width="762" height="428" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jcPruVEl7zk/W-bpCN_Gh0I/AAAAAAAAG8w/FvP50_-TKhA8oNpHyNqDHDetpx5dRLZoQCLcBGAs/s640/Hunin%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 05.10.11<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>Coordinates</i>: 33°13'14.9"N 35°32'39.9"E</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=33.220801,%2035.544420&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/narrativeajourn00veldgoog#page/n198/mode/1up">Van de Velde 1854, I 169</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog#page/n418/mode/1up">Robinson 1856, 371</a>; <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oDkAAAAAYAAJ&%20hl=no&pg=PA371&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Guérin, Galilee, II 371</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/palestineetsyri00baedgoog#page/n466/mode/1up">Baedeker 1882, 403</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/details/souvenirsdeterre00gautuoft/page/321">Gautier 1898, 321</a>, <a href="https://archive.org/details/souvenirsdeterre00gautuoft/page/323">323</a>; Khalidi 1992, 454–455; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 150–151</a>; <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1d8xHcor0psC&pg=PA109&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sharon 2007, 109</a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Mosque in Ijzim</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في إجزم</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>מסגד באיג'זים</b></div>
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A mosque in former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijzim">Ijzim</a> is referred to the most beautiful and biggest religious buildings inactive since 1948. Now all the entrances to the mosque are not just closed, but welded up tightly to prevent any invasion inside.<br />
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A few travelers of the past mentioned this mosque in their travel notes. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> who visited Ijzin in 1863 “<i>noticed in the doorway of the mosque a marble column taken from an ancient building</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n325/mode/1up">Samarie II 300</a>). In the early 19th century E. Mulinen visited Ijzim and took a few photos of the mosque, and one of them was published in Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesd01landgoog#page/n221/mode/1up">XXXI 203</a>). At the at time the mosque was still active.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sfprQVMswbM/W-cN5AZ1VJI/AAAAAAAAG9M/QFG37qlNt8Qp4mZ9q0xC48kg-vU2AqMVwCLcBGAs/s1600/P1010034.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sfprQVMswbM/W-cN5AZ1VJI/AAAAAAAAG9M/QFG37qlNt8Qp4mZ9q0xC48kg-vU2AqMVwCLcBGAs/s640/P1010034.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1908 (from the DPV)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sELPgzlErIk/W-cPX81cHXI/AAAAAAAAG9s/SwTjp2yVf0Ey4SXeUiN9W0N9ahlpSBP1gCLcBGAs/s1600/Ijzim%2Bmosque%2B1908%2BMulinen.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="477" data-original-width="380" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sELPgzlErIk/W-cPX81cHXI/AAAAAAAAG9s/SwTjp2yVf0Ey4SXeUiN9W0N9ahlpSBP1gCLcBGAs/s400/Ijzim%2Bmosque%2B1908%2BMulinen.jpg" width="316" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1966</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VE9O7lmaXFo/W-cPYC_T_UI/AAAAAAAAG9w/6FgHV2AY1pQz02bFvr-dQlBXM_W6MwjzgCLcBGAs/s1600/Ijzim%2Bmosque%2B1966.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="852" height="424" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VE9O7lmaXFo/W-cPYC_T_UI/AAAAAAAAG9w/6FgHV2AY1pQz02bFvr-dQlBXM_W6MwjzgCLcBGAs/s640/Ijzim%2Bmosque%2B1966.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1987 (from the book by W. Khalidi)</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AajM4CxeSIE/W-cPbwidplI/AAAAAAAAG-A/j67U10cVc5gs0yKHev3nm9oQog2OoE9mACLcBGAs/s1600/Ijzim%2Bmosque%2B1987%2BKhalidi.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1001" data-original-width="1205" height="530" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AajM4CxeSIE/W-cPbwidplI/AAAAAAAAG-A/j67U10cVc5gs0yKHev3nm9oQog2OoE9mACLcBGAs/s640/Ijzim%2Bmosque%2B1987%2BKhalidi.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1994 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f1Gp74ZPs1k/W-cPbXrq44I/AAAAAAAAG98/4wI1sRqlwk41aPSoFNJvNFarnUleN6kowCLcBGAs/s1600/Ijzim%2Bmosque%2B1994.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="823" height="398" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f1Gp74ZPs1k/W-cPbXrq44I/AAAAAAAAG98/4wI1sRqlwk41aPSoFNJvNFarnUleN6kowCLcBGAs/s640/Ijzim%2Bmosque%2B1994.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of the mosque (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eJ2fYnUPo1E/W-cPbOl4_XI/AAAAAAAAG-Q/w3Efyh8PFpYbl2aakzSMNRKh1NmMemkqACEwYBhgL/s1600/Ijzim%2Bmosque%2Bplan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="722" height="510" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eJ2fYnUPo1E/W-cPbOl4_XI/AAAAAAAAG-Q/w3Efyh8PFpYbl2aakzSMNRKh1NmMemkqACEwYBhgL/s640/Ijzim%2Bmosque%2Bplan.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In 1994 A. Petersen carefully watched all the rooms of the mosque and made a description as follows, “<i>This is a large courtyard complex standing on the slope of the hill to the north of the 'castle'. The mosque is built on a terrace which on one side is over 4m high. The complex comprises four main elements; the courtyard, the prayer hall, an arcade, and a range of other rooms.</i><br />
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<i>The courtyard has two gateways, one from the north, and the other on the south side facing the 'castle'. The courtyard is a rectangular (19.45m x 12.2m) area paved with large flagstones. On the west side of the courtyard is the arcade, to the south the prayer hall, and to the east a range of rooms. At the south-east corner of the courtyard is a set of covered steps leading up to the roof. The north side of the courtyard is bounded by a low (1m) enclosure wall with a gate at the east end. In the north-west corner of the courtyard is an entrance to a deep cistern.</i><br />
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<i>The arcade comprises three domed bays opening on to the courtyard. On the west side of the arcade is a wall with a pair of windows for each bay. At the south end of the arcade is a mihrab with flanked engaged pilasters with carved foliate capitals. At the north end of the arcade is a window looking over the Carmel.</i><br />
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<i>The entrance to the prayer hall is a very prominent feature flanked by two plain arched windows. The door panel is set within a rectangular frame, containing a shallow niche, with a trefoil arch at the top, which in turn contains the rectangular doorway. The outer edge of the arch is outlined by a billet moulding. In the tympanum of the arch is an inscription and two panels of low relief carving above. At the apex of the arch is a formalized depiction of a vase with flowers, below this is a rectangular panel of geometric decoration consisting of interlocking diagonally positioned squares. The inscription is on a marble panel which appears to be larger than the space originally intended (it is possible that this is a replacement of an earlier inscription). The panels consists of six lines of naskhi inscription in two rows with the date 1226 H. (1811–1812 C.E.) in a separate cartouche below. Either side of the date is a five-pointed star and a cypress tree.</i><br />
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<i>The prayer hall is a large rectangular space (14m x 7.35m) with a large central vault and two side vaults. The apex of each vault is decorated with a star pattern containing a central raised dome. The mihrab in the centre of the south wall is of similar design to the external mihrab with columns either side of a wide niche</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 152, 154</a>).<br />
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The Archaeological Survey of Israel has following information: “<i>The village mosque, constructed in the Ottoman period of limestone blocks and kurkar stones, stands to the north of the building. Its entrance (1.4 × 2.0 m) leads to an expansive courtyard; an ancient marble column (in secondary use) was fixed at the threshold. The courtyard is paved with limestone slabs and surrounded by structures on three sides. Near the entrance is a dedicatory inscription in Arabic: “The mosque was renovated by Mas‘ud, patriarch of the Mahdi family, in the year 1236 AH” (1821 CE). The inscription clearly replaces an earlier one. Above it is a short Arabic inscription: “In the name of the merciful and compassionate Allah”. The prayer hall is located to the right of the courtyard’s entrance. The mihrab, in the south wall of the prayer hall, is constructed of two pillars topped by basket capitals. There is no minaret; the muezzin called the faithful to prayer from the mosque roof, ascended via a staircase consisting of 26 steps. On the south side of the mosque’s courtyard — a prayer hall, whose roof is supported by two columns</i>”.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BRQTVq0DS_Q/W-cN57sOXlI/AAAAAAAAG9g/v6BM22iJH-I00uG3ZclbfhC1lnB19AqVQCEwYBhgL/s1600/P1010038.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BRQTVq0DS_Q/W-cN57sOXlI/AAAAAAAAG9g/v6BM22iJH-I00uG3ZclbfhC1lnB19AqVQCEwYBhgL/s640/P1010038.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Unfortunately, all this is now impossible to observe. When coming around the blocked mosque from the northwestern side, you can see overwhelming massiveness of the building.<br />
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You cannot say that the mosque is subject to destruction, but a few crashes might have happened inside the mosque. It is known that in 1949 moshav Kerem Maharal was established on the place of Palestinian Ijzim, and the first settlers lived in the mosque, later it was used as a storage.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. The abandoned mosque is located in the centre of modern moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerem_Maharal">Kerem Maharal</a>, where ha-Tel and ha-Khan street cross. There is no sign about this.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v4YP_u2Ou3M/W-cPY_A3zbI/AAAAAAAAG-I/aTvb9FCWQlYtdDvd9ULSOZaMMomBudjrwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Ijzim%2BKerem%2BMaharel%2Bmosque%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v4YP_u2Ou3M/W-cPY_A3zbI/AAAAAAAAG-I/aTvb9FCWQlYtdDvd9ULSOZaMMomBudjrwCEwYBhgL/s640/Ijzim%2BKerem%2BMaharel%2Bmosque%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 18.08.15<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°38'42.9"N 34°59'19.9"E</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.645252,%2034.988873&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n325/mode/1up">Guérin, Samarie II 300</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde29deut#page/188/mode/1up">DPV XXX 189 (Mülinen 1908)</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesd01landgoog#page/n221/mode/1up">DPV XXXI 203 (Mülinen 1908, 196–)</a>; Khalidi 1992, 165; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 152</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/5/site/1170">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Mosque in Khirbet Bassum</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مسجد في هربت باسوم</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>מסגד בחרבת אבצם</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> who visited Khirbet Bassum in 1863 described it as an abandoned village (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n278/mode/1up">Galilée I 265</a>), and it still stays so. Consequently, a mosque saved there has also been abandoned at least for 1.5 century As A. Petersen says, “<i>This is a rectangular domed structure built into the hillside. There is a low entrance in the middle of the north wall. The doorway leads directly into a central domed area with a mihrab in the south wall. Either side of the domed area are vaulted galleries, each of which is approximately 5m long</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 111</a>).<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XS53pbKZc4U/VpwFTIZKznI/AAAAAAAAF1c/DyduQ4VME0o0xSvnfM88eiZtx5J85WUHgCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XS53pbKZc4U/VpwFTIZKznI/AAAAAAAAF1c/DyduQ4VME0o0xSvnfM88eiZtx5J85WUHgCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-prc65YTZHC8/VpwFSMc4QiI/AAAAAAAAF1U/QenoOLjDDlA9ZU69_OqPCWovqIfIjdT0ACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-prc65YTZHC8/VpwFSMc4QiI/AAAAAAAAF1U/QenoOLjDDlA9ZU69_OqPCWovqIfIjdT0ACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ye4eM4oB618/VpwFqbWW-5I/AAAAAAAAF1w/jz9p0vOpZkc3N490da__uAd2GKtpVM-WACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ye4eM4oB618/VpwFqbWW-5I/AAAAAAAAF1w/jz9p0vOpZkc3N490da__uAd2GKtpVM-WACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mosque consists of black basalt stones – a usual building material of the eastern part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilee">Galilee</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Heights">Golan Heights</a>. Somewhere there left whitewash which covered the wall and dome of the mosque. There are Hebrew inscription on the inner and outer walls.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YPKKM4dDvug/VpwFpQLVc5I/AAAAAAAAF1k/DVsVZobQPzI2ggHASi77FA5ZJUhtUeUhQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1197" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YPKKM4dDvug/VpwFpQLVc5I/AAAAAAAAF1k/DVsVZobQPzI2ggHASi77FA5ZJUhtUeUhQCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B05.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
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The e<span style="text-align: center;">a</span>st side</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Kj45LeajP5E/VpwFrD5OpfI/AAAAAAAAF10/4mc2pf33__k7ZkAyI-HrHo3Hxsl4NjC3gCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Kj45LeajP5E/VpwFrD5OpfI/AAAAAAAAF10/4mc2pf33__k7ZkAyI-HrHo3Hxsl4NjC3gCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The west side</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rg4RB3T2bN0/VpwFzNUQYhI/AAAAAAAAF18/LYcMMAHqricEb0mHfISCB_dkvvyQaemYQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rg4RB3T2bN0/VpwFzNUQYhI/AAAAAAAAF18/LYcMMAHqricEb0mHfISCB_dkvvyQaemYQCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Bassum%2Bmosque%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Modern Jewish authors are trying to attribute this structure to the Biblical history. Namely, it is supposed to consider it as the tomb of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jael">Jael, wife of Heber the Kenite</a>, though nothing in this structure tells about a cenotaph being there. Anyway no measures regarding judaisation of this mosque were taken.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. A 3 km track road leading from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yavne%27el">Yavne'el</a> to the north-west, to Khirbet Bassum (Hebrew: Horvat Evtzam) is almost not accessible for a car. Though we managed to reach it, it's better to take a jeep to move on such a road.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dly8MdR9Yp8/W-dimCm8CoI/AAAAAAAAG_I/HxohT8TvJyYqNDvsi5sE0fBCbK4WQobdwCLcBGAs/s1600/Bassum%2Bmosque%2Bair%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1015" data-original-width="1283" height="504" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dly8MdR9Yp8/W-dimCm8CoI/AAAAAAAAG_I/HxohT8TvJyYqNDvsi5sE0fBCbK4WQobdwCLcBGAs/s640/Bassum%2Bmosque%2Bair%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2EwaC2nHvdA/W-dilBOLAvI/AAAAAAAAG_E/sJEZa_dDk4wLmVH0kdyh3iKrK98LZ0H5QCLcBGAs/s1600/Bassum%2Bmosque%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2EwaC2nHvdA/W-dilBOLAvI/AAAAAAAAG_E/sJEZa_dDk4wLmVH0kdyh3iKrK98LZ0H5QCLcBGAs/s640/Bassum%2Bmosque%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 21.08.15<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°43'58.5"N 35°28'56.2"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.732911,%2035.482267&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n278/mode/1up">Guérin 1868, Galilée I 265</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 111</a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Mosque in al-Manshiya</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مسجد في المنشية</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>מסגד במנשייה</b></div>
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In 1945 the locals of Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Acre">al-Manshiya</a> (nearby <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre,_Israel">Acre</a>) built a new spacious mosque with a beautiful white dome. But they had only 3 years to pray in this mosque. In 1948 al-Manshiya was taken by the Israeli troops, and he residents left the village.<br />
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The abandoned mosque remained intact. Now it is located in the new quartal of Israeli town Akko. The local authorities are trying to keep this mosque safe, as well as other historic and cultural monuments in the different part of the town.<br />
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/N-J5B9HMOErwDsyvHjMfz5USTyefRJNDck8n_9ojbQ9HbHFlsxKAZHm4RcR4qN1Dn7rME4O0ku3vifp5Qmhqxjf3bB9W-_SZXYorLjFI5Q8JvD6Tugp8101GJIyCN0pxvQ=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/N-J5B9HMOErwDsyvHjMfz5USTyefRJNDck8n_9ojbQ9HbHFlsxKAZHm4RcR4qN1Dn7rME4O0ku3vifp5Qmhqxjf3bB9W-_SZXYorLjFI5Q8JvD6Tugp8101GJIyCN0pxvQ=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/zrwBFqnNz5PBn1CNvbGsCYXoWB_5RlcO4rDCMw33H9Nkjx_yFmWmp6wQelrg2GNxCrgvCjSP1XdJn-QIxzFdR-8YcvqyACD00J4YAxDKCrc7u4P9C0pjMLB1vYI7g8pvAg=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/zrwBFqnNz5PBn1CNvbGsCYXoWB_5RlcO4rDCMw33H9Nkjx_yFmWmp6wQelrg2GNxCrgvCjSP1XdJn-QIxzFdR-8YcvqyACD00J4YAxDKCrc7u4P9C0pjMLB1vYI7g8pvAg=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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However, it wasn't the only bad luck for the mosque. In 2006 the Jewish religious extremists set the mosque on fire, and it was in fire till the fire brigade came. After that the municipality of Acre the mosque was walled with a metal bar fence without a gate or any other entry.<br />
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But that did not spot the extremists. In 2010 the mosque was again desecrated. A Hebrew inscription “Kill the Arabs!” appeared on its white dome. The photos of the desecrated mosque were printed in newspapers. The municipality painted this inscription and set a new very high metal bar fence.<br />
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Photo of 2010. Inscription on its dome saying on Hebrew “Death to Arabs!”</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ddatlFnSTbE/W-uv185SYmI/AAAAAAAAG_8/TOrvvxLSaYwDDygY_b-iDsbPDdmhACq4QCLcBGAs/s1600/Manshiya%2Bmosque%252C%2BAcre%2B2010.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="547" data-original-width="892" height="392" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ddatlFnSTbE/W-uv185SYmI/AAAAAAAAG_8/TOrvvxLSaYwDDygY_b-iDsbPDdmhACq4QCLcBGAs/s640/Manshiya%2Bmosque%252C%2BAcre%2B2010.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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When going round this mosque we saw that it was fully blocked: the entrance from the northern side, and arched windows. It's just a dead brick crypt. Obviously, it was done according the municipality decision.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. Now the territory of the former Palestinian village al-Manshiya is within <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre,_Israel">Acre</a> city, in the quartal which street Yehud Burla is going round of.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b92YiGYKshw/W-t4i9e-sVI/AAAAAAAAG_k/dvBFXPYhGkA-O1g5Te4VAJ69RYnjpDoHwCLcBGAs/s1600/Manshiya%2Bmosque%2Baerial.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="973" data-original-width="1293" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b92YiGYKshw/W-t4i9e-sVI/AAAAAAAAG_k/dvBFXPYhGkA-O1g5Te4VAJ69RYnjpDoHwCLcBGAs/s640/Manshiya%2Bmosque%2Baerial.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 19.08.15<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°55'50.5"N 35°05'23.7"E</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.930690,%2035.089913&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: Zochrot: <a href="http://zochrot.org/uploads/uploads/96d432e02e4e8298f0676621c3d97ccd.pdf">Remembering al-Manshiyya - Acre</a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Mosque in as-Sumayriya</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مسجد في السُميريه</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>מסגד הכפר סמרייה</b></div>
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According to the table set near the abandoned building, this small mosque was built in 1936. That means it was active only for 12 years. Now the entrance to the mosque in the north wall is bricked up. The staircase on the east side of the building leads tho the roof where in the south-west corner there are remains of a small square <i>minaret</i>.<br />
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Photo of 1948</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEj6OKd0gdgD85ObFWXj1BcauWnHfjDeGVPbqF0__UpbvqHTihGCUJ5ZDCjWhOMf22DRXsjs3YrLA98uU02AGwB8sWBycqCmknUXIGxeRlcmJFhQZojaghnSG5fhBzg_CDRDlnZzbVoDVJovmzT06xDW0UQvm_XG6mkf9JmFJ5lwWwjVKw4sKQ=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="879" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEj6OKd0gdgD85ObFWXj1BcauWnHfjDeGVPbqF0__UpbvqHTihGCUJ5ZDCjWhOMf22DRXsjs3YrLA98uU02AGwB8sWBycqCmknUXIGxeRlcmJFhQZojaghnSG5fhBzg_CDRDlnZzbVoDVJovmzT06xDW0UQvm_XG6mkf9JmFJ5lwWwjVKw4sKQ=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi">W. Khalidi</a> visited the former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sumayriyya">as-Sumayriya</a> in 1987 and described it as follows, “<i>One room from the mosque, portions of a building, segments of walls and arches from fallen houses, and graves are all that remain of al-Sumayriyya. The remaining part of the mosque is a square stone building with a flat roof that is supported on girders and crossbeams. It has a round-arched doorway that is presently closed. Most of the site is covered by a forest of eucalyptus trees interspersed with bushes and wild grass. There is a cowshed on the site's northern section. The lands in the vicinity are cultivated by the settlement of Regba</i>” (1992, 31). The explorer did not mentioned about a small Muslim cemetery located to the south from the mosque and now covered with bushes.<br />
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/iFHXJ8LuRjrzTE9hZTpVzdagJbBQNRLYTP2wwYTo64muQIc6b0U_FmFlDQ4owm9nQWP1xQfQ9_R9ih0XCS7bS7d33ynu6oipidhAbtiToEajUIs7OKfZZkDKV6nVwz4=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/iFHXJ8LuRjrzTE9hZTpVzdagJbBQNRLYTP2wwYTo64muQIc6b0U_FmFlDQ4owm9nQWP1xQfQ9_R9ih0XCS7bS7d33ynu6oipidhAbtiToEajUIs7OKfZZkDKV6nVwz4=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
<img height="426" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/5TQlSsoNDIW9uuLvSVN1ZArETT2-IkETPLq9DyKiX2xk0V0Dkw9LSpPc7JBVl-pTHDhyvvwFzU34Yfi31BdlDr3j9IsPzjWrEPijtd4EGBCV1HPlWzBjO81gQ8Ddtlc=s16383" width="640" /><br />
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There are remains of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem">Crusader</a> castle to the north from the mosque.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. Palestinian village as-Sumayriya was located between kibbutz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohamei_HaGeta%27ot">Lohamei ha-Geta'ot</a> and moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regba">Regba</a>. The mosque is well observed from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_4_(Israel)">Highway 4</a>. You can reach it turning from the Highway to the Shopping centre of moshav Regba.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w84eL3wFY9I/W-uQdyud3KI/AAAAAAAAG_w/BBQkutgjMdYEpER7Y3JsB5nc1qvcCbnSwCLcBGAs/s1600/Mosque%2Bin%2Bas--Sumayriya%2Baerial.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="973" data-original-width="1277" height="486" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w84eL3wFY9I/W-uQdyud3KI/AAAAAAAAG_w/BBQkutgjMdYEpER7Y3JsB5nc1qvcCbnSwCLcBGAs/s640/Mosque%2Bin%2Bas--Sumayriya%2Baerial.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 19.08.15<br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°58'18.9"N 35°05'35.6"E</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.971902,%2035.093230&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>References</i>: Khalidi 1992, 30–31</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Mosque in at-Tira</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مسجد في الطيرة</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>מסגד הכפר טירה</b></div>
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Nothing in the exterior of a present synagogue of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirat_Carmel">Tirat Carmel</a> looks loke a former mosque of the Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Tira,_Haifa">at-Tira</a>. The mosque itself was built on the basement of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine</a> church.<br />
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4c9HO_c-0oE/W-xe3ojE51I/AAAAAAAAHAg/tvl_dqv_UuIho6NVXbK4qa5WTIvAncdYACLcBGAs/s1600/Tirat%2BCarmel%2Bsunagogue%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="425" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4c9HO_c-0oE/W-xe3ojE51I/AAAAAAAAHAg/tvl_dqv_UuIho6NVXbK4qa5WTIvAncdYACLcBGAs/s640/Tirat%2BCarmel%2Bsunagogue%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rZ7ogV2Q1EY/W-xe1iTCtpI/AAAAAAAAHAc/S4dYxf-t7xcdCfanY8NF-0HOGwgoSFHIACLcBGAs/s1600/Tirat%2BCarmel%2Bsunagogue%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rZ7ogV2Q1EY/W-xe1iTCtpI/AAAAAAAAHAc/S4dYxf-t7xcdCfanY8NF-0HOGwgoSFHIACLcBGAs/s640/Tirat%2BCarmel%2Bsunagogue%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> visited in 1870, “<i>I first examined a small mosque, which appears to have been formerly a Christian church. Aligned from west to east it has only a single nave and is terminated towards the east by an apse. One enters through a rectangular door crowned by a fine monolithic lintel. This church, which has been constructed with very regular ashlars, is covered by slightly pointed vaults, above which there is a flat terrace roof</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n307/mode/1up">Samarie II 282</a>).<br />
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A. Petersen noted as follows, “<i>A sketch plan of the mosque made in 1932 shows a rectangular prayer hall with a large courtyard to the north. The courtyard had rooms on the west and east sides and was entered through a doorway in the north wall. The entrance to the prayer hall was a door set in an arched recess containing an inscription. The inscription written in provincial naskhi records the construction of the mosque by Ishaq ibn Amir in 687 H. (1288–1289 C.E). The interior of the mosque is divided into six vaulted bays springing from corner piers and resting on two central columns. The columns are capped with reused antique Corinthian capitals</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 306</a>).<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
In the book of D. Pringle there is a photo of this mosque made in 1932</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7Nas0gyHF_c/W-xdQVqci1I/AAAAAAAAHAM/lk9sXQSWKvw09Ib5lmCCQzP6YKmbK9rlACKgBGAs/s1600/Tira%2Bmosque%2B1932.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="454" height="331" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7Nas0gyHF_c/W-xdQVqci1I/AAAAAAAAHAM/lk9sXQSWKvw09Ib5lmCCQzP6YKmbK9rlACKgBGAs/s400/Tira%2Bmosque%2B1932.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The centre of former village at-Tira is a city Park Nahal Galim in the present Tirat-Karmel. The former mosque turned into a synagogue is located in the western pat of the park, on ha-Palmach street.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kCWAFYvY6Gc/W-xffS7jZzI/AAAAAAAAHAs/vl5A8gpMWakIrHZWe2C_SLbjifBb8UhyQCLcBGAs/s1600/Tira%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="973" data-original-width="1277" height="486" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kCWAFYvY6Gc/W-xffS7jZzI/AAAAAAAAHAs/vl5A8gpMWakIrHZWe2C_SLbjifBb8UhyQCLcBGAs/s640/Tira%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 18.08.15<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°45'40.8"N 34°58'28.9"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.761361,%2034.974672&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n307/mode/1up">Guérin, Samarie II 282</a>; Pringle 1998, II 371; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 306</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7615481,34.974443,3a,75y,125.19h,92.72t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sN0TSNU4m7uhlVft8hE_WZA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama</a></div>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-88333419188402842072018-11-02T16:38:00.001-07:002020-09-07T19:49:25.448-07:0011b. Lost shrines. North<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Only one out of 24 Muslim shrines (including Bedouin ones), which <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottlieb_Schumacher">G. Schumacher</a> saw in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Heights">Golan Heights</a>, remained intact till present time. It is the shrine of sheikh Marzuk (see Chapter <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2018/10/7-maqams-galilee-and-golan-heights.html">7. Maqams. Galilee and the Golan Heights</a>). The other shrines vanished completely.<br />
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<span style="text-align: justify;">A huge building of the <b>Tomb of sheikh (or nabi) Abu an-Nida</b> topped a volcanic Mount called Avital. This shrine was seen by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Burckhardt">J. L. Burckhardt</a> in 1812 (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zC4VAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA314&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1822, 314</a>). The mountain in Arabic is called <i>Tell Abu an-Nida</i>. “Nida” means “dew”.<br />
<br />G. Schumacher described the tomb as follows, “<i>The highest point of the Tell takes in the large Wely, or Makam Abu en-Neda. This is 38 feet long, 21 feet broad, 8 feet high, and has two whitewashed cupolas that can be seen in the whole country. The sepulcher of the great Moslem saint lies enveloped in silken cloth in the southern division of the building. In the afternoon the view from this Makam is magnificent, but in the morning thick misty clouds arise from the crater and obscure the whole country till 10 o'clock in the morning</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/jaulansurveyedf00schu#page/249/mode/1up">1888, 249</a>). The mountain Received such mane due to this morning humidity.<br />
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“<i>There is also a curious piece of antiquity to be found on the roof of the Wely Abu en-Neda, viz., the peculiar image, 2 feet 3 inches high, of a bird, which is fashioned in basalt, and reminds one of Egyptian or Persian art. Unfortunately the head is wanting</i>.” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/jaulansurveyedf00schu#page/250/mode/1up">1888, 250</a>).</div>
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A picture from G. Schumacher's book</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GSs1hqU1t1E/W9zM88T_ihI/AAAAAAAAG28/mBKO9V6v4dMLY9P14zjPvA2qDEW2yOiWACLcBGAs/s1600/Tell%2BAbu%2Ban-Neda%2B1888.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="328" data-original-width="788" height="266" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GSs1hqU1t1E/W9zM88T_ihI/AAAAAAAAG28/mBKO9V6v4dMLY9P14zjPvA2qDEW2yOiWACLcBGAs/s640/Tell%2BAbu%2Ban-Neda%2B1888.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Fragment of the map of 1913</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9WRafCrUMHk/W9zM-snAGDI/AAAAAAAAG3A/PNWdi8NNIigXtA2XTUxsi-ch9PKNOFW3ACLcBGAs/s1600/Tell%2BAbu%2Ban-Neda%2Bmap%2B1913.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="870" data-original-width="1113" height="500" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9WRafCrUMHk/W9zM-snAGDI/AAAAAAAAG3A/PNWdi8NNIigXtA2XTUxsi-ch9PKNOFW3ACLcBGAs/s640/Tell%2BAbu%2Ban-Neda%2Bmap%2B1913.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Tomb [of nabi] Abu an-Nida. Photo of 1968</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-j7VatiAIHe0/W9zYkHsH_bI/AAAAAAAAG3Q/cLPF9iO3jW4ASB2DrXrgSlVLC_hKFIwzwCLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BAbu%2Ban-Neda.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="313" data-original-width="450" height="277" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-j7VatiAIHe0/W9zYkHsH_bI/AAAAAAAAG3Q/cLPF9iO3jW4ASB2DrXrgSlVLC_hKFIwzwCLcBGAs/s400/Nabi%2BAbu%2Ban-Neda.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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The tomb [of nabi] Abu an-Nida has been probably existing up tot he <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War">Six-Days War</a> in 1967, when the Golans Heights weere captured by Israel .Since then an Israeli military base has been established on the top of Tell Abu an-Nida, with mine fields around it. Anyway, according to military reports about the Golans during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War">Yom Kippur War</a> in 1973, – the Musim shrine wasn`t mentioned in the descriptions of the Israeli positions in Tell Abu an-Nida.</div>
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Now the access to Mount Avital is blocked by Israeli officers. When looking at the top of the mountain which is densely built with military structures, one may think it is unlikely that something from the previous times could be saved.<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 33°06'30.9"N 35°47'38.3"E<br />
<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on </span><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=33.108570,%2035.793974&spn=0.021051,0.0315&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zC4VAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA314&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Burckhardt 1822, 314</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/jaulansurveyedf00schu#page/249/mode/1up">Schumacher 1888, 194, 249–251</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/351/mode/1up">Palästina-Vereins IX, 351</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/2140/site/21477">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C">Mount Avital Nature Reserve</a><br />
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<span style="text-align: justify;">Mount </span><span style="text-align: center;">Avital. Photo of 1967</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_9NHKhFRg14/XOiXj-jR1gI/AAAAAAAAHQE/GA6Z4bknz5YgpfCwsF_uXCkR-azazJBcACLcBGAs/s1600/Avital%2BMount%2B1967.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="635" height="502" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_9NHKhFRg14/XOiXj-jR1gI/AAAAAAAAHQE/GA6Z4bknz5YgpfCwsF_uXCkR-azazJBcACLcBGAs/s640/Avital%2BMount%2B1967.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">Mount </span>Avital</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pgh_Pg6XRYo/W9zZDzCsPSI/AAAAAAAAG3Y/UbqEhx7aIa8nLXV9X5-YxJzVEF0h5LtXACLcBGAs/s1600/Avital%2Bmount.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="687" data-original-width="1024" height="428" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pgh_Pg6XRYo/W9zZDzCsPSI/AAAAAAAAG3Y/UbqEhx7aIa8nLXV9X5-YxJzVEF0h5LtXACLcBGAs/s640/Avital%2Bmount.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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On <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Peres">Mount Peres</a> (Arabic: Tell al-Faras) there also was a Muslim shrine – the <b>Tomb of nabi Hasan al-Jezzar</b>. “<i>One of the most peculiar volcanoes of Jaulan, and which, as an isolated mountain, visible from a far distance, has been already frequently mentioned by travellers. Its highest point in the south-east reaches a height of 3,110 feet (above sea level, and 787 feet above the surrounding plain), and on this top is the unadorned Moslem tomb, the Makam en-Nabi Hasan al-Jezzar, and a graveyard belonging to the Bedawin. The oval crater of the Tell which is still very distinctly preserved, opens towards the north. Between the Makam and the nouth of the crater the depth amounts to 108 feet. This latter has an opening of 18 feet by a depth of several feet; the natives call it Mugharah (cave), and often dig there for supposed treasure</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/jaulansurveyedf00schu#page/254/mode/1up">Schumacher 1888, 254</a>).<br />
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On the aerophoto of Tell al-Faras made by the Israeli officers in 1967 and 1973, neither maqam, nor cemetery could be identified. Probably they had not existed by that time. Probably they had not existed by that time. Now on the top of Mount Peres is an Israeli military base.<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°57'34.6"N 35°51'57.5"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on </span><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.959608,%2035.865971&spn=0.021051,0.0315&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a><br />
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Mount Peres</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mUfIfInvcZg/W-cLKsr_fjI/AAAAAAAAG9A/J9mmkO1lnuMzU_4DWEVZlUzfQ2mou8oTwCLcBGAs/s1600/P1010007.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mUfIfInvcZg/W-cLKsr_fjI/AAAAAAAAG9A/J9mmkO1lnuMzU_4DWEVZlUzfQ2mou8oTwCLcBGAs/s640/P1010007.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Another shrine <b>Tomb of nabi al-‘Aqqashi</b> was located on Mount ‘Iqqesh (Arabic: Tell al-‘Aqqasha). G. Schumacher described it as follows: “<i>A volcano with a destroyed crater opening to the west The slopes are overgrown with oak underwood, and the highest summit (3,480 feet above sea level) with splendid oaks, which overshadow the tomb of the much-esteemed Nebi el-'Akkasheh, a nominal brother-in-law of Muhammed. The Wely has a cupola on a superstructure 15 feet square ; the tomb itself is covered with green silk cloth. An ancient infirm Sheikh watches over the sacred remains, and served us as a guide-book for the country. The Circassians bury around the Wely</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/jaulansurveyedf00schu#page/252/mode/1up">1888, 252–253</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEi-oMfmKgQOMU60IDfUN_yoS8puo0aGlbAehI9qfPhkWUQBVd9OYBNI9rsapIW2SjpV2taONozXXZQ3EiHR8GSGlcYANpM0F4WLcSLhmdHe3-82O31Jy4ZmKQttzXhs0y02vk9K8fXfuL7O3p8qYWZP02RGAqF8NIAIKBH_HJajdzMej_M_JQ6x5O-Gpw31VMyT8G9mXyYiR-i6haxv-or8Ri5NSKakPnKDW6NW7m1VpBm7zoKT0ata8i1HK4gUr9L_br8v1IZdGuQK5wuhyySrfg=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="722" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEi-oMfmKgQOMU60IDfUN_yoS8puo0aGlbAehI9qfPhkWUQBVd9OYBNI9rsapIW2SjpV2taONozXXZQ3EiHR8GSGlcYANpM0F4WLcSLhmdHe3-82O31Jy4ZmKQttzXhs0y02vk9K8fXfuL7O3p8qYWZP02RGAqF8NIAIKBH_HJajdzMej_M_JQ6x5O-Gpw31VMyT8G9mXyYiR-i6haxv-or8Ri5NSKakPnKDW6NW7m1VpBm7zoKT0ata8i1HK4gUr9L_br8v1IZdGuQK5wuhyySrfg=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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The site was surveyed by C. Epstein in 1967: “<i>An extinct volcano in the shape of a hill that rises above the surrounding area with a vantage that looks out into the distance. The entire site is covered with diverse vegetation, especially oak trees. Most of the area was used for generations as a burial place, particularly after a tomb was hewn there for the famous Sheikh ‘Akasha. Many others were interred there so as to be close to his tomb</i>” (<a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/2139/site/21476">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>).<br />
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After 1973 on Mount ‘Ikkesh there was an Israeli bunker (now abandoned), which was built on the place of the tomb of nabi al-`Aqqashi.<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 33°01'50.9"N 35°51'49.3"E<br />
<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=33.030805,%2035.863685&spn=0.021051,0.0315&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a><br />
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<span style="text-align: left;">About Tell ash-Sheiban G. Schumacher commented on it: “<i>An isolated mountain, with a demolished crater and oak trees, in the west of Jaulan. Its peak (3.021 feet above sea level) is crowned by the fallen-in square, Wely esh-Sheban, the tomb of a Moslem saint</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/jaulansurveyedf00schu#page/256/mode/1up">1888, 256</a>). After 1973 an Israeli bunker which replaced a Muslim cemetery and the <b>Tomb of sheikh ash-Sheiban</b> (33°07'20.3"N 35°43'17.7"E).</span><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@33.12259,35.7209458,3a,75y,106.55h,80.92t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN417JhZRu7PqrZZQV2t5btbYV3MvEpnndUod3N!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN417JhZRu7PqrZZQV2t5btbYV3MvEpnndUod3N%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya33.67088-ro-0-fo100!7i2508!8i1253">Panorama</a></div>
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All these shrines were located on the volcanic of the Golan Heights and had the same destiny. During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War">Six-Day War</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War">Yom Kippur War</a> these mountains were considered as strategic heights and were used for the troops needs.</div>
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Though the destiny of the rural shrines were no better. The <b>tomb of nabi Yunis</b> disappeared totally in former village Jibin (32°47'22.2"N 35°45'54.2"E). As G. Schumacher said, “<i>West of the village we find the paltry sepulchre of the wood saint, Neby Yunis, with a small court</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/jaulansurveyedf00schu#page/163/mode/1up">1888, 163</a>).<br />
(<a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/42/site/5752">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>)</div>
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The <b>maqam of sheikh Jafar</b> was located in the village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiq,_Syria">Fiq</a> (32°46'33.9"N 35°42'04.0"E), where Israeli kibbutz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afik">Afik</a> was established in 1972. According to G. Schumacher, “<i>Wely Jafer — The tomb of the wood saint of Fiq, with a beautiful terebinth</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/jaulansurveyedf00schu#page/268/mode/1up">1888, 268</a>). Israeli archeologists found the remains of a village mosque, but no trace of <i>wely</i> or maqam were found.</div>
<span style="text-align: left;"></span><span style="text-align: left;">(<a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/38/site/5095">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>)</span></div>
https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-26727523155279096912018-10-20T19:28:00.007-07:002021-11-02T14:47:32.404-07:009. Maqams. Judean Desert and Negev<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Maqam [sheikh] Hasan ar-Ra‘i</b></div>
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<b>مقام حسن الرعيعي</b></div>
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<b>מקאם א-רעי</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">T. Canaan</a> writes in his book on the Palestinian Muslim shrines, “<i>Many a built maqam is an open sanctuary, where the walls of the roof rest on pillars. The best example of such a shrine is that of Hasan er-Ra'i, who was supposed to have been the shepherd of the prophet Moses. Inside of a rectangular enclosure, built of stones and mortar, we see an elongated and vaulted roof which rests on six pillars, three to the north and three to the south. Between these pillars is the large tomb</i>” (<a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/31j">1927, 17–18</a>).</div>
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Then T. Canaan says, “<i>Between the two northern vaults of the shrine of Hasan er-Ra‘i (near the Nebi Musa) we read: "Mohammed Pasha, the doer of good, has erected this blessed qubbeh on Hasan er-Ra‘i, God sanctify his secret, as he (the Pasha) was returning from welcoming the Mohammedan pilgrims. He proceeded in building but found no water. But because of his high zeal, God protect him, the water was brought to the place from the village of Jericho. Thus he deserved the heavenly reward. The 1 Rabi‘ 1110 (1698 AD)"</i>” (<a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/34j">1927, 20</a>).</div>
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Now there is no this inscription there. The maqam's walls and columns have been plastered and painted a few times, and now they are covered with different inscriptions left by numerous pilgrims and tourists.</div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/XE19o7HGodG37L7-HRcU_2SXSLK0fh4QUzpKPhztiCp9Q_c5wLn_vJIhJ6K_IKtjpfo_F19VT5YFeGkkfydwbKSVo3Ho4tC3Mo2n4ZK5hiE-0ZjiKZwl3kcaRDlJQ-SCVw=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/XE19o7HGodG37L7-HRcU_2SXSLK0fh4QUzpKPhztiCp9Q_c5wLn_vJIhJ6K_IKtjpfo_F19VT5YFeGkkfydwbKSVo3Ho4tC3Mo2n4ZK5hiE-0ZjiKZwl3kcaRDlJQ-SCVw=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1934</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/Jgrvduw5i0EZyzNB10QywBtVyrWj8rAunarvvEV-SlvaCmejxKcrRkt1tQf1Hv8JaS0N2Pc33dITXwZFH9l794vghW2Yd1ZI9t8BMGA7LnE7VbgCDTPXsFpTXpsUT0M6=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="998" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/Jgrvduw5i0EZyzNB10QywBtVyrWj8rAunarvvEV-SlvaCmejxKcrRkt1tQf1Hv8JaS0N2Pc33dITXwZFH9l794vghW2Yd1ZI9t8BMGA7LnE7VbgCDTPXsFpTXpsUT0M6=s16383" width="622" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1934</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s0m7vdO1VH8/XBWYdF-eGtI/AAAAAAAAHIY/f3DF8t_T3Hwr5CBVY21t1UkVjd_VZYZ2gCLcBGAs/s1600/Hasan%2Bar-Rai%2Btomb%2B1934%2Binterior.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="988" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s0m7vdO1VH8/XBWYdF-eGtI/AAAAAAAAHIY/f3DF8t_T3Hwr5CBVY21t1UkVjd_VZYZ2gCLcBGAs/s640/Hasan%2Bar-Rai%2Btomb%2B1934%2Binterior.jpg" width="616" /></a></div>
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Since 19th century, this shrine has been quite popular with visitors. Apparently, this tomb was seen by the Russian traveler <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre%C3%AF_Mouraviov">A. Muravyov</a>, passing in 1830 through Nabi Musa. In his book, he noted: “<i>Near the monastery of dervishes (Nabi Musa) are the tombs of two sheikhs with a fresh spring for passing</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5EJWsv3r7e0C&printsec=PP1&pg=PA27#vonepage&q&f=false">1840, II 27</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> who visited the maqam in 1863, described it as follows, “<i>At 10:10 we are passing a small fence with the wely in the centre. The welly is topped with two little domes and, also covers the remains of the saint. This kurgan chapel is called Qabr ar-Ra‘i. Ar-Ra‘i is a friend for the Muslims and a confidant of Nebi Musa or Moses</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr05gugoog#page/n33/mode/1up">Samarie I 20</a>).</div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">C. Clermont-Ganneau</a> says, “<i>the kubbeh of a small wely, called Kubbet er ra‘y, “the shepherd's cupola." Here, according to local tradition, rests Sheikh Hasan, the "Shepherd of Moses"</i>” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/48/mode/1up">ARP II 48</a>). Ar-Ra‘i is derived from Arabic and means “shepherd”.</div>
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This shrine played an important role in a seven-day religious celebration (the Nabi Musa Festival), that was celebrated annually by Palestinian Muslims, beginning on the Friday before Good Friday in the old Greek Orthodox calendar.</div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5f3d7JSb8Ms/XBWY31Rs2RI/AAAAAAAAHIw/CWLjVlTRdYUvt7CE5xvt0AZGbsz1CgeRwCLcBGAs/s1600/Hasan%2Bar-Rai%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="1106" height="354" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5f3d7JSb8Ms/XBWY31Rs2RI/AAAAAAAAHIw/CWLjVlTRdYUvt7CE5xvt0AZGbsz1CgeRwCLcBGAs/s640/Hasan%2Bar-Rai%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The cenotaph</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ferd7h0Ofyc/XBWZ6Ig-YjI/AAAAAAAAHJA/-q9lAedXoSsQ3YHxQAZRSvJE41GR-iJBACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_3081.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ferd7h0Ofyc/XBWZ6Ig-YjI/AAAAAAAAHJA/-q9lAedXoSsQ3YHxQAZRSvJE41GR-iJBACLcBGAs/s640/IMG_3081.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab in the south side of a rectangular fence</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-toeAJ_BQUEI/XBWZ5fPEsII/AAAAAAAAHI8/amUexAJh67IlY5ZAY0JoakaZOiVWJ-GtACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_3085.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-toeAJ_BQUEI/XBWZ5fPEsII/AAAAAAAAHI8/amUexAJh67IlY5ZAY0JoakaZOiVWJ-GtACLcBGAs/s640/IMG_3085.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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What is more, T. Canaan noted that Qabr er-Ra‘i has three mihrabs (<a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/28j">1927, 14</a>). Nowadays there is one <i>mihrab</i> in the maqam, which is located in the south side of a rectangular fence (15 x 10 m). According to Canaan, “<i>Earth gathered from Qabr er-Ra‘i dissolved in water and given to cattle will guard them from disease</i>” (<a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/121j">1927, 110</a>).</div>
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam is located 850 m to the south-west from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Musa">Nabi Musa</a>. You can reach it via an asphalt road. Since 1995 the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> have been taking control over the religious complex Nabi Musa and nearby shrines.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 06.08.18</div>
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 31°46'52.0"N 35°25'29.6"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.781107,%2035.424881&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5EJWsv3r7e0C&printsec=PP1&pg=PA27#vonepage&q&f=false">Muravyov 1840, II 27</a>; <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q-waAAAAYAAJ&printsec=PP1&pg=PA172#v=onepage&q&f=false">Saulcy 1853, II 172</a> (“oualy Qobr-er-Raay”); <a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr05gugoog#page/n33/mode/1up">Guérin, Samarie I 20</a> (“Kabr er-Ra’ai”); <a href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/231/mode/1up">SWP III 231</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/48/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 48</a> (“Kubbet er ra‘y”); <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/28j">Canaan 1927, 14</a>, <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/31j">17–19</a>, <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/34j">20</a>, <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/115j">105</a>, <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/121j">110</a>, <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/209j">199</a> (“Qabr er-Ra‘i”); <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/78/site/12926">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.781821,35.425899,3a,52.6y,231.04h,59.92t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO3IrUgB_T2KBc9jZ4eRTA9SS0SONrvlnEXTbOj!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO3IrUgB_T2KBc9jZ4eRTA9SS0SONrvlnEXTbOj%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya329.29657-ro-0-fo100!7i9558!8i4779">Panorama</a></div><br />
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<b>Maqam sitna ‘Aisha</b></div>
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<b>مقام سيتة عايشة</b></div>
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<b>קבר סתנא עיישא</b></div>
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Sitna (i.g. Lady) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisha">‘Aisha</a> was a beloved wife of Muhammad the Prophet. She was titled Umm al-Muminin (“the mother of the faithful”). She was worshipped by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam">Sunnites</a> as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith">hadith</a> (the stories of the Prophet's life). She was traditionally buried at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Baqi%27">Jannat al-Baqi‘</a> cemetery in Medina. But also there is a tomb of sitna ‘Aisha in Palestine, nearby the shrine of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Musa">Nabi Musa</a>, to the east from Jerusalem.</div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/gkL5gXflNmWu2gS6KvCd2ZVesvuxGMdd7-gSrbYyv7EoZQ5HGI9kGwCNtJSIpNmoejTkGJBpLW2d2TuHzQY2rpC-bUCnVXdO06o36cCYVZg1DnY2X3aWIH4hWbl327vVKg=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1236" height="396" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/gkL5gXflNmWu2gS6KvCd2ZVesvuxGMdd7-gSrbYyv7EoZQ5HGI9kGwCNtJSIpNmoejTkGJBpLW2d2TuHzQY2rpC-bUCnVXdO06o36cCYVZg1DnY2X3aWIH4hWbl327vVKg=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/iuV_tjYwRhHEGkusX-HXEVnhY2QLoHLU4TvuSInENd-kd8IoXmS6-tPwm90-A9SsArvUF3Q7tHPkgllpUcN8L1dqIlBxVbl7j7MXxVWiygPOLDKlxwqTo3qrWeETtsmD=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1532" data-original-width="2048" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/iuV_tjYwRhHEGkusX-HXEVnhY2QLoHLU4TvuSInENd-kd8IoXmS6-tPwm90-A9SsArvUF3Q7tHPkgllpUcN8L1dqIlBxVbl7j7MXxVWiygPOLDKlxwqTo3qrWeETtsmD=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">T. Canaan</a> called this shrine a <i>masjid</i> (mausoleum) and described it as follows, “<i>Masdjid sittna ‘Aisha in the neighborhood of Nabi Musa has vault resting on four comer pillars, where the south side has been completely closed, and the eastern and western only partly built. A simple, square handsome building with the northern side completely opened, and the east and west sides partly open, stands on the site of the old enclosure. No tomb, cistern nor tree is connected with this place</i>” (<a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/32j">1927, 18</a>, <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/74j">61</a>).</div>
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Photo of 1900s</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QSFj0yvdxwg/XBWg-mScBfI/AAAAAAAAHJU/A3sU_T6M2_ky0rAOh7aeXiay1JF9fzN_QCLcBGAs/s1600/Sitna%2BAysha%2B1900.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1108" data-original-width="1600" height="442" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QSFj0yvdxwg/XBWg-mScBfI/AAAAAAAAHJU/A3sU_T6M2_ky0rAOh7aeXiay1JF9fzN_QCLcBGAs/s640/Sitna%2BAysha%2B1900.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1918</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/tdx3ZP0Um94J67zjY1hOxdTXHu9VTDf91poeXEWxOlSOL-aEJt6XBu7UhEvk-JL42YK3JRH5YjWkZfYgIlSujmtIGPstAYCkHOQ5t7jXnM6p8vPerjp4Pyi5oQxHLVA=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="494" data-original-width="640" height="494" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/tdx3ZP0Um94J67zjY1hOxdTXHu9VTDf91poeXEWxOlSOL-aEJt6XBu7UhEvk-JL42YK3JRH5YjWkZfYgIlSujmtIGPstAYCkHOQ5t7jXnM6p8vPerjp4Pyi5oQxHLVA=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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This description corresponds to what we see nowadays, though the structure was partly reconstructed. The building of the maqam can be dated to the 2nd half of the 19th century. Beautiful vaulted arches support the dome of the shrine. A small <i>mihrab</i> and the south wall are densely covered with Arabic inscriptions left by numerous pilgrims.</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/nrrIumJEr8T9YRmeUk7P6qUHoddHmrC_btpWn_VXUICnzlez-7iqM_n--zw47ac78144uUQP8uk7dr-RSeIYMFWNpVTgvhvw3neGjyNbqmSgJlBh3fP7-6C-3YFr4zMriA=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/nrrIumJEr8T9YRmeUk7P6qUHoddHmrC_btpWn_VXUICnzlez-7iqM_n--zw47ac78144uUQP8uk7dr-RSeIYMFWNpVTgvhvw3neGjyNbqmSgJlBh3fP7-6C-3YFr4zMriA=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lEDHg746FjY/XBWipPetZ1I/AAAAAAAAHJk/qXCRceiC_AE1KKzzQEiOfbRtW5jV7l6fACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_3070.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lEDHg746FjY/XBWipPetZ1I/AAAAAAAAHJk/qXCRceiC_AE1KKzzQEiOfbRtW5jV7l6fACLcBGAs/s640/IMG_3070.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The dome</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XXi5iWMtsp8/XBWime-t7gI/AAAAAAAAHJg/_IMCMAvw2-wrzV3VoJIa1lE6gtcY0EjCQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_3072.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XXi5iWMtsp8/XBWime-t7gI/AAAAAAAAHJg/_IMCMAvw2-wrzV3VoJIa1lE6gtcY0EjCQCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_3072.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Near the maqam there is a big Muslim cemetery, where you can see huge cenotaphs and tombstones. T. Canaan described this cemetery, “<i>a cemetery, where those are buried who die during festival days. Notables who die in Jericho are very often brought here, and the ‘Idwan tribesmen of Transjordania bury some of their dead also in this cemetery. They count it a special blessing to be interred near this man of God</i>” (<a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/204j">1927, 194</a>).</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzkPmWuCldnCKNzqYay-LaZWioRmgt-s0Nnqz3uZdKI8-OydoUTK6OF6B78uwCJKnPsP_zDDa2VXKRR1_LEhg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The tomb of sitna ‘Aisha is located in 300 m to the east from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Musa">Nabi Musa</a>.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 06.08.18<br />
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 31°47'08.3"N 35°26'02.1"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.785631,%2035.433920&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/32j">Canaan 1927, 18</a>, <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/74j">61</a>, <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/115j">104</a>, <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/204j">194</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/78/site/12927">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
<div><i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/place/ChIJ40lvf_8yAxURtfXCGOUTl1Y/@31.7852633,35.4316617,3a,15y,76.16h,86.81t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipOqyVyQSaPbTk-46uFpyuI32rBbA4r-ZflkjRF6!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOqyVyQSaPbTk-46uFpyuI32rBbA4r-ZflkjRF6%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s107541251718649648289!3m1!1e1?hl=com">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7868366,35.4314003,3a,15y,334.43h,84.32t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMYtnYUCTi4Gp3_jvDJPeRzqPl7CPfNMxHL8eqP!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMYtnYUCTi4Gp3_jvDJPeRzqPl7CPfNMxHL8eqP%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya334.8796-ro-0-fo100!7i7070!8i3535?hl=com">Panorama 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@31.787133,35.432941,3a,16y,165.46h,69.8t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN9uv62r4ZM--stENUupUiRMGaSbpbPwolg7XfZ!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN9uv62r4ZM--stENUupUiRMGaSbpbPwolg7XfZ%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya33.364902-ro-0-fo100!7i9556!8i4778!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Panorama 3</a></div><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Mas‘ud</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ مسعود</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' מסעוד</b></div>
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The maqam of sheikh Mas‘ud near Arabic city <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drijat">Drijat</a>, on the top of Khirbet ad-Dereijat (Hurvat Dragot) is now the southernmost of the remaining Palestinian maqams.</div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> who visited Khirbet ad-Dereijat on July 20th, 1863, noticed “<i>a few caves, natural and artificial, where the nomad tribes were still living</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n203/mode/1up">Judee, III 190</a>). V. Gueren did not mentioned any shrine as well as a cemetery on the top of the hill.</div>
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This cemetery with the tomb of sheikh Mas‘ud appeared after the establishment of village Drijat, the exact date is unknown. According to the brickwork of the walls, it was built in 1970–1980s. The maqam has quite a modest size (4.75 х 4.75 х 1.80 m) and no <i>mihrab</i> which shows that the building was done in hastiness and with limited means.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9Eflk4Mz9dk/W8vgLsN74GI/AAAAAAAAGvA/hazhd2ad0ygpfNTwkjz6Vy3sB7wswqxPQCLcBGAs/s1600/Masud%2Bsheikh%2B%2528Drijat%2529%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9Eflk4Mz9dk/W8vgLsN74GI/AAAAAAAAGvA/hazhd2ad0ygpfNTwkjz6Vy3sB7wswqxPQCLcBGAs/s640/Masud%2Bsheikh%2B%2528Drijat%2529%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VBUl9XV9os8/W8viigjTOFI/AAAAAAAAGvs/54duzFNbOq4TPuVCXNKIxrvKhkVjQcu8gCLcBGAs/s1600/Masud%2Bsheikh%2B%2528Drijat%2529%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VBUl9XV9os8/W8viigjTOFI/AAAAAAAAGvs/54duzFNbOq4TPuVCXNKIxrvKhkVjQcu8gCLcBGAs/s640/Masud%2Bsheikh%2B%2528Drijat%2529%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FF3rThdJCfE/W8vgL-vMW0I/AAAAAAAAGvQ/nbUdTC-ICxYaN19R79kMgn2HsttN-iTIACEwYBhgL/s1600/Masud%2Bsheikh%2B%2528Drijat%2529%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FF3rThdJCfE/W8vgL-vMW0I/AAAAAAAAGvQ/nbUdTC-ICxYaN19R79kMgn2HsttN-iTIACEwYBhgL/s640/Masud%2Bsheikh%2B%2528Drijat%2529%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vHR6SibKQP8/W8vgKslHCvI/AAAAAAAAGvI/bzcXavh04T8j-lesr6RTNOJ7yMjuMQrRACEwYBhgL/s1600/Masud%2Bsheikh%2B%2528Drijat%2529%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vHR6SibKQP8/W8vgKslHCvI/AAAAAAAAGvI/bzcXavh04T8j-lesr6RTNOJ7yMjuMQrRACEwYBhgL/s640/Masud%2Bsheikh%2B%2528Drijat%2529%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aDVvdSNmfwk/W8vgtveHreI/AAAAAAAAGvc/mZS8nz2NsC8lPaY6rgvbQtAYEDC6X52cgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Masud%2Bsheikh%2B%2528Drijat%2529%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aDVvdSNmfwk/W8vgtveHreI/AAAAAAAAGvc/mZS8nz2NsC8lPaY6rgvbQtAYEDC6X52cgCEwYBhgL/s640/Masud%2Bsheikh%2B%2528Drijat%2529%2B08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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There is a small cenotaph inside the maqam. When we were there, the whitewashed walls inside were stained with something like excrements. There were sooth stains on the ceiling.</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vssaxofZc7Q/W8vhxaCOBvI/AAAAAAAAGvo/rGW1KuHqc6oLC_ojIXYsHMQVZF9DAl9pQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Masud%2Bsh%2Bair%2BDraijat.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vssaxofZc7Q/W8vhxaCOBvI/AAAAAAAAGvo/rGW1KuHqc6oLC_ojIXYsHMQVZF9DAl9pQCEwYBhgL/s640/Masud%2Bsh%2Bair%2BDraijat.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzG5zE5mDo2kA7EoWHAe3MZ4If3sWdUZb_WQIvH4hLOKseSQNJK7EO5rCqj-9LGf8fY61JA1xGd2rmK5GHeow' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Route</i>. An asphalt road leads from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_35_(Israel)">Highway 35</a> to town Drijat. The cemetery with the maqam borders the town to the north.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 08.08.18</div>
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 31°18'13.3"N 35°04'42.0"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.303696,%2035.078353&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n203/mode/1up">
Guérin, Judee, III 190</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Nuran</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ نوران</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' נוראן</b></div>
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According to the number of documented uses, mainly in military sources, maqam of sheikh Nuran overcame other Muslim shrines and almost came up with the famous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%27s_Tomb">Rachel's Tomb</a> in Bethlehem and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%27s_Tomb">Joseph's Tomb</a> in Nablus. The matter is that the maqam of sheikh Nuran stands at a strategic position dominating over the neighborhood. Thus the Muslim shrine happened to be in the epicenter of fierce battles twice, in 1917 and 1948.<br />
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A <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%97%27_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg">plate</a> attached to the maqam's wall says (Hebrew), “<i>Sheikh Nuran's tomb was built in the 19th century at the lowest point of the district. It was made of stones taken from the ruins of the archaeological object of the Byzantine period. During the I WW the tomb was used as a Turkish military position and after the British seizure it was renovated as a gift to Bedouins. During the Independence War it has been a Egyptian position until it was occupied during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Assaf">Asaf military campaign</a> (5.12.48). After kibbutz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magen,_Israel">Magen</a> was established (16.8.49), the position was turned into a watchtower</i>”.<br />
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It's worth mentioning that on the first map of this region published by PEF in 1900, the shrine is marked as Nabi (Prophet) Nuran.<br />
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Nuran was an old man and keeper of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarabin_Bedouin">Bedouin tribe Tarabin</a>. There were many legends about him. His name is thought to be derived from Arabic name “nur” – “light”. It was said that the majority of tombs were miscarriage victims or babies who died in their cots. All Bedouins in Negev worshipped this place of a special sanctity.<br />
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During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign">World War I</a> the Turkish people built a railway line and established their positions there trying to hold back the troops of General Allenby. Maqam was severely suffered from bombing. When the British soldiers seized this strategic point in February 1917, they set up camp, built a railroad station and aerodrome.<br />
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After the victory, the Englishmen fully restored sheikh Nuran's maqam. Thus, they acknowledged the Bedouin tribes for their support during the war against Turkey. The illustrative photos were shown to the whole world.<br />
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Photo of 1934</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vX1qzHLTFoY/W8-Wv0tLcqI/AAAAAAAAGww/3V15t0WRM1w5z_Wt1F5qSP43gFLlok-zACEwYBhgL/s1600/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2B1934.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="408" data-original-width="541" height="482" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vX1qzHLTFoY/W8-Wv0tLcqI/AAAAAAAAGww/3V15t0WRM1w5z_Wt1F5qSP43gFLlok-zACEwYBhgL/s640/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2B1934.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Map by PEF 1900</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qLbnlZgFYDg/W8-V5exc51I/AAAAAAAAGwY/NnYCyHTgMJIXDV3XUEGAuaVLkWemPt0gQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Bmap%2B1900.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="848" data-original-width="1228" height="440" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qLbnlZgFYDg/W8-V5exc51I/AAAAAAAAGwY/NnYCyHTgMJIXDV3XUEGAuaVLkWemPt0gQCEwYBhgL/s640/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Bmap%2B1900.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War">1948 Arab-Israeli War</a> the Egyptian soldiers set their position near the maqam. There is a photo evidence of that time. In December Israeli <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golani_Brigade">Golani Brigade</a> took control over the height. The Egyptians tried to fight it back, a few times committed counterattacks, but in vain.<br />
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The Israeli people used the Bedouin's sanctuary as a watchtower or firing point. Next year <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magen,_Israel">Magen</a> kibbutz was established by the Jewish people, where the maqam is kept as a memory about the victory in the 1948 War.
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Photo of 1948</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BTuU3W9kmpY/W8-Wv1mRrMI/AAAAAAAAGw0/GbXrztLgLY4HxyosCQJVn27YNRG6FpOmACEwYBhgL/s1600/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2B1948%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="259" data-original-width="408" height="406" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BTuU3W9kmpY/W8-Wv1mRrMI/AAAAAAAAGw0/GbXrztLgLY4HxyosCQJVn27YNRG6FpOmACEwYBhgL/s640/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2B1948%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1948</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hQmoKsP2lUQ/W8-Wv4_FEMI/AAAAAAAAGws/-l6lZRdjv5AUwLHbWVFOgnOyDeO_8gywQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2B1948%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="750" height="408" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hQmoKsP2lUQ/W8-Wv4_FEMI/AAAAAAAAGws/-l6lZRdjv5AUwLHbWVFOgnOyDeO_8gywQCEwYBhgL/s640/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2B1948%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1948</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i5HfYCZc_G0/W8-WxLb3cXI/AAAAAAAAGw4/CCuH5Og_O4Y-ZKHJ_Plquf1nFWaU0mGewCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2B1948%2B3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="408" data-original-width="650" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i5HfYCZc_G0/W8-WxLb3cXI/AAAAAAAAGw4/CCuH5Og_O4Y-ZKHJ_Plquf1nFWaU0mGewCEwYBhgL/s640/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2B1948%2B3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Jewish did not follow the example of Britishmen and did not restore the maqam. Having been included into the Israeli history, the Bedouin sanctuary is still disfigured. There are 4 balks – pillars of the Israeli watchtower which is set as a wooden hut above the maqam. You can climb up to the hut by stairs through a big round hole cut in the dome of the maqam. Of course, there are no signs of a cenotaph of sheikh Nuran, which was abolished in 1948. What is more, there is no <i>mihrab</i> in the maqam, and probably it hasn't been there since the very beginning.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d2-DCo2kELc/W8-WOr-MZlI/AAAAAAAAGwo/pvbyvXe4ktcXDsBzi63W0lBkDKjA6zy1QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Bsouth-west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d2-DCo2kELc/W8-WOr-MZlI/AAAAAAAAGwo/pvbyvXe4ktcXDsBzi63W0lBkDKjA6zy1QCEwYBhgL/s640/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Bsouth-west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-g-QOvaoM8XA/W8-V8gu34eI/AAAAAAAAGwc/XkkCJTQcm5s_RQZZcLss6loxif72C3EuQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Bnorth-east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-g-QOvaoM8XA/W8-V8gu34eI/AAAAAAAAGwc/XkkCJTQcm5s_RQZZcLss6loxif72C3EuQCEwYBhgL/s640/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Bnorth-east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gru7dIYD_KA/W8-VzccVAfI/AAAAAAAAGwc/20SMrTSCZnIQGccB1AdUIxYkuGGvvzk8gCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Beast%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gru7dIYD_KA/W8-VzccVAfI/AAAAAAAAGwc/20SMrTSCZnIQGccB1AdUIxYkuGGvvzk8gCEwYBhgL/s640/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Beast%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6HEXmXtzaUo/W8-Vzn-C59I/AAAAAAAAGwU/OfPqEC9GCA4AK8ci8lShEZCkqT6aAK7kgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Binterior%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6HEXmXtzaUo/W8-Vzn-C59I/AAAAAAAAGwU/OfPqEC9GCA4AK8ci8lShEZCkqT6aAK7kgCEwYBhgL/s640/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Binterior%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DtYvBNkvUuQ/W8-V-FPSfdI/AAAAAAAAGwg/sNPW9Uuh16IBJ7kMNiKCIwSz3KIshfllgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Bsouth%2Bwell.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DtYvBNkvUuQ/W8-V-FPSfdI/AAAAAAAAGwg/sNPW9Uuh16IBJ7kMNiKCIwSz3KIshfllgCEwYBhgL/s640/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Bsouth%2Bwell.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qKkU5ZCCZ3o/W8-WyPHbdpI/AAAAAAAAGw8/5VVP1wuz3x8TCgk1cWqBAd9E7nsDIH8_gCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qKkU5ZCCZ3o/W8-WyPHbdpI/AAAAAAAAGw8/5VVP1wuz3x8TCgk1cWqBAd9E7nsDIH8_gCEwYBhgL/s640/Nuran%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam is located in the northern outside part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magen,_Israel">Magen</a> kibbutz, which can be reached via Highway 232.<br />
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 31°18'01.0"N 34°25'26.2"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.300289,%2034.423937&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/25j">Canaan 1927, 11</a>; NIG 2001, XIV 222</div>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-8061414751089935572018-10-14T21:49:00.003-07:002024-01-22T11:27:14.173-08:008. Maqams. Samaria<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Tomb of nabi Isma‘il</b></div>
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<b>مقام النبي إسماعيل</b></div>
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<b>קבר נבי ישמעאל</b></div>
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The tomb of nabi Isma’il refers to Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burin,_Nablus">Burin</a> (to the south from Nablus) and was initially called the maqam of sheikh Abu Isma‘il or even Abu Isma‘in. The name kept on to be mentioned in the early 20h century, and the Palestinian map of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottlieb_Schumacher">G. Shumaher</a>.</div>
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During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine">British Mandate</a> sheikh Abu Isma‘in turned into nabi Isma‘il, probably there was an allusion to patriarch <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishmael">Ishmael</a> from the Old Testament. The residents of Burin made such a change in order to attract pilgrims to the tomb, as they got extra revenue from that.</div>
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However, the nearest mountain is called Jebel Abu Isma‘il and in modern booklets the tomb is called Abu Isma‘il shrine (title nabi avoided) (<a href="http://vprofile.arij.org/nablus/pdfs/vprofile/Burin_vp_en.pdf">Burin Village Profile</a>, p. 6). Thus, it is gradually ganging back to the initial name of the shrine.</div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bToAYShqfGM/W8HsoAIJJ8I/AAAAAAAAGlY/ykBP_yaDCNgRA9yXypsiOk2Q12ZxMswmwCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/IMG_3301.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bToAYShqfGM/W8HsoAIJJ8I/AAAAAAAAGlY/ykBP_yaDCNgRA9yXypsiOk2Q12ZxMswmwCPcBGAYYCw/s640/IMG_3301.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EKcxefauhYg/W8Hs7g6Sv_I/AAAAAAAAGls/UK-Pwh00wyQ8mx24ofiFyzlEPBD4q9KbgCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/IMG_3306.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EKcxefauhYg/W8Hs7g6Sv_I/AAAAAAAAGls/UK-Pwh00wyQ8mx24ofiFyzlEPBD4q9KbgCPcBGAYYCw/s640/IMG_3306.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The dome</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kYUv0i2kEtA/W8Hts_6gYHI/AAAAAAAAGmE/wvphVq_X_tIS_0Twf4Ttj1IMYG7_tqJ5wCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/IMG_3307.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kYUv0i2kEtA/W8Hts_6gYHI/AAAAAAAAGmE/wvphVq_X_tIS_0Twf4Ttj1IMYG7_tqJ5wCPcBGAYYCw/s640/IMG_3307.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The structure is quite a prominent building, more than 4 m high, with a dome 1.5 m. The entrance is from the north. The inner plan resembles the tomb of nabi Kifl (see Section <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/2-tombs-of-prophets.html">2. Tombs of the Prophets</a>): the same two interconnecting vaulted chambers, separated with an arch. A small <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> without decorations stands at the south wall in the second chamber. No traces of cenotaph anywhere.</div>
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The shrine is surrounded with stone wall with a few entrances. The northern part of the wall forms a small yard in front of the entrance to the tomb. Nearby the tomb to the west there are a few building of different purposes. Some of them are probably <i>hammams</i> (bathhouses). The shrine is located on the edge of the steep slop of the mountain. It used to be observable from the road to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nablus">Nablus</a>, but now it is hidden in the shadow of trees.</div>
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A small yard in front of the entrance to the tomb</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rmudNXZDeQ0/W8Ht6aBIh0I/AAAAAAAAGmE/Jf2uIJuuorAu5RzAk8CX-a5Vr9X_ilhogCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/IMG_3314.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rmudNXZDeQ0/W8Ht6aBIh0I/AAAAAAAAGmE/Jf2uIJuuorAu5RzAk8CX-a5Vr9X_ilhogCPcBGAYYCw/s640/IMG_3314.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the tomb</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tCdfEBGL8YM/W8HtwQB3HYI/AAAAAAAAGl8/mOQGyqHJsysp9PEE-81PDHjz4b6BVQgKACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/IMG_3319.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tCdfEBGL8YM/W8HtwQB3HYI/AAAAAAAAGl8/mOQGyqHJsysp9PEE-81PDHjz4b6BVQgKACPcBGAYYCw/s640/IMG_3319.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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After, in 1983 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Brakha">Har Brakha</a>, an Israeli
settlement was established as well as an especially advanced outpost Giv'at Sne Ya'akov on Jebel Abu Isma‘il, the residents of Burin lost control over their shrine. The Jewish among the Israeli people perceived that tomb’s name as a reference to Ishmael from the Old Testament, who was the ancestor of Arabs and made a Hebrew inscription on the tomb’s wall: “<i>Eretz Israel (The Land of Israel) is for nation Israel (Jewish), and not for Isma’il (Arabs)</i>”.</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-buQ4h9cGRQA/W8Hwu6TbqrI/AAAAAAAAGmQ/lbgr6W8hzfwwHwYkyV_40pRgwpf1N_caQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Nabi%2BIsmail.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="590" data-original-width="782" height="482" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-buQ4h9cGRQA/W8Hwu6TbqrI/AAAAAAAAGmQ/lbgr6W8hzfwwHwYkyV_40pRgwpf1N_caQCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Nabi%2BIsmail.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Jewish set a few wooden tables and benches and made somewhat like a rest area on the lawn nearby.</div>
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<i>Route</i>. At the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huwwara_checkpoint">checkpoint of Huwwara</a> turn to the road leading to Israei settlement Har Brakha. In 1.3 km at the crossroad turn left and follow a track road 300 m up the tomb.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-E0kl2HrHuD0/W8HrcCEQiZI/AAAAAAAAGlQ/i99loo4Do-g1eN2fcuozbQZi9gRMSdIoACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Nabi%2BIsmail%2BBraha%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-E0kl2HrHuD0/W8HrcCEQiZI/AAAAAAAAGlQ/i99loo4Do-g1eN2fcuozbQZi9gRMSdIoACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Nabi%2BIsmail%2BBraha%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 07.08.18</div>
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 32°10'37.7"N 35°16'06.6"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.177131,%2035.268507&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/190/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 190 (Sheet XI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 137</a>; <a href="http://vprofile.arij.org/nablus/pdfs/vprofile/Burin_vp_en.pdf">Burin Village Profile</a></div>
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<b>Maqam imam ‘Ali (Qusin)</b></div>
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<b>مقام الإمام علي</b></div>
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<b>מקאם אימאם עלי</b></div>
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One more dilapidated Muslim shrine is in Samaria, nearby Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedumim">Kdumim</a>, on the territory of the Industrial zone of this settlement. </div>
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It is the fifth Palestinian maqam of imam ‘Ali, which used to belong to Arabic village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qusin">Qusin</a>. The European explorers of the 19th century knew this shrine and marked it on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund">PEF</a> map of 1879 (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231670048/view">Sheet XI</a>).<br />
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When the maqam turned to be on the Israeli Industrial zone, it became difficult for Plestinian Arabs to visit it.</div>
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The structure is 5.22 x 5.08 m and consists of a domed burial chamber with the entrance on the north side. There is a <i>mihrab</i> in the south wall and a small niche (<i>taqah</i>) for a lighter in the west wall. The interior of the maqam is very simple: there is no vaulted arches or decorations. Though the brickwork witnesses that a building is quite ancient. It can be dated to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>.</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/Zrh9Q5p3t73wcIgbUcUPPV3XhCwLjVzbKDgiwOzL1eYui5EcTa5MasM0ODyY8A3FCaWIhsIEDzbZ4AgJK7U7opUxbcre4cUuw9Z1lR6A7D9_Ep4RUa2h7YXwdL7pBUYdNw=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1383" data-original-width="2048" height="432" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/Zrh9Q5p3t73wcIgbUcUPPV3XhCwLjVzbKDgiwOzL1eYui5EcTa5MasM0ODyY8A3FCaWIhsIEDzbZ4AgJK7U7opUxbcre4cUuw9Z1lR6A7D9_Ep4RUa2h7YXwdL7pBUYdNw=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/F6xNc1RZwG1dsv5Boj-jmzrjleFgsgQYCqeDKlpU0tkjPwjZJoC4X_tN4CTaOMLJemPXQyhSMz14HrnrP6xQ7l6ZeeLy7KcoSdYQNV3qkewN1Lj2y5f29L3r9hQrity2=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1383" data-original-width="2048" height="432" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/F6xNc1RZwG1dsv5Boj-jmzrjleFgsgQYCqeDKlpU0tkjPwjZJoC4X_tN4CTaOMLJemPXQyhSMz14HrnrP6xQ7l6ZeeLy7KcoSdYQNV3qkewN1Lj2y5f29L3r9hQrity2=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ktzKztdAGxc/XBEFC-LpvHI/AAAAAAAAHEc/N-OtUyZH7y4FwaRjTqzeU6_2tA6U2LRQQCLcBGAs/s1600/Imam%2BAli%2B%2528Qusin%2529%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ktzKztdAGxc/XBEFC-LpvHI/AAAAAAAAHEc/N-OtUyZH7y4FwaRjTqzeU6_2tA6U2LRQQCLcBGAs/s640/Imam%2BAli%2B%2528Qusin%2529%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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On the west wall a big <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_of_David">Star of David</a> drawn by the Jewish settlers. There are quite a few Hebrew inscriptions both inside the and outside. There are also some old Arabic inscriptions.<br />
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A slow destruction of the shrine is going on: the wall with the <i>mihrab</i> has partly collapsed, a big hole has appeared in the dome, the west wall has cracked outside.</div>
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Now the floor in the domed chamber is dug up: obviously it was treasure seekers. The dug soil is heaped before the entrance to maqam, and it's challenging to come in. It the remains of a buried saint were kept under the cenotaph, they are also thrown away by the diggers.</div>
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The floor in the domed chamber is dug up</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-imY-ik7RkKA/XBEEwAMZ6yI/AAAAAAAAHEY/fjAXxicZO08NHi74ir7i7toZSP6S5A3cACEwYBhgL/s1600/Imam%2BAli%2B%2528Qusin%2529%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-imY-ik7RkKA/XBEEwAMZ6yI/AAAAAAAAHEY/fjAXxicZO08NHi74ir7i7toZSP6S5A3cACEwYBhgL/s640/Imam%2BAli%2B%2528Qusin%2529%2B08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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On the west wall a big Star of David drawn by the Jewish settlers</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-f_qfLwjoMUM/XBEE-TMuyBI/AAAAAAAAHEg/qK45pOIg0c0T6PqiAZSZQf-C33FXc9NpACEwYBhgL/s1600/Imam%2BAli%2B%2528Qusin%2529%2B09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-f_qfLwjoMUM/XBEE-TMuyBI/AAAAAAAAHEg/qK45pOIg0c0T6PqiAZSZQf-C33FXc9NpACEwYBhgL/s640/Imam%2BAli%2B%2528Qusin%2529%2B09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1M2O0_J-QC4/XBEFQIHZgdI/AAAAAAAAHEs/2IzfO50ryiMIsFtzI2fp2oJDzwccWPy9QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Imam%2BAli%2B%2528Qusin%2529%2B11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1M2O0_J-QC4/XBEFQIHZgdI/AAAAAAAAHEs/2IzfO50ryiMIsFtzI2fp2oJDzwccWPy9QCEwYBhgL/s640/Imam%2BAli%2B%2528Qusin%2529%2B11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-h6dbsNmhlIA/XBEJXZxHh4I/AAAAAAAAHE0/xbSBvDBZDS40jcUsI5daJAu2geLtVZMtwCLcBGAs/s1600/Imam%2BAli%2Bair%2BQusin.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-h6dbsNmhlIA/XBEJXZxHh4I/AAAAAAAAHE0/xbSBvDBZDS40jcUsI5daJAu2geLtVZMtwCLcBGAs/s640/Imam%2BAli%2Bair%2BQusin.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. There are neither signs nor paths leading to the maqam. You can reach it from the Industrial zone or from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_60_(Israel)">Highway 60</a> by following 400 m among the bushes and sharp stones.</div>
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<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.2404574,35.1693955,3a,75y,16.26h,89.43t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s-Q3-ZbPb0kVws2gfWGaTkQ!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">The car stop on Highway 60 and the direction to the maqam</a>.</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyvpAwpXH-GYkYMVhTXLxO6wcr4CU56euc4gvHhtHu5BnlP1u5MkphVRdbyl9HRMkbR29_1IC3-tB167KdN_w' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 07.08.18</div>
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 32°14'35.2"N 35°10'08.0"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.243111,%2035.168889&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/182/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 182 (Sheet XI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 96</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Abdallah (Beit ‘El)</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ عبد الله</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' עבדאללה</b></div>
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The maqam of sheikh ‘Abdallah stands on the territory under control of the Israeli people (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_El">Beit El</a> settlement), and that's why it is an abandoned Muslim shrine.</div>
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The Domed chamber (5.40 x 4.80 x 2.80 m) borders with an <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan">Iwan</a></i>-like room, walls of which are decorated with arched curves (6.80 x 7.40 m). The entrance to this room is through an open arched doorway in the east wall. A cenotaph stands in the middle of this room. At the same time there is a <i>mihrab</i> in the Domed chamber, but no cenotaph. Due to this fact the Domed chamber is also a Prayer room (though it is not clear whether it was originally a Prayer room). A doorway to this room is restored and decorated with tree and dot ornaments. The same red pictures decorate the <i>mihrab</i> in the south wall.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;">View from the east</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKgGxElF1_5o7uMf8m-pXV3_k_vcubeC-qiB4c9XCR8sLI8Jz3-7Hlq1i5JMUAE3-mkSk3hyxKGEc6thCqPTOYm8QjjrL2S_QKHTcue_oGr6-nOyxeAnUJv_3IwRCm1CeNDUmeAbeew1811MpDtqUJ0XZ1u3-Q38DTVZegYgDd6tWsUafhaSOlA92LcFXh/s1269/Abdallah%20sheikh%20(Beit%20El)%20air1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="692" data-original-width="1269" height="341" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKgGxElF1_5o7uMf8m-pXV3_k_vcubeC-qiB4c9XCR8sLI8Jz3-7Hlq1i5JMUAE3-mkSk3hyxKGEc6thCqPTOYm8QjjrL2S_QKHTcue_oGr6-nOyxeAnUJv_3IwRCm1CeNDUmeAbeew1811MpDtqUJ0XZ1u3-Q38DTVZegYgDd6tWsUafhaSOlA92LcFXh/w628-h341/Abdallah%20sheikh%20(Beit%20El)%20air1.jpg" width="628" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">View from the south-west</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNvwnLECZyulssTN2p1HkjT7j_24LUtjQL0hjtLJNSzrlXtTpfPeAr2oz4F5N2mmIJbF40x6ktmg2aAMMtA0edneLdIJF1efXgxxMpcFo_VVzLQq7N4_luMKeL7ojJvhp69D4XouuubnctngUn2irCL4i_unZnHcHxrfa6k-6FKemB29Y_ASkw3F8-j_-i/s1269/Abdallah%20sheikh%20(Beit%20El)%20air2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="692" data-original-width="1269" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNvwnLECZyulssTN2p1HkjT7j_24LUtjQL0hjtLJNSzrlXtTpfPeAr2oz4F5N2mmIJbF40x6ktmg2aAMMtA0edneLdIJF1efXgxxMpcFo_VVzLQq7N4_luMKeL7ojJvhp69D4XouuubnctngUn2irCL4i_unZnHcHxrfa6k-6FKemB29Y_ASkw3F8-j_-i/w627-h342/Abdallah%20sheikh%20(Beit%20El)%20air2.jpg" width="627" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Z9_lW2UTBAM/W8IpfYLitHI/AAAAAAAAGm0/pL4qy96vOukCnxf55H6TeqvPtSlmkZAcQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Z9_lW2UTBAM/W8IpfYLitHI/AAAAAAAAGm0/pL4qy96vOukCnxf55H6TeqvPtSlmkZAcQCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WsHE4fPlz7A/W8IpfdtsWJI/AAAAAAAAGnQ/S9kxMSgKvRgPyuyjafPXwLYozyjWmVxQgCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WsHE4fPlz7A/W8IpfdtsWJI/AAAAAAAAGnQ/S9kxMSgKvRgPyuyjafPXwLYozyjWmVxQgCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jg_87_usF68/W8IpqSSWixI/AAAAAAAAGnQ/x4VajUDIzEYaJgVUbUEXol_ATd6SxgVrQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jg_87_usF68/W8IpqSSWixI/AAAAAAAAGnQ/x4VajUDIzEYaJgVUbUEXol_ATd6SxgVrQCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Domed chamber</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cVo7atdCfJU/W8IprpZswDI/AAAAAAAAGnI/LE5uomdKEXYDFpcQuVQPlXluekOIM9HgwCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cVo7atdCfJU/W8IprpZswDI/AAAAAAAAGnI/LE5uomdKEXYDFpcQuVQPlXluekOIM9HgwCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Iwan</i>-like room</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gTrltXG9Gds/W8IprXH0VnI/AAAAAAAAGnM/SVpJrd-2OPICVm81hPREXkPKqb_oWlUZACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gTrltXG9Gds/W8IprXH0VnI/AAAAAAAAGnM/SVpJrd-2OPICVm81hPREXkPKqb_oWlUZACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Iwan</i>-like room</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-toPVVNUMw2o/W8Ip0vgxrFI/AAAAAAAAGnQ/rPehOy8OcNgNy3V7xI6OgcAxw7_sDAdWQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-toPVVNUMw2o/W8Ip0vgxrFI/AAAAAAAAGnQ/rPehOy8OcNgNy3V7xI6OgcAxw7_sDAdWQCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Entrance to the Domed chamber</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zO_r4jK3MIM/W8Ip2XgNXsI/AAAAAAAAGnU/W8OBN74enZI-gtxQsVRv8-nEmUAWU-XkQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zO_r4jK3MIM/W8Ip2XgNXsI/AAAAAAAAGnU/W8OBN74enZI-gtxQsVRv8-nEmUAWU-XkQCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Mihrab in the Domed chamber</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_8K5qf5wdCI/W8Ip23V-3EI/AAAAAAAAGnY/nBhLQclChG4HqTU4ARzSgMSfN3TXAVZiQCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_8K5qf5wdCI/W8Ip23V-3EI/AAAAAAAAGnY/nBhLQclChG4HqTU4ARzSgMSfN3TXAVZiQCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Cenotaph in the <i>Iwan</i>-like room</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LkhyJ--qj1c/W8Ip6DVH9kI/AAAAAAAAGnc/UGssGUqob24Mv_n5GoRm2pMDDk8LdPvEACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B12.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LkhyJ--qj1c/W8Ip6DVH9kI/AAAAAAAAGnc/UGssGUqob24Mv_n5GoRm2pMDDk8LdPvEACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Abdallah%2Bsh%2BBeit%2BEl%2B12.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Recently the Jewish have set a tradition to worship this land. It is called Khalom Ya'akov (“The dream of Jacob”) or Pigsat Ya’akov (פסגת יעקב) (‘The height of Jacob). It was worshipped as a place where biblical patriarch <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob">Jacob</a> saw his prophet dream (Gen. 28:10–22). The <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?t=865&v=xSCUK8R8Vr8">video</a> of Hgi Ben-Artzi shows how sheikh ‘Abdallah is identified as biblical Jacob, and the maqam is a place of his prophet dream. At the same time the Domed chamber is considered as an early Muslim building, and an adjacent structure – as a orthodox chapel built in the times of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades">Crusaders</a>.<br />
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A Russian <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ljh_RJCIJUU">video</a>.</div>
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We did not find in the maqam anything related to crusaders. It is a typical Muslim tomb, built in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>. Its construction is very similar to the maqam of sheikh Ahmad al-Hubani in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaean_Mountains">Judaean Mountains</a> and sheikh Muhammad al-Musli in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jura">al-Jura</a> (see Chapters <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/3-maqams-judaean-mountains.html">3</a>, <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/5-maqams-coastal-plain.html">5</a>). The fact that Jewish tombs of period of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple">Second Temple</a> were in the area along with the traces of an ancient settlement proves that this place was habitable very long ago.</div>
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Our video about the maqam</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxgObvlnHfdmDd3mVBNcIA5Br16HNvobH3FbMAwgWCYJD8GyscIrGaEsKQUgUlzzxER1CM1kraTPbJdklf1Fw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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An overall condition of the monument isn't satisfying. A part of the west wall of the big chamber collapsed, the destruction of the dome in the burial chamber also started.</div>
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A holy oak tree grows near the maqam, and its dependent branches are carefully supported with metal buttresses, the tree itself is surrounded with a fence. It's obvious that the tree is treated much better than the Muslim shrine.</div>
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A holy oak</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ENHO9itVQqk/W8I3qAOwWSI/AAAAAAAAGno/EP0UjD04fZ46rgPic6ctHthJnAMINcI1gCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/P1010072.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ENHO9itVQqk/W8I3qAOwWSI/AAAAAAAAGno/EP0UjD04fZ46rgPic6ctHthJnAMINcI1gCPcBGAYYCw/s640/P1010072.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KioLTnK65oY/W8I7-Oo8XoI/AAAAAAAAGn0/YNAZQIKTNNwqcHVQPQzQsSE_EygUHgqywCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Abdallah%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2BBeit%2BEl.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KioLTnK65oY/W8I7-Oo8XoI/AAAAAAAAGn0/YNAZQIKTNNwqcHVQPQzQsSE_EygUHgqywCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Abdallah%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2BBeit%2BEl.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam can be reached through Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_El">Beit El</a> (northerneast direction) or through Ha-Mesila street up to Khalom Ya'akov. There is a parking with a small monument. The maqam is behind this parking.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 14.08.15</div>
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 31°56'58.5"N 35°13'55.3"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.949572,%2035.232040&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/242/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 242 (Sheet XIV)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 137</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/116j">Canaan 1927, 105</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9496054,35.2320268,3a,75y,221.29h,61.39t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMKyludhFoY9eOJRkybeBLXdqvJ-isxoYflsz7w!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMKyludhFoY9eOJRkybeBLXdqvJ-isxoYflsz7w%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya312.30612-ro-0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9495574,35.2322268,3a,75y,193.13h,90.62t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPvF-CO1swTvbkHsePEzloPXbMfSYEajmE-xEkt!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPvF-CO1swTvbkHsePEzloPXbMfSYEajmE-xEkt%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya99.27832-ro-0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352">Panorama 2</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Abu Isma‘il</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ أبو إسماعيل</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אבו ישמעאל</b></div>
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It is a domed structure which is located on the rock hill a bit to the north from Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budrus">Budrus</a> (from Greeck “Petros”). On the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund">PEF</a> map it is marked as the Tomb of sheikh ‘Obeid Rahil (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231670378/view">Sheet XIV</a>, Jr). The name sheikh Abu Isma‘il appeared on the maps during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine">British Mandate</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> commented on the two places near Budrus, “<i>two sacred places, and a graveyard near one (imam ‘Aly) on the west</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/296/mode/1up">SWP II 296</a>). In fact, the tomb of imam ‘Aly is still surrounded with the cemetery. The second shrine mentioned by C. Conder is the tomb of sheikh ‘Obeid Rahil (Abu Isma‘il).</div>
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By present time only parts of western and southern walls and a piece of a collapsed dome have been saved. In the bottom of the walls there are huge blocks and stones, with smaller stones above them. The original size of the building is 4.10 x 3.80 x 2.20 m. The entrance to maqam was in the north wall, which now is totally destroyed. Along two sides of the rounded <i>mihrab</i> at the south wall there are square holes for candles or lamps. Among the wreckages, it is impossible to identify whether there was a cenotaph inside and where exactly it stood.</div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4B7LBaOZIGU/W8VZMnU-W9I/AAAAAAAAGqA/QzrfeacLJ_IkKckeRdTbUkKPfy7Eojh9QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BIsmail%2Bsheikh%252C%2BBudrus%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4B7LBaOZIGU/W8VZMnU-W9I/AAAAAAAAGqA/QzrfeacLJ_IkKckeRdTbUkKPfy7Eojh9QCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BIsmail%2Bsheikh%252C%2BBudrus%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nwoa6-kU8Po/W8VW2lEGMBI/AAAAAAAAGpo/0CLLp17XktgvLL4vQjHvB2ikaY9AAOASACLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2BIsmail%2Bsheikh%252C%2BBudrus%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nwoa6-kU8Po/W8VW2lEGMBI/AAAAAAAAGpo/0CLLp17XktgvLL4vQjHvB2ikaY9AAOASACLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2BIsmail%2Bsheikh%252C%2BBudrus%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FOC8_3YZ-qs/W8VZH8VGZfI/AAAAAAAAGqE/z9WAk_dFBzwMaR4Qv0ghGH1UMgAix2QlwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BIsmail%2Bsheikh%252C%2BBudrus%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FOC8_3YZ-qs/W8VZH8VGZfI/AAAAAAAAGqE/z9WAk_dFBzwMaR4Qv0ghGH1UMgAix2QlwCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BIsmail%2Bsheikh%252C%2BBudrus%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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This high hill with the remains of the maqam on the top is a very prominent and didactic place. This is the place where a sharp contrast between the blooming and well treated tomb of imam ‘Ali and abandoned, destroyed by there fourths tomb of sheikh Abu Isma‘il strikes the eye. Unfortunately, the tomb of sheikh Abu Isma‘il happened to be on the Israeli territory, in front of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier">Separation barrier</a>. The two shrines are facing each other at a 1.5 km distance.</div>
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Maqam of imam ‘Ali in Budrus</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vUO0akuIF0Y/W8VZTXYOzyI/AAAAAAAAGqE/nDq3UgYuYPsnt-sFd7-ywqQXy-9jFdjWwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BIsmail%2Bsheikh%252C%2BBudrus%2B12.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vUO0akuIF0Y/W8VZTXYOzyI/AAAAAAAAGqE/nDq3UgYuYPsnt-sFd7-ywqQXy-9jFdjWwCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BIsmail%2Bsheikh%252C%2BBudrus%2B12.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam of imam ‘Ali in Budrus</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IA-glo6vR14/W8VayjF-haI/AAAAAAAAGqY/Ocb25phCUTsy3AFLTvL-ZvXBMPNyPXslACEwYBhgL/s1600/Budrus%2BImam%2B%25E2%2580%2598Ali.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IA-glo6vR14/W8VayjF-haI/AAAAAAAAGqY/Ocb25phCUTsy3AFLTvL-ZvXBMPNyPXslACEwYBhgL/s640/Budrus%2BImam%2B%25E2%2580%2598Ali.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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It's worth mentioning that the residents of Budrus arranged demonstrations against the construction of the Separation barrier, called it “The Apartheid Wall”. A documentary “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VusnAkW_Rb8">Budrus</a>” was filmed about that in 2009.</div>
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<i>Route</i>. You can reach the object via an asphalt road which starts at the Industrial zone of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoham">Shoham</a>, goes under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_6_(Israel)">Highway 6</a> and leads to the south for almost 3 km and after the crossroad near Tel Dalit (opposite moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Nehemia">Beit Nehemia</a>) goes 3 km to the east. The road before Palestinian Budrus is blocked with stones, but we managed to pass it, though with some difficulties.</div>
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The landscape around it looks like footage from “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalker_(1979_film)">Stalker</a>” by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky">A. Tarkovsky</a>: there are lots of targets, people and house dummies, damaged hardware. The matter is that the Israeli troops use this territory as a firing area, so you can easily pass this site only on Saturdays (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbat">Shabbat</a>). What's more, an iron shield with bullet traces is laying just on the maqam.</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyXVVCgBomRl1X4ee6KASpsdfupCJ4wnTh_szj2810jqNAhcF6CK5fproNy9_jT-z6DBdfn8n5YQ3OOMty1tg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CrY5yIRMQaw/W8VZnXQ2gMI/AAAAAAAAGqM/3bXOjsZNAGc7wss6jl1mUu-zLUoPeLc3wCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BIsmail%2Bsheikh%252C%2BBudrus%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CrY5yIRMQaw/W8VZnXQ2gMI/AAAAAAAAGqM/3bXOjsZNAGc7wss6jl1mUu-zLUoPeLc3wCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BIsmail%2Bsheikh%252C%2BBudrus%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 15.08.15</div>
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 31°58'33.5"N 34°59'14.5"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.975959,%2034.987366&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/296/mode/1up">SWP II 296</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/244/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 244 (Sheet XIV)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 140</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/44/site/6770">The Archaeological Survey of Israel </a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Bilal</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ بلال</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' בלאל</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_ibn_Rabah">Bilal ibn Rabah</a> was the first dark-skinned slave in Mecca who converted to Islam and became one of the supporters (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabah">ashabs</a>) of Muhammad the Prophet and the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muezzin">muezzin</a>. In 638 he took part in the crusade of caliph <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar">Umar</a> to Syria and Palestine. Bilal died in 640 or 642 and was buried either in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina">Medina</a> or in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus">Damascus</a>. There is still his tomb at the cemetery <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bab_al-Saghir">Bab as-Saghir</a> in Damascus.</div>
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In Samaria there is also the maqam of Bilal built on the top of Kabir Mountain, which dominates over Nablus valley as well as over al-Fari‘a valley. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)">E. Robinson</a> was the first who noticed this shrine, “<i>the Wely Neby Belan, conspicuously situated on the mountain east of the valley which descends from the Mukhna to Wady Fari‘a</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog#page/n347/mode/1up">1856, 298</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> described a significant and unusual steepness Djebel Neby Belan, though he did not mention the maqam itself (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/370/mode/1up">Samarie I, 370</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> explained, “<i>Nebу Вelan is identified by the natives with Bilal ibn Rubah, the Muedhen of the Prophet</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/249/mode/1up">SWP II, 249</a>).</div>
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It is rational to suppose that first it was a local holy man called nabi Belan or Bilan, but later he was identified with a famous hero of Muslim legends called Bilal ibn Rabah due to the similarity of the names. Consequently, the local holy man was downgraded from the “prophet” to “sheikh”.<br />
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The maqam of sheikh Bilal outstands among other Palestinian shrines due to its unusual three-stepped dome above the burial chamber. A two-arched <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan">Iwan</a></i> and a small walled yard border with it from the north. Nearby on the west there grows a holy tree – kermes oak.</div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vsYA964a350/W8Ynib5LDDI/AAAAAAAAGqk/QQ9gcX04W8EWNuflg2G4yI24ziRrQB_TwCLcBGAs/s1600/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vsYA964a350/W8Ynib5LDDI/AAAAAAAAGqk/QQ9gcX04W8EWNuflg2G4yI24ziRrQB_TwCLcBGAs/s640/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 2010</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mxihNoWLyhY/W8YntKhjPtI/AAAAAAAAGqw/0_5jj_PDq4Qnx41KDTMnZtbYzy2sXO2wQCLcBGAs/s1600/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B2010.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mxihNoWLyhY/W8YntKhjPtI/AAAAAAAAGqw/0_5jj_PDq4Qnx41KDTMnZtbYzy2sXO2wQCLcBGAs/s640/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B2010.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-x4vELGcVF50/W8YnppMSRII/AAAAAAAAGq4/GKcZRpIfwE4_zhJhMb6ZHN7wp65hMuGqgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-x4vELGcVF50/W8YnppMSRII/AAAAAAAAGq4/GKcZRpIfwE4_zhJhMb6ZHN7wp65hMuGqgCEwYBhgL/s640/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9f_F89EZXGU/W8Yna5nj-9I/AAAAAAAAGqs/z4TR223Z7z4-wW0yJxG4Y6vJqj-QcBRuQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9f_F89EZXGU/W8Yna5nj-9I/AAAAAAAAGqs/z4TR223Z7z4-wW0yJxG4Y6vJqj-QcBRuQCEwYBhgL/s640/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A two-arched <i>Iwan</i></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZfgkdbtH2jQ/W8YoANMMfrI/AAAAAAAAGrM/49RoMihTzocEXtesdjjFvAwXYgDkKox8ACEwYBhgL/s1600/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZfgkdbtH2jQ/W8YoANMMfrI/AAAAAAAAGrM/49RoMihTzocEXtesdjjFvAwXYgDkKox8ACEwYBhgL/s640/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YpIbf4-qBh8/XA3nmnqD0GI/AAAAAAAAHEE/zLRzWXRyVA0_1oAsMTVtd2E-FVq1JXfPwCLcBGAs/s1600/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2Bmihrab.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YpIbf4-qBh8/XA3nmnqD0GI/AAAAAAAAHEE/zLRzWXRyVA0_1oAsMTVtd2E-FVq1JXfPwCLcBGAs/s640/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2Bmihrab.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In 1980, after Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Moreh">Elon-Moreh</a> was established on Kabir Mountain, the Palestinian Arabs (the residents of village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azmut">Azmut</a>, on the territory of which the maqam was located) lost control over their shrine. The settlers of Elon-Moreh included the maqam of sheikh Bilal into their lands. Though the maqam wasn't subject to judaisation or radical reconstruction, from time to time there were some construction works. In 2018 the Israeli residents started large-scale works to make a park or a rest zone around the Muslim shrine. When we were visiting the maqam, excavating works were proceeding nearby. The shrine itself is walled with metal fence with no entrance.</div>
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Israeli settlement Elon-More and Kabir Mountain</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fwSEmpLgbuI/W8YqbV7w7HI/AAAAAAAAGrY/SqH9nCu1Y3E5ik7Le9dMASR2k8krJ1CjQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_3134.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fwSEmpLgbuI/W8YqbV7w7HI/AAAAAAAAGrY/SqH9nCu1Y3E5ik7Le9dMASR2k8krJ1CjQCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_3134.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jDc9SITgtgo/W8YoALEVyLI/AAAAAAAAGrI/TEu8hA8sd4U3o3hifBTa-IlncFUlPFUlACEwYBhgL/s1600/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jDc9SITgtgo/W8YoALEVyLI/AAAAAAAAGrI/TEu8hA8sd4U3o3hifBTa-IlncFUlPFUlACEwYBhgL/s640/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-y2_wXdFvU8Q/W8YqQtQqcnI/AAAAAAAAGrU/h7amIBris6Etj1JWBu6eR8W8Nj2WnUpwwCLcBGAs/s1600/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2BElon%2BMore.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-y2_wXdFvU8Q/W8YqQtQqcnI/AAAAAAAAGrU/h7amIBris6Etj1JWBu6eR8W8Nj2WnUpwwCLcBGAs/s640/Bilal%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2BElon%2BMore.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. You can reach the maqam only through settlement Elon-Moreh following the street signs “Kabir Mountain”. A track road leads from the settlement up to the top of the mountain.</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzrKPw4EGUCRBLL-iCm5ufvCljDUh64YmvgFQkB44v2cLVW4A612MvaWzpJVeaiqaizQvaPm7ZV-xMetmZnxg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 07.08.2018</div>
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 32°14'32.8"N 35°19'40.9"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.242438,%2035.328023&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog#page/n347/mode/1up">Robinson 1856, 298</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog#page/n350/mode/1up">301</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/370/mode/1up">Guérin, Samarie I, 370, 458</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/249/mode/1up">SWP II 249</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/205/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 205 (Sheet XII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA131#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 131</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1909447,35.3091965,0a,90y,225.24h,35.03t/data=!3m4!1e1!3m2!1sAF1QipND2JENqpGPdXh9uRgtlLLdrN9TSSWFjSuxzPyJ!2e10">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Isa</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ عيسى</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' עיסא</b></div>
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Following the road up to Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harasha">Harasha</a> you can meet a small hill topped with the tomb of sheikh ‘Isa. Now this place is called Winery Hill (Hebrew: Giv'at Yekevim). There goes a tourist path with red marks.</div>
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On the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund">PEF</a> maps the shrine is called sheikh ‘Aisa (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231670378/view">Sheet XIV</a>). C. Conder who visited these places in 1873, described as follows, “<i>Batn Harasheh — The ruins here are merely foundations near sheikh ‘Aisa. There is also a cave with a central column of rock</i>” (SWP II 303).According to him, the shrine was surrounded with ruins, though itself it wasn't destroyed.</div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kqcF1sKKuuU/W8oCnz8N_oI/AAAAAAAAGtU/DEH06SzlOKoDePm9vUczKYyDrslndKItwCLcBGAs/s1600/Isa%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kqcF1sKKuuU/W8oCnz8N_oI/AAAAAAAAGtU/DEH06SzlOKoDePm9vUczKYyDrslndKItwCLcBGAs/s640/Isa%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam on the British map 1918</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9szIo_7kMj8/W8oCqFskUrI/AAAAAAAAGtY/29N78wrQMecnLKe49A4B5MupH-wQFTciQCLcBGAs/s1600/Isa%2Bsheikh%2Bmap%2B1918.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="1161" height="416" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9szIo_7kMj8/W8oCqFskUrI/AAAAAAAAGtY/29N78wrQMecnLKe49A4B5MupH-wQFTciQCLcBGAs/s640/Isa%2Bsheikh%2Bmap%2B1918.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now the maqam (5.40 x 4.40 x 1.50 m) is half ruined. The dome collapsed, the south wall is badly damaged. The north wall survived much better with an entrance doorway 1.20 m high. Those who came in should bend thereby bowing respectfully to the buried holy man. A low, 1 m high rounded mihrab in the south wall, and a pair of square holes in the side walls made for lamps – these are all the interior details. No trace is left from a cenotaph.</div>
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To the right from the maqam's entrance in the north wall there is a small annex with a hole in the centre, like a washbasin. This peculiar detail is unusual for Palestinian maqams.</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jXKJgwsfN2g/W8oClYVH_eI/AAAAAAAAGtQ/q4KJxumd5_MIrcOzrwsO3lX8331s8gcVACLcBGAs/s1600/Isa%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jXKJgwsfN2g/W8oClYVH_eI/AAAAAAAAGtQ/q4KJxumd5_MIrcOzrwsO3lX8331s8gcVACLcBGAs/s640/Isa%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Mihrab in the south wall</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LUyqYpsS7yw/W8oDDclzzRI/AAAAAAAAGto/2WpDk45RIQk9Z3qS68aDsm3AD_-Edgb1ACLcBGAs/s1600/Isa%2Bsheikh%2B09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LUyqYpsS7yw/W8oDDclzzRI/AAAAAAAAGto/2WpDk45RIQk9Z3qS68aDsm3AD_-Edgb1ACLcBGAs/s640/Isa%2Bsheikh%2B09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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To the right from the maqam's entrance in the north wall there is a small annex with a hole in the centre</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BIaxPL5SzuY/W8oCRKfcugI/AAAAAAAAGtI/XSRXfp8b-WMlq7AD39o4eDcof2Si60vrwCLcBGAs/s1600/Isa%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BIaxPL5SzuY/W8oCRKfcugI/AAAAAAAAGtI/XSRXfp8b-WMlq7AD39o4eDcof2Si60vrwCLcBGAs/s640/Isa%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. You should turn from Highway 450 to the asphalt road leading to settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harasha">Harasha</a>, and in 800 m you reach the maqam.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 16.08.15</div>
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 31°56'39.0"N 35°08'36.0"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.944173,%2035.143322&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/305/mode/1up">SWP II 305</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/327/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 327 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 138</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Salman al-Farsi</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ سلمان الفارسي</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' סלמאן הפרסי</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_the_Persian">Salman al-Farsi</a> (i.g. Pesian) was one of the companions (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabah">ashabs</a>) of Muhammad the Prophet. He took part in Arabic captures of Palestine, Syria and Iraq. According to one legends, he was buried in Iraqi Madain, according to others – in Isfahan. However, in Palestine there are a few maqams named Salman al-Farsi.<br />
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One of them belongs to Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asira_al-Qibliya">‘Asira al-Qibliya</a>. It stands on the top of Djebel Salman mountain. In 1983, when an Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhar">Yitzhar</a> was established on this mountain, the maqam turned to be on its territory, and the residents of Asira lost control over their shrine.<br />
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The maqam is 5.75 x 5.20 m and consists of a domed chamber, with the entrance in the north wall and arched window in the east wall. Outside of the west wall there are some steps leading the top leading to the roof top. A <i>mihrab</i> standing the in south wall is rounded and without any decorations. There is no trace of a cenotaph there.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rPq4IOGy_TU/XBFOb6DqRKI/AAAAAAAAHFQ/qNgi2VGYX_M__KjgLy2wH3h0n_HtV8m3wCEwYBhgL/s1600/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rPq4IOGy_TU/XBFOb6DqRKI/AAAAAAAAHFQ/qNgi2VGYX_M__KjgLy2wH3h0n_HtV8m3wCEwYBhgL/s640/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-a5FOXaO3r4M/XBFOaCS-3bI/AAAAAAAAHFM/2p45xn88f_YX0fFiEssyF0A1C4FbM7WhwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-a5FOXaO3r4M/XBFOaCS-3bI/AAAAAAAAHFM/2p45xn88f_YX0fFiEssyF0A1C4FbM7WhwCEwYBhgL/s640/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgedfYiCP6t6G47UT0oNrC2RU98XrizeIRadS3CkrN5T0SFJtb_bOVv2m-Ap5E7yVg478qkeEmJbldCWmWl9eewm4XFQh8vzUf5-j9gbx5SIZLL7wy3EVMF33OlFjfeijfpWbDCLCLUqCcHiHdGlw=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgedfYiCP6t6G47UT0oNrC2RU98XrizeIRadS3CkrN5T0SFJtb_bOVv2m-Ap5E7yVg478qkeEmJbldCWmWl9eewm4XFQh8vzUf5-j9gbx5SIZLL7wy3EVMF33OlFjfeijfpWbDCLCLUqCcHiHdGlw=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nv2SAbeZTg4/XBFO-pr_y8I/AAAAAAAAHFY/q-zjDxupkfo-_U-kXRP96GZU9BGZtGFIACLcBGAs/s1600/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nv2SAbeZTg4/XBFO-pr_y8I/AAAAAAAAHFY/q-zjDxupkfo-_U-kXRP96GZU9BGZtGFIACLcBGAs/s640/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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According to the brickwork, this structure can be dated to the first half of the 19th century. The <i>wely</i> of sheikh Salmon el-Farisy is mentioned by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)">E. Robinson</a>, who saw him in 1852 (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/305/mode/1up">1856, 296</a>). On the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund">PEF</a> map (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231670048/view">Sheet XI</a>) and in the list of the Palestinian objects of E. Palmer (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/191/mode/1up">1881, 191</a>), this sheikh is called Selman el-Farsi.<br />
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It's interesting that there is a burial cave under the maqam which one can get into only creeping through a low and narrow creephole.<br />
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A burial cave under the maqam</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--vb_KCpuZKQ/XBFRTgLTdcI/AAAAAAAAHF0/Gj91W3pbsOUmNZQyrMwSwaWPR9fiwtxjgCLcBGAs/s1600/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B11.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--vb_KCpuZKQ/XBFRTgLTdcI/AAAAAAAAHF0/Gj91W3pbsOUmNZQyrMwSwaWPR9fiwtxjgCLcBGAs/s640/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B11.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Arched window in the east wall</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QwAWzaMnul4/XBFSkmRDI-I/AAAAAAAAHGI/yWmfFzqS80AbBLyXT_l1tOVEHLF0rmm-QCLcBGAs/s1600/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QwAWzaMnul4/XBFSkmRDI-I/AAAAAAAAHGI/yWmfFzqS80AbBLyXT_l1tOVEHLF0rmm-QCLcBGAs/s640/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xMSIjlVP51Q/XBFQx0Q7nrI/AAAAAAAAHFo/7YWvvbEsrho-xDZza0hx42eDYqjfTg43ACLcBGAs/s1600/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B07%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1081" data-original-width="1600" height="432" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xMSIjlVP51Q/XBFQx0Q7nrI/AAAAAAAAHFo/7YWvvbEsrho-xDZza0hx42eDYqjfTg43ACLcBGAs/s640/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2B07%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The residents of Yitzhar are doing their best to save the Muslim sanctuary and its surroundings as a local landmark.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QocDS15B5rY/YDKI5e6YEaI/AAAAAAAAHvs/MkbpjdWxojMGsm62HFNj9DwNK62Q9XcogCLcBGAsYHQ/s1366/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="360" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QocDS15B5rY/YDKI5e6YEaI/AAAAAAAAHvs/MkbpjdWxojMGsm62HFNj9DwNK62Q9XcogCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h360/Salman%2Bal-Farsi%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwHKk8_LgO7JdgELTAEAYKkppxtXrGRyoaqS0NWPBcAUZtnwiObhhgnQqvZlBLxn5FR0XXlNWEi6D8NLTvrbA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 07.08.18<br />
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 32°10'07.3"N 35°13'58.1"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.168683,%2035.232812&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/305/mode/1up">Robinson 1856, 296</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48495/page/n57">Robinson 1865, 37</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/191/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 191 (Sheet XI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 140</a></div>
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<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.168922,35.232784,3a,75y,302.82h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO3Lx1DNw8amhOV03GyL844EtjIQTdTPccYFnAo!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO3Lx1DNw8amhOV03GyL844EtjIQTdTPccYFnAo%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya200.30824-ro-0-fo100!7i2508!8i1254">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Qubbat an-Najma</b></div>
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<b>قبة النجمة</b></div>
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<b>קובת א-נג'מה</b></div>
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On the top of the Mountain which dominates over the territory from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethel">Bethel</a> to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Valley">Jordan Valley</a> there stands one of the oldest Palestinian shrines — Qubbat an-Najma. There are a few versions about the origin of this name and the name of the person buried in the tomb. One people think that Arabic Qubbat an-Najma – “the dome of a morning star” — is a poetic name given to the shrine. Others believe that a Muslim sheikha Sitt Zuhra is buried there, as she was worshipped in the settlement at the foot of the mountain.</div>
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However, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> who visited these places in 1863, commented as follows, “<i>At 05:30 I saw wely Neby Nedjemeh to the east across the deep ravine on the neighboring mountain</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr05gugoog#page/n224/mode/1up">Samarie I, 213–214</a>). It is the earliest mentioning of this shrine. We can suppose that guides told to the French traveler that a prophet called Nadjma or Nedjemeh had been buried there.</div>
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Though it is strange that V. Guérin did not mention the name of this prophet, but only gave him a nickname-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)">nisba</a> (Arabs do not have name Nedjemeh). The question is how much accurate the French traveler is. Maybe “Prophet Nedjemeh” is his own interpretation of the traditional name Qubbat an-Najma”? Thus V. Guérin invented this prophet.</div>
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Photo of 1990s</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0bJLY5rQeRE/W8sXiFtHljI/AAAAAAAAGt0/YWviEqiTDn02rarTbGnlm1qc1H4cKPVbQCLcBGAs/s1600/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B1990s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="387" data-original-width="624" height="395" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0bJLY5rQeRE/W8sXiFtHljI/AAAAAAAAGt0/YWviEqiTDn02rarTbGnlm1qc1H4cKPVbQCLcBGAs/s640/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B1990s.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 2012</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cYRrjiEUg7Y/W8sXncrV-gI/AAAAAAAAGuM/tOo1eZixRK4RQU_tk3r1fdeAo_Y81kK7ACEwYBhgL/s1600/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B2012.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1333" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cYRrjiEUg7Y/W8sXncrV-gI/AAAAAAAAGuM/tOo1eZixRK4RQU_tk3r1fdeAo_Y81kK7ACEwYBhgL/s640/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B2012.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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When Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokhav_HaShahar">Kokhav ha-Shakhar</a> (its name duplicates Arabic an-Nadjma) and a few Jewish advanced outposts were established in 1979, the Arabic settlement was pushed away from this territory and lost control over the shrine on the top of the mountain. It was left unattended. In the early 2000 the structure was quite undamaged, and the photos prove that. But after it rapidly collapsed. The Israeli say it ruined because of wind exposure.</div>
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In the past Qubbat an-Najma had an ideal square from (5.0 x 5.0 m). Like in other Palestinian shrines the entrance to the maqam was in the north wall. The building was walled with a square stone fence, set 2 m away from the shrine.</div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fRuZKYRfWoA/W8saMSRSHPI/AAAAAAAAGug/DAGwBvRU1y0cFOTloeYYCgcK-sri0P7TACLcBGAs/s1600/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fRuZKYRfWoA/W8saMSRSHPI/AAAAAAAAGug/DAGwBvRU1y0cFOTloeYYCgcK-sri0P7TACLcBGAs/s640/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_RQkJrcdcLo/W8sZ2mV4kuI/AAAAAAAAGuY/q3d4BgFuuzANzr_VL-nQ4kyLP9uYKWfUgCLcBGAs/s1600/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_RQkJrcdcLo/W8sZ2mV4kuI/AAAAAAAAGuY/q3d4BgFuuzANzr_VL-nQ4kyLP9uYKWfUgCLcBGAs/s640/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab in the south wall</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5KZKl4Ae9Ak/W8saNnuPz4I/AAAAAAAAGuk/psopNzlFEdQ5ROBC9G1SGgM9owwT3sZ3QCLcBGAs/s1600/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5KZKl4Ae9Ak/W8saNnuPz4I/AAAAAAAAGuk/psopNzlFEdQ5ROBC9G1SGgM9owwT3sZ3QCLcBGAs/s640/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LBZ0gzeG5kY/W8safTfHALI/AAAAAAAAGuw/Y3YghZFi1s0Cq8Nlqb5wPW7Rsc-OiBbSgCLcBGAs/s1600/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LBZ0gzeG5kY/W8safTfHALI/AAAAAAAAGuw/Y3YghZFi1s0Cq8Nlqb5wPW7Rsc-OiBbSgCLcBGAs/s640/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now there is only the lower blockwork 1–1,5 m high and the remains of a small <i>mihrab</i>. The maqam inside is blocked up with wreckage of the collapsed dome. Qubbat an-Najma is destroyed as much as the maqam of sheikh ‘Abd al-Aziz nearby Mevaseret Zion (see Section <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/3-maqams-judaean-mountains.html">3. Maqams. Judaean Mountains</a>).</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-M2SlTyZC0-0/W8sXkccte6I/AAAAAAAAGuI/lBGbiD8hkp8EOzdCMPqIhinYhd4z90jkACEwYBhgL/s1600/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1067" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-M2SlTyZC0-0/W8sXkccte6I/AAAAAAAAGuI/lBGbiD8hkp8EOzdCMPqIhinYhd4z90jkACEwYBhgL/s640/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2B3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AXg4dyzlnHU/W8sXoCvicYI/AAAAAAAAGuQ/uOkJ2MWIyrAVdcsyqJJ4sHCQVrmYaoKVwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AXg4dyzlnHU/W8sXoCvicYI/AAAAAAAAGuQ/uOkJ2MWIyrAVdcsyqJJ4sHCQVrmYaoKVwCEwYBhgL/s640/Qubbat%2Ban-Najma%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxfYLwmJWDAEzUX6AJ7heK38CSmrdJt8Lg_SjVbgVn90S3-eqIATnZdBaAnFX12Rdrt9XJoaPXM2AFq9LT3hw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Route</i>. Turn from Highway 458 to the road leading to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokhav_HaShahar">Kokhav ha-Shakhar</a>. Before the settlement turn right to the track road up to the mountain. This road is fine only for jeeps. A bit better road goes round the mountain from the south and climbes up to a viewing point on the steep eastern slope. We could reach it by an ordinary car till this point, and went further on foot.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 14.08.15</div>
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 31°56'54.6"N 35°21'06.8"E</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.948493,%2035.351901&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a></span></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog#page/n341/mode/1up">Robinson 1856, 292</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr05gugoog#page/n224/mode/1up">Guérin, Samarie I, 213–214</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/256/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 256 (Sheet XV)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA122#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 122</a>; <a href="https://kotar.cet.ac.il/KotarApp/Viewer.aspx?nBookID=99436339#113.509.6.default">Ariel 1996, 111</a>; Wikipedia: <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%90-%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9E%D7%94">Qubbat an-Najma</a>; iNature <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%A8">Rimonim – Kokhav ha-Shakhar</a>; </div>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-53939726633862713062018-10-08T15:24:00.009-07:002022-06-11T10:17:09.911-07:007. Maqams. Galilee and the Golan Heights<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Maqam al-Khidr in al-Bassa</b></div>
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<b>مقام الخضرة</b></div>
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<b>מקאם אל-חידר</b></div>
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It is a monumental building, which used to be a jewel of Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bassa">al-Bassa</a>, and now it stands in an Israeli settlement called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shlomi,_Israel">Shlomi</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi">W. Khalidi</a> commented on it, “<i>The Muslim shrine is domed and stands deserted in the midst of many trees, including two palms</i>” (1992, 9). A. Petersen described it as follows, “<i>The maqam consists of two parts, a walled courtyard and a domed prayer room. There is a mihrab in the south wall of the courtyard and a doorway in the east wall leading into the main prayer room. The dome is supported by pendentives springing from four thick piers which also support wide side arches. In the middle of the south wall there is a mihrab next to a simple minbar made of four stone steps</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 111</a>).<br />
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Mx_DrT5F9-g/W7vQQjvpZEI/AAAAAAAAGck/HUZGAtL8NgYHAQ7JDfuqEG7C4Rv637WNQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Mx_DrT5F9-g/W7vQQjvpZEI/AAAAAAAAGck/HUZGAtL8NgYHAQ7JDfuqEG7C4Rv637WNQCEwYBhgL/s640/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1992 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LSw9HNsKF3w/W7vSI8dlzKI/AAAAAAAAGdQ/irhMReEaTlkwGaLV96G8IrHB9rEX_X6OQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B1992.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="513" data-original-width="775" height="422" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LSw9HNsKF3w/W7vSI8dlzKI/AAAAAAAAGdQ/irhMReEaTlkwGaLV96G8IrHB9rEX_X6OQCEwYBhgL/s640/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B1992.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam is dedicated to a holy man al-Khidr, who is according to the Muslim traditions a Quranic teacher of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_in_Islam">Musa the Prophet</a> (18:65–82). He is also associated with biblical <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah">Elijah the Prophet</a>.<br />
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The western wall is 9.20 m long, and the south – 8.85 m. A spacious prayer room let the maqam to be used as a little mosque. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minbar"><i>minbar</i></a> proves that, as well as one more <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> in the inner yard. Probably, this structure served as a mosque for the Muslims of al-Bassa until a new spacious mosque was built in the settlement in the 19th century. The question is: was there the sheikh's cenotapn inside the maqam? Only the cenotaph could characterize this building as a maqam. Now it is very difficult to find out the existence of the cenotaph. The floor is covered with wreckage, planks and rubbish.<br />
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VPaeUT7DOSI/W7vQRgCyU0I/AAAAAAAAGco/3UhEUyJB3lYmwvC4EpGEG54R6iWcq85zACEwYBhgL/s1600/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VPaeUT7DOSI/W7vQRgCyU0I/AAAAAAAAGco/3UhEUyJB3lYmwvC4EpGEG54R6iWcq85zACEwYBhgL/s640/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hbN3c__MjgM/W7vPsMtrsJI/AAAAAAAAGcY/6YKTBE49v1Emc4TH2hwUuZU6NGFH0fsVgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hbN3c__MjgM/W7vPsMtrsJI/AAAAAAAAGcY/6YKTBE49v1Emc4TH2hwUuZU6NGFH0fsVgCEwYBhgL/s640/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZWtes7duFaI/W7vQzAUtTEI/AAAAAAAAGcw/heIuSbisp_kTPKZbVQ9JR60_RvdcUGUNACEwYBhgL/s1600/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZWtes7duFaI/W7vQzAUtTEI/AAAAAAAAGcw/heIuSbisp_kTPKZbVQ9JR60_RvdcUGUNACEwYBhgL/s640/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The minbar and mihrab in the south wall</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bFYkepTH5Jg/W7vRsBVUEFI/AAAAAAAAGc8/JTIcJLtA3_4KTncDpp0xZJB5iUCd0i4sQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bFYkepTH5Jg/W7vRsBVUEFI/AAAAAAAAGc8/JTIcJLtA3_4KTncDpp0xZJB5iUCd0i4sQCEwYBhgL/s640/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the maqam</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tl9DbNZKd_E/W7vSKa3t5sI/AAAAAAAAGdU/k0Dumb4YMtEbJc7ovXYwgArh69slZPfmQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tl9DbNZKd_E/W7vSKa3t5sI/AAAAAAAAGdU/k0Dumb4YMtEbJc7ovXYwgArh69slZPfmQCEwYBhgL/s640/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The dome</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aDgExi_AmpQ/W7vSZ0Ub6RI/AAAAAAAAGdc/stvDuXIliZoP8NijwZbbaPKl_5I7GAmdQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aDgExi_AmpQ/W7vSZ0Ub6RI/AAAAAAAAGdc/stvDuXIliZoP8NijwZbbaPKl_5I7GAmdQCEwYBhgL/s640/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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W. Khalidi saw 2 palm trees in the yard, A. Petersen saw only one. Now this very palm tree fell down and blocked the entrance to the shrine. When comparing the photo in Petersen's book with the current view, you may notice further destruction. The south wall of the inner yard is badly damaged, though the <i>mihrab</i> partly survived. The west, east and south walls of the maqam started to collapse. The overall condition of the monument is quite deplorable.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LeVY4nLu3Jk/W7vSGQsoEDI/AAAAAAAAGdM/EFScHGDr-HgJZuuumi9xm29O6PsR3vYkACEwYBhgL/s1600/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LeVY4nLu3Jk/W7vSGQsoEDI/AAAAAAAAGdM/EFScHGDr-HgJZuuumi9xm29O6PsR3vYkACEwYBhgL/s640/Bassa%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam is located to the east from industrious zone <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bassa">Shlomi</a> and to the north from Highway 899 that goes through the settlement. Here is a historic quartal, where besides the maqam abandoned orthodox and catholic churches, and also a family house of the al-Khuri.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ep55OBZrXPI/W7y_MGE3jMI/AAAAAAAAGeo/AOX3wXYGk-EnJ59740TY8HTo_QgwME1pwCLcBGAs/s1600/Bassa%2Baerial.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="991" data-original-width="1281" height="494" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ep55OBZrXPI/W7y_MGE3jMI/AAAAAAAAGeo/AOX3wXYGk-EnJ59740TY8HTo_QgwME1pwCLcBGAs/s640/Bassa%2Baerial.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 19.08.15<br />
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<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i>: 33°04'41.4"N 35°08'36.2"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=33.078156,%2035.143386&spn=0.010538,0.01575&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i style="text-align: justify;">References</i><span style="text-align: justify;">: Khalidi 1992, 9; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 111</a>; Zochrot: </span><a href="http://zochrot.org/uploads/uploads/38fc36eba54e7e7ffd5e1bc5708a1034.pdf" style="text-align: justify;">al-Bassa</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Abreik (Bureik)</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ بريك</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אבריק</b></div>
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In the scientific research literature of the 19th century the maqam of sheikh Abreik is mentioned quite
often. It is one out of five the most famous Muslim shrines in Palestina. A village named Cheik Abrit was marked on <a href="https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~25537~1020116:46-Cesaree-?qvq=q:Author%3DJacotin;lc:RUMSEY~8~1&mi=49&trs=51">Jacotin's map</a> in 1799. During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria">Palestinian campaign of N. Bonapart</a> the height, where the settlement is located played an important strategic role.<br />
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Researchers called the sheikh differently: Abrek, Abreik, Ibreik, Ibrak, Bureik, Burayk. The maqam is dated to the 16th century, though has been often rebuilt since then. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> described sheikh Abreik as a small village situated on a hill with a conspicuous Maqam (Sanctuary) located to the south (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/273/mode/1up">SWP I, 273</a>).<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vcYfu1CQBMA/W7yye-hEMBI/AAAAAAAAGd8/zYVXU0LtorE_y44_SkcASjw6aID1Ipx7QCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_9692.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vcYfu1CQBMA/W7yye-hEMBI/AAAAAAAAGd8/zYVXU0LtorE_y44_SkcASjw6aID1Ipx7QCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_9692.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1950</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZBPTAsRqeTQ/W7yvutAzGdI/AAAAAAAAGdk/WIYgprdiTpoII1wiNp1U6Eo5YUtunQFfACLcBGAs/s1600/Abreik%2Bsheikh%2B1950.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="257" data-original-width="408" height="251" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZBPTAsRqeTQ/W7yvutAzGdI/AAAAAAAAGdk/WIYgprdiTpoII1wiNp1U6Eo5YUtunQFfACLcBGAs/s400/Abreik%2Bsheikh%2B1950.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GOrD9XLzKaw/W7yvw2Pz3KI/AAAAAAAAGdo/8rS_MyzSz3YWTxA5OTq_22et430UjIs3gCLcBGAs/s1600/Abreik%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1134" height="432" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GOrD9XLzKaw/W7yvw2Pz3KI/AAAAAAAAGdo/8rS_MyzSz3YWTxA5OTq_22et430UjIs3gCLcBGAs/s640/Abreik%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hx_b3ccAe8A/W7yvzQD_oEI/AAAAAAAAGds/Sky7cD4s_OUaZ1CoaPe2tonfAqffNeyDQCLcBGAs/s1600/Abreik%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1133" data-original-width="1600" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hx_b3ccAe8A/W7yvzQD_oEI/AAAAAAAAGds/Sky7cD4s_OUaZ1CoaPe2tonfAqffNeyDQCLcBGAs/s640/Abreik%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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At one time <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Sepp">J. Sepp</a> thought that the maqam was built in honour of an ancient hero Barak and in memory of the battle that happened there (<a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507279;view=1up;seq=486">1863, II 450</a>). Sheikh Abreik himself is described by M. Sharon as a local saint believed to have bestowed the nearby swamp of al-Matba'ah with healing properties that were said to be useful in treating rheutamism and nervous disorders (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=01ogNhTNz54C&lpg=PP1&pg=PR39&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">CIAP III, XXXIX</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">T. Canaan</a>, who wrote about the shrine of sheikh Abreik in 1927, noted that it was also a site frequented by women seeking to remedy infertility: “<i>After a barren woman has taken a bath in al-Matba'ah she washes herself in Ein Ishaq ["Spring of Isaac"]; she goes then to ash-shekh Ibreik to offer a present</i>” (<a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/122j">1927, 111</a>).<br />
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A double-domed structure is well observed from Road 722. It is located on the high hill, near a horseman monument of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Za%C3%AFd">Alexander Zaid</a>, which was established in 1941. The maqam consists of 3 rooms: in the eastern and central parts there are domed chambers (5.0 x 5.0 m), in the southern wall of each there is a <i>mihrab</i>. In the very western chamber a cenotaph stands in front of the <i>mihrab</i>. On the east a space without a roof borders with the domed chambers, which can be called a hall. All the walls inside the maqam are decorated with arched curves. The structure is 3.20 m high.<br />
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JdESn6nqdJw/W7y0unQOLEI/AAAAAAAAGeU/wrwJO9IRB9IiJ_1LUgWfknLY0q0Y5rqFgCLcBGAs/s1600/P1010032.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JdESn6nqdJw/W7y0unQOLEI/AAAAAAAAGeU/wrwJO9IRB9IiJ_1LUgWfknLY0q0Y5rqFgCLcBGAs/s640/P1010032.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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A small arched doorway to the central domed chamber</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8wmf9AEalug/W7yye8F9YZI/AAAAAAAAGeE/eqf9V4fKRtwBccqHNU3g_icCMF8wW6TEgCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_9688.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8wmf9AEalug/W7yye8F9YZI/AAAAAAAAGeE/eqf9V4fKRtwBccqHNU3g_icCMF8wW6TEgCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_9688.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The central domed chamber</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6viOMWk9vNI/W7y0izd2GTI/AAAAAAAAGeY/OwxrsXEUC2EquRXVi4q1iAIkiT-5NdoawCEwYBhgL/s1600/P1010037.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6viOMWk9vNI/W7y0izd2GTI/AAAAAAAAGeY/OwxrsXEUC2EquRXVi4q1iAIkiT-5NdoawCEwYBhgL/s640/P1010037.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The western domed chamber with a cenotaph</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uxOwU4_V8Eg/W7y0jDwr_7I/AAAAAAAAGec/4OWB0cI1atYqvA8onlpNDewlrVOt6756gCEwYBhgL/s1600/P1010049.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uxOwU4_V8Eg/W7y0jDwr_7I/AAAAAAAAGec/4OWB0cI1atYqvA8onlpNDewlrVOt6756gCEwYBhgL/s640/P1010049.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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You can get inside the maqam by 2 ways. First, you can enter the hall through a door in south wall, and then through a small arched doorway get to the central domed chamber (now empty), and then via a small rectangular entrance you to the western domed chamber with a cenotaph. Another entrance to the maqam is through a wide doorway of the north wall in the central domed chamber.<br />
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Along the north wall of the hall there are stone stairs leading to the roof. When on the roof you may see that both domes of the maqam have a modern cladding. It is obvious that this important cultural object is under protection. All the entrances and windows are covered with iron bars, and from time to time the maqam is circled with a metal bar fence.<br />
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We should add that on the ground near the northwestern corner of the building there is a split off column cap of an ancient column.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. You can reach the maqam from Road 722 by following an asphalt road which leads to Alexander Zaid's monument. This road is commonly known to everybody who visit <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_National_Park">Beit She'arim National Park</a>.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 20.08.15<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°42'03.1"N 35°07'44.0"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.700854,%2035.128898&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507279;view=1up;seq=486">Sepp 1863, II 450</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme05pale#page/n62/mode/1up">Quarterly statement V 47</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/tentworkinpalest01conduoft#page/163/mode/1up">Conder 1879, I 163</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/syrianstoneloreo00conduoft#page/254/mode/1up">Conder, 1887, 254</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/introductiontosu00saun#page/131/mode/1up">SWP 1881, 131</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/273/mode/1up">SWP I, 273</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/116/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 116 (Sheet V)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/nouveauguidedet00meisgoog#page/n444/mode/1up">Meistermann 1907, 363</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesd01landgoog#page/n212/mode/1up">Mülinen, DPV 1908, 194</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/81j">Canaan 1927, 68</a>, <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/122j">111</a>; <a href="https://kotar.cet.ac.il/KotarApp/Viewer.aspx?nBookID=99436339#106.9253.6.default">Ariel 1996, 105</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=01ogNhTNz54C&lpg=PP1&pg=PR34&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sharon, CIAP III, XXXVII–XLV</a>; </div>
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Wikipedia: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Bureik,_Lajjun">Sheikh Bureik</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/26/site/3421">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>; <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93">Inature</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/115110790136617797543/photos/@32.7024994,35.125,3a,15y,237.88h,66.5t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipP8jEupZ19TambsBdzgwEo6oaXrt_0Me60Vmg5n!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP8jEupZ19TambsBdzgwEo6oaXrt_0Me60Vmg5n%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya40-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Abu ‘Atabi (‘Utba)</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ أبو عتبة</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אבו עתבה</b></div>
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Ahmad Abu ‘Atabi was a distinguished soldier in the troops of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin">Saladin</a> and became famous during the Crusaders' <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)">Siege of Acre (1189–1191)</a>. After his death he was buried with honours nearby this city. A huge tomb of Abu ‘Atabi is equal in size to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%27s_Tomb">Rachel's Tomb</a> in Bethelem and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%27s_Tomb">Joseph's Tomb</a> in Nablus.<br />
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Till recent times there were two Arabic inscriptions on the maqam's wall, one reads that the tomb was built in 1727–28 CE. Anyway, the scientists think this Muslim shrine dates back to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk period</a>. Probably, in the early 18th century it was restored or significantly rebuilt, and that was reflected in the Arabic inscription.<br />
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In 1738 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Pococke">R. Pococke</a> described the maqam with admiration, “<i>On the highest ground of it are the ruins of a very strong square tower, and near it, is a mosque, a tower, and other great buildings; the place is called Abouotidy, from a Sheik who was buried there</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n85/mode/1up">1745, II 54</a>). In 1760, abbe Mariti called the place Bоhattebe: “<i>The southern gate of Acre open towards a highway, and conducts to Bоhattebe, situated on a small eminence, which contains the ruins of an ancient temple, employed as a place of worship both by the Turks and Christians, but at different periods. Some paces further is a mosque, remarkable on account of its burying-ground, in which was interred a prodigious number of infidels, who perished under the walls of Acre</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/travelsthroughc00marigoog#page/n362/mode/1up">1792, 332</a>).<br />
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q441YVgk5KU/W7zpnwel24I/AAAAAAAAGfE/IYkakKQDxhEz2X7w_SWnjJhGG0Y9GAOawCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2BAtabi%2Bsh%252C%2BAcco%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q441YVgk5KU/W7zpnwel24I/AAAAAAAAGfE/IYkakKQDxhEz2X7w_SWnjJhGG0Y9GAOawCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2BAtabi%2Bsh%252C%2BAcco%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1994 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FiJ7ew_W6DY/W7zrI3l-ovI/AAAAAAAAGfg/IrTTgiCerEIhd8nARUeUJ1-MV8_BHNeJQCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2BAtabi%2B1994%2BPetersen.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="452" data-original-width="647" height="278" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FiJ7ew_W6DY/W7zrI3l-ovI/AAAAAAAAGfg/IrTTgiCerEIhd8nARUeUJ1-MV8_BHNeJQCLcBGAs/s400/Abu%2BAtabi%2B1994%2BPetersen.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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In March 1799 during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1799)">siege of Acre Bonaparte</a> troops set their camp nearby Abu ‘Atabi tomb. “<i>On 19th of March the avant-garde occupied the Mosque mountain (fr. Le mont de la Mosque), which dominated over the whole plain of Saint-Jean-d'Acre, and also over the city</i>” – Le Livre Campagne d'Égypte et de Syrie: mémoires pour servir à l'histoire Napoleon – says the book with memoires of Napoleon and published by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gatien_Bertrand">general Bertrand</a> (<a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6497059f/f68">1847, II 58</a>). The maqam of Abu ‘Atabi should be perceived as this “mosque”. Nearby or even inside there was a hospital where the wounded soldiers were treated (1847, II 60). Sometimes <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon">Napoleon</a> himself visited the injured. At the same place, near the “mosque” the famous general met with local thieves who joined him and standing on the maqam step delivered a speech for them. However, all Napoleon actions were in vain: Acre had not been captured, and he had to retreat back first to Egypt, then to France.<br />
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During the Siege of Acre only Napoleon was recollecting this “mosque”. Obviously, it well stuck to his mind. His generals and companions did not mention it in their memoires. When being in exile on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena">Saint Helena Island</a>, not a long time before his death, the emperor himself jotted down a plan-scheme of the siege of Acre in 1799 and again he marked that very mosque with letter “M”, which actually was the tomb of Abu ‘Atabi.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YzOaUEIXNLg/W7znnXGalaI/AAAAAAAAGe0/N1q7qGMQwbcti7Fpe-lk81qLd-C8lLjBACLcBGAs/s1600/Acre%2BNapoleon%2Bmap.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="821" data-original-width="1219" height="430" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YzOaUEIXNLg/W7znnXGalaI/AAAAAAAAGe0/N1q7qGMQwbcti7Fpe-lk81qLd-C8lLjBACLcBGAs/s640/Acre%2BNapoleon%2Bmap.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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It is clear that Napoleon took all Muslim worship objects as mosques and not only Muslim, - he even called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral">Saint Basil's Cathedral</a> in Moscow a mosque. However, two centuries later a Palestinian historian W. Khalidi called a Muslim shrine nearby Acre the same way, ”<i>The mosque, a stone structure with a dome and vaulted ceilings, has been turned into a private home for a Jewish family</i>” (1992, 23). In 1994 A. Petersen also noticed that maqam Abu ‘Atabi was used as a loging. In fact, a family (Arabic, not Jewish) still lives in the shrine.<br />
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The owners of the house are very friendly and with readiness show the guest of the shrine to the burial chamber, which is more like a storage room. A dim lighting doesn't allow to watch the details of the chamber. Among many huge bags and packs there is cenotaph Abu ‘Atabi, carefully covered with a green cloth.<br />
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As A. Petersen says, “<i>This structure stands on the west slope of a low hill and is built on a raised platform or terrace. The two main elements of the building are the large domed chamber and the prayer room to the north. The corners of the building are strengthened by large external buttresses. Since 1948 a number of extra rooms have been added to the shrine which now forms the centre of a small residential complex. The prayer room now functions as a living room, although the shrine itself is still in use and is kept clear of domestic clutter.</i><br />
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<i>Entered through a doorway in the north wall, the prayer hall acts as an ante-room for the shrine. The prayer room is entered through a doorway in the north-east corner and is roofed with a folded cross-vault with a small dome at the apex. The sides of the vault are decorated with small moulded triangles whilst the dome in the centre is decorated with a swirled disc motif. A pair of double windows are set into the west wall and there is a mihrab flanked by two windows in the centre of the south wall. The north wall of the room appears to be modern, suggesting that the room was originally open on this side. In the middle of the east wall is the doorway through to the domed chamber containing the tomb of Abu ‘Atabi. Above the doorway are two inscriptions set one above the other. Written on an upright rectangular marble panel, the upper inscription consists of eight lines of naskhi divided into four cartouches. At the end of this inscription the date of 1140 H. (1727–1728 CE.) is given. The fragmentary lower inscription is written on a roughly rectangular piece of marble in a larger ornamental script which may be earlier, possibly dating to the Mamluk period.</i><br />
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<i>This structure stands on the west slope of a low hill and is built on a raised platform or terrace. The two main elements of the building are the large domed chamber and the prayer room to the north. The corners of the building are strengthened by large external buttresses. Since 1948 a number of extra rooms have been added to the shrine which now forms the centre of a small residential complex. The prayer room now functions as a living room, although the shrine itself is still in use and is kept clear of domestic clutter.</i><br />
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<i>The interior of the tomb chamber is a square area covered with a tall dome resting on triangular pendentives supported by wide arches which spring from the ground. The tomb or cenotaph of Abu ‘Atabi is in the centre of the room. The mihrab is a plain undecorated niche in the middle of the south wall. The tomb chamber is lit by two small windows in the south wall above the mihrab and another high up in the west wall</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 65</a>).<br />
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RhtD9mPDSVs/W7zpn3bIqEI/AAAAAAAAGfY/vl2oTZJFA100jqExrQDVRFCGhtE7x3eywCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BAtabi%2Bsh%252C%2BAcco%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RhtD9mPDSVs/W7zpn3bIqEI/AAAAAAAAGfY/vl2oTZJFA100jqExrQDVRFCGhtE7x3eywCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BAtabi%2Bsh%252C%2BAcco%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the <span style="text-align: center;">east</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N_n8qKS2HvU/W7zpn5zP3MI/AAAAAAAAGfQ/R5Xtk66cqhA7Km6lMpvuNuJ661bJ2HIvwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BAtabi%2Bsh%252C%2BAcco%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N_n8qKS2HvU/W7zpn5zP3MI/AAAAAAAAGfQ/R5Xtk66cqhA7Km6lMpvuNuJ661bJ2HIvwCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BAtabi%2Bsh%252C%2BAcco%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The tombstone</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wFJtma4gDRk/W7zrLCV3OsI/AAAAAAAAGfw/XEynbZxv9Hok-suaDayJna8RWjBuP-wQwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BAtabi%2Bsh%2B3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="748" data-original-width="997" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wFJtma4gDRk/W7zrLCV3OsI/AAAAAAAAGfw/XEynbZxv9Hok-suaDayJna8RWjBuP-wQwCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BAtabi%2Bsh%2B3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Two Arabic inscriptions are still above the entrance to the burial chamber. There is a carton plate near the tombstone which tells about Abu ‘Atabi. Obviously, there are also basement rooms under the flat of the Arabic family, which one cannot enter. One thing should be (spelling) mentioned as well: the white maqam's dome was painted light-blue in 2010, not green as nowadays Muslim usually use.<br />
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Pay attention to the décor of a little window in the south wall: this architecture element can be dated to the Mamluk period.<br />
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Across the street, opposite to Maqam Abu ‘Atabi there is a cemetery where the tomb of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_Muhammad_%60Al%C3%AD">Muhammad ‘Ali</a>, the son of Bahaullah, is dominating over others. When we were there the cemetery was locked.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9VVtVgtCX0w/W8SiuUQ0wdI/AAAAAAAAGoc/VK5izOUevqczZtk3fJAuDcCv5rW_84MAACLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2BAtabi%2Bsh%2Bair%2BAcre.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9VVtVgtCX0w/W8SiuUQ0wdI/AAAAAAAAGoc/VK5izOUevqczZtk3fJAuDcCv5rW_84MAACLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2BAtabi%2Bsh%2Bair%2BAcre.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. Maqam Abu ‘Atabi relates to a former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Acre">al-Manshiya</a>, which was 2 km to the northeast from Acre. Now the maqam is located within <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre,_Israel">Acre city</a>, to the north from old Muslim cemetery.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 19.08.15<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°56'14.7"N 35°05'30.4"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.937411,%2035.091775&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n85/mode/1up">Pococke 1745, II 54</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/travelsthroughc00marigoog#page/n362/mode/1up">Mariti 1792, 332</a>; <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6497059f/f68">Bertrand 1847, II 58</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/39/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 39 (Sheet III)</a>; Khalidi 1992, 23–24; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=j1rSzWgHMjoC&%20redir=PP1&pg=PA34#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sharon, CIAP I, 34–36</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 65</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/4/site/897">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.9374361,35.0918781,3a,60y,258.99h,94.79t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s4yG4dPeC-7nxN_SfLiujfw!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Abu Shusha</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ ابو شوشة</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אבּוּ שוּשָה</b></div>
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In a former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghuwayr_Abu_Shusha">Ghuweir Abu Shusha</a> (2 km from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee">Lake Kinneret</a>) there were three Muslim shrines. Only one has survived: the tomb of the sheikh, located on the top of the hill.</div>
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This shrine is of a respectable age, as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)">E. Robinson</a> witnessed it already in 1838. He commented it briefly, “<i>A wely with a white dome marks the spot</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/285/mode/1up">1841, III 285</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Sepp">J. Sepp</a> did the same, “<i>A white dome dominated the wely of a Muslim holy man called Shusha, which means das Ros</i>” (<a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507279;view=1up;seq=207">1863, II 171</a>).</div>
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In 1863 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> watched this maqam, “<i>At 5:55 I climbed up the hill, topped with a small wely dedicated to Abu Shusha. He gave his name to the ruins around it, that's why they are called Khirbet Abu Shusha. There are remains of the mentioned holy man inside the shrine. Nearby there are a few Muslim shrines and a dozen huts built from volcanic stone</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n222/mode/1up">Galilee I 209–210</a>).</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--YUUC-2aZ9c/W7-GfCDxBrI/AAAAAAAAGf8/SPttwIaBJz4Cjlsq4FnwUY46I7XJr2argCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--YUUC-2aZ9c/W7-GfCDxBrI/AAAAAAAAGf8/SPttwIaBJz4Cjlsq4FnwUY46I7XJr2argCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Hunvd9vPy2E/W7-IPb6YZEI/AAAAAAAAGg0/GLmGtie3KqoQUmnOchDS-cgwzSGvIJXnwCLcBGAs/s1600/Kinneret%2BAbu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Hunvd9vPy2E/W7-IPb6YZEI/AAAAAAAAGg0/GLmGtie3KqoQUmnOchDS-cgwzSGvIJXnwCLcBGAs/s640/Kinneret%2BAbu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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P. B. Meistermann was the next who described the shrine, “<i>Then, 4 km from the lake we climb up the hill, topped with a wely of a small Arabic settlement called Abu Shusha</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/nouveauguidedet00meisgoog#page/n501/mode/1up">1907, 418</a>). We should mentioned that Meistermann exaggerated the distance from the lake to the settlement. But now you can observe Lake Kinneret from the maqam's dome, as the hill is covered with oleaginous plants.</div>
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In fact, the shrine is a real religious complex. Spacious rooms (now destroyed) border the maqam from the north and west. The maqam is built from black basalt (7.35 x 6.80 m). In the western room there saved 2 half-round arches. The entrance was from the north. Each wall was decorated with arched curves. There are small windows in the western and eastern walls. There is no mihrab in the south wall. A cenotaph is covered with a green cloth, on the surface of which there laid Muslim holy books. Though inscriptions on the walls are all Jewish.</div>
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The maqam is in quite good condition; however, the destruction has already begun. A part of the south wall has partly collapsed. On some stones there left traces of plaster with which the maqam used to be covered.</div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OAGKzWJgDBs/W7-HwJZimkI/AAAAAAAAGgw/ddC0AT-eNx0nvEVQO6TRkT9nvY7CsacpgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OAGKzWJgDBs/W7-HwJZimkI/AAAAAAAAGgw/ddC0AT-eNx0nvEVQO6TRkT9nvY7CsacpgCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AyVmSxOeaac/W7-Ge78Dv5I/AAAAAAAAGgQ/j_5KCoUbza4COUunW6QNqJy8mFfAsYSeQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AyVmSxOeaac/W7-Ge78Dv5I/AAAAAAAAGgQ/j_5KCoUbza4COUunW6QNqJy8mFfAsYSeQCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Arched vaults in the room west of the tomb</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RylEScLj2UU/W7-GqeWJmwI/AAAAAAAAGgY/5B-chO6WXpUojZLt0X1U19rlL6PiK5_NQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RylEScLj2UU/W7-GqeWJmwI/AAAAAAAAGgY/5B-chO6WXpUojZLt0X1U19rlL6PiK5_NQCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the maqam</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DrmDA98OnHs/W7-HvW_QDvI/AAAAAAAAGgs/y1griYCaJecU8n5MkCnM039jmLecw9DPgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="425" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DrmDA98OnHs/W7-HvW_QDvI/AAAAAAAAGgs/y1griYCaJecU8n5MkCnM039jmLecw9DPgCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the maqam</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5_FebUSq50I/W7-HplygkhI/AAAAAAAAGgo/99G4mv-s9D4XB0JVUczDgrGYfsVbg7SLACEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5_FebUSq50I/W7-HplygkhI/AAAAAAAAGgo/99G4mv-s9D4XB0JVUczDgrGYfsVbg7SLACEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BShusha%2Bsheikh%2B10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. To reach the maqam you should turn to a track road on the 424th km of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_90_(Israel)">Highway 90</a> (opposite the entrance to kibbutz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginosar">Ginnosar</a>). Over 500 m on this track road you should stop and climb up a steep slope on foot. The shrine is on the top of the hill.</div>
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We should mention that W. Khalidi describes this object as follows, “<i>The shrine of Shaikh Muhammad and the remains of a mill can be seen among piles of stones and a few olive trees</i>” (1992, 517). Obviously, the Palestinian historian confused this maqam with two others which were also located in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghuwayr_Abu_Shusha">Ghuweir Abu Shusha</a> and which now have completely dissapeared. These maqams belonged to another sheikhs, both called Muhammed. One of those shrines was to the west from the maqam of sheikh Abu Shusha, near spring al-Bassa, another one – to the south-east, near a mill. At the suggestion of W. Khalidi the name of the survived maqam also moved to Wikipedia.</div>
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Actually the remains of three mills survived (besides the maqam of sheikh Abu Shusha) on the territory of the former Palestinian village. Please find below an aerophoto with all objects marked. They are located in accordance with the 1942 British map.</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Kbm23dDrrBE/W7-Lx7w1CDI/AAAAAAAAGhA/lOhmybanC30h2flmyhtoLu0kF-fSO-4dwCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2BShusha%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1475" data-original-width="1600" height="590" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Kbm23dDrrBE/W7-Lx7w1CDI/AAAAAAAAGhA/lOhmybanC30h2flmyhtoLu0kF-fSO-4dwCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2BShusha%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 21.08.15</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°51'13.7"N 35°30'26.8"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.853803,%2035.507448&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/285/mode/1up">Robinson 1841, III 285</a>; <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507279;view=1up;seq=207">Sepp 1863, II 171</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n222/mode/1up">Guérin, Galilee I 209–210</a>; <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62007144/f378.item">De Vaux 1883, 362</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/nouveauguidedet00meisgoog#page/n501/mode/1up">Meistermann 1907, 418</a>; Khalidi 1992, 517</div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Hussein</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ حسين</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' חוסין</b></div>
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All visitors of Hurvat Ga'aton (Hebrew: Khirbet Jathun – quite a popular place) go to see an abandoned farmhouse of the 19th century. On the stand set by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund">KKL</a> you can read, “<i>The eastern part of the structure is the highest and contains the majority of ancient ruins. They are the remains of buildings, oil press factories and a Muslim cemetery, with the tomb of sheikh Hussein in the centre of it</i>.”</div>
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Now it is difficult to see the Muslim shrine in the bushes , it's much older than the farmhouse. </div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N0tUXo7g1rs/W7-symuyzGI/AAAAAAAAGhY/xrtT1MRZ7gU4LuSun5CeTGmnVuwyfvv-gCLcBGAs/s1600/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N0tUXo7g1rs/W7-symuyzGI/AAAAAAAAGhY/xrtT1MRZ7gU4LuSun5CeTGmnVuwyfvv-gCLcBGAs/s640/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1991 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P8Fas6L9WnU/W7-uXcSO3nI/AAAAAAAAGiE/nJUPB4Olr206tER4IB2LAUvW-7-6MdLVgCLcBGAs/s1600/Hussein%2Bsheikh%2B1%2BPetersen.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="646" height="422" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P8Fas6L9WnU/W7-uXcSO3nI/AAAAAAAAGiE/nJUPB4Olr206tER4IB2LAUvW-7-6MdLVgCLcBGAs/s640/Hussein%2Bsheikh%2B1%2BPetersen.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A. Petersen visited the maqam in 1991, when it used to be in much better condition. The Petersen's description wholly coincides with what we see now.</div>
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“<i>This structure is located amidst trees at the east end of the site. A number of graves in the vicinity suggest that the area developed as a cemetery</i>.</div>
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<i>The maqam consists of two parts, a domed chamber and an outer room. The outer room is approximately square (6.66 x 6.54 m) with a niche in the east wall and a tree in the middle. This room was probably entered through a doorway on the north side, however because the north wall is now in ruins, the exact position of the original entrance is uncertain. It is not clear whether this room was ever roofed although traces of piers in the south-west, south-east, and north-east corners suggest that it may have been covered with a cross-vault. The outer room was certainly built later than the inner room as can be seen from the butt joint in the south-west corner</i>.</div>
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<i>The inner chamber is entered through a low doorway in the south wall of the outer room. Half of the dome has survived although the eastern part has collapsed. The dome was supported by spherical pendentives resting on shallow arches springing from corner piers. In the south wall the top part of a mihrab can be seen although the lower part is below the current floor level. On the outside a set of stairs runs up the north wall to the roof.</i></div>
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<i>The date of construction is not known although the use of spherical pendentives rather than squinches suggest an Ottoman date</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 180–181</a>).</div>
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Plan of the maqam (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f4Gii720dmA/W7-uW2-suBI/AAAAAAAAGiM/7EmwufNscq8jUVWZ7VXv90rehSM6uYM-ACEwYBhgL/s1600/Hussein%2Bsheikh%2Bplan%2BPetersen.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="322" data-original-width="444" height="290" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f4Gii720dmA/W7-uW2-suBI/AAAAAAAAGiM/7EmwufNscq8jUVWZ7VXv90rehSM6uYM-ACEwYBhgL/s400/Hussein%2Bsheikh%2Bplan%2BPetersen.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Now the maqam has collapsed by more than three fourths: only the south wall with a mihrab and a part of the west wall with a pistachio tree on it (Pistacia palaestina) are left. The outer room is actually a heap of stones, though the holy tree is still there. No trace is left from the Muslim tombs that A. Petersen saw nearby the maqam. The Archaeological Survey of Israel tells about ancient walls near the maqam. We did not find them either.</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tMLvUzvqoKM/W7-srlzG8-I/AAAAAAAAGhc/8NbVbhs3InkxDNSjGa1aTqpLwwA3GGstgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tMLvUzvqoKM/W7-srlzG8-I/AAAAAAAAGhc/8NbVbhs3InkxDNSjGa1aTqpLwwA3GGstgCEwYBhgL/s640/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AftaZQFdOEY/W7-tX_pO1WI/AAAAAAAAGhs/GiVe6lqwbFwEsnsSjbwc9Wv-E48s8ShvACEwYBhgL/s1600/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AftaZQFdOEY/W7-tX_pO1WI/AAAAAAAAGhs/GiVe6lqwbFwEsnsSjbwc9Wv-E48s8ShvACEwYBhgL/s640/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e78mutm1BL8/W7-trWRfAyI/AAAAAAAAGh4/EmqnjKzSo5kQBmr_z3r0cqHsLsiGaL0TwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e78mutm1BL8/W7-trWRfAyI/AAAAAAAAGh4/EmqnjKzSo5kQBmr_z3r0cqHsLsiGaL0TwCEwYBhgL/s640/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihr<span style="text-align: center;">a</span>b</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RGcEeMMQ2U8/W7-r9WqZ2hI/AAAAAAAAGhQ/38kandnLz5UhjowQk4jZrWXZCCB4PxixgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RGcEeMMQ2U8/W7-r9WqZ2hI/AAAAAAAAGhQ/38kandnLz5UhjowQk4jZrWXZCCB4PxixgCEwYBhgL/s640/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The outer room</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rJC3ydTDOBM/W7-t1lgNgUI/AAAAAAAAGh4/WWHNopPLBoMEqgwTw4rabSnAvA4jxOMsACEwYBhgL/s1600/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rJC3ydTDOBM/W7-t1lgNgUI/AAAAAAAAGh4/WWHNopPLBoMEqgwTw4rabSnAvA4jxOMsACEwYBhgL/s640/Hussein%2Bsheikh%252C%2BJathun%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. Now the maqam is surrounded with thorny impassable bushes, thus it's almost impossible to reach it. There is no path or sign. We do not recommend to attempt to reach it. However, if there is a brave man, we attach a detailed plan of Khirbet Jathun (Hurvat Ga'aton). It's important to keep in mind that in thick bushes between the farmhouse and maqam there are a few barbed wire fences. Each of them is not easy to pass.</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dPpWt2fcuKs/W7-uW_NeFvI/AAAAAAAAGiM/Cq3vKcm8zScd2I5CJ8DToFSUTigEh_cpACEwYBhgL/s1600/Hussein%2Bsheikh%2BH%2BGaaton%2Bplan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="793" height="362" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dPpWt2fcuKs/W7-uW_NeFvI/AAAAAAAAGiM/Cq3vKcm8zScd2I5CJ8DToFSUTigEh_cpACEwYBhgL/s640/Hussein%2Bsheikh%2BH%2BGaaton%2Bplan.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 19.08.15</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 33°00'44.0"N 35°11'43.2"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=33.012224,%2035.195323&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/54/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 54 (Sheet III)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 180–181</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/4/site/937">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Kuweiyis</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ ﺍﻟﻛﻭﻳﺱ</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' כוויס</b></div>
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This shrine is located in a picturesque place, on a steep slope in gorge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahal_Amud">Nahal ‘Amud</a>. Sheikh Kuweiyis (“the Pretty”) is buried there. It is that rare case when a Muslim kept his non-Arabic (Persian) name, which came down in the history.</div>
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The maqam's size is 7.10 x 6.40 m. The entrance is in the east wall, where there is a smooth site. The west wall stands on the edge of precipitous cliffs falling down into a deep gorge. There is a partly damaged window in the west wall which overlooking Nahal ‘Amud. The walls of the domed room are decorated with arched curves, a 1.40 m high mihrab is in the niche. The dome of the shrine partly collapsed. The cenotaph has disappeared, but there are its traces on the floor.</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CJl_Bk0ppLg/W7-_ZzXsuHI/AAAAAAAAGik/w6vHDKlegR44rtJ3K6nd1LH1N7cthKmXACLcBGAs/s1600/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CJl_Bk0ppLg/W7-_ZzXsuHI/AAAAAAAAGik/w6vHDKlegR44rtJ3K6nd1LH1N7cthKmXACLcBGAs/s640/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zy0Mc7XtK7c/W7--AiYhOPI/AAAAAAAAGiU/ckkAJ-G08-c23T4yIkqAdpPXZbWC4emLgCLcBGAs/s1600/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zy0Mc7XtK7c/W7--AiYhOPI/AAAAAAAAGiU/ckkAJ-G08-c23T4yIkqAdpPXZbWC4emLgCLcBGAs/s640/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XdYvIggTr8E/W7-_OhHFUCI/AAAAAAAAGic/mor7PbfIsds24IiqA8QpX79ltHJJkV8vACLcBGAs/s1600/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XdYvIggTr8E/W7-_OhHFUCI/AAAAAAAAGic/mor7PbfIsds24IiqA8QpX79ltHJJkV8vACLcBGAs/s640/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xwi_3ksIAOU/W7-_WcU7vCI/AAAAAAAAGig/xXviNZUsjtQxD018reae2E0ICXPsYBo4QCLcBGAs/s1600/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xwi_3ksIAOU/W7-_WcU7vCI/AAAAAAAAGig/xXviNZUsjtQxD018reae2E0ICXPsYBo4QCLcBGAs/s640/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pZKWDqCA_NI/W7_ARn1MBHI/AAAAAAAAGiw/OvHWeOeRJuE2W_hMW-Tp9ZMYKDe2a-UoACLcBGAs/s1600/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pZKWDqCA_NI/W7_ARn1MBHI/AAAAAAAAGiw/OvHWeOeRJuE2W_hMW-Tp9ZMYKDe2a-UoACLcBGAs/s640/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0SAESp7cmOk/W7_AVovnOrI/AAAAAAAAGi4/4Hn7lQy1qh8B4c8PEnK63fV1Ta31uTl9wCLcBGAs/s1600/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0SAESp7cmOk/W7_AVovnOrI/AAAAAAAAGi4/4Hn7lQy1qh8B4c8PEnK63fV1Ta31uTl9wCLcBGAs/s640/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VGcgFtIaGZI/W7_ATR07w-I/AAAAAAAAGi0/9sAim1msRh8aKSZ9rFehJd5a9CvMptiCQCLcBGAs/s1600/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VGcgFtIaGZI/W7_ATR07w-I/AAAAAAAAGi0/9sAim1msRh8aKSZ9rFehJd5a9CvMptiCQCLcBGAs/s640/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the maqam</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZeXf77h7Pq8/W7_ArjdXjgI/AAAAAAAAGjM/ZqhjBjex50MnCTDkHO5ZPgrQYHOyDTbKACLcBGAs/s1600/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZeXf77h7Pq8/W7_ArjdXjgI/AAAAAAAAGjM/ZqhjBjex50MnCTDkHO5ZPgrQYHOyDTbKACLcBGAs/s640/Kuweiyis%2Bsheikh%2B08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The overall condition of the monument is satisfying. The workers of reservation Nahal ‘Amud keep it under control and do not let it collapse. Recently in the east wall of the maqam there appeared a dangerous hole to the left from the entrance, which was later filled up.</div>
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<i>Route</i>: We pass <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safed">Safed</a> (nearby <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_89_(Israel)">Highway 89</a>) by the asphalt road through Limonim forest and over 1.5 km stop near spring ‘Ein Howas. The maqam stands in 350 m to the west from the spring. A touristic path pass by the maqam along Nahal ‘Amud.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 20.08.15</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°57'05.7"N 35°28'42.7"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.951581,%2035.478516&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/93/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 93 (Sheet IV)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Marzuk</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ مرزوق</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' מרזוק</b></div>
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Only the maqam of sheikh Marzuk out of 24 Muslim shrines on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Heights">Golan Heights</a> remained intact till the present time. It belonged to the former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen">Turkoman</a> village al-‘Ulleika. “<i>Opposite the village, on the other side of the valley, on the Via maris, lies the beautifully built cupola kind of Wely of the Sheikh Marzuk. The whitewashed building serves as a land-mark for a long distance. The tomb is supposed to contain the remains of the Saint and some of his relatives; close by is a graveyard</i>” — said <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottlieb_Schumacher">G. Schumacher</a> (1888, 259).<br />
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The remains of the white paint are still visible on the walls and on the dome of the structure made of black basalt stones.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgha8vIAUPxhiqNaT3EWupVE7RTHXNNSCjDWHVQoEtwEPmDfHqyGzLLw8ssFVBeezCYvhYRd4TM4qR9s1gNYIk6a9lo-c-pnLOvZrjfiJnLAynTX_Gnuy7Hai6YG-HY9UEMCvC99KbKlIWKUTTT8qwr7wVSzTwhCx6ee_FUp_g5tdiIpTogIo9X9HS0Tg=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2848" data-original-width="4272" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgha8vIAUPxhiqNaT3EWupVE7RTHXNNSCjDWHVQoEtwEPmDfHqyGzLLw8ssFVBeezCYvhYRd4TM4qR9s1gNYIk6a9lo-c-pnLOvZrjfiJnLAynTX_Gnuy7Hai6YG-HY9UEMCvC99KbKlIWKUTTT8qwr7wVSzTwhCx6ee_FUp_g5tdiIpTogIo9X9HS0Tg=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Marzuk_sh_Jaulan_south.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="426" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Marzuk_sh_Jaulan_south.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Marzuk_sh_Jaulan_west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="426" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Marzuk_sh_Jaulan_west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam is 9.50 x 6.10 m and consists of two rooms: a Hall room with arched ceiling (the western room) and a domed Burial chamber (the eastern room). One can get into the hall through a door in the north wall, and turning to the left through a low doorway get into the Burial chamber. In the latter there in a <i>mihrab</i> in the south wall, with the remains of a cenotaph above it. In the basement of the dome on the south side there is a small window. In the Hall room pilgrims might have a night rest. Obviously, there was a special niche in the west wall for them.<br />
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A fragment of an ancient lintel decorated with a relief of a cross circumscribed within a circle and the letters alpha and omega is integrated in the lintel above the entrance. The lintel is broken lengthwise and only half of the cross remains. It was placed with the decorated side facing down. Several ashlar stones are also integrated in the walls of the structure.<br />
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Hall room</div>
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Marzuk_sh_Jaulan_room_1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="426" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Marzuk_sh_Jaulan_room_1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Entrance to Burial chamber</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FjunyOoqcjg/XBF_s9rM55I/AAAAAAAAHGc/wy3OyM1AVSUTJ04SY264aSA6yq1RL722QCLcBGAs/s1600/Marzuk%2Bsh%2BJaulan%2Bburial.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FjunyOoqcjg/XBF_s9rM55I/AAAAAAAAHGc/wy3OyM1AVSUTJ04SY264aSA6yq1RL722QCLcBGAs/s640/Marzuk%2Bsh%2BJaulan%2Bburial.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Burial chamber</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEjcn4QCa4r_UXJ3wFOKpFRc5NWPnNCEF5p2CuXEGbo4Nl07JkYkHfed1BzDvEbyhUU9faVG5IWYfA56YQs2rRATEYebw83-hk_rNsDIhERcOfBh-D7lKiOBJBEM5TMTrZQvMnDxzRIcHEgQv45YS_xG=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEjcn4QCa4r_UXJ3wFOKpFRc5NWPnNCEF5p2CuXEGbo4Nl07JkYkHfed1BzDvEbyhUU9faVG5IWYfA56YQs2rRATEYebw83-hk_rNsDIhERcOfBh-D7lKiOBJBEM5TMTrZQvMnDxzRIcHEgQv45YS_xG=s16383" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Marzuk_sh_Jaulan_mihrab.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="426" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Marzuk_sh_Jaulan_mihrab.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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There are remains of the Muslim cemetery around the maqam. Some of the tombs are built of ashlar stones among them lintels and doorjambs also. Many of the stones standing at the ends of the village seem to be Byzantine gravestones, but there are no inscriptions on them.<br />
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An old caravan road which G. Schumacher called a Rome <i>Via maris</i> that lead from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughters_of_Jacob_Bridge">Bridge Banat Yakub</a> to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quneitra">Quneitra</a> and passed between the maqam and the Wadi al-‘Ulleika (Gilabun Stream). Now it is almost invisible. On the north river bank there are barely visible ruins of the village al-‘Ulleika. There are also the remains of two ancient windmills.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I0qiEFh745Y/XBF__a7NTzI/AAAAAAAAHGk/hHRDqxX1jKkvR-6x9dsQs-WiayvQK1BzQCLcBGAs/s1600/Marzuk%2Bsh%2BJaulan%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I0qiEFh745Y/XBF__a7NTzI/AAAAAAAAHGk/hHRDqxX1jKkvR-6x9dsQs-WiayvQK1BzQCLcBGAs/s640/Marzuk%2Bsh%2BJaulan%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Fragment of the map of G. Schumacher</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bGHYR3a5gpI/XBGDUTLfGuI/AAAAAAAAHGw/efsu9aaCW40iinh9_UP5K8x92zfYVrlOgCLcBGAs/s1600/Ulleika%2BSchumacher.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="759" data-original-width="1028" height="472" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bGHYR3a5gpI/XBGDUTLfGuI/AAAAAAAAHGw/efsu9aaCW40iinh9_UP5K8x92zfYVrlOgCLcBGAs/s640/Ulleika%2BSchumacher.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dy4hcgNLk1Q8wjqN6CIO88mb4YWTXuiAdW8B6MY6DM0oQDBEWul-EwJXyrg9H_mIitr5FDcMpHZ1Qv8TY4RzQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Route</i>. You can reach the maqam from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_91_(Israel)">Highway 91</a>. At the 19th km of this Highway before an Israeli military base you should turn to the north, to the asphalt road follow it for 390 m, till the Nahal Gilbon (Gilabun Stream). The structure is 200 m to the west.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 19.10.19<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 33°03'01.2"N 35°42'02.1"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=33.050325,%2035.700582&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/jaulansurveyedf00schu#page/99/mode/1up">Schumacher 1888, 99</a>, <a href="http://archive.org/stream/jaulansurveyedf00schu#page/259/mode/1up">259</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/n279/mode/1up">Palästina-Vereins IX 246</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/n345/mode/1up">312</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/1113/site/16438">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Muhammad ar-Raslan (Majdal)</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ محمد ﺍﻠﺮﺴﻠﻦ</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' מוחמד אל-רסלן</b></div>
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The Palestinian village of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Majdal,_Tiberias">Majdal</a> (near Tiberias) had two shrines: the maqam of sheikh Muhammad al-‘Ajami to the north of the village and the maqam of sheikh Muhammad ar-Raslan (or ar-Ruslan) to the south of the village. The first shrine was mentioned by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> in 1863. He arrived in Majdal from the north, moving from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khirbat_al-Minya">Khan al-Minya</a>. “<i>At seven and twenty minutes I crossed the fifth important stream, called Wadi al-Hammam. Behind him is a wely dedicated to the saint Sidi al-Adjemy. At seven o'clock twenty-five minutes I reach el-Majdel, a village which I pass without stopping, having already visited it enough</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n262/mode/1up">Galilee I 249</a>).</div><div style="text-align: justify;">
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A Russian traveler A. Olesnitsky, who visited the settlement in 1874, wrote in his report, “<i>Nowadays Mejdel is a poor village. Two remains of towers built by Arabs and a white plastered tomb of the village sheikh are the only places of interest</i>“ (II, 452).<br />
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A English traveler <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Burton">Lady Burton</a> in her private journals published in 1875, she writes, “<i>First we came to Magdala (Mejdel)... There is a tomb here of a Shaykh (El Ajami), the name implies a Persian Santon; there is a tomb seen on a mountain, said to be that of Dinah, Jacob's daughter</i>” (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/innerlifeofsyria02burt#page/244/mode/1up">1875, 245</a>). Perhaps, the tomb of Dina, Jacob's daughter, should be understood as the second Muslim shrine — the maqam of sheikh Muhammad ar-Raslan.<br />
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A photo of maqam sheikh Muhammad al-‘Ajami is found in C. McCovn's article “Muslim Shrines in Palestine” (<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3768451?seq=32#metadata_info_tab_contents">1922, 78</a>). Next to the maqam is a sacred tree. However, the image is rather unclear.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lwWIHJd2nJ4/YB59mKfqz7I/AAAAAAAAHu0/MQKj_mpixIsJZfovSejsKV5IYs9gVgYSgCLcBGAsYHQ/s784/McCown%2B1922%2B78.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="784" height="512" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lwWIHJd2nJ4/YB59mKfqz7I/AAAAAAAAHu0/MQKj_mpixIsJZfovSejsKV5IYs9gVgYSgCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h512/McCown%2B1922%2B78.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Location of Majdal's shrines on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.06.jpg">PEF map of 1880</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Kx0XYJwUd8I/YB6AqoKHW7I/AAAAAAAAHvA/MXRAXHu9FsUaOnrRxGjhDggqREA-b-xeACLcBGAsYHQ/s1000/Majdal%2Bshrines%2BPEF%2Bmap.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="1000" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Kx0XYJwUd8I/YB6AqoKHW7I/AAAAAAAAHvA/MXRAXHu9FsUaOnrRxGjhDggqREA-b-xeACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h426/Majdal%2Bshrines%2BPEF%2Bmap.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">Location of Majdal's shrines on the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19-24-Migdal-1954.jpg">British map</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7fxuDHBIxxo/YB6DxLFC9cI/AAAAAAAAHvM/nkeyXuxHjbsZGiKko6DBsMDYcFpmgHKHgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1696/Majdal%2Bshrines%2BBritish%2Bmap.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1060" data-original-width="1696" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7fxuDHBIxxo/YB6DxLFC9cI/AAAAAAAAHvM/nkeyXuxHjbsZGiKko6DBsMDYcFpmgHKHgCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h400/Majdal%2Bshrines%2BBritish%2Bmap.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
After 1948 settlement Majdal became depopulated and was leveled with the ground with Israeli bulldozers (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tNioAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Schaberg 2004, 49</a>). Then the maqam of sheikh Muhammad al-‘Ajami disappeared. But the maqam of sheikh Muhammad ar-Raslan, located south of the village, has survived. Since the 19th century it has been often marked on engraving plates, pictures, photos, postcards and tourist broshures. It's possible to make a whole collection of such images.<br />
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On pictures of the European travelers of the 19th century you can see white tombstones near the maqam of sheikh Muhammad ar-Raslan. There probably used to be a small Muslim cemetery.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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Picture of the maqam sheikh Muhammad ar-Raslan (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales02wilsuoft#page/70/mode/1up">Wilson 1884, II 70</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-f9HaR1t0CyE/W8EDT7jaNFI/AAAAAAAAGkg/3-3yz_gDxY0MYRITEyppsy_BA-C1dXSKwCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2Bsh%2BWilson.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="620" data-original-width="640" height="620" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-f9HaR1t0CyE/W8EDT7jaNFI/AAAAAAAAGkg/3-3yz_gDxY0MYRITEyppsy_BA-C1dXSKwCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2Bsh%2BWilson.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Picture of 1906</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MBVntWYt89k/W8EDQaoycWI/AAAAAAAAGkY/QnJitVpadn0yL5cFAf3OO-zzd6l-U9W9QCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2Bsh%2B1906.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="442" data-original-width="685" height="412" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MBVntWYt89k/W8EDQaoycWI/AAAAAAAAGkY/QnJitVpadn0yL5cFAf3OO-zzd6l-U9W9QCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2Bsh%2B1906.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1910s</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tPRCHg_Fx2k/W8EDJNzE3zI/AAAAAAAAGkI/mJCeQT61-tcqpyOECPKjwnPiLDBiE9btQCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2B1910.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1332" data-original-width="994" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tPRCHg_Fx2k/W8EDJNzE3zI/AAAAAAAAGkI/mJCeQT61-tcqpyOECPKjwnPiLDBiE9btQCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2B1910.jpg" width="476" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1910s</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B2XIRnV0vBI/W8EDQTFZAjI/AAAAAAAAGkU/Els5Q6c1iyU_fTjeyl6_ZjeI2Ru0unQlwCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2Bsh%2B1900%2B%255B3%255D.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="590" data-original-width="719" height="524" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B2XIRnV0vBI/W8EDQTFZAjI/AAAAAAAAGkU/Els5Q6c1iyU_fTjeyl6_ZjeI2Ru0unQlwCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2Bsh%2B1900%2B%255B3%255D.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />According to W. Khalidi, “<i>The only remaining village landmark is the neglected shrine of Muhammad al-‘Ajami, a low, square, stone structure topped by a formerly whitewashed dome</i>” (1992, 530). In his book, Khalidi published a photo of the maqam of sheikh Muhammad ar-Raslan, confusing it with the disappeared maqam of sheikh Muhammad al-‘Ajami. This erroneous name of the shrine was taken by the following researchers.<br />
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Photo of 1987 (from the book by W. Khalidi)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A5rVMg-cDbI/W8EDTB5AQZI/AAAAAAAAGkc/1quj5gkUaVk8uFw2ot5_Sa2ISoAVOpUjgCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2Bsh%2B1987%2BKhalidi.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="631" data-original-width="821" height="490" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A5rVMg-cDbI/W8EDTB5AQZI/AAAAAAAAGkc/1quj5gkUaVk8uFw2ot5_Sa2ISoAVOpUjgCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2Bsh%2B1987%2BKhalidi.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior. (Photo from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rJP4tKS24MM/W8EBesu9ExI/AAAAAAAAGj4/ReIh46pGbr0wlvIYI9Xym7jlFENoI7ZpgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%252C%2BMajdal%2B1991.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="792" height="420" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rJP4tKS24MM/W8EBesu9ExI/AAAAAAAAGj4/ReIh46pGbr0wlvIYI9Xym7jlFENoI7ZpgCEwYBhgL/s640/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%252C%2BMajdal%2B1991.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A. Petersen, who studied the maqam in 1991, described it as follows, “<i>This building stands between the lake, and the main road between Tiberias and Qiryat Shimona. The shrine is a small square building with a shallow dome supported by squinches. The shrine is entered by a doorway on the north side (there is also a small window on the same side). There appear to be two tombs inside, one is approximately lm high, whilst the other is marked only by a low kerb of stones. The larger tomb is covered with purple and green cloth</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">2001, 210</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qQzM0PH76zo/W8EDwP9WpqI/AAAAAAAAGlA/qmrBdMbQz3MH04edFeL-RYAbWK7QGKDfgCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2B1.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="676" data-original-width="942" height="458" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qQzM0PH76zo/W8EDwP9WpqI/AAAAAAAAGlA/qmrBdMbQz3MH04edFeL-RYAbWK7QGKDfgCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2B1.gif" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TfaAu52LHx0/W8EBdZjL7YI/AAAAAAAAGjk/G7Mb3FDSZLImijUAozDtxP6J9xOa0e5QACLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%252C%2BMajdal%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TfaAu52LHx0/W8EBdZjL7YI/AAAAAAAAGjk/G7Mb3FDSZLImijUAozDtxP6J9xOa0e5QACLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%252C%2BMajdal%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the Highway 90</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZCthmdzNFVw/W8EBdXbHxVI/AAAAAAAAGjw/hfodZHGdJLII210ftEj14Fl7uzwbJ3hmgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%252C%2BMajdal%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZCthmdzNFVw/W8EBdXbHxVI/AAAAAAAAGjw/hfodZHGdJLII210ftEj14Fl7uzwbJ3hmgCEwYBhgL/s640/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%252C%2BMajdal%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fo07FEHhz_k/W8EBdJomI9I/AAAAAAAAGj0/_i3eM5PoS5sDhBJvV6gAzyMpmgDhrsKbQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%252C%2BMajdal%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fo07FEHhz_k/W8EBdJomI9I/AAAAAAAAGj0/_i3eM5PoS5sDhBJvV6gAzyMpmgDhrsKbQCEwYBhgL/s640/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%252C%2BMajdal%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Muslim traces are still visible in the maqam. The cenotaph is covered with white and red cloths, green as well, lamps hanging on the wall. Recently the dome was painted green, to tell the truth it was just poured with green paints. An empty can lies in front of the entrance. The painting itself seems to be done in a hurry.<br />
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It's worth mentioning that there is no <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab">mihrab</a>. One cenotaph stands at the south wall; the second (which A. Petersen described) isn't seen anywhere.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_5yNE3ePFTA/W8EDXJqtYzI/AAAAAAAAGk8/Hp9zsQLciPgFpfDSUxLgNjVruv4cuUE4gCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2Bsh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_5yNE3ePFTA/W8EDXJqtYzI/AAAAAAAAGk8/Hp9zsQLciPgFpfDSUxLgNjVruv4cuUE4gCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Muhammad%2Bal-Ajami%2Bsh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>: The maqam stands on the side of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_90_(Israel)">Highway 90</a>, 500 m to the north of the Migdal junction.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 21.08.15<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°49'24.3"N 35°30'58.1"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.823420,%2035.516145&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n262/mode/1up">Guérin, Galilee I 249</a>; Olesnitsky II, 452; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/innerlifeofsyria02burt#page/244/mode/1up">Burton 1875, 245</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/134/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 134 (Sheet VI)</a> (“Sheikh er Ruslan”); <a href="http://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales02wilsuoft#page/70/mode/1up">Wilson 1884, II 70</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 140</a> (“Sheikh er Ruslan”); <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3768451?seq=32#page_scan_tab_contents">McCown 1922, 78</a>; Khalidi 1992, 530 (erroneous name “the shrine of Muhammad al-‘Ajami”); <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 210</a> (erroneous name “the shrine of Muhammad al-‘Ajami”); <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tNioAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Schaberg 2004, 49</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.8233304,35.5160733,3a,60y,67.67h,83.53t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sEFOjR-oDmpEvpcj_yrn8_g!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Tomb of nabi Shuwamin</b></div>
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<b>مقام النبي شويمين</b></div>
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<b>קבר נבי שוואמין</b></div>
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A small Muslim cemetery with a maqam is everything left from Palastinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubya">Lubya</a>. In 19th century this shrine was called nabi Eshua ibn Amin and it was known to European explorers under such name. Obviously, nabi Eshua stands for the Old Testament <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha">Elisha</a> the Prophet (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/132/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 132</a>). On the map of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine">British Mandate</a> the shrine on this place is called the tomb of nabi Shuwamin (Shwamin). You may suppose that this name is a New-Arabic abbreviation of the same name – nabi Eshua ibn Amin — nabi Shuwamin.<br />
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The tomb of the Old Testament prophet highlightened an exceptional importance of village Lubya. Actually biblical Elisha was the son of Shaphat from Abel-meholah (3 Kings 19:16), in Islam Elisha is identified with prophet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha#In_Islam">al-Yasa</a> mentioned in the Koran (6:86; 38-48). Among the Palestinians biblical prophet Elisha might be known as nabi Eshua, and patronym Ibn Amin should be understood as “the son of faith”, “the religious”.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4dT0MRd5sHE/W8S32cZ6UpI/AAAAAAAAGo0/w3bOlD8X1zA_W5coN4c9EjcNTmHGfHBFwCLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B02.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4dT0MRd5sHE/W8S32cZ6UpI/AAAAAAAAGo0/w3bOlD8X1zA_W5coN4c9EjcNTmHGfHBFwCLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B02.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The cemetery of Lubya</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vDMByDvo63k/W8S3zjNUoKI/AAAAAAAAGow/6VbgN6E4fzUZjKv5Fm7_5OI_N6Q4MhK_gCLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B03.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vDMByDvo63k/W8S3zjNUoKI/AAAAAAAAGow/6VbgN6E4fzUZjKv5Fm7_5OI_N6Q4MhK_gCLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B03.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The structure (5.0 x 5.0 m) is a domed burial chamber, the walls decorated with arched roof. The entrance in the south wall is partly ruined: the upper part of the wall collapsed. There is no cenotaph in the room. In the south wall there is a high (1.8 m) and quite deep <i>mihrab</i>. Due to the brickwork the tomb can be dated to the middle of the 19th century, some restoration made afterwards. Though obviously the shrine has existed there long before.<br />
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It is interesting that this shire is also worshipped by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze">Druzes</a>, who think it is a tomb of the Druze scientist of the 11th century, sheikh Adjara al-Hama. There is a sign “Al Hama Dome” on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_77_(Israel)">Highway 77</a>. In book “Druses and holy places” Shimon Avivi says that this structure is the tomb of two Druze religious leaders of the 11th century. The Druzes made a few unsuccessful attempts to capture the shrine.<br />
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--N8YLVX-vNw/W8S3XVMwS3I/AAAAAAAAGos/EtNHzPF9oP8Ab4kNk2GExVY0DKx0Y_5QwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B05.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--N8YLVX-vNw/W8S3XVMwS3I/AAAAAAAAGos/EtNHzPF9oP8Ab4kNk2GExVY0DKx0Y_5QwCEwYBhgL/s640/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B05.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h31ToCAw5wQ/W8S4fqr36WI/AAAAAAAAGpQ/QeSUtXjzbogVUMnWqELjHsgH6fYY2qRjQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B08.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h31ToCAw5wQ/W8S4fqr36WI/AAAAAAAAGpQ/QeSUtXjzbogVUMnWqELjHsgH6fYY2qRjQCEwYBhgL/s640/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B08.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BRyIQkTYpLU/XOreZuINFYI/AAAAAAAAHQQ/Nj8tfeQlC6g4Q1ciMgKW7BQQv6lJLurOACLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1081" data-original-width="1600" height="432" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BRyIQkTYpLU/XOreZuINFYI/AAAAAAAAHQQ/Nj8tfeQlC6g4Q1ciMgKW7BQQv6lJLurOACLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The tomb's interior</div>
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fI5VW_F8VY8/XOrfjjLvdGI/AAAAAAAAHQY/k4tq7Nrk_e8npQnb90ltebNGDUIWqx1KwCLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fI5VW_F8VY8/XOrfjjLvdGI/AAAAAAAAHQY/k4tq7Nrk_e8npQnb90ltebNGDUIWqx1KwCLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The tomb's interior</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Oc0L9pYKxos/W8S4kcY8EYI/AAAAAAAAGpU/uLOT1jXs24k8Bm9-PUs9nF7Q2Da57jq_wCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B09.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Oc0L9pYKxos/W8S4kcY8EYI/AAAAAAAAGpU/uLOT1jXs24k8Bm9-PUs9nF7Q2Da57jq_wCEwYBhgL/s640/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B09.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RIwDciw6Tgw/W8S46Lho2LI/AAAAAAAAGpg/0UUiXXRif8oeYZeCXmrXnpFcLQhCMnpRgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B12.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RIwDciw6Tgw/W8S46Lho2LI/AAAAAAAAGpg/0UUiXXRif8oeYZeCXmrXnpFcLQhCMnpRgCEwYBhgL/s640/Nabi%2BShuwamin%2B12.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Arabs succeeded to take control over their shrine, and a few Arabic inscriptions inside the Burial chamber prove that: “Palestine”, “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifada">Intifada</a> or Death”, “Soon I will come back to my home”.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qp1-9-KXQX4/XytZfC08WQI/AAAAAAAAHnA/UcOqv07DGA81KWbrLjBJZFmcp6ovim0IgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Shuwamin%2Bnabi%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1212" data-original-width="1172" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qp1-9-KXQX4/XytZfC08WQI/AAAAAAAAHnA/UcOqv07DGA81KWbrLjBJZFmcp6ovim0IgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Shuwamin%2Bnabi%2Bair.jpg" width="618" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The disappeared Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubya">Lubya</a> was a bit to the west from present Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giv%27at_Avni">Giv'at Avni</a>. <a href="https://govmap.gov.il/?c=240354.91,742723.07&z=10&b=2">The cemetery of Lubya</a> is located to the north, <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.7793738,35.4272924,2a,15y,156.46h,101.84t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1s_BOEVuaK3Osp5_gIwqMxzA!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3D_BOEVuaK3Osp5_gIwqMxzA%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D180.1075%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656">300 m</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_77_(Israel)">Highway 77</a>. You can reach the tomb of nabi Shuwamin from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golani_Interchange">Golani Interchange</a>. Nearby the junction of Highway 77 there is a petrol station, from which a road goes to the park zone – Lavi forest. After passing this zone you get to the cemetery of Lubya.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 13.08.18<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°46'43.5"N 35°25'39.5"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.778735,%2035.427624&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/132/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 132 (Sheet VI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA131#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 13</a></div>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-91297829017704563632013-01-28T16:57:00.001-08:002020-05-20T11:18:38.021-07:001. Turbas in Jerusalem<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The Arabic word “<i>turba</i>” means “tomb, tombstone.” This term applies only to Muslim shrines located in Jerusalem. Outside Jerusalem such burial structures are called in Arabic “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqam_(shrine)"><i>maqam</i></a>” (“place, stop, stand”), if a sheikh, imam or someone very important is buried there; or more generally – “<i>kabr</i>” (“grave”). Note also that the word “<i>turba</i>”, when used with a proper name of a person or a place, is used in the form of “<i>turbat</i>”.</div>
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<b>Turbat al-Kubakiya</b></div>
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<b>ضريح الكبكي</b></div>
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<b>תורבת כובכייה</b></div>
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This exemplary tomb is located in the heart of Jerusalem, on the territory of Muslim cemetery <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamilla_Cemetery">Mamilla Cemetery</a>, opposite the former hotel “Palas”. Built in the Mamluk era, it is well maintained and still preserves its primordial appearance. In this turba is buried emir ‘Ala ad-Din Aydughdi ibn ‘Abdallah al-Kubaki (hence the name), the ruler of Safad and Aleppo in the times of Mamluk sultan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baibars">Baybars</a>. He died in Jerusalem in 1289 and was buried with great honors.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DJHKFikCoZA/UQZwhaJVGyI/AAAAAAAAB1w/h3nIECfU2hg/s1600/Turbat+Kubakia+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DJHKFikCoZA/UQZwhaJVGyI/AAAAAAAAB1w/h3nIECfU2hg/s640/Turbat+Kubakia+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fZU_lsbs88Y/USAyglg3WvI/AAAAAAAACJo/i-WbGnIt4uA/s1600/Turbat+Kubakia+08+air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fZU_lsbs88Y/USAyglg3WvI/AAAAAAAACJo/i-WbGnIt4uA/s640/Turbat+Kubakia+08+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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This is how Muslim historian of 15th century, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujir_al-Din">Mujir ad-Din</a>, described the tomb: “<i>The Zawiyeh al-Kebekiyeh. In the cemetery of Mamilla there is a well-built kubbeh known by the name of al-Kebekiyeh, after that of the Emir 'Ala ad-Din Aydughdi, the son of 'Abd Allah al-Kebeky</i>”.<br />
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“<i>Kubbeh</i>”, “<i>Qubbat</i>” – “dome, structure with a dome" is another synonym for the word "tomb”.<br />
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Turbat al-Kubakiya might have been charted on the map of Jerusalem, published in a book by Jean Zuallart “Il devotissimo viaggio di Gerusalemme” (1587), under the name of “<i>Sepolchri de Turchi</i>” (“Turkish tomb”). There are English and Spanish versions of this map. One can see that the structure is located on the territory of a Muslim cemetery not far from the road leading to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffa_Gate">Jaffa Gate</a>. On the French map of Jerusalem in a book published in 1629, Turbat al-Kubakiya has a crescent on the top of the dome and is located near the pool, now known as Birket Mamilla. Perhaps, once a crescent really used to crown the turba. There is no crescent in the drawings made in the 19th century.</div>
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Map of Jerusalem from the book by Jean Zuallart (1587)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bOUPcsz57VQ/UQZxmFOEmSI/AAAAAAAAB3w/bfh4QTG8OLk/s1600/Hierusalem+1587+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="520" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bOUPcsz57VQ/UQZxmFOEmSI/AAAAAAAAB3w/bfh4QTG8OLk/s640/Hierusalem+1587+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A fragment of a French map of Jerusalem of 1629</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QoIjx79crO0/UQZxkmL8TzI/AAAAAAAAB3o/Iuq-lv5Ic78/s1600/Hierusalem+1629+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QoIjx79crO0/UQZxkmL8TzI/AAAAAAAAB3o/Iuq-lv5Ic78/s640/Hierusalem+1629+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The drawing of Turbat al-Kubakiya of 1860 (from the book by Vincent–Abel)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b0L4IBJeuSY/UQZxDF3OREI/AAAAAAAAB24/StYb9veVqPg/s1600/Mamilla+pool+1860+%2528Vincent%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="468" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b0L4IBJeuSY/UQZxDF3OREI/AAAAAAAAB24/StYb9veVqPg/s640/Mamilla+pool+1860+%2528Vincent%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The drawing of the Mamilla Cemetery of 1863 (from the book by J. Sepp)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JefqD3SpeL0/UQZxEu4Fm9I/AAAAAAAAB3I/J62rjmdr62Q/s1600/Mamilla+pool+1863+%2528Sepp%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JefqD3SpeL0/UQZxEu4Fm9I/AAAAAAAAB3I/J62rjmdr62Q/s1600/Mamilla+pool+1863+%2528Sepp%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
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The drawing of 1894</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kVwHJPXqmiM/UQZxNkws4KI/AAAAAAAAB3Q/-e82s-qIXfc/s1600/Mamilla+pool+1894.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="490" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kVwHJPXqmiM/UQZxNkws4KI/AAAAAAAAB3Q/-e82s-qIXfc/s640/Mamilla+pool+1894.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1890s</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ksg2x9jLFmw/UQZxQ6ojTAI/AAAAAAAAB3g/SSrfQ3zfpqA/s1600/Mamilla+pool+1890s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="390" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ksg2x9jLFmw/UQZxQ6ojTAI/AAAAAAAAB3g/SSrfQ3zfpqA/s640/Mamilla+pool+1890s.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1908</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2StoUuNTCkc/UQZxQJ4bvJI/AAAAAAAAB3Y/acU4Q38PO7E/s1600/Mamilla+pool+1908a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="486" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2StoUuNTCkc/UQZxQJ4bvJI/AAAAAAAAB3Y/acU4Q38PO7E/s640/Mamilla+pool+1908a.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Picture of 1869 (from the book by Ludovic de Vaux)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YLUN1UB_mpE/VF5r_BfnUVI/AAAAAAAACvM/m5GI7pKNh3s/s1600/Turbat%2BKubakia%2B1869.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YLUN1UB_mpE/VF5r_BfnUVI/AAAAAAAACvM/m5GI7pKNh3s/s1600/Turbat%2BKubakia%2B1869.jpg" width="484" /></a></div>
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Judging by this picture, Turbat al-Kubakiya was partly destroyed in the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century it was fully restored. Around Turba remained some Muslim gravestones.</div>
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Photo of 1904 (from the book by J. Hanauer)</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Xp7FHS4dt_M/UQZxAAgMQeI/AAAAAAAAB2w/HZsWCj5IgdE/s1600/Turbat+Kubakia+1904.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="572" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Xp7FHS4dt_M/UQZxAAgMQeI/AAAAAAAAB2w/HZsWCj5IgdE/s640/Turbat+Kubakia+1904.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1920s (from the book by Vincent–Abel)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3Mt6h_bcUCw/UQZxDkijLUI/AAAAAAAAB28/_hUEFG1n5dI/s1600/Turbat+Kubakia+1910.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="524" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3Mt6h_bcUCw/UQZxDkijLUI/AAAAAAAAB28/_hUEFG1n5dI/s640/Turbat+Kubakia+1910.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Drawing by T. H. Ivers, May 1919
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cVWKMrE3Xe8/VG-qNWBqF0I/AAAAAAAAC_U/7MO_IepWxzg/s1600/Turbat%2BKubakia%2B1919.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cVWKMrE3Xe8/VG-qNWBqF0I/AAAAAAAAC_U/7MO_IepWxzg/s1600/Turbat%2BKubakia%2B1919.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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This turba is a nearly perfect cube measuring 6.34 x 6.28 x 3.55 m, with a dome 2.80 m high. Its walls are not oriented to the cardinals. Ornate entrance to the tomb is on the north-west side. It is noted that although the turba was built in typical <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk</a> style, it includes many of the architectural elements borrowed from the tombs of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades">Crusader period</a> that were situated in Jerusalem. These architectural elements are the pointed arch over the entrance and, especially, two consoles that replicate the consoles in the churches built by the crusaders. Examining the turba in 1873, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">C. Clermont-Ganneau</a> found many Latin masons' marks which place their origin beyond doubt (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre01cler#page/287/mode/1up">ARP I 287</a>). However, there is an opinion that the whole tomb was constructed from parts of the tombs of the crusaders which had been taken from the temple of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre">Holy Sepulchre</a>. As <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Murphy-O%27Connor">J. Murphy-O'Connor</a> noted “<i>the cenotaph has no Islamic parallel, and is probably of Crusader origin</i>.” (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=m3Yy9FDcT8gC&hl=no&pg=PA168&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">2008, 168</a>) We should add that plenty of such tombstones can be found on the Mamilla Cemetery.</div>
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View from the north-west </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VLUGxleephQ/UQZwtkjtEvI/AAAAAAAAB2A/LG9YfXRQzRE/s1600/Turbat+Kubakia+03+%2528north-west%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VLUGxleephQ/UQZwtkjtEvI/AAAAAAAAB2A/LG9YfXRQzRE/s640/Turbat+Kubakia+03+%2528north-west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RSKUkrPPv1g/UQZwn2BNQmI/AAAAAAAAB14/q5UGPvNeS8U/s1600/Turbat+Kubakia+02+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RSKUkrPPv1g/UQZwn2BNQmI/AAAAAAAAB14/q5UGPvNeS8U/s640/Turbat+Kubakia+02+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The cenotaph</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Pr4NYoZa3o0/UQZw8r9uTQI/AAAAAAAAB2Y/FJ9hG1PJWGY/s1600/Turbat+Kubakia+05+%2528cenotaph%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Pr4NYoZa3o0/UQZw8r9uTQI/AAAAAAAAB2Y/FJ9hG1PJWGY/s400/Turbat+Kubakia+05+%2528cenotaph%2529.jpg" width="298" /></a></div>
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In 2009 the Municipality, seeing that the homeless use the turba as a doss house, decided to block access to the interior. Masonry was laid in the luxuriously decorated north side of the tomb. Later this brickwork was partially disassembled and the metal door was installed. Bars were installed on windows. A stone cenotaph inside the turba is surrounded by jerrycans with brown liquid of unknown origin.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 30.07.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°46'43.1"N 35°13'17.4"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.778143,35.221717&spn=0.005253,0.007929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/ildevotissimovia00zual#page/123/mode/1up">Zuallart 1587, 123</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/relationofjourne00sand#page/201/mode/1up">Sandys 1621, 201</a>; <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.ah5mlb;seq=290;view=1up;num=244">Sepp 1863, I 244</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre01cler#page/286/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP I 286–287</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/histoiredejrus00ulayuoft#page/200/mode/1up">Sauvaire 1876, 200</a>; <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62007144/f313.image">Ludovic de Vaux 1883, 297</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/cu31924029152845#page/n27/mode/1up">Hanauer 1904, 21</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/jrusalemrecher02vincuoft#page/871/mode/1up">Vincent–Abel 1922, 871</a>; Bahat 1996, 110; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=m3Yy9FDcT8gC&hl=no&pg=PA168&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Murphy-O’Connor 2008, 167–168</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/63/site/11492">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>
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<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7784063,35.2216869,3a,75y,317.95h,98.7t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPJIZUGx86JmU_u2J3hBKcUSAL-vmIVMplk3UA!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPJIZUGx86JmU_u2J3hBKcUSAL-vmIVMplk3UA%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya258.7307-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7786074,35.2215406,3a,75y,139.53h,96.53t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOaYiqkxyyRyPsVEVO6VYpReUN760a5t9q9qQo!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOaYiqkxyyRyPsVEVO6VYpReUN760a5t9q9qQo%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya237.76622-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Panorama 2</a><br />
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<b>Turbat al-Qameria</b></div>
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<b>ضريح القيمرية</b></div>
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<b>תורבת קמרייה</b></div>
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The tomb of impressive size, built in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk period</a>. Here three members of the Qameri family, who died in battles with the <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/%E2%80%9Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades">Crusaders</a> in 1251–1266, were buried. But burials also happened here in the following centuries. Now there are five tombstones in the turba. During the archaeological excavations in 2003 ashlar stone with two inscriptions in Arabic was found. The first inscription says: “<i>This is the tomb of sheikh ‘Abd al-Rahman Sa‘ad Kamal, a gift for his soul the fatha will be read in 1310 AH</i> (1892 CE).” The second says: “<i>The tomb of ‘Akasha, friend of the Prophet</i>.”<br />
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2MByE0_PRzs/UQZw5wg4TYI/AAAAAAAAB2Q/BQ6J237KwRo/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+01+%2528west%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2MByE0_PRzs/UQZw5wg4TYI/AAAAAAAAB2Q/BQ6J237KwRo/s640/Turbat+Kameria+01+%2528west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dAUzAhLx2T8/USAycMIxj0I/AAAAAAAACJg/nLqn-ouZq1c/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dAUzAhLx2T8/USAycMIxj0I/AAAAAAAACJg/nLqn-ouZq1c/s640/Turbat+Kameria+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1918</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-n20Kr9LtPgM/VG-rY9etLjI/AAAAAAAAC_c/WDULOmTCGJ4/s1600/Turbat%2BKameria%2B1918.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-n20Kr9LtPgM/VG-rY9etLjI/AAAAAAAAC_c/WDULOmTCGJ4/s1600/Turbat%2BKameria%2B1918.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1920s (from the article by C. McCown)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6uSVmroh2BI/UQZwYrJ8nPI/AAAAAAAAB1k/wbAPgCkg-1Q/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+%2528McCown+53%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6uSVmroh2BI/UQZwYrJ8nPI/AAAAAAAAB1k/wbAPgCkg-1Q/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+%2528McCown+53%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1930s</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-us8tv9oEKtU/UQZwX6UUUFI/AAAAAAAAB1g/GgmsK8IJV8I/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+1930.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-us8tv9oEKtU/UQZwX6UUUFI/AAAAAAAAB1g/GgmsK8IJV8I/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+1930.jpg" /></a></div>
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Turba is located in the center of Jerusalem, adjacent to the orthodox quarter of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mea_Shearim">Mea Shearim</a>, between the streets Yisha'ayahu and Strauss. A hundred feet away is situated no longer functioning locked mosque with a minaret, called the Prophet ‘Akasha, causing turba often being confused with it and called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebi_Akasha_Mosque">Nabi ‘Akasha Mosque</a>. Between the tomb and the mosque there is a playground with swings where Jewish mothers bring their children. The day we were there, Jerusalem kids were frolicking around us, but it didn’t hinder us from filming and measuring the tomb.<br />
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PQrLQIXlDGA/UQZvggi-xuI/AAAAAAAAB04/--VPgXmOha0/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+02+%2528east%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PQrLQIXlDGA/UQZvggi-xuI/AAAAAAAAB04/--VPgXmOha0/s640/Turbat+Kameria+02+%2528east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5VpXs4wIDlo/UQZwM3pz9oI/AAAAAAAAB1I/Tmmuw139gOU/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+03+%2528north%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5VpXs4wIDlo/UQZwM3pz9oI/AAAAAAAAB1I/Tmmuw139gOU/s640/Turbat+Kameria+03+%2528north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OSBnjAg1D6o/UQZyn_VN9QI/AAAAAAAAB38/XcRhOcokmXw/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+05+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OSBnjAg1D6o/UQZyn_VN9QI/AAAAAAAAB38/XcRhOcokmXw/s640/Turbat+Kameria+05+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gpnA-FQpp1M/UQZwWa0RAXI/AAAAAAAAB1Q/yhu4YdyCIhA/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+06.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gpnA-FQpp1M/UQZwWa0RAXI/AAAAAAAAB1Q/yhu4YdyCIhA/s640/Turbat+Kameria+06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Nabi ‘Akasha Mosque</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Htn9IIvudCM/UQ2mKQPYpZI/AAAAAAAAB9Y/MRvfoHUrKjA/s1600/Neby+Akasha+mosque.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Htn9IIvudCM/UQ2mKQPYpZI/AAAAAAAAB9Y/MRvfoHUrKjA/s640/Neby+Akasha+mosque.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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From time to time Israeli ultras desecrate Muslim monument by drawing offensive inscriptions in Hebrew on its walls. And each time such inscriptions are thoroughly whipped off. Last time the tomb was desecrated in December 2011. Here's a photo of that time:<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XaMDbtyui4k/UQZwXKL5KYI/AAAAAAAAB1Y/rZdcImm1ZlM/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XaMDbtyui4k/UQZwXKL5KYI/AAAAAAAAB1Y/rZdcImm1ZlM/s1600/Turbat+Kameria+08.jpg" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 30.07.12<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.784864,35.219711&spn=0.005645,0.010568&t=h&z=16&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vXy5VI4ZVEc/Vk4nv2B5LzI/AAAAAAAAF00/3Xf_56MKOME/s1600/Turbat%2BKameria%2Bmap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="603" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vXy5VI4ZVEc/Vk4nv2B5LzI/AAAAAAAAF00/3Xf_56MKOME/s640/Turbat%2BKameria%2Bmap.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°47'06.9"N 35°13'04.7"E<br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3768451?seq=7">McCown 1922, 53</a>; <a href="http://www.antiquities.org.il/survey/new/default_en.aspx?pid=11115">The Archaeological Survey of Israel </a>; <a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=1292&mag_id=115&print=all">Hadashot Arkheologiyot</a>; Wikipedia: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebi_Akasha_Mosque">Nebi Akasha Mosque</a>, <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%AA">Jerusalem in the period Mamluk</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/63/site/11115">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-84254467305701163652013-01-28T06:27:00.001-08:002020-11-25T11:50:28.334-08:002. Tombs of the Prophets<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Tomb of nabi Bulus (Paul the Apostle)</b></div>
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<b>مقام النبي بولس</b></div>
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<b>קבר נבי בולוס</b></div>
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“Nabi Bulus” in Arabic means none other than <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle">St. Paul</a>, the hero of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles">Acts</a> and the author of fourteen epistles from the New Testament. It is believed that Muslims hate Paul for misrepresenting the true teachings of Prophet ‘Isa, i.e. Jesus Christ, and instead of the true religion of Allah, preached by ‘Isa ibn Maryam, created Christianity. Modern Muslims may think so, but their ancestors thought differently. In the Middle Ages Muslims revered Paul as one of the prophets. A prominent Islamic scholar <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a> (1301–1373), for example, in his interpretation of the Quran mentioned messengers Shamoun (Simon-Peter), Yuhanna (St. John) and Bulus (Paul) as faithful followers of Prophet ‘Isa. Speaking about Bulus, Ibn Kathir pointed out that he preached in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antakya">Antakya</a> (Antioch of Syria). It is clear that information about Bulus-Paul Islamic scholar learned from church tradition.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Nvxr5iW9MdQ/UQRRI6FZN2I/AAAAAAAABdE/4bMpF70dScE/s1600/Neby+Bulus+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Nvxr5iW9MdQ/UQRRI6FZN2I/AAAAAAAABdE/4bMpF70dScE/s640/Neby+Bulus+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--H5Mtpot6wk/USAx2xfovpI/AAAAAAAACI4/zb5wYTc5_hM/s1600/Neby+Bulus+10+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--H5Mtpot6wk/USAx2xfovpI/AAAAAAAACI4/zb5wYTc5_hM/s640/Neby+Bulus+10+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The tomb is located to the south from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Jimal">Beit Jimal Monastery</a> and is directly adjacent to residential areas in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramat_Beit_Shemesh">Ramat Beit Shemesh</a>. It can be clearly seen from the Highway leading to the interchange Beit Shemesh Darom. Structure consists of the tomb itself, 4.5 x 12.6 m (rooms A and B), and the Prayer hall (mosque), 6.4 x 12.6 m (room C). Under the Prayer hall there is quite a spacious storage with a pointed vault. A Burial chamber is crowned with a small dome. Not so long ago a stone cenotaph of nabi Bulus could be found in the tomb (A. Petersen still had a chance to look at it in 1994); but now it is not there, though one can easily identify the spot on the floor where it was standing.<br />
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In the religious complex were from the north, through the central arch. So the room B can be considered as a hallway or living room, from which one can get into the Burial chamber (A) and the Prayer hall (C).<br />
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Plan of the tomb (from the book of A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_1hL05Hbj_8/UQRTFkLCKwI/AAAAAAAABeI/XL9J7BIgNlg/s1600/Neby+Bulus+09+%2528plan%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_1hL05Hbj_8/UQRTFkLCKwI/AAAAAAAABeI/XL9J7BIgNlg/s640/Neby+Bulus+09+%2528plan%2529.jpg" width="416" /></a></div>
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Photo by H. Berger of 1930s</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0NNJGZ6UD5Q/UQXKKm3-PII/AAAAAAAABzI/uJaURijC47s/s1600/Neby+Bulus+1930s+%28Berger%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0NNJGZ6UD5Q/UQXKKm3-PII/AAAAAAAABzI/uJaURijC47s/s1600/Neby+Bulus+1930s+(Berger).jpg" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1994. View from the north (from the book of A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5YX7ky7LoYk/UQRTHgvTIYI/AAAAAAAABeY/AJLNuAIycLw/s1600/Neby+Bulus+1994.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5YX7ky7LoYk/UQRTHgvTIYI/AAAAAAAABeY/AJLNuAIycLw/s1600/Neby+Bulus+1994.jpg" /></a></div>
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According to the Western Christian tradition, Paul was beheaded in Rome and buried in the same city. Recently under the altar of the Roman Temple of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls">San-Paolo-Fuori-le-Mura</a> a sarcophagus with fragments of human bones, in which they saw the remains of the great “Apostle to the Gentiles”, was opened. However, the Muslim tradition holds that Paul died in Palestine and was buried in the Holy Land. Khirbet an-Nabi Bulus – a small hill, where the concerned tomb is situated – has long been known. <br />
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It is noted by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)">E. Robinson</a>, E. Smith and other travelers of the first half of the 19th century. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> in Description géographique, historique et archéologique de la Palestine says: “<i>This Muslim tomb should be better called the sanctuary or a small Christian Monastery in honor of St. Paul. Anyhow, the wall surrounding it, judging by its remains, was partly built of blocks of pre-Islamic era</i>” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/374/mode/1up">Judee II 374</a>).<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> in his The Survey of Western Palestine gives the description of the tomb: “<i>Heaps of stones round a Kubbeh. The latter is modern, with a cenotaph and a vault below, which looks like Crusading work, and is entered by a door on the west having a lintel with an ornamented boss. North of this building is a fine birkeh. The site has evidently been that of a small village</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/123/mode/1up">SWP III 123</a>).<br />
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View from the north<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-urx994ATdAg/W3yBb1ydL3I/AAAAAAAAGMw/GzRZyNKl968D8TGNM8lcFs_8Wpwe2SBcQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5404.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-urx994ATdAg/W3yBb1ydL3I/AAAAAAAAGMw/GzRZyNKl968D8TGNM8lcFs_8Wpwe2SBcQCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_5404.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TxUPXdd0WF8/UQRRRU_8OXI/AAAAAAAABdM/DmSE6qRMS_A/s1600/Neby+Bulus+02+%2528west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TxUPXdd0WF8/UQRRRU_8OXI/AAAAAAAABdM/DmSE6qRMS_A/s640/Neby+Bulus+02+%2528west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ljG8jGfsYoY/W3yCz3lnABI/AAAAAAAAGM4/j5yjP0I7bNgn6qVNnzyr0alSBtudfDf4ACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5392.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ljG8jGfsYoY/W3yCz3lnABI/AAAAAAAAGM4/j5yjP0I7bNgn6qVNnzyr0alSBtudfDf4ACLcBGAs/s640/IMG_5392.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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V. Guérin was inclined to attribute the beginning of the construction of this monument to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine period</a>, and C. Conder – to the time of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem">Crusades</a>. However, they both ascribe its construction to the Christians. In this case, it is difficult to imagine that Christians would place the burial place of the Apostle Paul here ignoring the tradition of the Church, which states Rome as his death place. The only option remaining is to believe that this building became the Tomb of nabi Bulus later, when the Muslims took possession of it. Perhaps, according to the assumption of V. Guérin, Muslim's notion of the matter was influenced by the fact that a Christian monastery that once existed in this place was named after Apostle Paul.<br />
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Next researchers shared the views of V. Guérin and C. Conder. A. Petersen, said though that “<i>In view of the pointed form of the vault, it is more likely that it is a medieval construction (i.e. post Byzantine)</i>." (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">2001, 226</a>)<br />
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Entrance to the Burial chamber</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IeDjTXP7S08/UQRSJ-xH4gI/AAAAAAAABds/z7gU-WYQr_k/s1600/Neby+Bulus+06+%2528entrance%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IeDjTXP7S08/UQRSJ-xH4gI/AAAAAAAABds/z7gU-WYQr_k/s640/Neby+Bulus+06+%2528entrance%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Dome of the Burial chamber</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-djV9pBgbH0U/UQRSQz9OxyI/AAAAAAAABd0/54x5Dxryjew/s1600/Neby+Bulus+07+%2528cupola%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-djV9pBgbH0U/UQRSQz9OxyI/AAAAAAAABd0/54x5Dxryjew/s640/Neby+Bulus+07+%2528cupola%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Entrance to the Prayer hall</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YCZK9bxjWB0/UQRTaYdcAcI/AAAAAAAABeo/a1zewcGXZSQ/s1600/Neby+Bulus+08+%2528entrance%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YCZK9bxjWB0/UQRTaYdcAcI/AAAAAAAABeo/a1zewcGXZSQ/s640/Neby+Bulus+08+%2528entrance%2529.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
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In 1999, the archaeological excavations were carried out to the north of the tomb; traces of this are now no longer visible. They found pottery and other artifacts dated to the period of the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbassides">Abbasid</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk</a>. As well as the remains of the cistern, about which V. Guérin and C. Conder were talking. Its construction dates back to the same period. The important thing is that archaeologists didn’t find anything that belonged to the Byzantines, the Crusaders, and Christians in general. From this point of view the assumption of V. Guérin and C. Conder about the existence of a Christian monastery here is doubtful. Therefore, identifying this place as a burial place of nabi Bulus (St. Paul), Muslims relied on their own tradition.<br />
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Video 2018</div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" mamluk=""><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzMx-fYAkWuZdGNS-CR2DFX7dxYeImEJuE4m66dOdzbbMkIpbL89TbeHTaqO0zD_mwf-XnBjkUy3vCzUQGrYA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></a></div>
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Now the tomb of the person, to whom Christianity owes its triumph, is in an neglected condition, filthy condition. Local residents, who inhabit <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramat_Beit_Shemesh">Ramat Beit Shemesh</a>, use it as a dump and a toilet. Judging by the pictures of the 1930s and photographs in the book by A. Petersen the monument goes to ruin rapidly. A large arch collapsed in front of room B and so did the ceiling of the Prayer hall (C). Further destruction is a threat to the tomb.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 29.07.12; 15.08.18<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°42'51.2"N 34°58'51.2"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.714368,34.980898&spn=0.027526,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bSEPAAAAYAAJ&hl=no&pg=PA17&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Robinson 1841, III 17</a>; <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081591327;q1=;seq=136;view=1up;num=120">Tobler 1859, 120</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/374/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 374</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme03pale#page/n141/mode/1up">Quarterly statement, III 94</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/24/mode/1up">SWP III 24</a>, <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/123/mode/1up">123</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/309/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 309 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 226</a></div>
<a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=189&mag_id=110">Hadashot Arkheologiyot</a>; <a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=1620&mag_id=117">Hadashot Arkheologiyot</a><br />
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<b>Tomb of nabi Haidar</b></div>
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<b>مقام النبي حيدر</b></div>
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<b>קבר נבי חיידר</b></div>
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There are Umm Jina ruins (Hebrew: Hurvat Gannin) to the west from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a> and to the south from Yishi moshav. In 1863 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> who was in this little settlement when there were 40 families, did not mention any sanctuaries/this/the sanctuary (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/28/mode/1up">Judee II 28-29</a>). But it was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">Ch. Clermont-Ganneau</a> who noticed in 1874, “<i>At Umm Jina there is the sanctuary of Nabi Heidar (is one of the names of the lion in Arabic)</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/204/mode/1up">ARP II, 204</a>). In <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/127/mode/1up">SWP III 127</a> “<i>Kubbeh called Sheikh Heider</i>” is mentioned, which stands among heaps of stones and ancient foundations. On the detailed British map of 1942 the tomb of nabi Heidar on Khirbet Umm Jina. It Is obvious that one sanctuary is meant though called differently: “sheikh” or “nabi”.</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cLcXNZBMep4/W6F6elJJx_I/AAAAAAAAGNo/7wqFcK4OwJ0myr1GtjY288bEdChN_uQOACLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BHaidar%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="476" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cLcXNZBMep4/W6F6elJJx_I/AAAAAAAAGNo/7wqFcK4OwJ0myr1GtjY288bEdChN_uQOACLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BHaidar%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now this structure is quite in ruins: a part of the eastern wall collapsed, the north wall near the entrance to the tomb is badly damaged. Here, near the entrance, the facing patches which strengthened the wall, are partly saved. A spacious inner yard is adjacent to the tomb from the north; now only the basis of the tomb is left.</div>
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Northern wall</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7Z1DOltKHL4/W6F7hpGbyCI/AAAAAAAAGNw/lAdsnwHUcZIwuFdlIbx6fvVJL4xNAoiEQCLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BHaidar%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7Z1DOltKHL4/W6F7hpGbyCI/AAAAAAAAGNw/lAdsnwHUcZIwuFdlIbx6fvVJL4xNAoiEQCLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BHaidar%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The tomb itself is 7 х 7 m, with a small dome; each wall is decorated with vaulted bays. In the south wall there is just a 1,70 m high rounded <i>mihrab</i>. There are no signs of cenotaph. The walls bear Arabic and Hebrew inscriptions.</div>
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Southern wall</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wGNMMY1UG_0/W6F9NsvRH_I/AAAAAAAAGN8/TtIW1mWTw_AfoK9Hxsj3bUAPXmLbRh3LQCLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BHaidar%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wGNMMY1UG_0/W6F9NsvRH_I/AAAAAAAAGN8/TtIW1mWTw_AfoK9Hxsj3bUAPXmLbRh3LQCLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BHaidar%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> You may reach Hirbet Umm Jina from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_38_(Israel)">Highway 38</a> through moshav Yishi. You cannot enter the moshav during Sabbath by car, but on foot.</div>
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°44'51.5"N 34°57'48.3"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.747661,34.963290&spn=0.027526,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/28/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 28–29</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/204/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 204</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/127/mode/1up">SWP III 127</a><br />
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<b>Tomb of nabi Jibrin (prophet Gabriel)</b></div>
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<b>مقام النبي جبرين</b></div>
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<b>קבר נבי ג'יברין</b></div>
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The most revered sanctuary of the former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin">Beit Jibrin</a> has survived to the present day. It is located on the entry to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Guvrin_National_Park">Beit Guvrin National Park</a> and is well seen from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_35_(Israel)">Highway 35</a> at the crossroads of Guvrin. Describing this construction, A. Petersen names it the sheykh's tomb and does not tell the name of the buried person. Since old times this structure has been known as the tomb of nabi Jibrin (i. e. prophet Gabriel). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> presented the case as follows: “<i>The present name, Jibrin, was thought by the Crusaders to have some connection with the angel Gabriel, and they seem to have erected a church to St. Gabriel, of which only the north aisle remains, though the site is still remembered by the peasants, who there venerate a piece of open ground, which probably marks the old nave, and is now dedicated to Nabi Jibrin, "the Prophet Gabriel</i>"” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/tentworkinpalest02conduoft#page/150/mode/1up">1879, II 150</a>).</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_5nFRrohhKA/UUyvP1I9SUI/AAAAAAAACgI/xUJaGXZRINI/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+2012.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_5nFRrohhKA/UUyvP1I9SUI/AAAAAAAACgI/xUJaGXZRINI/s640/Neby+Jibrin+2012.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O_duZ0zqGe8/UUyvSfAwyXI/AAAAAAAACgQ/-KSQ0AK9Caw/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="344" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O_duZ0zqGe8/UUyvSfAwyXI/AAAAAAAACgQ/-KSQ0AK9Caw/s640/Neby+Jibrin+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo by H. Berger (1930s)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RU7yqZ6jwE4/UUyrO8wTpiI/AAAAAAAACe4/wumnoImR2LQ/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+%2528Berger%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RU7yqZ6jwE4/UUyrO8wTpiI/AAAAAAAACe4/wumnoImR2LQ/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+%2528Berger%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
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The entrance to the tomb from the northern side, there are two windows along sides from the entrance. Here is the description of A. Petersen: <i>The interior of the tomb is roofed with a domical vault (i.e. no squinches or pendentives) and there are small niches in the west and east walls. In the north-west corner is a rectangular hole which marks the position of a (now destroyed) cenotaph. The most interesting feature of the interior are the wall paintings executed in red henna. These occur on all four interior walls and traces can be also found on the exterior around the east window. Designs include trees, wavy lines, and a variety of abstract forms</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 122</a>).</div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-om9Zh42oEYQ/UUyvZvCYI5I/AAAAAAAACgY/Am0bslR-XFY/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+01+north-east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-om9Zh42oEYQ/UUyvZvCYI5I/AAAAAAAACgY/Am0bslR-XFY/s640/Neby+Jibrin+01+north-east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GY2k9DY97Wk/UUyraCTII7I/AAAAAAAACfA/4DaDjyFO13Y/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+02+east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GY2k9DY97Wk/UUyraCTII7I/AAAAAAAACfA/4DaDjyFO13Y/s640/Neby+Jibrin+02+east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zEpX2GswOj0/UUyvnUUCT9I/AAAAAAAACgg/C6eAYD3uaac/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+03+west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zEpX2GswOj0/UUyvnUUCT9I/AAAAAAAACgg/C6eAYD3uaac/s640/Neby+Jibrin+03+west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-y-GJfPQ3QPc/UUyrwdmSe6I/AAAAAAAACfI/2b0jwE5ZzhI/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+05+south-west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-y-GJfPQ3QPc/UUyrwdmSe6I/AAAAAAAACfI/2b0jwE5ZzhI/s640/Neby+Jibrin+05+south-west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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We can see the same nowadays. Let’s specify, however, that a cenotaph stood not in the north-western but in the south-western corner. Right here there is a corresponding cavity in the floor. It should also be noted that there is no <i>mihrab</i> in the tomb.</div>
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Photo of 1994 (from the book of A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n92RF3NJmuk/UUyvAqw4YyI/AAAAAAAACgA/aahUcofw0zg/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+1994+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n92RF3NJmuk/UUyvAqw4YyI/AAAAAAAACgA/aahUcofw0zg/s640/Neby+Jibrin+1994+2.jpg" width="520" /></a></div>
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<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Interior.</span> <span class="hps">South wall</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q3OEvwkm0yg/UUysGXRJOTI/AAAAAAAACfQ/yf5thsCH3IQ/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+06+south.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q3OEvwkm0yg/UUysGXRJOTI/AAAAAAAACfQ/yf5thsCH3IQ/s640/Neby+Jibrin+06+south.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Interior.</span> <span class="hps">South-west corner</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rA8t4PAoVvU/UUyukXtKHfI/AAAAAAAACfo/u0xj-fMD5YA/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+09+south-west+corner.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rA8t4PAoVvU/UUyukXtKHfI/AAAAAAAACfo/u0xj-fMD5YA/s640/Neby+Jibrin+09+south-west+corner.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dGmnj13_eD4/UUyu5Z8w2eI/AAAAAAAACfw/r0xDc30cmFs/s1600/Neby+Jibrin+10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dGmnj13_eD4/UUyu5Z8w2eI/AAAAAAAACfw/r0xDc30cmFs/s640/Neby+Jibrin+10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Until recently the Muslim shrine has been in neglected condition. An almond tree twined with ephedra (Ephedra foeminea) grew on the tomb’s dome. Quite recently administration of the Beit Guvrin National Park took care to give a decent appearance to the ancient monument. The almond tree was cut down (a protruding stub remained from it), besides, bushes which threatened to absorb the tomb were removed.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 31.07.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°36'24.6"N 34°53'39.6"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.606619,34.89422&spn=0.005263,0.007929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme09pale#page/n107/mode/1up">Quarterly statement IX 98</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/440/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 440</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/tentworkinpalest02conduoft#page/150/mode/1up">Conder 1879, II 150</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/tentworkinpalest02conduoft#page/219/mode/1up">II 219</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/271/mode/1up">SWP III 271</a>, <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/294/mode/1up">294</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/309/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 377 (Sheet XX)</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/294j">Canaan 1927, 285</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 122</a></div>
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<b>Tomb of nabi Kifl</b></div>
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<b>مقام النبي كفل</b></div>
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<b>קבר נבי כיפל</b></div>
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Impressive structure (8.85 x 10.05 x 3.15 m) with two domes near moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirat_Yehuda">Tirat Yehuda</a> is called the tomb of Prophet Kifl. The north side of the building is adjacent to the large courtyard with a wall and ruins of some other structures. A stone staircase attached laterally leads to the roof of the building.</div>
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Prophet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhul-Kifl">Dhu'l Kifl</a> is mentioned in the Quran (21:85). According to most researchers he is the Old Testament prophet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a>. And according to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">T. Canaan</a> the shrine of nabi Kifl was known as an important shrine and traditionally had a festival on the 14th day of the Islamic month of Sha‘ban (<a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/224j">1927, 215</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 227</a>).
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/---0KA1FcXws/UQZt4vS6AtI/AAAAAAAAB0Q/_o8bKUnXQNQ/s1600/Neby+Kifl+01+%2528Tirat+Yehuda%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/---0KA1FcXws/UQZt4vS6AtI/AAAAAAAAB0Q/_o8bKUnXQNQ/s640/Neby+Kifl+01+%2528Tirat+Yehuda%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-T0t2Uq2DYpI/USAx8JugGBI/AAAAAAAACJA/0gYTcAHrmbo/s1600/Neby+Kifl+13+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="546" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-T0t2Uq2DYpI/USAx8JugGBI/AAAAAAAACJA/0gYTcAHrmbo/s640/Neby+Kifl+13+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BDE6CMu0iUQ/UQZtLoPfZfI/AAAAAAAAB0I/9zam9Nkr5Yo/s1600/Neby+Kifl+02+%2528north-west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BDE6CMu0iUQ/UQZtLoPfZfI/AAAAAAAAB0I/9zam9Nkr5Yo/s640/Neby+Kifl+02+%2528north-west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dJrXC2InX2k/UQZuz4_QQnI/AAAAAAAAB0w/bH3bmOf00BU/s1600/Neby+Kifl+03+%2528north%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dJrXC2InX2k/UQZuz4_QQnI/AAAAAAAAB0w/bH3bmOf00BU/s640/Neby+Kifl+03+%2528north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d-F_Cjb8dEI/UQZuVDX1qcI/AAAAAAAAB0o/O8bUYvnJlQ0/s1600/Neby+Kifl+04+%2528south%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d-F_Cjb8dEI/UQZuVDX1qcI/AAAAAAAAB0o/O8bUYvnJlQ0/s640/Neby+Kifl+04+%2528south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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To enter the sanctuary one has to walk through a low rectangular door on the north side. As A. Petersen noted, it seems, however, that the doorway is a later insertion and that originally there was a wide-open arch (2001, 228). The building itself is divided into two adjacent vaulted chambers, or iwans, separated by two arches. Each chamber is crowned by a dome. In 1994, A. Petersen saw in the chamber on the left-hand side (east) the broken remains of a cenotaph. Not a trace of them remained. It is worth noting that if the cenotaph stood at the entrance of the first chamber, in which there is no mihrab, such location of the cenotaph is very unusual for Muslim shrines.</div>
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In the south wall of the second room there is a <i>mihrab</i>, which, according to the same researchers, is entirely covered with symbolic paintings in red henna. The motifs used include crescent moons, stars, suns, triangular latticework, and forms resembling the finials used on domes or banners (Ar. ‘<i>alani</i>) (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 228</a>). Now most of those drawings are erased, and the mihrab current Arab pilgrim have left their own inscriptions.</div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-c8MB3ACeUuI/UQZuDZFTrOI/AAAAAAAAB0g/FoiCPl3kH88/s1600/Neby+Kifl+06+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-c8MB3ACeUuI/UQZuDZFTrOI/AAAAAAAAB0g/FoiCPl3kH88/s640/Neby+Kifl+06+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The domes</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gQnygA6FfiQ/UQZt-_MrXgI/AAAAAAAAB0Y/okZOnbCZbIw/s1600/Neby+Kifl+05+%2528Tirat+Yehuda%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gQnygA6FfiQ/UQZt-_MrXgI/AAAAAAAAB0Y/okZOnbCZbIw/s640/Neby+Kifl+05+%2528Tirat+Yehuda%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east (Courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t8Xyiea3vlM/UQWm_pvzD0I/AAAAAAAABxQ/4WXCKG6-bgs/s1600/Neby+Kifl+11+%2528Petersen%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t8Xyiea3vlM/UQWm_pvzD0I/AAAAAAAABxQ/4WXCKG6-bgs/s1600/Neby+Kifl+11+%2528Petersen%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
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Plan of the tomb (from the book of A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZwGKDK_B-94/UQWnARdn0yI/AAAAAAAABxU/B-fhUBGAOxs/s1600/Neby+Kifl+12+%2528plan%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZwGKDK_B-94/UQWnARdn0yI/AAAAAAAABxU/B-fhUBGAOxs/s400/Neby+Kifl+12+%2528plan%2529.jpg" width="297" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1990s</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-j0s8McPb9fE/VQnvfjOzXTI/AAAAAAAADHU/G_OAdh7yU0E/s1600/Neby%2BKifl%2B1990s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-j0s8McPb9fE/VQnvfjOzXTI/AAAAAAAADHU/G_OAdh7yU0E/s1600/Neby%2BKifl%2B1990s.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> From the Road 4613 take the turn to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirat_Yehuda">Tirat Yehuda</a>.
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<i>Visited</i>: 02.08.12
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°00'25.7"N 34°55'35.8"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.007676,34.925859&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/269/mode/1up">SWP II 269</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/216/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 216 (Sheet XIII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA131#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 131</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/224j">Canaan 1927, 215</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 227–229</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/44/site/6259" style="text-align: left;">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Tomb of nabi Sawarka</b></div>
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<b>مقام النبي سراقة</b></div>
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<b>מקאם נבי סוארכה</b></div>
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Vehicles driving along <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_55_(Israel)">Highway 55</a> almost brush against the walls of this modest building. Its current name is the Tomb of prophet Sawarka. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a>’s Tent Work in Palestine (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/tentworkinpalest01conduoft#page/231/mode/1up">1879, I, 231</a>) and the old maps state that nabi Serakah was located here. A sacred tree once grew near the tomb, but now not a trace of it remains. According to some reports, it is the tomb of the Bedouin Sheikh from Negev named nabi Serakah or Sawarka (Suwarka) (NIG 2001, VII 94). It is believed that the building dates back to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk period</a>. The construction is surrounded by the remains of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a> cemetery. The archaeological excavations have found here artifacts from different eras, starting with the Roman-Byzantine (<a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=1407&mag_id=117">Hadashot Arkheologiyot</a>).</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KHCUY6yn0ks/UQWnohwoddI/AAAAAAAABxs/izsnp1_rplw/s1600/Neby+Sawarka+01+%2528Kfar+Sava%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KHCUY6yn0ks/UQWnohwoddI/AAAAAAAABxs/izsnp1_rplw/s640/Neby+Sawarka+01+%2528Kfar+Sava%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aKz8mQSuats/VIuJlDZIvJI/AAAAAAAADD4/NJeovY_D0jo/s1600/Neby%2BSawarka%2Bair%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="396" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aKz8mQSuats/VIuJlDZIvJI/AAAAAAAADD4/NJeovY_D0jo/s1600/Neby%2BSawarka%2Bair%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PBK7Tmww5dQ/UQZ_ToDeQ7I/AAAAAAAAB54/WMyrFdd5SxM/s1600/Neby+Sawarka+02+east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PBK7Tmww5dQ/UQZ_ToDeQ7I/AAAAAAAAB54/WMyrFdd5SxM/s640/Neby+Sawarka+02+east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The tomb's interior</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-r9MH6dRqfco/UQWnvUVzvUI/AAAAAAAABx4/5bQjxuAiobc/s1600/Neby+Sawarka+03+%2528interior%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-r9MH6dRqfco/UQWnvUVzvUI/AAAAAAAABx4/5bQjxuAiobc/s640/Neby+Sawarka+03+%2528interior%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In 1991, A. Petersen saw a large crack running through the west side of the building (2001, 235). The photo in his book shows that the dome of the tomb, standing on an octagonal drum, was once white. The current structure, as we can tell from the presence of concrete in the masonry, is a re-built tomb. In 2011, the dome and the lintel (top crossbeam above the entrance) are green. Probably the stone cenotaph of prophet Sawarka was also covered with green cloth, but now the covering is gone. In 1991, A. Petersen noted that a rectangular cenotaph was lying along the west wall; but currently the cenotaph is lying along the north wall.</div>
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Photo of 1991 (from the book of A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PXlSszRC-pY/UQWn39H5DZI/AAAAAAAAByA/zUg0nPQvY3I/s1600/Neby+Sawarka+1991+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PXlSszRC-pY/UQWn39H5DZI/AAAAAAAAByA/zUg0nPQvY3I/s1600/Neby+Sawarka+1991+2.jpg" /></a></div>
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On the other side of the Highway opposite the tomb of the Bedouin sheikh there is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Benjamin">Tomb of Benjamin</a> – a former Muslim shrine now privatized by the Jews.</div>
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Tomb of nabi Yamin 1926</div>
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rXANnf5PAH4/VXzhWHbh3dI/AAAAAAAADnc/wl7ds5M5g84/s1600/Neby%2BYamin%2B1926.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="362" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rXANnf5PAH4/VXzhWHbh3dI/AAAAAAAADnc/wl7ds5M5g84/s640/Neby%2BYamin%2B1926.jpg" width="640" /></a>
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Tomb of nabi Serakah (Sawarka) and Tomb of nabi Yamin (Benjamin) </div>
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Photo of 1991 (from the book of A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TaNDQxAcEZ0/UQWnoWFnHZI/AAAAAAAABxo/ZxYHB9Ni6Tc/s1600/Neby+Sawarka+1991+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="328" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TaNDQxAcEZ0/UQWnoWFnHZI/AAAAAAAABxo/ZxYHB9Ni6Tc/s640/Neby+Sawarka+1991+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Tomb of Benjamin</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FThRGNKtatk/UQaE3ZkSW9I/AAAAAAAAB68/JLcFDrP6jHU/s1600/Benjamin+tomb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FThRGNKtatk/UQaE3ZkSW9I/AAAAAAAAB68/JLcFDrP6jHU/s640/Benjamin+tomb.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 02.08.12<br />
<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i><span style="text-align: justify;">:</span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span>32°10'45.2"N 34°56'40.8"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.178409,34.944978&spn=0.020922,0.031714&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/tentworkinpalest01conduoft#page/231/mode/1up">Conder 1879, I 231</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/188/mode/1up">Palmer, 1881, 188 (Sheet XI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 132</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/339/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 339–340</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 235</a>; NIG 2001, VII 94</div>
Wikipedia: <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F">Tomb of Benjamin</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/37/site/5014">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>; <a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=1407&mag_id=117">Hadashot Arkheologiyot</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/106896142543992841790/photos/@32.1790314,34.9426193,3a,16y,27.76h,47.97t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipNCwANTVPCDKeY7AaBC4IGapbnE2kfjf-fhx1Y!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNCwANTVPCDKeY7AaBC4IGapbnE2kfjf-fhx1Y%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-0-ya140-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.1791899,34.9447537,3a,75y,298.06h,85.61t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sa_yKwk7xfMD9Efxs-e2mQQ!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama 2</a><br />
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<b>Tomb of nabi Shit (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth">Prophet Seth</a>)
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<b>مقام النبي </b><span style="text-align: left;"><b>شيت</b></span></div>
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<b>קבר נבי </b><span style="text-align: left;"><b>שת</b></span></div>
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The Muslim name “Shit” reproduces the Biblcal “Seth” – the son of Adam bore this name. The Muslims well worship this patriarch and built up a magnificent tomb in village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashshit">Bashshit</a> (now within the Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aseret">Aseret</a>). In fact, Bashshit means Beit ash-Shit – “the dwelling of Shit”.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zG8uodOLrLw/VJ16ckHeSjI/AAAAAAAADFQ/rc5fkAas1Pw/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zG8uodOLrLw/VJ16ckHeSjI/AAAAAAAADFQ/rc5fkAas1Pw/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo by H. Berger (1931)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-s7rGg-CKqUk/VJ16U9iwfZI/AAAAAAAADFI/pusHBDp4K0I/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B1931%2Bby%2BBerger.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="422" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-s7rGg-CKqUk/VJ16U9iwfZI/AAAAAAAADFI/pusHBDp4K0I/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B1931%2Bby%2BBerger.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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When visiting Bashshit in 1874, a Russian traveler A. Olesnitsky noted, “<i>there is a pond and a mosque glittering with its white domes and made of an ancient material</i>” (II 184). Of course, the tomb of nabi Shit. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> also commented, “<i>A moderately large village of mud, with a large kubbeh having three domes (Nebу Shit) on the higher ground immediately north. It has gardens with cactus hedges, and a masonry well to the south</i>” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/409/mode/1up">SWP II 409 </a>). It is worth mentioning, there are still cactus bushes around the tomb. It was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> who wrote about these cactus hedges in the settlement, but he did not mentioned about the tomb of nabi Shit (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/66/mode/1up">Judee II 66</a>). He might have passed it by. Though another French traveler, L. Gautier described this tomb as an elegant three-domed <i>wely</i> (1898, 94–95).</div>
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View from the east <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZHViXK8FT3I/VJ16Qvcz6UI/AAAAAAAADEw/XOlXJby211A/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZHViXK8FT3I/VJ16Qvcz6UI/AAAAAAAADEw/XOlXJby211A/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Dimensions are tombs (11 x 9 m) that A. Petersen also calls it a mosque. He describes it as follows: “<i>The mosque, known as Nabi Shit, stands on the side of a hill in the centre of the former village Bashshit. It is an 'L'-shaped building with a long rectangular courtyard to the east. At the west end of the courtyard is an arcade of three vaulted bays, two in front and one behind. Two of the bays are domed whilst the third bay (on the north-east side) is roofed with a cross-vault. The north wall of this bay contains a small blocked window. To the south are the two domed bays, both with south-facing windows. The south-east bay also has a mihrab and a fixed minbar set into the south wall. A doorway at the back of the south-west bay opens into a small dar room covered with a tall dome. In the south wall of this room is a very shallow mihrab. Externally both mihrabs are visible as conical buttresses. The location of the tomb of Nabi Shit is not clear although it seems likely that it was in the inner room.</i><br />
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<i>The age of the building is unknown although it certainly dates to before the mid nineteenth century. The present structure is not likely, however, to be much older than the sixteenth century although the shrine itself may be more ancient</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 110</a>).<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6wCqPFLnXgw/VJ16RsLwdMI/AAAAAAAADE8/NimwL7ttmdg/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6wCqPFLnXgw/VJ16RsLwdMI/AAAAAAAADE8/NimwL7ttmdg/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">Plan of the tomb</span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-94Rc2RKSUL0/VQxzroldWAI/AAAAAAAADH4/LKGJ0J9flGk/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2Bplan%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-94Rc2RKSUL0/VQxzroldWAI/AAAAAAAADH4/LKGJ0J9flGk/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2Bplan%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now the sanctuary wallows in the bushes, inside it there is a batman kingdom. They cover the inner side of the domes, and the floor is covered with stinking excrement. But what scares most is the horrible squeak of winged creatures. A. Petersen says nothing about bats; probably, they settled on this building not long ago. However, no other destructions of the monument are visible.<br />
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3JaTqoBRlb8/VJ16R5yeFaI/AAAAAAAADE4/Il0uI53h4gY/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3JaTqoBRlb8/VJ16R5yeFaI/AAAAAAAADE4/Il0uI53h4gY/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_DxbDkKAgrQ/VJ16mo_1XUI/AAAAAAAADFo/rxZ_XYp9mwM/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_DxbDkKAgrQ/VJ16mo_1XUI/AAAAAAAADFo/rxZ_XYp9mwM/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mZ445Sb2SKE/VJ16j5835aI/AAAAAAAADFg/EzBhS3xPoUE/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mZ445Sb2SKE/VJ16j5835aI/AAAAAAAADFg/EzBhS3xPoUE/s1600/Neby%2BShit%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In the yard adjacent to the eastern well there is a deep dried out well.<br />
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<i style="text-align: left;">Route.</i><span style="text-align: left;"> </span>South to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yavne">Yavne</a> there is an Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aseret">Aseret</a>, on the place of Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashshit">Bashshit</a>. The Muslim shrine is in the centre of the settlement, in cactus hedges.<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°49'28.3"N 34°44'54.5"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.824846,34.749155&spn=0.058269,0.077162&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/66/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 66</a>; Olesnitsky 1878, II 184; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/409/mode/1up">SWP II 409 </a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/144/mode/1up">Palästina-Vereins II 144</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/272/mode/1up">Palmer, 1881, 272 (Sheet XVI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 132</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/184/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 184</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/souvenirsdeterre00gautuoft#page/94/mode/1up">Gautier 1898, 94–95</a>; Khalidi 1992, 362; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 110</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/16/site/2724">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Tomb of nabi Thari (Asher son of Jakob)</b></div>
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<b>مقام النبي ﺛﺂﺮﻱ</b></div>
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<b>קבר נבי ת'ארי</b></div>
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All the twelve sons of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob">Jacob</a>, the ancestors of Tribes of Israel, are worshipped as prophets in Islam. Religious buildings were constructed in different parts of Palestine in honour of them. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asher">Asher son of Jakob</a>), is known as prophet Thari. The researchers of the 19 century cal him nabi Thary or nabi Tari.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tj6o_ybi824/W6I3YSV2kcI/AAAAAAAAGOs/sMGsBdU213UZaKvlruLmRWsk6oxjWOBZQCLcBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BThari%2B01.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tj6o_ybi824/W6I3YSV2kcI/AAAAAAAAGOs/sMGsBdU213UZaKvlruLmRWsk6oxjWOBZQCLcBGAs/s640/Neby%2BThari%2B01.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BViWfg9bVFI/W6HDxcZ1ucI/AAAAAAAAGOU/8jZoqQo95EgFQCfci1bHK9ge6LmBli7nACLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BThari%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BViWfg9bVFI/W6HDxcZ1ucI/AAAAAAAAGOU/8jZoqQo95EgFQCfci1bHK9ge6LmBli7nACLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BThari%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Jewish start to worship his tomb as their sanctuary, but no privatization have been done so far. It is not mentioned in the popular jewish collection “Holly places and tombs of righteous men in Israel” 2000 (on Hebrew). According to the impressive size of the building, it is thought to be set as a sanctuary above the tomb. In 1996 excavations were carried out in the immediate vicinity of the shrine, these revealed substantial buildings associated with pottery datable to the late <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk</a> or early <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>.<br />
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The Plan of sanctuary and its reconstruction (from the book of A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lS9q9a-FDTo/W6I1KCHjEUI/AAAAAAAAGOg/l3HhWLHbrvE_g_6wuv7_eJfwqXlzZKeXgCLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BThari%2Bplan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="885" data-original-width="774" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lS9q9a-FDTo/W6I1KCHjEUI/AAAAAAAAGOg/l3HhWLHbrvE_g_6wuv7_eJfwqXlzZKeXgCLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BThari%2Bplan.jpg" width="558" /></a></div>
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Petersen who explored the building in 1991, described it as follows, “<i>The building comprises a large domed chamber with two side vaults. The floor level of the interior is nearly lm below ground level suggesting that the shrine is of some antiquity. Before 1948 there was a Qur'anic inscription (Sura 2, V. 256) in the crown of the dome. Unfortunately since then, the dome has more than half collapsed destroying the inscription and exposing the interior to the elements. Although still standing, the building requires urgent conservation.</i><br />
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<i>The interior maybe divided into three areas; the central domed area, and two vaulted aisles arranged east and west of the central domed area. The entrance to the building is through a door in the middle of the north wall of the central chamber. Directly opposite the door in the south wall is the mihrab and next to it are two stone steps which form the minbar. The mihrab is a deeply recessed concave niche with no decoration, it is visible externally as a rectangular projection from the south wall.</i><br />
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<i>The dome rests on a circular collar (diameter 6.2 m) supported by an octagonal drum. The octagonal drum is made up of alternating squinches and blind arches. Above the drum are smaller squinches at the junction between each side, which transform the octagon into a circle. The full height of the dome was 8.5 m above ground level. Originally there was a fragment of marble column which formed the finial of the dome; this feature is no longer visible. Each of the side aisles consists of two cross-vaulted bays with a single pier on the side facing the interior. In the south bay of the west aisle is a fragment of marble column marking the grave of Nabi Thari</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">2001, 232–233</a>).<br />
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6Vs_xAivReo/W6I5q1kjBOI/AAAAAAAAGO4/HU2G-_Nl6Fggr40XCf3vJbcHP2uWKhaqQCLcBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BThari%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6Vs_xAivReo/W6I5q1kjBOI/AAAAAAAAGO4/HU2G-_Nl6Fggr40XCf3vJbcHP2uWKhaqQCLcBGAs/s640/Neby%2BThari%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nsoPT6oy3f0/W6I7FNLe55I/AAAAAAAAGPE/v4sea3mfYEYgh7oW_mI908oorCVj1F4EQCLcBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BThari%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nsoPT6oy3f0/W6I7FNLe55I/AAAAAAAAGPE/v4sea3mfYEYgh7oW_mI908oorCVj1F4EQCLcBGAs/s640/Neby%2BThari%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the building</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ezreWQfjOCw/W6I85RjqDGI/AAAAAAAAGPQ/220tr-Dj8jkavaie9-McmZO50UXOaEnMACLcBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BThari%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ezreWQfjOCw/W6I85RjqDGI/AAAAAAAAGPQ/220tr-Dj8jkavaie9-McmZO50UXOaEnMACLcBGAs/s640/Neby%2BThari%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the building</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-coIkAS4af3c/W6I9mHwDUuI/AAAAAAAAGPY/Wf_w0IRLVcQVPVRYNWtYYUVLRwmY0zupwCLcBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BThari%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-coIkAS4af3c/W6I9mHwDUuI/AAAAAAAAGPY/Wf_w0IRLVcQVPVRYNWtYYUVLRwmY0zupwCLcBGAs/s640/Neby%2BThari%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JYOdP7oj2-g/W6I-Jv4I8MI/AAAAAAAAGPg/h4XDbSBdiycq-i4AbvXI5AKBltdc4o3FQCLcBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BThari%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JYOdP7oj2-g/W6I-Jv4I8MI/AAAAAAAAGPg/h4XDbSBdiycq-i4AbvXI5AKBltdc4o3FQCLcBGAs/s640/Neby%2BThari%2B08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A fragment of marble column marking the grave of nabi Thari</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hwYHAELJMV8/W6I-7C3J1ZI/AAAAAAAAGPo/kkbNmq0Nr1AiLdo1-iK7Y7dgON_THFUdACLcBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BThari%2B09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hwYHAELJMV8/W6I-7C3J1ZI/AAAAAAAAGPo/kkbNmq0Nr1AiLdo1-iK7Y7dgON_THFUdACLcBGAs/s640/Neby%2BThari%2B09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The northern door in the central hall</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PB3M8IREelU/W6JA4rFytRI/AAAAAAAAGP0/ivqp6plyB-oroW-FWKefYvUO9-MgKGz-ACLcBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BThari%2B10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PB3M8IREelU/W6JA4rFytRI/AAAAAAAAGP0/ivqp6plyB-oroW-FWKefYvUO9-MgKGz-ACLcBGAs/s640/Neby%2BThari%2B10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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If, as A. Petersen ed, one could enter the building through the door in the middle of the northern door in the central hall, then this doorway was obviously laid quite a long time ago.<br />
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In 1991, the construction was already in great need of conservation. However, the abandoned sanctuary is still destroying. There is a beegarden and farmlands near it.<br />
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<i style="text-align: left;">Route</i><span style="text-align: left;">. </span>The sanctuary is located near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_471_(Israel)">Route 471</a>, between the crossroad of Sha'ariya and Nahshonim junction.<br />
<i style="text-align: left;">Visited</i><span style="text-align: left;">: </span>15.08.15<br />
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i><span style="text-align: left;">: </span>32°04'02.6"N 34°55'31.4"E<br />
<span style="text-align: left;">Location of the object on </span><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.067376,34.925401&spn=0.015212,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes" style="text-align: left;">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog#page/n190/mode/1up">Robinson 1856, 141</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22097/22097-h/22097-h.htm#page136">Finn 1867, 136</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n414/mode/1up">Guérin, Samarie II 389</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/introductiontosu00saun#page/41/mode/1up">SWP 1881, 41</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/269/mode/1up">SWP II, 269</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/217/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 217 (Sheet XIII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 132</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/304j">Canaan 1927, 295</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 232–233</a>;
<a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/61/site/11321">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>; <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D">iNature</a></div>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-23518278471109290292013-01-27T11:09:00.007-08:002023-08-06T21:53:10.099-07:003. Maqams. Judaean Mountains<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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In Arabic, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqam_(shrine)">maqam</a> means “place, stop, stand”. This name is used for the tombs of eminent sheikhs and other Muslim leaders. For Muslims it is a holy place. Therefore a maqam is also called a “<i>wely</i>” — a “shrine”. Usually travelers stopped and prayed at such tombs, and could even spend the night here (which happened quite often) if there was a special room for that. Maqams were not only the places of worship, but also guard points from which the roads were monitored and landmarks for travelers. Therefore, as a rule, maqams were built on the top of a mountain or a hill, on the most prominent place. However, there were exceptions and some maqams were built not on the top, but in valleys, at important sections of roads and at crossroads.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UBIUr6XgY_w/UQSY4UPRrEI/AAAAAAAABms/euSBid-Ymi8/s1600/Maqam+of+Samaria+%28Wilson%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="392" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UBIUr6XgY_w/UQSY4UPRrEI/AAAAAAAABms/euSBid-Ymi8/s640/Maqam+of+Samaria+(Wilson).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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According to W. Thomson, "<i>The domes cover the shrines of reputed prophets, or holy men; a sort of patron saints very common in this region. Each village has one or more, and, besides these, every conspicuous hill-top has a wely or mazar, beneath spreading oak, to which people pay religious visits, and thither they go up to worship and to discharge vows</i>" (<a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101063698755;view=1up;seq=213">1859, I 203–204</a>).<br />
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Not all maqams represent an actual burial place of a sheikh. Maqams were often erected in memory of a particular activist long after his death. The maqams of such kind are, for example, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Abu_Huraira">maqam Abu Huraira</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yavne">Yavne</a>, maqam Abu ‘Ubayda and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muadh_ibn_Jabal">Mu‘az ibn Jabal</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmaus">Emmaus</a>, and some others.</div>
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Until 1948, all maqams were working, kept by the locals: Palestinian Arabs. After the establishment of the state of Israel many Arab-Palestinian villages ceased to exist: their inhabitants were either banished or had to leave their homes. Muslim shrines have been left to the mercy of fate.<br />
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<b>Maqam imam ‘Ali</b></div>
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<b>مقام الإمام علي</b></div>
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<b>מקאם אימאם עלי</b></div>
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This maqam is seen by everyone driving along <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_1_(Israel)">Highway 1</a> from Jerusalem to Tel Aviv. The only part of the main Israeli Highway (between road Interchanges Shoresh and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha%27ar_HaGai">Sha'ar ha-Gai</a>) where it splits, leaving some space between the traffic lanes. This is where Maqam imam ‘Ali is. Actually, it is an open air mosque (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musalla"><i>musalla</i></a>). A small prayer area surrounded by the wall of 2.2 m high, except for the northern part of it, where the height of the wall is only 0.5 m. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> in the south wall rises slightly above the walls. A small <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebil_(fountain)"><i>sabil</i></a> (1.6 x 1.65 m) with a dome and an arched opening on the north side is adjacent to the mosque from the northeastern side.
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The musalla. View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9EboJptd12k/UQSgT2jP2GI/AAAAAAAABo8/DsH58qJNlCo/s1600/Ali+imam+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9EboJptd12k/UQSgT2jP2GI/AAAAAAAABo8/DsH58qJNlCo/s640/Ali+imam+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The sabil</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O9eXxx4qZqA/UQSdUcNT5xI/AAAAAAAABn4/BO4FPsGTwJk/s1600/Ali+imam+02+sabil.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O9eXxx4qZqA/UQSdUcNT5xI/AAAAAAAABn4/BO4FPsGTwJk/s640/Ali+imam+02+sabil.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Judging by the photo of the 1930s, there used to be another court to the north of the prayer area, also surrounded by a wall and with a high arched entrance. Now the yard is completely destroyed.<br />
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Photo of 1930s</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pdDlV0ThPSQ/UQSdTlJXfzI/AAAAAAAABn0/9lMW27IthjQ/s1600/Ali+imam+1935.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="584" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pdDlV0ThPSQ/UQSdTlJXfzI/AAAAAAAABn0/9lMW27IthjQ/s640/Ali+imam+1935.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1930s</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qJ6Qzk4LSnY/W6OQE7FNCEI/AAAAAAAAGRc/Qp1H4YEm5_YEDoQsSoKxo1dOLIDrkOTOwCLcBGAs/s1600/Ali%2Bimam%2B1930.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="638" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qJ6Qzk4LSnY/W6OQE7FNCEI/AAAAAAAAGRc/Qp1H4YEm5_YEDoQsSoKxo1dOLIDrkOTOwCLcBGAs/s640/Ali%2Bimam%2B1930.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The purpose of this shrine appears to have been to offer a place of prayer, rest and refreshment for travellers on the road (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 155</a>). It is unlikely that a cenotaph ever stood inside the mosque. This building was just dedicated to imam ‘Ali.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pi2QyP4bZ24/USAw2fCPVWI/AAAAAAAACII/1kBvXHmVQPc/s1600/Ali+imam+07+air.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pi2QyP4bZ24/USAw2fCPVWI/AAAAAAAACII/1kBvXHmVQPc/s640/Ali+imam+07+air.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of the maqam (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-29VR6CrIVR4/UQSdRm-Yq0I/AAAAAAAABns/FaMFcnaX2-8/s1600/Ali+imam+05+%2528plan%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-29VR6CrIVR4/UQSdRm-Yq0I/AAAAAAAABns/FaMFcnaX2-8/s400/Ali+imam+05+%2528plan%2529.jpg" width="351" /></a></div>
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Aerial photo of 2014</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dwA0moxfrPI/VJ8GcLpYTfI/AAAAAAAADGM/p6U0P-LEEvY/s1600/Ali%2Bimam%2Bair%2B2014.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="428" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dwA0moxfrPI/VJ8GcLpYTfI/AAAAAAAADGM/p6U0P-LEEvY/s1600/Ali%2Bimam%2Bair%2B2014.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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There is the following legend about imam ‘Ali. One day he met a little girl who was bitterly crying. He asked her: “Why are you crying, little girl?” “Mom told me to bring a jug of milk”, she said, “but I dropped the jug and spilled all the milk. What am I going to tell my mother?" Imam ‘Ali felt sorry for the girl; he took the handful of the ground in the place where the spilled the milk and squeezed it in his hands, so that the milk little by little was dripping back into the jug. Girl's joy was indescribable. But the ground was in pain and said to imam ‘Ali: “Remember, the day will come when we get even.” And when the imam died, he was buried in the ground with all the honors. The next day the earth rejected the body of ‘Ali. Then the body was buried at another place, but the same happened. The situation repeated several times. The ground refused to accept the body of imam ‘Ali. Therefore, there are several tombs with his name. Imam's camel was the one to help him find the peace at last. He was wandering all over the country for a very long time to find a burial place for his master. Finally, in one of the places the camel sank wearily to the ground: here that the body of imam ‘Ali was buried and the place became sacred to the Arabs.</div>
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Photo of 2018</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MAroiA1zdRs/W6W_VCRk1CI/AAAAAAAAGRo/zsKjwJBH2kUyq4daeFxBXup8ZvRPQjP1gCLcBGAs/s1600/Ali%2Bimam%2B2018.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MAroiA1zdRs/W6W_VCRk1CI/AAAAAAAAGRo/zsKjwJBH2kUyq4daeFxBXup8ZvRPQjP1gCLcBGAs/s640/Ali%2Bimam%2B2018.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam imam ‘Ali in 2019</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 15.08.12; 11.10.19</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°48'13.7"N 35°02'59.8"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.803221,35.049133&spn=0.021008,0.031714&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: Olesnitsky 1878, II 257; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/tentworkinpalest01conduoft#page/18/mode/1up">Conder 1879, I 18</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/323/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 323 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/palestineetsyri00baedgoog#page/n172/mode/1up">Baedeker 1882, 146</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/landbookorbiblic01thomuoft#page/132/mode/1up">Thomson 1883, 132</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA130#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 130</a>; <a href="http://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01004956239#?page=109">Guide 1888, 109</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/nouveauguidedet00meisgoog#page/n108/mode/1up">Meistermann 1907, 51</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/32j">Canaan 1927, 18</a>, <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/52j">39</a>; <a href="https://kotar.cet.ac.il/KotarApp/Viewer.aspx?nBookID=99436339#99.5268.6.default">Ariel 1996, 97</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 154–155</a>; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94">Judaean Mountains Park</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ عبد العزيز</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' עבד אל-עזיז</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> refers to this structure as “<i>la koubbeh d'un santon vénéré dans le pays la dénomination d'Abd al-‘Aziz</i>” (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qzcAAAAAYAAJ&printsec=%20PP1&pg=PA263#v=onepage&q&f=false">Judee I 263</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">T. Canaan</a> points out that near Maqam there is a water reservoir, hewn in the rock (1927, 10). In his time <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Schick">Conrad Schick</a> considered Maqam sheikh Abd al-‘Aziz as a possible burial place of the biblical <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel">Rachel</a>, since the Arab people call it “Kubbat Rachel” – Rachel's Tomb (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde03deut#page/248/mode/1up">Palästina-Vereins IV 248–249</a>).</div>
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Now more than a half of maqam is in ruins. Dimensions: 6.75 x 6.15 m. Entrance is on the north side, mihrab is in the south wall. In one of the side walls might once have been a small window. Cenotaph is also lost.
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3WDBLmsIvqQ/UQUPw28Nq4I/AAAAAAAABqE/81vxEfDz1lE/s1600/Abd+el-Aziz+sheikh+1+%2528Mevasseret%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3WDBLmsIvqQ/UQUPw28Nq4I/AAAAAAAABqE/81vxEfDz1lE/s640/Abd+el-Aziz+sheikh+1+%2528Mevasseret%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vAX_L9a1a6o/UQUPsEznIyI/AAAAAAAABp8/6l8px5qe4_c/s1600/Abd+el-Aziz+sheikh+2+%2528Mevasseret%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vAX_L9a1a6o/UQUPsEznIyI/AAAAAAAABp8/6l8px5qe4_c/s640/Abd+el-Aziz+sheikh+2+%2528Mevasseret%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XApnSxl6yeg/USAwX6wvQXI/AAAAAAAACHo/Wl4bqSSB9M8/s1600/Abd+el-Aziz+sheikh+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XApnSxl6yeg/USAwX6wvQXI/AAAAAAAACHo/Wl4bqSSB9M8/s640/Abd+el-Aziz+sheikh+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevaseret_Zion">Mevaseret Zion</a> climb Mount Ahiram till the memorial tower; the north of it there is a water tank and the next to it a fence with the gate. Keep straight forward for 100 meters on the right side of the road. The gates in the fence are sometimes closed.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GiN8RWpDlAw/VQCnxh7zXYI/AAAAAAAADGw/kzqVY8Slevc/s1600/Abd%2Bel-Aziz%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GiN8RWpDlAw/VQCnxh7zXYI/AAAAAAAADGw/kzqVY8Slevc/s1600/Abd%2Bel-Aziz%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 12.08.12</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°48'43.2"N 35°09'19.5"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.812083,35.15552&spn=0.029941,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog01gu#page/263/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee I 263</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre01cler#page/479/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP I 479</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/142/mode/1up">Palästina-Vereins II 142</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde03deut#page/248/mode/1up">Palästina-Vereins IV 248–249</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/326/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 326 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 137</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/24j">Canaan 1927, 10, 11</a> </div>
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Wikipedia: <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9D">Mount Ahiram</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/72/site/9549">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Abu az-Zeitun</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ ﺁﺑﻭ ﺍﻟﺯﻳﺗﯠﻥ</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח'אבו זייתון</b><br />
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There is the Maqam of sheikh Abu az-Zeitun on quite a high mountain between Arabic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beitunia">Beitunia</a> and an Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Horon">Beit Horon</a>. On modern maps the sheikh is called Zeitun, but in the earier reports about this sanctuary the sheikh is called Abu az-Zeitun, Abu-z-Zeitun.</div>
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“<i>My guide pointed to the top of the mountain southwards, where there was a welli known as Abu Zeitun</i>,” — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> tells (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog01gu#page/263/mode/1up">Samarie II 46</a>). According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a>, “<i>Sheikh Abu ez-Zeitun — A mosque, with chambers for pilgrims</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/157/mode/1up">SWP III, 157</a>). Palmer states, “<i>Sheikh Abu’z-Zeitun — The Sheikh (Sheikh's tomb) with the olive</i>” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/327/mode/1up">1881, 327</a>).</div>
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In fact, this structure is a whole complex of buildings of different purpose, which was set as time passed/over the years.</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-z1naYCuakSk/W6J4va6FVVI/AAAAAAAAGQA/Vcqzx-brIeIl9tNAuZIn9tom6y-elhdZQCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-z1naYCuakSk/W6J4va6FVVI/AAAAAAAAGQA/Vcqzx-brIeIl9tNAuZIn9tom6y-elhdZQCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Firstly, on this place there was built a tiny maqam of a saint which was a burial domed cell (1,90 х 2.50 х 1.90 m) (A). There is a <i>mihrab</i> in it, but a cenotaph was not preserved. According to the blockwork (quite big blocks of different size), this building can be dated back to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a> – the early 19th century. Afterwards the maqam was enlarged in the northern part, the side wall were extended from 2.50 m to 4.80 m; and a new entrance was made. Another blockwork which consisted of rectangular well cut blocks points to that fact.</div>
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Since even extended cell could not be able to house all praying pilgrims, some time later a Prayer room (6.30 х 7.10 m) with a <i>mihrab</i> and arched ceiling was built on to the eastern side of the maqam (B). This annex is almost twice as high as the funeral cell.</div>
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Later <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan"><i>iwan</i></a> (6.00 x 7.10 m) with a <i>mihrab</i> was added to the Prayer room eastwards (C). Thus the rooms of this complex have already mihrabs, and obviously numerous pilgrims can pray in each room.</div>
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During the final stage the complex was compassed with a rectangular 25.15 x 22.00 m wall. In the northern part of the complex there was a yards with a holly olive tree “<i>Sheikh's tomb with the olive</i>”). Now there are 4 olive trees in the yard. You could enter the complex through the arch roof from the eastern side, but now it is totally destroyed. To the right from the entrance, northwards from <i>iwan</i> there was built <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zawiya_(institution)"><i>zawiya</i></a> – a restplace for pilgrims (7.40 x 6.50 m). It was the fourth room in the complex (D). Eastwards from the entrance to the shrine there is preserved an underground reservoir for water storage.</div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pave45Ruw3I/W6J59I9EKbI/AAAAAAAAGQI/QWzAOl3YKOsOQoG1lAvWY-VvBb8UykwogCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pave45Ruw3I/W6J59I9EKbI/AAAAAAAAGQI/QWzAOl3YKOsOQoG1lAvWY-VvBb8UykwogCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Entrance to the burial chamber</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-thmkkX76wkg/W6J63KaKdNI/AAAAAAAAGQQ/wZovDONtHzEJHnr_bP-sHGfll6qfE5fzwCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-thmkkX76wkg/W6J63KaKdNI/AAAAAAAAGQQ/wZovDONtHzEJHnr_bP-sHGfll6qfE5fzwCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The burial chamber</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GSxNQatBeLc/W6J8amZ5fjI/AAAAAAAAGQc/u3l-T_7JGG8i44DznB3a6NIZcOTE4MxBgCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GSxNQatBeLc/W6J8amZ5fjI/AAAAAAAAGQc/u3l-T_7JGG8i44DznB3a6NIZcOTE4MxBgCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TmEw8hqy0_g/W6J9Ora6yVI/AAAAAAAAGQk/nn9XobY05gcLb98wc4OHVYLkTDjSjJkOgCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TmEw8hqy0_g/W6J9Ora6yVI/AAAAAAAAGQk/nn9XobY05gcLb98wc4OHVYLkTDjSjJkOgCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Mihrab in the Prayer room</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nJYeiatb6T0/W6KBvUiwSXI/AAAAAAAAGQw/Ns3WlgSrdPoAJPUcE7ZWv26bWct3vah6QCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nJYeiatb6T0/W6KBvUiwSXI/AAAAAAAAGQw/Ns3WlgSrdPoAJPUcE7ZWv26bWct3vah6QCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The iwan</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BcwJrOSH5HA/W6KDOBBjkwI/AAAAAAAAGQ8/jNAb6aK01wwCkHVaUZQo-4oRZho3Nm52gCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BcwJrOSH5HA/W6KDOBBjkwI/AAAAAAAAGQ8/jNAb6aK01wwCkHVaUZQo-4oRZho3Nm52gCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The zawiya</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CT_zys7JEqU/W6KD6maBG0I/AAAAAAAAGRE/UIc04-6yW_Ud1i1lcVHneGonKtdS_lfXgCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CT_zys7JEqU/W6KD6maBG0I/AAAAAAAAGRE/UIc04-6yW_Ud1i1lcVHneGonKtdS_lfXgCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2Bez-Zeitun%2Bsheikh%2B09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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According to what C. Conder says about not the tomb of the sheikh, but about a mosque with rooms for pilgrims, the sanctuary complex has already been set by that time.</div>
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During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign">Palestinian campaign 1917–18</a> the Turkish soldiers held the line at the hight of Abu az-Zeitun during a month and fought off an attack of the British army and even committed counterattacks. The British managed to occupy the height on the 27th of December in 1917 (<a href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.208330/2015.208330.The-Palestine#page/n181/mode/1up">Wavell 1938, 171</a>).</div>
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British military observers called this mountain ridge “<i>the Zeitun Ridge, from the tomb of a sheikh on its western tip</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3SVvryoR2A0C&pg=PA188&lpg=PA188&dq=sheikh+Zeitun+Ridge&source=bl&ots=9p71hf5ncz&sig=oNCYXNj-Z8uc1mAc6LMT7dh4hU0&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIvNya9Y3dAhUGFSwKHTARBVAQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=sheikh%20Zeitun%20Ridge&f=false">Grainger, 188</a>). It's not known whether the sanctuary of sheikh Abu az-Zeitun was damaged during that period.</div>
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Video of 2018</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='544' height='452' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzGbaQ8Z-KhQQ4MPGDUAR1m4ZjeVI3R6I-Sq4dpDnf3Qhu7jgByxwm83O62irTaccbOQ8lr9FSbfRIxTU_eFQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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Now only the Prayer room of the sanctuary is fully saved. However, its western wall has dangerous cracks. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zawiya_(institution)"><i>zawiya</i></a>; is almost destroyed, only outside walls, which fit to the walls of the rectangular yard, are left. The destruction of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan"><i>iwan</i></a> is in full swing: its ceiling has collapsed by 2/3, wreckage buried the mihrab. The burial chamber of sheikh Abu az-Zeitun is also rapidly destroying: the wreckage of the collapsed dome covered the floor by half.</div>
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If one does not take immediate measures to conserve the building, it may be expected to be catastrophically destroyed in the nearest time. </div>
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<i>Route</i>: You can reach the makam by asphalt road extended from a highway which ran past <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beitunia">Beitunia</a>. Now there is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier">Separation barrier</a> and Israeli patrol road. Thus, a free access to the maqam was blocked. To reach the sanctuary you should take quite a difficult way, the plan is attached below.</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cDWlFbnMFgE/W6KNyGnWwsI/AAAAAAAAGRQ/sKZZ7e9FCvge2JtBpYuVwWvnLnxjK9FzgCLcBGAs/s1600/Umm%2Besh%2BSheikh.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1019" data-original-width="1600" height="406" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cDWlFbnMFgE/W6KNyGnWwsI/AAAAAAAAGRQ/sKZZ7e9FCvge2JtBpYuVwWvnLnxjK9FzgCLcBGAs/s640/Umm%2Besh%2BSheikh.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 10.08.18</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°53'15.2"N 35°08'04.6"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.887541,35.134614&spn=0.029941,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog01gu#page/263/mode/1up">Guérin, Samarie II 46</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/157/mode/1up">SWP III, 157</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/327/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 327 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 137</a>; <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/116j">Canaan 1927, 105</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.208330/2015.208330.The-Palestine#page/n181/mode/1up">Wavell 1938, 171</a>; <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3SVvryoR2A0C&pg=PA188&lpg=PA188&dq=sheikh+Zeitun+Ridge&source=bl&ots=9p71hf5ncz&sig=oNCYXNj-Z8uc1mAc6LMT7dh4hU0&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIvNya9Y3dAhUGFSwKHTARBVAQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=sheikh%20Zeitun%20Ridge&f=false">Grainger, 188</a>; iNature: <a href="https://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90">Beitunia Reserve</a></div><i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8876159,35.1344876,3a,74.5y,157.53h,91.08t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMdkTwyOIS_-yupQE-m6acZ0Feqiw0WH7lIrfGA!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMdkTwyOIS_-yupQE-m6acZ0Feqiw0WH7lIrfGA%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya347.5302-ro-0-fo100!7i7200!8i3600">Panorama 1</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Ahmad</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ أحمد</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אחמד</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">T. Canaan</a> reports that sheikh Ahmad was one of the negro saints, the so-called “darky” or “Nubian”. T. Canaan enumerates five other black sheikhs whose tombs became shrines, adding that he doesn't know any female negro saints (<a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/247j">1927, 238</a>). It was ascertained that the maqam of sheikh Ahmad had been built on the remains of a Byzantine church. According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> who visited Kuriet as-Sa'ideh in October 1873, “<i>The Mukam of Sheikh Ahmed is near a group of three very fine oaks and two carob-trees, which occupy the crest of the ridge, and arc very conspicuous on all sides</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/135/mode/1up">SWP III 135</a>)</div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AeCjHoAG1BU/UQRJGaYNwTI/AAAAAAAABVk/z42G0R74Axw/s1600/Ahmad+sheikh+02+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AeCjHoAG1BU/UQRJGaYNwTI/AAAAAAAABVk/z42G0R74Axw/s640/Ahmad+sheikh+02+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qg9CZEP0h0w/USAwyl15HRI/AAAAAAAACIA/LiUwOCjjaVg/s1600/Ahmad+sheikh+11+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qg9CZEP0h0w/USAwyl15HRI/AAAAAAAACIA/LiUwOCjjaVg/s640/Ahmad+sheikh+11+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister">R. Macalister</a> in 1904 described the maqam as: “<i>North of the complex is an open, grassy space in which stands a square shrine or wely of the ordinary type. The capital of a column built upside down over the door, and here sketched (not to scale), no doubt belongs to some part of the earlier structures... Neither can I find any traces of interments, except it be a half-effaced Muslim tomb or two within the precincts of the wely itself</i>.” Besides that Macalister saw the Sacred Enclosure or Sacred temenos next to the maqam (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme36pale#page/249/mode/1up">Quarterly statement XXXVI 249–253</a>).</div>
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Photo of 1904 (from the book by R. Macalister)</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3UCd-vC1tW0/UQRJyQjv2kI/AAAAAAAABWc/yXJ2fiFAJGo/s1600/Ahmad+sheikh+1904.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="510" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3UCd-vC1tW0/UQRJyQjv2kI/AAAAAAAABWc/yXJ2fiFAJGo/s640/Ahmad+sheikh+1904.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Ancient oaks are still there. In Hebrew this place is called Hurvat Se'adim. But the maqam is in ruins. It is a perfect square with dimensions: 6.80 x 6.80 m. No chapiter is present. Extant parts of the building are: part of the north wall with the entrance; part of the western wall with a rather large window; and part of the south wall with the remainder of the mihrab. Instead of the east wall there is a pile of stones. The location of cenotaph cannot be determined, because the interior is blocked up with fragments of collapsed walls and dome. The floor of the maqam is at a depth of about one meter under the present surface.</div>
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View from the south. Entrance to the maqam</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kKNVY8QX1hs/UQRJX_LW_7I/AAAAAAAABV0/F-W8qlUEiV8/s1600/Ahmad+sheikh+04+%2528north%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kKNVY8QX1hs/UQRJX_LW_7I/AAAAAAAABV0/F-W8qlUEiV8/s640/Ahmad+sheikh+04+%2528north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Entrance to the maqam. View from the inside</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JhcfvIOLEF4/UQRKQTo5ydI/AAAAAAAABWs/98CLyxG4aSU/s1600/Ahmad+sheikh+05+%2528entrance+from+the+south%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JhcfvIOLEF4/UQRKQTo5ydI/AAAAAAAABWs/98CLyxG4aSU/s640/Ahmad+sheikh+05+%2528entrance+from+the+south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8CHcaNAvbpI/UQRJgc2OBII/AAAAAAAABWE/l1u5JXBHPUA/s1600/Ahmad+sheikh+07+%2528west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8CHcaNAvbpI/UQRJgc2OBII/AAAAAAAABWE/l1u5JXBHPUA/s640/Ahmad+sheikh+07+%2528west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The eastern wall of the maqam. View from the inside</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zDuR0rhHytg/UQRJnjCdOzI/AAAAAAAABWM/jzPW3MSBHI4/s1600/Ahmad+sheikh+08+%2528eastern+wall%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zDuR0rhHytg/UQRJnjCdOzI/AAAAAAAABWM/jzPW3MSBHI4/s640/Ahmad+sheikh+08+%2528eastern+wall%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The remains of the mihrab in the southern wall</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-92pRKRZFr3o/UQRJ1h1V8UI/AAAAAAAABWk/0Pd9AQy6mk4/s1600/Ahmad+sheikh+09+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-92pRKRZFr3o/UQRJ1h1V8UI/AAAAAAAABWk/0Pd9AQy6mk4/s640/Ahmad+sheikh+09+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Ancient oaks near the maqam</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sWr7Zz5u3Y0/UQRJuhDglpI/AAAAAAAABWU/p_37AMJUQyk/s1600/Ahmad+sheikh+10+%2528oaks%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sWr7Zz5u3Y0/UQRJuhDglpI/AAAAAAAABWU/p_37AMJUQyk/s640/Ahmad+sheikh+10+%2528oaks%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> Westwards from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminadav">moshav Aminadav</a> along the paved road, past the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Kennedy">Kennedy Memorial</a>, further to Hurvat Se'adim, located nearly a kilometer far from the moshav. Nearby there are the ruins of the buildings from Byzantine and Early Muslim ages, and a popular tourist attraction – Shvil Ayanot (“Path of the springs”).</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°45'04.4"N 35°07'45.9"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.751156,35.129524&spn=0.003439,0.004823&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/135/mode/1up">SWP III 135</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme36pale#page/249/mode/1up">Quarterly statement XXXVI 249–253</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/18j">Canaan 1927, 4</a>, <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/47j">34</a>, <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/114j">103</a>, <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/246j">237–239</a></div>
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Wikipedia: <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D">Hurvat Seadim</a>; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D">Hurvat Seadim Reserve</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/111475139007212440838/photos/@31.7494894,35.1285498,3a,52.9y,63.98h,43.91t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPelNE7Kbg6eecxjrzfroVwmmG6SUKvUQkGRl1G!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPelNE7Kbg6eecxjrzfroVwmmG6SUKvUQkGRl1G%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya80-ro-0-fo100!7i10440!8i5220!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7510252,35.1294154,3a,86y,333.79h,87.22t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOVLSc0X74Xk8iisZQH2RXWd_Wh_885F-2lxKAC!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOVLSc0X74Xk8iisZQH2RXWd_Wh_885F-2lxKAC%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya312.4538-ro-0-fo100!7i10240!8i5120?hl=com">Panorama 2</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7511157,35.1295246,3a,75y,257.33h,93.94t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOXsjguI-AhiO0jIraoXy4o3gFIDIbtFN_EklnV!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOXsjguI-AhiO0jIraoXy4o3gFIDIbtFN_EklnV%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya170.87479-ro-0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352?hl=com">Panorama 3</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Ahmad al-Hubani</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ أحمد الحوباني</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אחמד אל-חובאני</b></div>
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It’s located between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Giora">moshav Bar Giora</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzur_Hadassah">Tzur Hadassah</a> at Khirbet Huban (Hubin, al-Hubein); <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_National_Trail">Shvil Israel</a> passes nearby. The monument has a complicated structure (A. Petersen uses the word “complex”). People got from the entrance hall (C) straight into the prayer room (B) with a large arch on the east side. On the walls of this room there are many modern drawings of geometrical shapes which look like plants. One cannot say with certainty whether Muslims left these drawings. There are no inscriptions, either Arab or Jewish. In the south wall of the prayer room there is entrance to the burial chamber (A) crowned by a dome, where once stood the cenotaph. The western side of maqam adjoins to a large room with an arched vault, which might have been a <i>zawiya</i>, i.e. monastic cell (D).</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-e_6frBwTSR4/UQRLfLXpZ2I/AAAAAAAABXs/J-kiP9iBGmQ/s1600/Ahmad+el-Hubani+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-e_6frBwTSR4/UQRLfLXpZ2I/AAAAAAAABXs/J-kiP9iBGmQ/s640/Ahmad+el-Hubani+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-H0hTqXGlCfQ/USAwowEFczI/AAAAAAAACH4/KdvWXToXujE/s1600/Ahmad+el-Hubani+09+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-H0hTqXGlCfQ/USAwowEFczI/AAAAAAAACH4/KdvWXToXujE/s640/Ahmad+el-Hubani+09+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of the maqam (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ganICbWUREA/UQRL5F-_5TI/AAAAAAAABYI/o89xSdfOGuQ/s1600/Ahmad+el-Hubani+08+%2528plan%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ganICbWUREA/UQRL5F-_5TI/AAAAAAAABYI/o89xSdfOGuQ/s320/Ahmad+el-Hubani+08+%2528plan%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QspB8tZSFpY/UQRLehkmhGI/AAAAAAAABXk/MBNeQ_FBX2k/s1600/Ahmad+el-Hubani+02+%2528east%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QspB8tZSFpY/UQRLehkmhGI/AAAAAAAABXk/MBNeQ_FBX2k/s640/Ahmad+el-Hubani+02+%2528east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--vtVvMfb4qc/UQRMrJ3TxZI/AAAAAAAABYc/UFbB7C6ZOiI/s1600/Ahmad+el-Hubani+05+%2528north-east%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--vtVvMfb4qc/UQRMrJ3TxZI/AAAAAAAABYc/UFbB7C6ZOiI/s640/Ahmad+el-Hubani+05+%2528north-east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Po85_Qib0LU/UQRLqEsT-DI/AAAAAAAABX0/nRLafq2LkP0/s1600/Ahmad+el-Hubani+03+%2528south-west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Po85_Qib0LU/UQRLqEsT-DI/AAAAAAAABX0/nRLafq2LkP0/s640/Ahmad+el-Hubani+03+%2528south-west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Entrance to the hall (C)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sGDjJC_3XSs/UQRLs1Z1UsI/AAAAAAAABX8/pJeGT6OI0l0/s1600/Ahmad+el-Hubani+04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sGDjJC_3XSs/UQRLs1Z1UsI/AAAAAAAABX8/pJeGT6OI0l0/s640/Ahmad+el-Hubani+04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The prayer room (B) and the entrance to the burial chamber (A)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-A-pzdG1-IXs/UQRMzPzBzVI/AAAAAAAABYk/n4irgfY_tM0/s1600/Ahmad+el-Hubani+06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-A-pzdG1-IXs/UQRMzPzBzVI/AAAAAAAABYk/n4irgfY_tM0/s640/Ahmad+el-Hubani+06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The monument is in unsatisfactory state. Not that it might face a further destruction in the nearest future, but still it needs to be preserved.</div>
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Not far from the maqam <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> in 1863 saw a small Palestinian village; now only ruins remained on its place (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr03gugoog#page/n394/mode/1up">Judee II 383</a>). About the sheikh Ahmad al-Hubani himself we know nothing but the name.</div>
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A. Petersen has a little confusion over this maqam. First of all, he uses a wrong name for it: Maqam Shaykh Musafir. Secondly, he incorrectly locates it on Khirbet Kafr Sum, which is situated at the distance of 1.5 km to the north-east from Khirbet Huban (2001, 195). But the description of maqam, its plan and the photo in the Petersen’s book show that we are still undoubtedly talking about the tomb of sheikh Ahmad al-Hubani at Khirbet Huban. Meanwhile, at Khirbet Kafr Sum indeed there are the remains of the Muslim building, but it is not a maqam but a rural mosque. We’ll talk about it below (<a href="http://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2012/12/14-abandoned-mosques.html">14. Abandoned Mosques</a>: Mosque in Khirbet Kafr Sum).</div>
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<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 195</a>:</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QsH3oLbEAAo/UQRL4ZQglMI/AAAAAAAABYE/NgTnGVpq-n8/s1600/Ahmad+el-Hubani+07+%2528Petersen+195%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QsH3oLbEAAo/UQRL4ZQglMI/AAAAAAAABYE/NgTnGVpq-n8/s640/Ahmad+el-Hubani+07+%2528Petersen+195%2529.jpg" width="456" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> Turn to the south off <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_386_(Israel)">Route 386</a> between road junctions Nes Harim and Tzur Hadassah, in the direction of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_National_Trail">Shvil Israel</a>, then keep for about a kilometer westwards along the road 4x4 (see the map).</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 31.07.12
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°43'31.4"N 35°04'49.2"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.725429,35.080376&spn=0.029969,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/383/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 383</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/327/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 327 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 138</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 195</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/79/site/13109">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>; <a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=1472&mag_id=117">Hadashot Arkheologiyot</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Ahmad al-‘Umari</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ أحمد العمري</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אחמד אל-עומרי</b></div>
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This maqam is situated not far from Kfira Spring and is located on the hillside, which is quite unusual for a maqam. A high cliff overhangs the tomb, and it almost completely nestled in the shade of a huge fig tree. Nearby are the ruins of a deserted Palestinian village. Entrance to the maqam is on the east side, on the lintel (a crossbeam above the entrance) there is a inscription in Arabic written with red paint: “Allah”. Cenotaph didn’t survive. Mihrab in the south wall is painted with the same red paint, indicating that Muslims visit the shrine. Israelis believe that they come from the Palestinian territory through some breach in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier">Separation barrier</a>.</div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_JJZo6K7i2A/UQRN1cJs2OI/AAAAAAAABZc/HFZQvO_yHUM/s1600/Ahmad+el-Umari+01+%2528Ein+Kfira%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_JJZo6K7i2A/UQRN1cJs2OI/AAAAAAAABZc/HFZQvO_yHUM/s640/Ahmad+el-Umari+01+%2528Ein+Kfira%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZEazBfdpjpo/UQRN7cklO4I/AAAAAAAABZk/jXh8UYcKZQs/s1600/Ahmad+el-Umari+02+%2528Ein+Kfira%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZEazBfdpjpo/UQRN7cklO4I/AAAAAAAABZk/jXh8UYcKZQs/s640/Ahmad+el-Umari+02+%2528Ein+Kfira%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qqNMj_VGaM4/UQRObU6aINI/AAAAAAAABZ8/TdZ_3b3fhH4/s1600/Ahmad+el-Umari+04+%2528Ein+Kfira%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qqNMj_VGaM4/UQRObU6aINI/AAAAAAAABZ8/TdZ_3b3fhH4/s640/Ahmad+el-Umari+04+%2528Ein+Kfira%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j0FqnANZvIY/UQRO0iRcvWI/AAAAAAAABaU/FP6dYqxS9fA/s1600/Ahmad+el-Umari+05+%2528Ein+Kfira%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j0FqnANZvIY/UQRO0iRcvWI/AAAAAAAABaU/FP6dYqxS9fA/s640/Ahmad+el-Umari+05+%2528Ein+Kfira%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6Ubv0SOXshc/UQROlPhIunI/AAAAAAAABaE/kCuESuHpg4k/s1600/Ahmad+el-Umari+06+%2528Ein+Kfira%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6Ubv0SOXshc/UQROlPhIunI/AAAAAAAABaE/kCuESuHpg4k/s640/Ahmad+el-Umari+06+%2528Ein+Kfira%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. To the right of the Highway leading to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nataf">Nataf</a>, a kilometer short of the settlement, there is a path with green marks. Moving along it, you'll find yourself in a gorgeous ravine where Nahal Kfira flows; and 1.5 kilometer further you’ll find ‘Ein Kfira. The required maqam is situated not far from it.</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°49'48.9"N 35°05'26.2"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.83017,35.089989&spn=0.057609,0.077162&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Badr ad-Din al-Jimali</b></div>
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<b>مقام السلطان بدر</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' באדר אל-ג'מלי</b></div>
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In the beginning of the 19th century, Badr ad-Din Muhammad al-Jimali came to Palestine from somewhere in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khorasan">Khorasan</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejaz">Hejaz</a> as a dervish and became famous as a prominent Muslim scholar and a wonder-worker. He is credited with the discovery of almost all of the springs on the outskirts of Jerusalem. He had five or eight sons, and each of them had achieved something in the field of faith. His daughters-healers Badriya, Humaidiya and Salamiya were also extremely famous. Sheikh Badr died in 1253 and was buried in the village which after that was named <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayr_al-Shaykh">Deir ash-Sheikh</a> – “The residence of a sheikh.” According to the legend all the holy men and even animals visited his grave.</div>
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Photo of 1980s (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b9gtUbuc_lc/UQRPEe9SKTI/AAAAAAAABas/ZD-qFU5Wn5A/s1600/Badr+el-Jimali+1980s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b9gtUbuc_lc/UQRPEe9SKTI/AAAAAAAABas/ZD-qFU5Wn5A/s640/Badr+el-Jimali+1980s.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-l1_fh1tS35w/USA_5SyLOqI/AAAAAAAACLA/9aSwbqicurM/s1600/Badr+el-Jimali+08+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-l1_fh1tS35w/USA_5SyLOqI/AAAAAAAACLA/9aSwbqicurM/s640/Badr+el-Jimali+08+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The spacious prayer hall with a large arch is adjacent to a small maqam of almost cubic shape (5.15 x 4.30 x 2.90 m). Cenotaph of a sheikh was in a special arched recess in the south wall of the maqam and was separated by a stone wall one meter high. Up until 1948 the tomb of sheikh Badr experienced a great fame and was the place of pilgrimage. A layer of white plaster is still present on the walls of the maqam.</div>
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View from the north. Left — the prayer hall</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h5F0nAgk55g/UQRPCfajcrI/AAAAAAAABak/4vR_rUcIS7w/s1600/Badr+el-Jimali+01+%2528north%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h5F0nAgk55g/UQRPCfajcrI/AAAAAAAABak/4vR_rUcIS7w/s640/Badr+el-Jimali+01+%2528north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B9b1KgDEKYQ/UQRQMpyMnbI/AAAAAAAABcE/MaNHmT7bs_o/s1600/Badr+el-Jimali+02+%2528west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B9b1KgDEKYQ/UQRQMpyMnbI/AAAAAAAABcE/MaNHmT7bs_o/s640/Badr+el-Jimali+02+%2528west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JbuQr1krUoI/UQRO8iC12RI/AAAAAAAABac/GG3m7C6p89Q/s1600/Badr+el-Jimali+03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JbuQr1krUoI/UQRO8iC12RI/AAAAAAAABac/GG3m7C6p89Q/s640/Badr+el-Jimali+03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The plan of the religious complex of Deir ash-Sheikh (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gEYCrGI5GnA/UQUwGw03rYI/AAAAAAAABrE/mzthFiVqcbY/s1600/Deir+el-Sheikh+plan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gEYCrGI5GnA/UQUwGw03rYI/AAAAAAAABrE/mzthFiVqcbY/s640/Deir+el-Sheikh+plan.jpg" width="548" /></a></div>
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After examining Deir ash-Sheikh in 1993 A. Petersen came to the conclusion that the religious complex had been developing for hundreds of years, but the oldest part of it is the crypt located in the south-eastern part of the complex. There are several tombstones in this crypt organized in two rows. Ogive indicates, perhaps, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem">Crusaders period</a>. At the second stage of construction the maqam of sheikh Badr was built. The last to arise was a prayer hall, which is located in the southwest corner of the complex and is the largest structure of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk period</a>, or the beginning of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 138</a>).</div>
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The prayer hall</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-W8RY3lmP7hM/UQRPbM8QDLI/AAAAAAAABbU/T6jGiCzL09M/s1600/Badr+el-Jimali+05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-W8RY3lmP7hM/UQRPbM8QDLI/AAAAAAAABbU/T6jGiCzL09M/s640/Badr+el-Jimali+05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The chamber adjacent to the prayer hall</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aQxDI6tLOqQ/UQUxq_A-r4I/AAAAAAAABsE/5Xo69_2Hnkw/s1600/Badr+el-Jimali+06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aQxDI6tLOqQ/UQUxq_A-r4I/AAAAAAAABsE/5Xo69_2Hnkw/s640/Badr+el-Jimali+06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The pavilion in the north-western part of the complex
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1edXBGnn0nY/UQU0Bwl7cEI/AAAAAAAABtE/e6_lcUTIqEE/s1600/Badr+el-Jimali+07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1edXBGnn0nY/UQU0Bwl7cEI/AAAAAAAABtE/e6_lcUTIqEE/s640/Badr+el-Jimali+07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> To get to the ruins of the Arab village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayr_al-Shaykh">Deir ash-Sheikh</a> is not an easy task. One’d better pull off <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_386_(Israel)">Route 386</a> at the Rephaim bridge, drive along Derech Sorek till Bar Giora railway station, and then walk up the path with blue marks for about 800 meters. It took us half an hour to climb it.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 31.07.12</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°44'56.2"N 35°04'02.2"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.748314,35.067115&spn=0.02102,0.031714&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/160/mode/1up">Palästina-Vereins II 160</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/24/mode/1up">SWP III 24</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/293/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 293 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 140</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/details/CooksHandbookForPalestineAndSyria/page/n63">Cook's Handbook 1907, 47</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme25pale#page/35/mode/1up">Quarterly statement XXVI 35</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/294j">Canaan 1927, 285</a>, <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/314j">305–308</a>; <a href="http://www.persee.fr/doc/syria_0039-7946_1950_num_27_1_8424?q">Perrot 1950, 194–195</a>; Khalidi 1992, 288; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/8402487/Muslim_Shrines_in_Palestine">Petersen 1996, 99–103</a>; <a href="https://kotar.cet.ac.il/KotarApp/Viewer.aspx?nBookID=99436339#122.1137.6.default">Ariel 1996, 120</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 136–138</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=i_Q84XRO5X4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA158#v=onepage&q&f=false">Ephrat 2008, 158</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/79/site/12954">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>; <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90_%28%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%91%29">Bar Giora</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7488291,35.0672241,3a,75y,1.68h,48.82t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMaiAJq_xa2uATAf11FboVBUovpxDRqG19sLSoB!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMaiAJq_xa2uATAf11FboVBUovpxDRqG19sLSoB%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya124.489174-ro-0-fo100!7i7680!8i3840?hl=com">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7489401,35.0672803,3a,75y,9.81h,58.58t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNZBYGI5uI1oir85S3m-Lp8QUmk1azKJmx0JUIU!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNZBYGI5uI1oir85S3m-Lp8QUmk1azKJmx0JUIU%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya259.04724-ro-0-fo100!7i10240!8i5120?hl=com">Panorama 2</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Marzuk</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ مرزوق</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' מרזוק</b></div>
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It is said that sheikh Marzuk lived the life of a hermit and observed the surrounding Palestinian villages from the top of the mountain where he had settled. The residents of these villages brought him food and water, and in winter – warm clothes. After the death of the sheikh he was buried in the place where he used to live – on the top of the mountain, which is now called Giora. The maqam appears on the map of Palestine Exploration Fund (<a href="http://www.nla.gov.au/apps/cdview/?pi=nla.map-rm1949-h3-v">Sheet XVII</a>) under the name Burj esh-Sheikh Marzuk. E. Palmer explains: “<i>The tower of Sheikh Marzuk, pn;. meaning 'provided for'</i>.” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/292/mode/1up">1881, 292</a>)</div>
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It is interesting that the first Israeli mountaineers reached the peak of the Mount Giora only in the early 1980s, and it wasn’t until 1985 that this Muslim tomb was charted.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cFpvA681dng/USBAXxdxpTI/AAAAAAAACLI/aThNUXTSelg/s1600/Marzuk+sheikh+11+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cFpvA681dng/USBAXxdxpTI/AAAAAAAACLI/aThNUXTSelg/s640/Marzuk+sheikh+11+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8hdUNcj2Qqc/UQRP3tYJXAI/AAAAAAAABb0/XEsRchNjJJs/s1600/Marzuk+sheikh+01+%2528south%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="476" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8hdUNcj2Qqc/UQRP3tYJXAI/AAAAAAAABb0/XEsRchNjJJs/s640/Marzuk+sheikh+01+%2528south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DZjAHt5fsNo/UQRQbAymWaI/AAAAAAAABcU/sjZhK01All0/s1600/Marzuk+sheikh+03+%2528south-west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DZjAHt5fsNo/UQRQbAymWaI/AAAAAAAABcU/sjZhK01All0/s640/Marzuk+sheikh+03+%2528south-west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8gF804pnG2A/UQRQT4NtufI/AAAAAAAABcM/_edbdgJLQ6k/s1600/Marzuk+sheikh+04+%2528north-west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8gF804pnG2A/UQRQT4NtufI/AAAAAAAABcM/_edbdgJLQ6k/s640/Marzuk+sheikh+04+%2528north-west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Entrance to the maqam in the west</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8GuTDU6ejUc/UQRQke7MyeI/AAAAAAAABcc/J_ahYS4HbvI/s1600/Marzuk+sheikh+05+%2528west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8GuTDU6ejUc/UQRQke7MyeI/AAAAAAAABcc/J_ahYS4HbvI/s640/Marzuk+sheikh+05+%2528west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BBmpzT4mmqQ/UQRRBV03JPI/AAAAAAAABc8/a0HgVY_UJMs/s1600/Marzuk+sheikh+06+%2528east+wall%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BBmpzT4mmqQ/UQRRBV03JPI/AAAAAAAABc8/a0HgVY_UJMs/s400/Marzuk+sheikh+06+%2528east+wall%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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This structure can hardly be called a tower. The west side of the maqam (7.50 x 7.30 x 3.70 m) is adjacent to a small annex (7.50 x 5.0 m) – a sort of a little courtyard. Its walls used to be partly made of large stone blocks. Now these walls are almost completely destroyed. The entrance to the maqam is on the same west side. Above the entrance there is a massive lintel. Walls of the maqam are up to 1.70 m thick. The floor of the burial chamber is 1.30 m lower than the surface of the entrance, but there are no steps at all. In the room with a vaulted ceiling there is no mihrab or cenotaph. In the north wall there is a small window. Strictly speaking, the only reason that allows to classify this strange structure as a maqam is a dome on the top of it, more than ¾ of which is destroyed.</div>
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The dome</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-awBr8fLG790/UQRQrU1v0pI/AAAAAAAABck/aD6F66ylktk/s1600/Marzuk+sheikh+07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-awBr8fLG790/UQRQrU1v0pI/AAAAAAAABck/aD6F66ylktk/s400/Marzuk+sheikh+07.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Traces of fire can be seen on the roof of the maqam</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YZf26lZkHJE/UQRQxOy6Z5I/AAAAAAAABcs/M8DzEUa3f_Q/s1600/Marzuk+sheikh+08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YZf26lZkHJE/UQRQxOy6Z5I/AAAAAAAABcs/M8DzEUa3f_Q/s400/Marzuk+sheikh+08.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Those who had a barbecue here knew that they’d got on the Muslim shrine, because as the Parks authority board with the information about this object stands on the path.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bZMCxZNdNsQ/UQRTEuEUK6I/AAAAAAAABeA/Y3hv0TX50S0/s1600/Marzuk+sheikh+10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bZMCxZNdNsQ/UQRTEuEUK6I/AAAAAAAABeA/Y3hv0TX50S0/s640/Marzuk+sheikh+10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> Turn left (north) off <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_386_(Israel)">Route 386</a> Tzur Hadassah road junction, near a fire station, and keep eastwards for about a kilometer along a dirt road, partially coinciding with Shvil Israel. Then turn to the north-west, to the road 4x4 leading to Mount Giora. Move along the red marks. 500 m short of the top of the road turns right and goes down again. Here you can leave your car and walk up the path with green marks to the top of the Mount Giora where the maqam is. The path is of high complexity, only trained people can manage it.</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°44'35.7"N 35°04'50.6"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.744263,35.080633&spn=0.010511,0.015857&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/292/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 292 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/79/site/13025">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90">Mount Giora Reserve</a>; The article about the <a href="http://wiki.imga.org.il/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%97_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A7">Mount Giora</a>; The article by Seffi ben Joseph about <a href="http://www.seffibenjoseph.co.il/Sbj/D1_Content/MenuID/1011/ID/1663">Sheikh Marzuk</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7446158,35.0811078,3a,90y,266.56h,77.32t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOwC3zRmWQNJ1aMrWQ1HIvzbBVSvna5A9DxNK3F!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOwC3zRmWQNJ1aMrWQ1HIvzbBVSvna5A9DxNK3F%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya357.90274-ro-0-fo100!7i5120!8i1556">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7446127,35.0811324,3a,90y,343.58h,68.52t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNI2GGNAxaqRyRQgTwKQXWhTOYr9kNr6AMnLM2z!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNI2GGNAxaqRyRQgTwKQXWhTOYr9kNr6AMnLM2z%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya237.70863-ro0-fo100!7i10240!8i5120?hl=com">Panorama 2</a><br />
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<b>Mausoleum of sheikh Mustafa Abu Ghosh</b></div>
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<b>ضريح الشيخ أبو غوش مصطفى</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אבו גוש מוסטפא</b></div>
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The building is described in details by M. Sharon: "The old cemetery of village [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a>] is located to the north of the Benedictine convent. The mausoleum of Mustafa Abu Ghоsh was built on the slope of the hill overlooking the convent and the valley with the village gardens. Some other members of the family were later buried around the mausoleum.</div>
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The building and its architectural and decorative details represent excellent masonry. It consists of one square room, about 4x4 m (inside), the interior of which is plastered and painted white, with the large tomb occupying most of its space. The plaster in and around the <i>mihrab</i> was moulded to form decorative elements: a stylized combination of a star inside a crescent in the midst of the <i>mihrab</i>, and over its arch, a rather primitive moulding representing two crescents on spikes flanking a spearhead. The entrance to the mausoleum is from the east through a gate with a perfect arch, to the left of which there is a little arched window.</div>
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Photo of 1920s (from the article by McCown)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FklaFsTMQp4/UQRNOIJf69I/AAAAAAAABYs/9bRIkQ7lnp4/s1600/Abu+Ghosh+%2528McCown+70%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FklaFsTMQp4/UQRNOIJf69I/AAAAAAAABYs/9bRIkQ7lnp4/s1600/Abu+Ghosh+%2528McCown+70%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SQhmVwTfq_Q/UQRNVJPbu7I/AAAAAAAABY0/pRi1k58nEho/s1600/Abu+Ghosh+2012.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SQhmVwTfq_Q/UQRNVJPbu7I/AAAAAAAABY0/pRi1k58nEho/s640/Abu+Ghosh+2012.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZdV2NSWevR8/UQRNt7CL1vI/AAAAAAAABZU/iw1ey_wHl4g/s1600/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+01.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZdV2NSWevR8/UQRNt7CL1vI/AAAAAAAABZU/iw1ey_wHl4g/s640/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+01.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The inscription above the arch</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rHf_lugxoWM/UQRNh4zo31I/AAAAAAAABZM/4qftOzvAa0M/s1600/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+03.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rHf_lugxoWM/UQRNh4zo31I/AAAAAAAABZM/4qftOzvAa0M/s640/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+03.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bOIYYvO0Ygs/UQRNgeeY6hI/AAAAAAAABZE/UelsPHkwgEQ/s1600/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+04.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bOIYYvO0Ygs/UQRNgeeY6hI/AAAAAAAABZE/UelsPHkwgEQ/s640/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+04.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OSb7Yf9Furk/UQROO8ZROCI/AAAAAAAABZ0/_WiTvasoRVQ/s1600/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+06.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OSb7Yf9Furk/UQROO8ZROCI/AAAAAAAABZ0/_WiTvasoRVQ/s640/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+06.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0ufMzHFb9wA/UQROrz-HsCI/AAAAAAAABaM/ZhvgtlhORx0/s1600/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+05.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0ufMzHFb9wA/UQROrz-HsCI/AAAAAAAABaM/ZhvgtlhORx0/s400/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+05.JPG" width="298" /></a></div>
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The outer southern wall is the real facade of the mausoleum. It is carefully decorated with architectural elements: an arch surmounted by a gable, both protruding from the wall. The inscription was placed above the arch, in the gable. A hole was cut in the wall within the decorative arch, through which only a head can pass, to enable close viewing of the tomb inside.
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A slab of marble, 0.76 x 0.38 m, placed in a frame. The inscription is a poem; each line, made of two hemispheres, is set in carved fields. Delicate floriated decoration ornaments die right and left margins. 4 lines, Ottoman naskhi; small letters, dots and many vowels; in relief.
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<i>May the cloud of mercy water you, O noble Mustafa,</i></div>
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<i>from Allah our endlessly benevolent Lord.</i></div>
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<i>As you provided the thirsty ones seeking the fountain</i></div>
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<i>with beverage of clean water, like flowing honey.</i></div>
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<i>Greeted thy face, handsome (by God's) approval,</i></div>
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<i>fragrance, fresh with nobility and love.</i></div>
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<i>O, everyone who answers the call of God forthwith,</i></div>
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<i>its date is with Allah in everlasting Garden.</i></div>
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<i>The year 1280</i> (1863/4)<span style="text-align: justify;">”</span> (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=j1rSzWgHMjoC&%20redir=PP1&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false">CIAP, I 7–8</a>)
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Abu Ghosh. Aerial view of 1980s. In the center – the Crusader church, on the right – the mausoleum of Mustafa Abu Ghosh</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kmlaz4dozqI/UUsgv_oIniI/AAAAAAAACdU/1KhVLEjlwmY/s1600/Abu+Gosh+aerial.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="472" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kmlaz4dozqI/UUsgv_oIniI/AAAAAAAACdU/1KhVLEjlwmY/s640/Abu+Gosh+aerial.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-isqQ9t-qC1E/USCzqxj3B4I/AAAAAAAACMc/ZrWh06542Lw/s1600/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-isqQ9t-qC1E/USCzqxj3B4I/AAAAAAAACMc/ZrWh06542Lw/s640/Abu+Ghosh+Mustafa+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Sheikh Mustafa, who lived in the middle of the 19th century, was a prominent member of the family of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a>, they were of Circassian origin. The family controlled the pilgrimage route from Jaffa to Jerusalem, and imposed tolls on all pilgrims passing through.</div>
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<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Aerial photo of 2020</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3UEGY-SO4wI/X-9RqV3rRVI/AAAAAAAAHtQ/jG6QKbu8dwwXIl2a99y77_GlgbSM3B5ygCLcBGAsYHQ/s1366/Mustafa%2BAbu%2BGhosh%2Bair%2B2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="360" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3UEGY-SO4wI/X-9RqV3rRVI/AAAAAAAAHtQ/jG6QKbu8dwwXIl2a99y77_GlgbSM3B5ygCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h360/Mustafa%2BAbu%2BGhosh%2Bair%2B2020.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>Visited</i>: 16.08.12</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°48'31.4"N 35°06'27.5"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.808947,35.107573&spn=0.007622,0.009645&t=h&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3768451?seq=4">McCown 1922, 50</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=j1rSzWgHMjoC&%20redir=PP1&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sharon, CIAP, I 7–8</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 68</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Salama</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ سلامة</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' סלמה</b></div>
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Although on the British maps of Palestine this building is called the tomb of sheikh Salama, there it is speculation that in fact Salamiya, the youngest daughter of sheikh Badr ad-Din al-Jimali, was buried here. Maqam is located on the southern slope of Mount Eitan, almost at the bottom of the ravine, which is quite unusual. The structure is heavily damaged, it’s only the northern wall with an arched entrance that is left from it. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi">W. Khalidi</a> attributes this shrine to the former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Lawz">Khirbet al-Lawz</a>, which was situated on the top of the mountain (1992, 300).</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cEgv2W4YN8A/UQRTOZ8ZpdI/AAAAAAAABeg/HHcTHvETZgA/s1600/Salama+sheikh+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cEgv2W4YN8A/UQRTOZ8ZpdI/AAAAAAAABeg/HHcTHvETZgA/s640/Salama+sheikh+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-p19eXN7LKVA/UQRVDtApdaI/AAAAAAAABfw/ieF4sy3gHfk/s1600/Salama+sheikh+04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-p19eXN7LKVA/UQRVDtApdaI/AAAAAAAABfw/ieF4sy3gHfk/s640/Salama+sheikh+04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QhoQIZXsk6A/UQRVvUq3nCI/AAAAAAAABhM/46hxOOM6Gd0/s1600/Salama+sheikh+02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QhoQIZXsk6A/UQRVvUq3nCI/AAAAAAAABhM/46hxOOM6Gd0/s640/Salama+sheikh+02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam is fifty meters away from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_386_(Israel)">Route 386</a> (the junction between the power plant and the sewage treatment facility), but it is hidden behind the trees, and it was not easy for us to get there because Mount Eitan has steep slopes. There are no paths of any kind. But the maqam is accessible from the road 4x4, which goes around Mount Eitan from the Sataf road junction.</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°45'22.4"N 35°06'30.6"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.755558,35.107756&spn=0.010509,0.015857&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: Khalidi 1992, 300
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<b>Maqam Sitt Badriya</b></div>
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<b>مقام السث بدرية</b></div>
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<b>קבר סית בדריה</b></div>
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In Islam, as well as in Christianity (as opposed to Judaism), the cult of “holy women” – female scientists, prophets and healers – is highly developed. In Palestine there are many maqams dedicated to outstanding Muslim women. The status of these women was equated to the status of sheikhs, that’s why they are often called sheikhnesses.<br />
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“<i>The female saints are believed in popular Palestinian religion to possess the same powers as the male atvlid. They heal the sick, help the oppressed, guard the property of their neighbours, protect the village from its enemies, etc</i>.” (<a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/246j">Canaan 1927, 237</a>)<br />
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The three daughters of sheikh Badr ad-Din al-Jimali – Badriya, Humaidiya and Salamiya – were such cult figures. After their deaths sheikh's daughters were buried near three important roads which lead to Jerusalem since ancient times and thus "protected" the holy city of the Muslims. Humaidiya tomb is located in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gush_Etzion">Gush Etzion</a>. The location of the Salamiya’s tomb is not determined precisely; probably, it corresponds to the Maqam sheikh Salama (see above).</div>
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Photo of 1920s</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XHWbTByiwrI/UQRPFXkX_JI/AAAAAAAABa0/9nqP0MLN66s/s1600/Badriya+1+%2528Sharafat%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XHWbTByiwrI/UQRPFXkX_JI/AAAAAAAABa0/9nqP0MLN66s/s1600/Badriya+1+%2528Sharafat%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-655k025TsGY/UQRPGAYmPUI/AAAAAAAABa8/3HnARe1QfMI/s1600/Badriya+2+%2528Sharafat%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-655k025TsGY/UQRPGAYmPUI/AAAAAAAABa8/3HnARe1QfMI/s1600/Badriya+2+%2528Sharafat%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
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Plan of the mosque (from the book by T. Canaan)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9Gsv6wxsLKM/UQRPwKPURoI/AAAAAAAABbs/ezqLDw3VQGg/s1600/Badriya+plan+%2528Sharafat%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="474" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9Gsv6wxsLKM/UQRPwKPURoI/AAAAAAAABbs/ezqLDw3VQGg/s640/Badriya+plan+%2528Sharafat%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Badriya died when her father was still alive and all the family still lived in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharafat,_East_Jerusalem">Sherafat village</a>. Her tomb is situated in this village, to the south of Jerusalem, and is a part of the complex of a functioning mosque. Residents of Sherafat faithfully cherish the memory of sheikhness Badriya. According to the custom, her cenotaph is covered with goldweave cloth. “<i>In al-Badriyeh</i>, — says <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">T. Canaan</a>, — <i>one tomb in the shrine itself is said to be hers, the other to the north that of her children, while the tomb outside her shrine is believed to be that of her husband. The caves below the shrine of es-sitt al-Badriyeh (Sarafat) are used for storing straw (tibn)</i>.” (1927, 23, 43) Badriya’s husband name was Ahmad at-Taiyar, he was her cousin, and afforded the honor of being buried near the famous couple. Their children, about whom we now know nothing, were also buried in the religious complex.</div>
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Entrance to the mosque</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-G_y-jGW6l9Q/UQRSA-6dt8I/AAAAAAAABdk/fatEFy4SzHY/s1600/Badriya+mosque+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-G_y-jGW6l9Q/UQRSA-6dt8I/AAAAAAAABdk/fatEFy4SzHY/s640/Badriya+mosque+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The burial chamber</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oc7s41tQJCg/UQRPu4eXVYI/AAAAAAAABbk/u0HylnJz1VQ/s1600/Badriya+mosque+03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oc7s41tQJCg/UQRPu4eXVYI/AAAAAAAABbk/u0HylnJz1VQ/s400/Badriya+mosque+03.jpg" width="298" /></a></div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°44'31.7"N 35°11'25.8"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.74242,35.190153&spn=0.010511,0.015857&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/37j">Canaan 1927, 23</a>, <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/56j">43</a>, <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/62j">49</a>, <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/246j">237</a>, <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/315j">306, 307</a>; <a href="https://kotar.cet.ac.il/KotarApp/Viewer.aspx?nBookID=99436339#115.746.6.default">Ariel 1996, 113</a>
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<b>Maqam sitt Mana</b></div>
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<b>مقام السث منع</b></div>
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<b>קבר סית מנע</b></div>
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No less is the glory of the five sisters of the village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_Ma%27in">Bir Ma'in</a> sheikh (or nabi): Hannaya, Zahra, Mana, Huria and Farha. They were revered as holy women and called respectfully Sitt-na, “Our Lady.” When sheikh of Bir Ma'in died, his sister hurried to come from Jisr Benat Yakub, or “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughters_of_Jacob_Bridge">Bridge of the Daughters of Jacob</a>,” which is on the Jordan to the south of Lake Huleh, in order to be present at his funeral. They all however died before reaching their destination, at different places in the neighbourhood, where their tombs are still the object of veneration (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/78/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 78</a>).</div>
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Nowadays where once was Bir Ma'in lies Israeli town <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modi%27in-Maccabim-Re%27ut">Modi'in</a>. Only two out of five tombs survived: Mana’s and Huria’s. “Kabr Sitt Mana” — “The Tomb of Lady Mana” is situated twenty meters away from the Highway surrounding the Modi'in. Its dimensions are modest: 4.00 x 3.85 x 1.50 m with a 0.40 m tall dome. The entrance to the tomb is only one meter high, one has to bend in order to enter. Mihrab is in the southern wall, the dome is partially destroyed. Now the maqam is abandoned, violently growing grass threatens to engulf him completely.
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View from the Highway</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-euL_4ra6NT0/UQRVgjc8z3I/AAAAAAAABhE/it1VpjudSNA/s1600/Sitt+Mana+01+%2528Modiin%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-euL_4ra6NT0/UQRVgjc8z3I/AAAAAAAABhE/it1VpjudSNA/s640/Sitt+Mana+01+%2528Modiin%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XnJJyNfkbIk/USBAzpFi81I/AAAAAAAACLQ/mc7DBqIyvYI/s1600/Sitt+Mana+07+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XnJJyNfkbIk/USBAzpFi81I/AAAAAAAACLQ/mc7DBqIyvYI/s640/Sitt+Mana+07+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2UihzowCqS8/UQRWycwyCLI/AAAAAAAABhg/7IbRmyY6hdw/s1600/Sitt+Mana+03+%2528north%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2UihzowCqS8/UQRWycwyCLI/AAAAAAAABhg/7IbRmyY6hdw/s640/Sitt+Mana+03+%2528north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-awZtbTqdYZg/UQRX_ax_a6I/AAAAAAAABi4/2ZW0Re_yrA4/s1600/Sitt+Mana+04+%2528south%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-awZtbTqdYZg/UQRX_ax_a6I/AAAAAAAABi4/2ZW0Re_yrA4/s640/Sitt+Mana+04+%2528south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JqX4zWwd3jE/UQRW4xW3WDI/AAAAAAAABik/hiq79S6eoZE/s1600/Sitt+Mana+05+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JqX4zWwd3jE/UQRW4xW3WDI/AAAAAAAABik/hiq79S6eoZE/s640/Sitt+Mana+05+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 29.07.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°53'30.5"N 35°01'26.5"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.891915,35.024114&spn=0.027474,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/78/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 78</a>, <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/80/mode/1up">80</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/329/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 329 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 141</a>; <a href="http://www.academia.edu/4792931/Mapping_Muslim_Sacred_Tombs_in_Palestine_During_the_Mandate_Period">Frantzman and Bar 2013, 108</a><br />
Wikipedia: <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A2">Tomb Sitt Mana</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sitt Huria</b></div>
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<b>مقام السث حورية</b></div>
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<b>קבר סית חוריה</b></div>
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One hot July day, we were driving along a semi-asphalted road from the Shilat road junction around <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfar_Ruth">Kfar Ruth moshav</a> till we came to rest against the security fence that now separates the Israeli from Palestinian Arabs who live on the “territories”. Here we got out of the car and found ourselves standing on the ruins of a Palestinian village, part of which stayed on Israeli territory; and the other part was over the fence. On the Israeli side – the remains of a Byzantine monastery and a former Muslim shrine – the tomb of lady Huria.</div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-p5DXKZFcMlE/UQRVY3S5OUI/AAAAAAAABg8/6-5t-grGrzQ/s1600/Sitt+Huria+1+%2528Modiin%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-p5DXKZFcMlE/UQRVY3S5OUI/AAAAAAAABg8/6-5t-grGrzQ/s640/Sitt+Huria+1+%2528Modiin%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> was here in April 1873 and even then he saw only the ruins (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/103/mode/1up">SWP III 103</a>). He calls the ruins of the maqam al-Huriyeh or Umm Rush.
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In December, 1917 during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign">Palestinian campaign</a> the troops of general E. Allenby conquered <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Burj,_Ramle">al-Burj</a> settlement which was located in the northern part of the present Modi'in, on Giv‘at Titora. The Turkish troops retreated and consolidated at altitudes to the north-east of al-Burj. One Australian brigade advanced against them, the photographer of which, inter alia, captured Maqam sitt Huria. This is how it looked like in January, 1918.</div>
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View from the south. Protrusion in the southern wall survived up to present days. <a href="http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/B01692/">Source</a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S9lMKyx_aF4/VG-NWb_THDI/AAAAAAAAC-o/c5RCQOYnYTc/s1600/Sitt%2BHuria%2B1918%2Bsouth.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="472" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S9lMKyx_aF4/VG-NWb_THDI/AAAAAAAAC-o/c5RCQOYnYTc/s1600/Sitt%2BHuria%2B1918%2Bsouth.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east. <a href="http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/B01685/">Source</a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iwJAufAqHr4/VG-WDn0WWqI/AAAAAAAAC_E/M_yNCf2diN4/s1600/Sitt%2BHuria%2B1918%2Bsouth-east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="462" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iwJAufAqHr4/VG-WDn0WWqI/AAAAAAAAC_E/M_yNCf2diN4/s1600/Sitt%2BHuria%2B1918%2Bsouth-east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from west. <a href="http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/B01409/">Source</a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nldljJ00dJM/VG-NYk9GaSI/AAAAAAAAC-0/NCxti4lNDsA/s1600/Sitt%2BHuria%2B1918%2Bwest.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="486" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nldljJ00dJM/VG-NYk9GaSI/AAAAAAAAC-0/NCxti4lNDsA/s1600/Sitt%2BHuria%2B1918%2Bwest.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In the photo collection of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial">Australian War Memorial</a> this maqam is called “the Old Mosque at Al-Burj” but its location (not in the middle of the settlement but among the ancient ruins), dome, typical protrusion in the southern wall and some other peculiarities leave no doubts that we see exactly the building, the remains of which are now located in Khirbet Kafr Ruth or Umm Rush. Judging by photographs of 1918, an entrance to the maqam was from the western side where there was a wide arch. At present only a southern wall with a mihrab remained from the maqam. All the rest is completely destroyed.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WX0hihFBMso/UUylY7gZtoI/AAAAAAAACeg/a_FvISPNiks/s1600/Sitt+Huria+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WX0hihFBMso/UUylY7gZtoI/AAAAAAAACeg/a_FvISPNiks/s640/Sitt+Huria+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nEOMKYJJdt0/UUylMabmoJI/AAAAAAAACdw/t4i0MWl1huM/s1600/Sitt+Huria+02+west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nEOMKYJJdt0/UUylMabmoJI/AAAAAAAACdw/t4i0MWl1huM/s640/Sitt+Huria+02+west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YG2UKgUF26s/UUyjaGJLwvI/AAAAAAAACdo/xfA2ln-oKik/s1600/Sitt+Huria+03+north.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YG2UKgUF26s/UUyjaGJLwvI/AAAAAAAACdo/xfA2ln-oKik/s640/Sitt+Huria+03+north.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yobimKNlYws/UUylhM6CBoI/AAAAAAAACew/TbyDSyFDg5E/s1600/Sitt+Huria+04+east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yobimKNlYws/UUylhM6CBoI/AAAAAAAACew/TbyDSyFDg5E/s640/Sitt+Huria+04+east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-341IRj3QEig/UUylfpNMixI/AAAAAAAACeo/Ty1omsyWV9c/s1600/Sitt+Huria+05+south-east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-341IRj3QEig/UUylfpNMixI/AAAAAAAACeo/Ty1omsyWV9c/s640/Sitt+Huria+05+south-east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vLkKGyG2gV8/UUylTevU7PI/AAAAAAAACd4/1DWwB8d2CkI/s1600/Sitt+Huria+06+mihrab.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vLkKGyG2gV8/UUylTevU7PI/AAAAAAAACd4/1DWwB8d2CkI/s640/Sitt+Huria+06+mihrab.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 29.07.12</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°54'24.3"N 35°02'25.2"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.906853,35.040035&spn=0.027469,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bSEPAAAAYAAJ&hl=no&pg=PA57&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Robinson 1841, III 57</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n69/mode/1up">Guérin, Samarie II, 48</a> (“l’Oualy el-Haourieh”); <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/78/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 78</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/103/mode/1up">SWP III 103</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/295/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 295 (Sheet XVII)</a><br />
<a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/59/site/8896">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>
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<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn2ScYYQQyZi6jItgRXWgoF2GiZQc5E2blVVEgYtt__X6BLZn6xZ3x-eCA5VjYn125aE2i3_PVbvoJ0yYL-rgrUnpvSig0KFGjbuheuSheym_vYfIdpVjdFChDQ-h-t9CC_DhkxPJug2YT-zjx4D29UHLBSsy7PbcBRTHBkuK45-ln5dZ3qAJeErI7xmid/s4000/MountGioraFeb112023_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2668" data-original-width="4000" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn2ScYYQQyZi6jItgRXWgoF2GiZQc5E2blVVEgYtt__X6BLZn6xZ3x-eCA5VjYn125aE2i3_PVbvoJ0yYL-rgrUnpvSig0KFGjbuheuSheym_vYfIdpVjdFChDQ-h-t9CC_DhkxPJug2YT-zjx4D29UHLBSsy7PbcBRTHBkuK45-ln5dZ3qAJeErI7xmid/s320/MountGioraFeb112023_01.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-61960193749495337722013-01-26T15:55:00.000-08:002020-01-07T06:15:50.098-08:004. Maqams. Shfela<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Abdallah</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ عبد الله</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' עבדאללה</b></div>
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This tomb is not mentioned by researchers of 19–20th centuries, although it is quite a remarkable one. For the first time it appeared on the <a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-233097950/view">British maps of Palestine</a>. The maqam is situated on a small hill which is historically known as Khirbet al-Habur (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/281/mode/1up">SWP III, 281</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/371/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 371 (Sheet XX)</a>). The tomb with the sizes of 6.90 х 6.75 х 2.10 m with a 1.4 m high cupola has a beautiful arch entrance from the northern side. From the right side from the entrance there is a small window. A steeple-roofed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> in a southern wall of the tomb is surrounded by Arabic and Jewish inscriptions made by present-day visitors. The sheikh's cenotaph has not survived.<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Q1t8O2YeyOk/UUywI1D03II/AAAAAAAACgo/80VJgwf8mO4/s1600/Abdallah+sh+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Q1t8O2YeyOk/UUywI1D03II/AAAAAAAACgo/80VJgwf8mO4/s640/Abdallah+sh+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GfAmBD6p2jQ/UUyxHdu5PtI/AAAAAAAAChg/52vcCzmaUHw/s1600/Abdallah+sh+air+%2528Lahish%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GfAmBD6p2jQ/UUyxHdu5PtI/AAAAAAAAChg/52vcCzmaUHw/s640/Abdallah+sh+air+%2528Lahish%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yKgDM9l0uZ0/UUywiZvd8AI/AAAAAAAACg4/XGEdL6cDOPw/s1600/Abdallah+sh+03+north-east.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yKgDM9l0uZ0/UUywiZvd8AI/AAAAAAAACg4/XGEdL6cDOPw/s640/Abdallah+sh+03+north-east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Pgi1FuSbY5I/UUyxx4TnvQI/AAAAAAAACh4/QaLapotOW0U/s1600/Abdallah+sh+02+north.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Pgi1FuSbY5I/UUyxx4TnvQI/AAAAAAAACh4/QaLapotOW0U/s640/Abdallah+sh+02+north.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3QUvi5gtEus/UUywQdzORVI/AAAAAAAACgw/uPT_HsCR5Yk/s1600/Abdallah+sh+04+west.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3QUvi5gtEus/UUywQdzORVI/AAAAAAAACgw/uPT_HsCR5Yk/s640/Abdallah+sh+04+west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mkCWYeSMQuA/UUywmP6rfbI/AAAAAAAAChA/DAFcTTnd5bQ/s1600/Abdallah+sh+05+south-east.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mkCWYeSMQuA/UUywmP6rfbI/AAAAAAAAChA/DAFcTTnd5bQ/s640/Abdallah+sh+05+south-east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tkejFL8UK60/UUyw16FGjkI/AAAAAAAAChQ/HWcrDndmUvw/s1600/Abdallah+sh+06+east.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tkejFL8UK60/UUyw16FGjkI/AAAAAAAAChQ/HWcrDndmUvw/s640/Abdallah+sh+06+east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b7Xdj89mkig/UUywxIcA48I/AAAAAAAAChI/UppESDXHzks/s1600/Abdallah+sh+07+cenotaph.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b7Xdj89mkig/UUywxIcA48I/AAAAAAAAChI/UppESDXHzks/s640/Abdallah+sh+07+cenotaph.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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From the eastern side to the maqam there is a small yard surrounded by a wall from which only fragments have been preserved nowadays. In a dozen meters to the West from the maqam the foundation of a rectangular building have been preserved, which function is not clear. Probably, it was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zawiya_(institution)"><i>zawiya</i></a> or a room for pilgrims and travellers. <br />
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Structure to the West from the maqam</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Wr8MDuRDCLM/UUyxEpHNdyI/AAAAAAAAChY/I9GBpNyKB-g/s1600/Abdallah+sh+09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Wr8MDuRDCLM/UUyxEpHNdyI/AAAAAAAAChY/I9GBpNyKB-g/s640/Abdallah+sh+09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of maqam</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2Y3o-bMasu0/UUyxIGEuseI/AAAAAAAACho/1t7EBbfIKCc/s1600/Abdallah+sh+plan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="418" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2Y3o-bMasu0/UUyxIGEuseI/AAAAAAAACho/1t7EBbfIKCc/s640/Abdallah+sh+plan.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<i>Route</i>. The maqam is situated in the Samakh Caves National Park and is seen from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_6_(Israel)">Highway 6</a>. Below this Highway a soil road passes which leads from moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%27am">No'am</a> to Cretaceous caves of Samakh close to which a Muslim shrine is located. It is also possible to reach maqam by field roads leading from moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakhish,_Israel">Lakhish</a> to the West, but these roads are almost unsuitable for cars.<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°33'13.5"N 34°48'49.5"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.553762,34.813828&spn=0.015286,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/281/mode/1up">SWP III 281</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/64/site/10143">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%9A">Samakh Caves National Park</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Abu Amran</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ أبو عمران</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אבו עמרן</b></div>
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Sheikh Abu Amran (or Abu Imran) was a local saint of Palestinian Arab village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zikrin">Zikrin</a> (Thikrin, Dhikerin), which remains are located to the north-west of kibbutz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Nir">Beit Nir</a>. The tomb of sheikh Abu Amran is met in E. Palmer's (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/273/mode/1up">1881, 273</a>) and H. Stewardson (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">1888, 137</a>) works. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> visited Zikrin in 1863 but he did not mention about the local shrine (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/107/mode/1up">Judee II 107–108</a>).<br />
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vaWrk_KYjiw/UUzDML0BoNI/AAAAAAAACoI/QEIech4ZqA8/s1600/Abu+Amran+sh+02+south.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vaWrk_KYjiw/UUzDML0BoNI/AAAAAAAACoI/QEIech4ZqA8/s640/Abu+Amran+sh+02+south.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7vEUkyNBOrk/UUzD0Lp24HI/AAAAAAAACoY/FAUlcnxFn9o/s1600/Abu+Amran+sh+air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7vEUkyNBOrk/UUzD0Lp24HI/AAAAAAAACoY/FAUlcnxFn9o/s640/Abu+Amran+sh+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam’s ruins are located on a small hill in 700 m to the north-west of Zikrin’s ruins. This is a regular 6.30 х 6.30 m square with a destroyed roof. The biggest height of retained walls – 2.60 m. Wall thickness reaches 0.77 m. An entrance to a maqam from the northern side, in the western side there retained the part of a window. Inside each wall has a big arch roof. In the southern wall there was, probably, a mihrab but in this very place there is a big fracture. It is impossible to determine the location of a cenotaph because the surface of a burial room is filled with debris of crashed walls and a dome.<br />
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GzD73Rp9R0E/UUzApQ6z9qI/AAAAAAAACno/LR6FwLSmLz4/s1600/Abu+Amran+sh+05+south-east.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GzD73Rp9R0E/UUzApQ6z9qI/AAAAAAAACno/LR6FwLSmLz4/s640/Abu+Amran+sh+05+south-east.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sBisiw4PTh0/UUzA9_7p_VI/AAAAAAAACnw/7wzuFhVprK0/s1600/Abu+Amran+sh+06+north.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sBisiw4PTh0/UUzA9_7p_VI/AAAAAAAACnw/7wzuFhVprK0/s640/Abu+Amran+sh+06+north.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior. The southern wall</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ow07p6LCpOw/UW13_DAaGsI/AAAAAAAACpw/DxyVo1S7ddc/s1600/Abu+Amran+sh+08+south+wall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ow07p6LCpOw/UW13_DAaGsI/AAAAAAAACpw/DxyVo1S7ddc/s640/Abu+Amran+sh+08+south+wall.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior. The eastern wall</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E_lwnAvBcbA/UW14-jmeEkI/AAAAAAAACp4/0Qsr7dqzMB4/s1600/Abu+Amran+sh+09+east+wall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E_lwnAvBcbA/UW14-jmeEkI/AAAAAAAACp4/0Qsr7dqzMB4/s640/Abu+Amran+sh+09+east+wall.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. From Route 353 if we travel 300 m along it to the north of kibbutz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Nir">Beit Nir</a>, a soil drive road with blue marks goes to the west. We travel along it four and a half kilometers, then we turn right to the road with green marking and we move along it eastwards for approximately one kilometer. In the place where this road makes a turn to the right (to south), in the east we see a field of wheat, behind which a desired maqam is situated. Yes, access to this facility is not easy but there is no better way.<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°40'21.3"N 34°51'09.5"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.670184,34.853354&spn=0.042149,0.063&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/273/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 273 (Sheet XVI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 137</a>; Khalidi 1992, 228<br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Abu Fatma</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ ابو فاطمة</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אבו פטמה</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> after visiting the Khirbet Zanoah in 1881 wrote the following description of the maqam: “<i>In the middle of the site is the modern Mukam of Sheikh Abu Fatmeh, with two chambers and a dome. It is kept very clean, and a small broom and a water-bottle hang on the wall. The walls are daubed with mud, with rude sketches of palm leaves, suns, etc. In the niches of the walls jars and pottery lamps are left as offerings</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/129/mode/1up">SWP III 129</a>).</div>
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We visited Khirbet Zanoah in 2012 and found only pathetic remnant of its former greatness. The interiors of the sheikh Abu Fatma tomb are filled up with stone fragments, no sign of lamps, jars are long gone. More than modest dimensions of the maqam (3.60 x 2.40 m height is difficult to determine because of the accumulation of debris) make it hard to believe that it had two chambers. To ascertain this a thorough excavation is required. C. Conder says nothing about a mosque built next to the maqam: its ruins remained to the present day. Perhaps, the mosque was built after 1881.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vfqY1-Jmv8I/UQOxvhRvPsI/AAAAAAAABEs/DvskPrLzMxg/s1600/Abu+Fatma+01+%2528H.+Zanoah%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vfqY1-Jmv8I/UQOxvhRvPsI/AAAAAAAABEs/DvskPrLzMxg/s640/Abu+Fatma+01+%2528H.+Zanoah%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iM-NtuqFlpg/USDOv7HjFGI/AAAAAAAACNo/qOivRMq5L2E/s1600/Abu+Fatma+04+air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iM-NtuqFlpg/USDOv7HjFGI/AAAAAAAACNo/qOivRMq5L2E/s640/Abu+Fatma+04+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v83kmbtmEAQ/UQOwQgdc--I/AAAAAAAABEY/ymRuGMj8TV0/s1600/Abu+Fatma+02+%2528north%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v83kmbtmEAQ/UQOwQgdc--I/AAAAAAAABEY/ymRuGMj8TV0/s640/Abu+Fatma+02+%2528north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XPICJZZmtyM/UQOwk1pi7KI/AAAAAAAABEg/Wjl9GWWDcyQ/s1600/Abu+Fatma+03+%2528east%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XPICJZZmtyM/UQOwk1pi7KI/AAAAAAAABEg/Wjl9GWWDcyQ/s640/Abu+Fatma+03+%2528east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. Khirbet Zanoah is located between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramat_Beit_Shemesh">Ramat Beit Shemesh</a> A and Route 3855, to the south of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanoah">Zanoah</a> moshav. Nearby is the high-voltage power line. A 400-meter path leads to the maqam from the main street of Ramat Beit Shemesh.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 29.07.12<br />
<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i><span style="text-align: justify;">: </span>31°43'07.7"N 35°00'06.2"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.718895,35.001755&spn=0.027525,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/129/mode/1up">SWP III 129</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/326/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 326 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 137</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/79/site/13088">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Abu ‘Ubayda</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ أبو عبيدة إبن الجراح</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אבו עוביידה</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">C. Clermont-Ganneau</a> described this tomb in such way: “<i>On the west side of the village, to the north of the church, there is another Mohammedan sanctuary, which also is greatly venerated. Here stands an ancient and very curious building, with cupolas and vaults. It is called simply Sheikh ‘Obeid. I have no doubt that this otherwise unknown Sheikh ‘Obeid is a sort of pendant to Mu‘adh ben Jabal, and that concealed under it lies the personality of another famous hero of the Mohammedan conquest, who also fell a victim to the Plague of ‘Amwas</i>” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre01cler#page/493/mode/1up">ARP I 493</a>).<br />
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C. Clermont-Ganneau confused the tomb of Abu ‘Ubayda with the maqam of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muadh_ibn_Jabal">Mu‘adh ben Jabal</a>, which is located nearby on the hill; we’ll revert to this maqam later (<a href="http://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/10-rebuild-maqams-and-modern-replicas.html">10. Rebuild Maqams and Modern replicas of Maqams</a>).</div>
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Photo of 1920s</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uH_UyNl5_vo/UQOy_cDK44I/AAAAAAAABGA/ut8exxkqaXQ/s1600/Abu+Ubayda+sheikh+1930.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uH_UyNl5_vo/UQOy_cDK44I/AAAAAAAABGA/ut8exxkqaXQ/s1600/Abu+Ubayda+sheikh+1930.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_ibn_al-Jarrah">Abu ‘Ubayda ‘Amr ibn al-Jarrah</a> was Muhammad’s companion, commanded the troops in Palestine and died of a terrible plague in Emmaus in 639. In Arabic this village was called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imwas">‘Imwas</a>. Abu ‘Ubayda was buried in the village cemetery, and the tomb replaced the Roman baths, the rooms of which are still well preserved. The antique foundation of a Muslim shrine was found during the excavation. Roman bath consisted of four interconnected rooms. It is difficult to determine where exactly the cenotaph used to stand since all Muslim decor was eliminated during the excavations.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5jjEifdChd0/UQO2TKOEspI/AAAAAAAABHY/CCzer1IlyIo/s1600/Abu+Ubayda+sheikh+02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5jjEifdChd0/UQO2TKOEspI/AAAAAAAABHY/CCzer1IlyIo/s640/Abu+Ubayda+sheikh+02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KljmPF0Aplg/UQOzwjzxMyI/AAAAAAAABGM/Tj80DJVbTi8/s1600/Abu+Ubayda+sheikh+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KljmPF0Aplg/UQOzwjzxMyI/AAAAAAAABGM/Tj80DJVbTi8/s640/Abu+Ubayda+sheikh+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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According to R. Davis, “<i>next to Shaykh ‘Ubayda was a big sidr tree, as old as ‘Imwas. Under its shade the village elders would sit chatting in the evenings and playing seeja [mancala, a board game]</i>” (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=wlKjZwMwz0wC&pg=PP1&pg=PA167#v=onepage&q=&f=false">2011, 167</a>).</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mRYjfDdTPoU/USDPd-dyCTI/AAAAAAAACNw/Or8Kx-muHqA/s1600/Abu+Ubayda+sheikh+air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mRYjfDdTPoU/USDPd-dyCTI/AAAAAAAACNw/Or8Kx-muHqA/s640/Abu+Ubayda+sheikh+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam is situated in the Ayalon Park (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_Park">Canada Park</a>) and stands behind the famous Byzantine church in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmaus">Emmaus</a>. This place is featured in guidebooks as “Roman Bath”.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 07.10.11<br />
<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i><span style="text-align: justify;">: </span>31°50'22.6"N 34°59'23.9"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.839795,34.990597&spn=0.015239,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre01cler#page/493/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP I 493</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/328/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 328 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=wlKjZwMwz0wC&pg=PP1&pg=PA167#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Davis 2011, 167</a></div>
Wikipedia: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imwas">Imwas</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Ahmad al-Misyad</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ أحمد المصيد</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אחמד אל-מסיד</b></div>
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One kilometer away from moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agur,_Israel">Agur</a>, if you drive along Road 353 towards <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzit">Luzit</a>, on the left side of the road there is a tomb of sheikh Ahmad al-Misyad not visible through the trees. In his time <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> called this building: “<i>Oualy dédié à Neby Mesied</i>” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/104/mode/1up">Judee II 104</a>), thinking that it was dedicated to a prophet. That sheikh Ahmad al-Misyad is buried here we learned from studying <a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn1319394">British maps of Palestine</a>. In Arabic this place is called Khirbet Sufiya.</div>
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The structure is quite small, dimensions being 6.4 x 6.1 x 3.1 m. The entrance is on the west side, the east wall has a wide arch. This maqam this has a number of specific features. The burial chamber is located under the floor, there is a separate entrance (more like a manhole) to it outside the tomb. There is a lintel on this manhole, where remained an Arabic inscription. Of all the maqams that we have examined this was the only one with such an underground burial chamber. It might have been a pit or a small cave where the saint had been buried. Another feature is that to the right of the entrance to the tomb there is a stone ring attached to the western wall.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kEPjn6Fk5_I/UQ2LJlQ5JCI/AAAAAAAAB8I/Htx05iCHPys/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+01.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kEPjn6Fk5_I/UQ2LJlQ5JCI/AAAAAAAAB8I/Htx05iCHPys/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+01.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5NeGoUg66uE/USDl-KnMEAI/AAAAAAAACRs/DfC-8HAum44/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5NeGoUg66uE/USDl-KnMEAI/AAAAAAAACRs/DfC-8HAum44/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XtrEoP2ZBXM/UQPANDc4GWI/AAAAAAAABIE/Q9JHmlX73-U/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+02+%2528west%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XtrEoP2ZBXM/UQPANDc4GWI/AAAAAAAABIE/Q9JHmlX73-U/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+02+%2528west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lY4RYtA3hPM/UQPAT-ZM52I/AAAAAAAABIQ/LbPmN9xoO-g/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+03++north%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lY4RYtA3hPM/UQPAT-ZM52I/AAAAAAAABIQ/LbPmN9xoO-g/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+03++north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1ZVZ644KPuY/UQPAWH7z1zI/AAAAAAAABIc/iUXCM8qOHlE/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+04+%2528+east%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1ZVZ644KPuY/UQPAWH7z1zI/AAAAAAAABIc/iUXCM8qOHlE/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+04+%2528+east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ozk4LvHLmow/UQPAdIoO43I/AAAAAAAABIk/S3qPRpHNzKU/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+05+%2528south%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ozk4LvHLmow/UQPAdIoO43I/AAAAAAAABIk/S3qPRpHNzKU/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+05+%2528south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Manhole in the south wall and an Arabic inscription on the lintel</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K99K9YErRb4/UQPETdFmAsI/AAAAAAAABKA/ijjZNCCePpo/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+06+%2528lintel%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K99K9YErRb4/UQPETdFmAsI/AAAAAAAABKA/ijjZNCCePpo/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+06+%2528lintel%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Stone ring</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ut3hA3FWijQ/UQPA0N7mDeI/AAAAAAAABJE/2ABHmEl-qTg/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+11+%2528circle%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ut3hA3FWijQ/UQPA0N7mDeI/AAAAAAAABJE/2ABHmEl-qTg/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+11+%2528circle%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Entrance to the maqam (inside view)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hlFNwoItpCI/UQPAsUdpjiI/AAAAAAAABI8/bYNzeregFpc/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+09+%2528entrance%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hlFNwoItpCI/UQPAsUdpjiI/AAAAAAAABI8/bYNzeregFpc/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+09+%2528entrance%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--KZlx0-213o/UQPAlfJOaWI/AAAAAAAABIs/EJ3oZUg94g4/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+08+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--KZlx0-213o/UQPAlfJOaWI/AAAAAAAABIs/EJ3oZUg94g4/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+08+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The burial chamber</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Bvl5nF6_fjs/UQPA4kvt4yI/AAAAAAAABJM/WE84IqRVxVM/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+12+%2528cenotaph%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Bvl5nF6_fjs/UQPA4kvt4yI/AAAAAAAABJM/WE84IqRVxVM/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+12+%2528cenotaph%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the burial chamber</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ho9lgfbidbc/UQPA7xsm7cI/AAAAAAAABJU/AFYUKb4ljt8/s1600/Ahmad+el-Misyad+13+%2528cenotaph%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ho9lgfbidbc/UQPA7xsm7cI/AAAAAAAABJU/AFYUKb4ljt8/s640/Ahmad+el-Misyad+13+%2528cenotaph%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Fragment of the British map 1945</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kG-OerTlzb4/VSkDSyOUfdI/AAAAAAAADVU/jvJGVBBCyXk/s1600/135b%2BAjjur.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="406" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kG-OerTlzb4/VSkDSyOUfdI/AAAAAAAADVU/jvJGVBBCyXk/s1600/135b%2BAjjur.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Travelers and lovers of antiquities, beware: do not try to approach the maqam. Approaches to it are surrounded by sharp stones among thorny bushes, and in the maqam itself there is a hornets' nest on the ceiling. Wasps sting terribly those who enter.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 31.07.12<br />
<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i><span style="text-align: justify;">: </span>31°41'11.8"N 34°54'42.9"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.686856,34.911611&spn=0.01426,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/104/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 104</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Ali ad-Dawayimi</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ علي الدوايمي</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' עלי</b></div>
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Quite a monumental building crowns Giv'at Gad. It was the main cult object for the whole Muslim neighborhood. The number of pilgrims coming here didn’t run low. At first, in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate">Abbasid period</a>, a maqam was built – a regular cube with sides 7.15 x 7.15 m and height of 5m with rich decorations inside. Here stood the cenotaph (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 281</a>), which has not survived to our day. During the Mamluk period three rooms were added to the maqam, but their purpose is not completely clear. For convenience, let’s call them rooms B, C (on the north side of the maqam) and D (the west side). Room B with two entrances is an ante-room which leads to the sheikh’s tomb (A) and to the room C. Room D, heavily damaged, has a separate entrance. Near the maqam there is a quite capacious cistern.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lFEHVvE3AQE/UQPKabsotQI/AAAAAAAABLE/0_8vwV1BV_Y/s1600/Ali+sheikh+01+%2528Givat+Gad%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lFEHVvE3AQE/UQPKabsotQI/AAAAAAAABLE/0_8vwV1BV_Y/s640/Ali+sheikh+01+%2528Givat+Gad%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hZxZeLB0d6g/WVAcc1_iE5I/AAAAAAAAGK4/6r0oGR-v7AAm6NDK4XwG6o2bNiHWRcTFACLcBGAs/s1600/Ali%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1194" height="409" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hZxZeLB0d6g/WVAcc1_iE5I/AAAAAAAAGK4/6r0oGR-v7AAm6NDK4XwG6o2bNiHWRcTFACLcBGAs/s640/Ali%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of the maqam (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fyMCOrHhNow/UQPLZyWPCPI/AAAAAAAABL4/3SyL7nFa47o/s1600/Ali+sheikh+13+%2528plan%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="371" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fyMCOrHhNow/UQPLZyWPCPI/AAAAAAAABL4/3SyL7nFa47o/s400/Ali+sheikh+13+%2528plan%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1993 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iX5bvJXQ4PQ/UQPLalhY2fI/AAAAAAAABMI/nEz2XdxhI_k/s1600/Ali+sheikh+1993.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iX5bvJXQ4PQ/UQPLalhY2fI/AAAAAAAABMI/nEz2XdxhI_k/s640/Ali+sheikh+1993.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi">W. Khalidi</a>, “<i>This shrine had a large courtyard, a number of rooms, and one large hall for prayers, and was surrounded by fig and carob trees and cactuses. It attracted visitors from neighboring villages</i>” (1992, 213).</div>
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Muslims developed the custom of painting maqams’ domes green quite recently. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> said that the tomb of sheikh ‘Ali was crowned by a white dome (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/258/mode/1up">SWP III 258</a>). Remains of white plaster are still visible on it.
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VOqM5XXKlRg/UQPJpRoRJDI/AAAAAAAABK0/nIBmX4jidWI/s1600/Ali+sheikh+02+%2528east%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VOqM5XXKlRg/UQPJpRoRJDI/AAAAAAAABK0/nIBmX4jidWI/s640/Ali+sheikh+02+%2528east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XrtHzYjpUFs/UQPJV3siG7I/AAAAAAAABKs/ESMGgqa-RVY/s1600/Ali+sheikh+03+%2528north%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XrtHzYjpUFs/UQPJV3siG7I/AAAAAAAABKs/ESMGgqa-RVY/s640/Ali+sheikh+03+%2528north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eiy04BWMbEM/UQPKgaBMXSI/AAAAAAAABLM/AKkiL7FmcNU/s1600/Ali+sheikh+04+%2528south%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eiy04BWMbEM/UQPKgaBMXSI/AAAAAAAABLM/AKkiL7FmcNU/s640/Ali+sheikh+04+%2528south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-74NQSCFnydU/UQPJvm2lUnI/AAAAAAAABK8/5BCUxkiXTYU/s1600/Ali+sheikh+05+%2528west%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-74NQSCFnydU/UQPJvm2lUnI/AAAAAAAABK8/5BCUxkiXTYU/s640/Ali+sheikh+05+%2528west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Sheikh ‘Ali was born in a wealthy Moroccan family that settled in the Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dawayima">ad-Dawayima</a>. The remains of it lie to the east of the maqam, 3 km away, near the modern Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatzia,_Israel">Amatzia</a>. Since the tomb dates back to the Abbasid period, and sheikh ‘Ali lived in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>, it is likely that the original maqam was dedicated to someone else.</div>
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Entrance to the sheikh’s tomb (A)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kPcEQ1S0e_E/UQPK5rkJzWI/AAAAAAAABLk/BsRpRm_xKbM/s1600/Ali+sheikh+07+%2528entrance%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kPcEQ1S0e_E/UQPK5rkJzWI/AAAAAAAABLk/BsRpRm_xKbM/s640/Ali+sheikh+07+%2528entrance%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rwKYKLWOuEA/UQPhiGlWu9I/AAAAAAAABPE/LJ_gvSJHDZw/s1600/Ali+sheikh+09+%28mihrab%29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rwKYKLWOuEA/UQPhiGlWu9I/AAAAAAAABPE/LJ_gvSJHDZw/s640/Ali+sheikh+09+(mihrab).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The reservoir</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o9pshl3eEIM/UQPLZx7BuHI/AAAAAAAABL8/bfbaMTfasSA/s1600/Ali+sheikh+12+%2528reservoir%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o9pshl3eEIM/UQPLZx7BuHI/AAAAAAAABL8/bfbaMTfasSA/s640/Ali+sheikh+12+%2528reservoir%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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As the top of the hill where the tomb of sheikh ‘Ali is situated, was chosen by Amatzia residents as a place for recreation and picnics (a number of tables with benches is placed there), the maqam and the reservoir are in a good condition. The Israeli prevent further destruction of the Muslim monument considering it an important landmark. The maqam of sheikh ‘Ali is one of the few abandoned Muslim shrines, which the Israelis somehow take care of.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2mFJhWxnoik/WVAymtx-1WI/AAAAAAAAGLc/vFvph6atYvgCofLzUCMiNtjyA9dED32xACLcBGAs/s1600/Ali%2Bsheikh%2B14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2mFJhWxnoik/WVAymtx-1WI/AAAAAAAAGLc/vFvph6atYvgCofLzUCMiNtjyA9dED32xACLcBGAs/s640/Ali%2Bsheikh%2B14.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> From the Lachish junction drive along Road 3415, a kilometer short of Amatzia take the right turn in the direction of Giv'at Gad.</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-amaUu4bozBA/WVAq7HBJJII/AAAAAAAAGLI/hd1DvXaOx0gW7M5JBM37ROrYcKyq_hpDgCLcBGAs/s1600/Ali%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1194" height="410" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-amaUu4bozBA/WVAq7HBJJII/AAAAAAAAGLI/hd1DvXaOx0gW7M5JBM37ROrYcKyq_hpDgCLcBGAs/s640/Ali%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 06.08.12<br />
<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i><span style="text-align: justify;">: </span>31°32'09.9"N 34°53'13.4"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.536152,34.886999&spn=0.027579,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/258/mode/1up">SWP III 258</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/378/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 378 (Sheet XX)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 138</a>; Khalidi 1992, 213; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 280–281</a><br />
<a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/64/site/10727">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%93">Giv'at Gad Reserve</a>
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<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Ali </b><b>a</b><b>l-Jedira</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ علي</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' עלי</b><br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> who visited Khirbet al-Jedira in May 1875 did not notice any Muslim sanctuary, though he mentioned a destroyed tower, rock cistern and three storages with round arches (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/116/mode/1up">SWP, III 116</a>). With such a detailed description it is difficult to imagine that the researcher did not distinguish quite a big shrine... if it was there at all at that time. The Maqam of sheikh ‘Ali on Khirbet appears on PEF map (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231670708/view">Sheet XVII</a>) and on Palmer's map (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/327/mode/1up">1881, 327</a>). Obviously, it was built between 1875 and 1881.</div>
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In fact, according to the blockwork, the maqam can be dated with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>. Probably it was a little mosque.<br />
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View from the north </div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qmUFO73nMXs/W6uNhPQm-AI/AAAAAAAAGSE/-r2SCnpSjAUq6Rdf8FRhMBPtHxi3GTblQCLcBGAs/s1600/Ali%2Bel-Jedira%2B01%2Bnorth-west.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qmUFO73nMXs/W6uNhPQm-AI/AAAAAAAAGSE/-r2SCnpSjAUq6Rdf8FRhMBPtHxi3GTblQCLcBGAs/s640/Ali%2Bel-Jedira%2B01%2Bnorth-west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In 1908 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister">R. Macalister</a> described this shrine as follows, “<i>The wely of Sheikh ‘Ali el-Jedireh stands to the north of the ruin, and close to the cistern just described. This shrine is partly ruined, but is an object of devotion, and (as is often the case) firewood and other property is stored there under the sheikh's protection. There is here a pile of timber which is used from year to year by the harvesters, to construct booths for themselves in the fields. Between harvests it is left in the wely, and is perfectly safe from theft. Besides these objects left in trust, there are a number of the usual votive deposits, rags, trinkets, bits of candle, and such-like odds and ends. A fine olive-tree grows inside the enclosure. The building is roofed with a simple barrel vault, in the centre of which rises a low dome. It is not square, as welys usually are, but long and narrow: what is remarkable is, that the long axis lies east and west; that is, at right angles to the orthodox direction of the kiblah. I suspect that it was part of a house belonging to the old settlement, afterwards adapted as a resting-place for the saint</i>” (Quarterly statement, XL 259).</div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f6pw-Arvuqw/W6uNhMIswZI/AAAAAAAAGSY/6bZAW9uRN64lmkzY5cliYBiJ3ujVdEQVgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Ali%2Bel-Jedira%2B02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f6pw-Arvuqw/W6uNhMIswZI/AAAAAAAAGSY/6bZAW9uRN64lmkzY5cliYBiJ3ujVdEQVgCEwYBhgL/s640/Ali%2Bel-Jedira%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JNeU6LWwPjY/W6uNhbuiiBI/AAAAAAAAGSU/aHMhiLrbl0EqFB13VTyjMvupnd4UIbxrgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Ali%2Bel-Jedira%2B03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JNeU6LWwPjY/W6uNhbuiiBI/AAAAAAAAGSU/aHMhiLrbl0EqFB13VTyjMvupnd4UIbxrgCEwYBhgL/s640/Ali%2Bel-Jedira%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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It's interesting to know that in the beginning of 20th century this sanctuary was partly destroyed and thought of as an old one. Only the south wall and the mihrab have been saved by present time. The size of the building is 12 x 5 m. The highest south-western corner of the wall is 3.20 m. Inside there is a part of the arched bay in the south-eastern corner. The same bays obviously were in every corner of the building. There is no olive tree inside. There are only bushes on the ruins.</div>
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A. Petersen visited this shrine twice, in 1992 and in 1996, and each time he thought that he was on Khirbet as-Safar (or as-Safra), which is located 1 km to the south-east from Khirbet al-Jedira. Anyway, there is no doubt that Petersen made photos and descriptions of the maqam of sheikh ‘Ali al-Jedira, “<i>The building is largely ruined and only the south wall survives to its original height (approximately 3 m) although. The out lines of the other walls can be discerned (all the walls are approximately 0.5 m wide). The south wall is nearly 12 m long… The prayer hall was approximately 4 m wide with a doorway in the middle of the north wall, opposite the mihrab</i><span style="text-align: justify;">”</span> (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 268</a>). And this is not the only inaccurate location in the respective Oxford edition.</div>
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The arched bay in the south-eastern corner</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MmExAcGz_8k/W6uNlsjWcLI/AAAAAAAAGSc/FFW-cuQ2acYhKcEWDUP-e_kHTPVWl-OXgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Ali%2Bel-Jedira%2B04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MmExAcGz_8k/W6uNlsjWcLI/AAAAAAAAGSc/FFW-cuQ2acYhKcEWDUP-e_kHTPVWl-OXgCEwYBhgL/s640/Ali%2Bel-Jedira%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam is located 200 m south from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_3_(Israel)">Highway 3</a>, near the junction Nahshon, beside the asphalt road. But you can reach the maqam only through kibbutz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahshon,_Israel">Nahshon</a> when you drive down from the junction the to read leading to the kibbutz.</div>
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<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i><span style="text-align: justify;">: </span>31°49'41.4"N 34°57'39.2"E<br />
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.828171,%2034.960896&spn=0.027579,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/116/mode/1up">SWP, III 116</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/327/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 327 (Sheet XVII)</a>; Quarterly statement, XL 259; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 268</a>; NIG 2001, X 71</div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Muhammad al-Jezari</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ محمد الجزاري</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' מוחמד אל-ג'זארי</b></div>
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An observation point is arranged on the roof of the tomb of sheikh Muhammad for tourists visiting <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezer">Tel Gezer</a>. Next to the stairs, which lead to the roof of the Muslim shrine, there is a plate that says: “<i>This structure is a remnant of a sheikh's tomb, apparently built before the year 1600 BC. It is believed to be the tomb of Sheikh Mohammed al-Jazarli (sic!), in whose name the ancient word Gezer is preserved. This tomb was sacred to the inhabitants of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Shusha">Abu Shusha</a>, a small village that was located on the southwestern side of the tell</i>.”</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-r0vLr_QoOzk/UQPMv2Z4xxI/AAAAAAAABNE/7BS9s9-Lcxk/s1600/Muhammad+el-Jezari+02+%2528south%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-r0vLr_QoOzk/UQPMv2Z4xxI/AAAAAAAABNE/7BS9s9-Lcxk/s640/Muhammad+el-Jezari+02+%2528south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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Map of the <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/n485/mode/1up">SWP II 428</a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fxxvVR9Wkho/UQPMDPBBSoI/AAAAAAAABMc/XNfEKPmwE9g/s1600/Muhammad+el-Jezari+%2528SWP%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fxxvVR9Wkho/UQPMDPBBSoI/AAAAAAAABMc/XNfEKPmwE9g/s640/Muhammad+el-Jezari+%2528SWP%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FhxvuMy0exo/USDQPRA-UiI/AAAAAAAACN4/qXRTQ7x0B6k/s1600/Muhammad+el-Jezari+10+air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="546" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FhxvuMy0exo/USDQPRA-UiI/AAAAAAAACN4/qXRTQ7x0B6k/s640/Muhammad+el-Jezari+10+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3kMm8KtZY7s/Vqmt2QNOsZI/AAAAAAAAF9E/JAOFPSE1Xnw/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Jezari%2Bair%2B1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="408" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3kMm8KtZY7s/Vqmt2QNOsZI/AAAAAAAAF9E/JAOFPSE1Xnw/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Jezari%2Bair%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1905 (from the book by R. Macalister)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PHYlFrXAsWk/UQPM3kbyf7I/AAAAAAAABNU/OJjxed06WYM/s1600/Muhammad+el-Jezari+1905.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="503" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PHYlFrXAsWk/UQPM3kbyf7I/AAAAAAAABNU/OJjxed06WYM/s640/Muhammad+el-Jezari+1905.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister">R. Macalister</a>, who excavated Tel Gezer in the early 20th century, described this tomb: “<i>They are perpetuated in the dome-crowned shrines which still stand on the highest hill-tops of Palestine. Probably there is not a landscape in the country which does not include such a sanctuary; a little plain square stone building, the chief interest of which centres in a tomb, as did that of its ancient Canaanite predecessor. Under the strange but thin disguise of a Muslim sheikh some ancient Canaanite spirit of fertility is here still worshipped. A mihrab or prayer niche points the way to Mecca, and the true believer, as he prostrates himself before it, still turns himself toward the ancient pagan fetish, the Black Stone, which has survived the Prophet's assault on the faith of his fathers, and still almost insolently dominates the new faith which he founded</i>” (<a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?view=1up;size=100;id=mdp.39015026994643;q1=root;seq=333;orient=0;num=273">1925, 273</a>).<br />
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Actually, there is little left of the maqam (7.5 x 5.0 m) itself. The dome of the shrine is dismantled, and the tomb is covered with soil. A large arched entrance on the west side once led to the burial room. As we can judge by this entrance, the floor of the room is at a depth of at least 1 meter from the present surface. In his time <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> described the maqam of sheikh Muhammad al-Jezari as “<i>a modern building surrounded by a small graveyard</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/432/mode/1up">SWP II 432</a>). This message obviously contradicts the date of the maqam construction, presented on the plate for the tourists. In 1902, the tomb was already dilapidated. It’s written in the Quarterly statement: “<i>the village cemetery, and a small half-ruined wely or shrine of the local saint</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme07pale#page/n85/mode/1up">XXXIV 231</a>). The cemetery, which once surrounded the tomb, was completely destroyed in the course of archaeological excavations. Nothing remained of the sacred tree that grew in front of the tomb.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OXZ5kcN3yIw/UQPMMbTAkeI/AAAAAAAABMs/etM9mk3lgZY/s1600/Muhammad+el-Jezari+04+%2528horth%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OXZ5kcN3yIw/UQPMMbTAkeI/AAAAAAAABMs/etM9mk3lgZY/s640/Muhammad+el-Jezari+04+%2528horth%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iTfv2hiI0pg/UQPMD5_ZAnI/AAAAAAAABMk/VcQiPCaU61w/s1600/Muhammad+el-Jezari+03+%2528west%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iTfv2hiI0pg/UQPMD5_ZAnI/AAAAAAAABMk/VcQiPCaU61w/s640/Muhammad+el-Jezari+03+%2528west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-g1w2U2wJR7k/UQPMbd666KI/AAAAAAAABM0/ZtTT0nD0C_s/s1600/Muhammad+el-Jezari+05+%2528east%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-g1w2U2wJR7k/UQPMbd666KI/AAAAAAAABM0/ZtTT0nD0C_s/s640/Muhammad+el-Jezari+05+%2528east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west. Entrance to the maqam</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zdf-p4yVCt0/UQPMmVun8JI/AAAAAAAABM8/1EeRIgPeTV4/s1600/Muhammad+el-Jezari+07+%2528west%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zdf-p4yVCt0/UQPMmVun8JI/AAAAAAAABM8/1EeRIgPeTV4/s640/Muhammad+el-Jezari+07+%2528west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mapBqv7Ve70/UQPM2WK4jwI/AAAAAAAABNM/mdoHTbfBDKo/s1600/Muhammad+el-Jezari+08+%2528entrance%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mapBqv7Ve70/UQPM2WK4jwI/AAAAAAAABNM/mdoHTbfBDKo/s640/Muhammad+el-Jezari+08+%2528entrance%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 10.10.11<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°51'35.6"N 34°55'10.3"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.85917,34.918242&spn=0.013742,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.blogger.com/://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/n485/mode/1up">SWP II 428</a>, <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/432/mode/1up">432</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/273/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 273 (Sheet XVI)</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/palestineetsyri00baedgoog#page/n172/mode/1up">Baedeker 1882, 145</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/holylandbible01geikuoft#page/66/mode/1up">Geikie 1888, I 66</a>; <a href="http://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01004956239#?page=103">Guide to the Holy Land 1888, 103</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme03pale#page/40/mode/1up">Quarterly statement IV 40</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme07pale#page/n85/mode/1up">Quarterly statement VII 74</a>; <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?view=1up;size=100;id=mdp.39015026994643;q1=root;seq=333;orient=0;num=273">Macalister 1925, 273</a>; NIG 2001, X 139; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A8">Tel Gezer Park</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh as-Salihi</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ الصالحي</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אל-סליחי</b></div>
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In Picturesque Palestine (1881–1884) there is a drawing of Wady as-Sunt or the Valley of Elah (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales03wilsuoft#page/157/mode/1up">Wilson III 157</a>). In the foreground we can see the hill on the top of which a maqam stands. Perhaps this is the tomb of sheikh as-Salihi, that has remained to the present day. As-Salihi was a person in attendance of Sultan Salah ad-Din (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin">Saladin</a>).<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_565gRtwF_M/UQP5ERb-MfI/AAAAAAAABQc/DVL7nwm5Ux4/s1600/Valley+of+Elah+%2528Wilson%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="342" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_565gRtwF_M/UQP5ERb-MfI/AAAAAAAABQc/DVL7nwm5Ux4/s640/Valley+of+Elah+%2528Wilson%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam has a classic shape: square structure with a dome. The massive walls are wider than 1m. The entrance is on the north side. A cenotaph didn't survive. A <i>mihrab</i> of 0.50 m deep in the south wall has an arched vault. The upper part of the mihrab masonry crumbled away slightly, causing a small hole being formed in the wall.<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9iEhaNf-r58/USDQnZKRofI/AAAAAAAACOA/z6xeaKgchqo/s1600/Salihi+sheikh+12+air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9iEhaNf-r58/USDQnZKRofI/AAAAAAAACOA/z6xeaKgchqo/s640/Salihi+sheikh+12+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I35jdRDBB5w/UQP4ZcHQByI/AAAAAAAABP0/_au-dUqOIA8/s1600/Salihi+sheikh+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I35jdRDBB5w/UQP4ZcHQByI/AAAAAAAABP0/_au-dUqOIA8/s640/Salihi+sheikh+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from north-west</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZFgjz32z4pA/UQP4cFdAeFI/AAAAAAAABP8/f7ED7XCyhww/s1600/Salihi+sheikh+02+%28north-west%29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZFgjz32z4pA/UQP4cFdAeFI/AAAAAAAABP8/f7ED7XCyhww/s640/Salihi+sheikh+02+(north-west).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mhiH4wtbVUA/W32SJCijCoI/AAAAAAAAGNE/dOwrYMTwKZA_LNE9yjaXxAT_PWU3svOFgCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5374.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mhiH4wtbVUA/W32SJCijCoI/AAAAAAAAGNE/dOwrYMTwKZA_LNE9yjaXxAT_PWU3svOFgCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_5374.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7EjxmyfzBcg/UQP40C2a7GI/AAAAAAAABQU/ipsxPMq2IYg/s1600/Salihi+sheikh+10+%2528south%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7EjxmyfzBcg/UQP40C2a7GI/AAAAAAAABQU/ipsxPMq2IYg/s640/Salihi+sheikh+10+%2528south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ao0qL2ygUTc/W32TLTAkdBI/AAAAAAAAGNM/0_rCtdWkOX4mIQ8RaTdoHc25zOL-9UU8gCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5379.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ao0qL2ygUTc/W32TLTAkdBI/AAAAAAAAGNM/0_rCtdWkOX4mIQ8RaTdoHc25zOL-9UU8gCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_5379.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Video of 2018</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzrxv3KVQlQQmpvHJTKH5hPXmqmoNb5oqowCwCfxlFyCzWsMl2fDhmhhKOHrr0d-C7WaVlEPWr0TmO_0wywCA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Route.</i> Along Road 375, between junctions Adullam and ha-'Ela. From the parking lot between the hills towards the tomb as-Salihi leads the road 4x4.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 15.08.18</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°40'58.4"N 34°57'59.0"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.682821,34.96635&spn=0.02885,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22097/22097-h/22097-h.htm#page153">Finn 1868, 153</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/328/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 328 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales03wilsuoft#page/157/mode/1up">Wilson III 157</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 140</a></div>
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<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.68293,34.9664421,3a,75y,15.4h,73.21t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPHKobU35aOBinmSjBJBJyIPqxWOkNcQvcSlCt2!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPHKobU35aOBinmSjBJBJyIPqxWOkNcQvcSlCt2%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya188.16154-ro-0-fo100!7i2508!8i1254">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh ash-Shannawi</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ الشنّاوي</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' שנוואני</b><br />
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The tomb of sheikh ash-Shannawi, i.g. holy Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Shanna">Beit Shanna</a> is not mentioned by the explorers of the 19th century. Firstly it is marked on the British maps of Palestine. Probably, this tomb was built in the early 19th century. It is located on Khirbet Beit Shanna, southwards from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modi%27in-Maccabim-Re%27ut">Modi'in</a>.<br />
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Though the maqam is relatively new, the structure is quite ancient. The fragments of columns in the wall show that. The Muslim shrine might be built on the place of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine</a> chapel.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ra6t9pI-xQM/W8dOrf-5n9I/AAAAAAAAGss/iMSmUupy4l0KDZQK2hBF2O8O7sRJmgc9gCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_3033.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ra6t9pI-xQM/W8dOrf-5n9I/AAAAAAAAGss/iMSmUupy4l0KDZQK2hBF2O8O7sRJmgc9gCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_3033.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1990 (from the book by W. Khalidi)</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v8g5zUP2aVE/W8dOKaKe7vI/AAAAAAAAGsk/4xwOfDG7xLEE7ihk58R9Wdw5sPGnmMFAQCLcBGAs/s1600/Shannawi%2Bsh%2B1990.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1188" data-original-width="1236" height="614" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v8g5zUP2aVE/W8dOKaKe7vI/AAAAAAAAGsk/4xwOfDG7xLEE7ihk58R9Wdw5sPGnmMFAQCLcBGAs/s640/Shannawi%2Bsh%2B1990.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Some time ago chairs, cutlery, sleeping accessorizes appeared in the tomb. A folded staircase stands in the <i>mihrab</i>, Jewish religious literature is on the shelf.<br />
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It is not clear whether it was an attempt to Judaize the Muslim shrine. Can it repeat the destiny of the tomb of Nabi Sheman which became the tomb of Simeon, the son of Jacob, and the maqam of sheikh al-Gharbawi which turned to be the tomb of Mattathias Hasmonean? (See Chapter <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2012/12/12-maqams-that-were-judaized.html">12. Maqams that were Judaized</a>)<br />
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g1egeSjEl6E/W8dh1uaVIxI/AAAAAAAAGs8/CLjxMFiSJsMQfPgmyY_4VRu5T6xK4BpXgCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_3031.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g1egeSjEl6E/W8dh1uaVIxI/AAAAAAAAGs8/CLjxMFiSJsMQfPgmyY_4VRu5T6xK4BpXgCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_3031.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The fragments of columns in the wall</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PmSPX44uid8/W8dh0PbJ0NI/AAAAAAAAGs4/KwUDvvN1x1Ut3YOaGtuIwqXw7_QBPtxtgCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_3027.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PmSPX44uid8/W8dh0PbJ0NI/AAAAAAAAGs4/KwUDvvN1x1Ut3YOaGtuIwqXw7_QBPtxtgCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_3027.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. Now the maqam is not easy to find, as it is almost hidden in mastic trees. You can reach the tomb via a track road, going from the Highway along <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modi%27in-Maccabim-Re%27ut">Modi'in</a>. You should climb 300 m up the hill to reach the structure.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 06.08.18</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°52'44.9"N 34°59'12.9"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.879134,%2034.986912&spn=0.02885,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Suleiman</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ سليمان</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' סולימן</b><br />
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“<i>The wely of sheikh Suleiman is located amidst huge quite old ruins</i>”, tells Saulcy (<a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5780474k/f75.item.r">1867, 68</a>). In old times the road from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffa">Jaffa</a> to Jerusalem laid a bit south-eastwards from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_1_(Israel)">Highway 1</a>, through al-Qubab, similar to current Route 424. But the white dome of the tomb of sheikh Suleiman was observable even from there. “<i>On the left there are the remains of a Roman road and one more wely or santon – sheikh Suleiman on Kafr Tab</i>”, adds Le Guide (1877, 277).</div>
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The shrine was has been looked after by the resident of Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qubab">al-Qubab</a> until 1948. The destruction of the sanctuary started obviously after July 1948, when the Israeli took control over this territory. In 2006 Israeli archeologists proceeded excavations on Hurvat Kfar Tov looking for Jewish antiquities, and the Muslim shrine being destroyed was not the matter of their interest. </div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OhfXE1UKAaA/W8Z7vcoJ28I/AAAAAAAAGrw/MuNzuBfNuC8gKs2F0IZjCemXZDXXFvLQQCLcBGAs/s1600/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OhfXE1UKAaA/W8Z7vcoJ28I/AAAAAAAAGrw/MuNzuBfNuC8gKs2F0IZjCemXZDXXFvLQQCLcBGAs/s640/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A small walled yard. View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HwrGbStFQ4E/W8Z7ev6PYKI/AAAAAAAAGro/BTzPKi4pkw0FWe14KJh882UwXb0afsxqACLcBGAs/s1600/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HwrGbStFQ4E/W8Z7ev6PYKI/AAAAAAAAGro/BTzPKi4pkw0FWe14KJh882UwXb0afsxqACLcBGAs/s640/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9Zd0NTKJ8VM/W8Z7oQI0faI/AAAAAAAAGrs/6M9j3ifM5xswfFhVh7IbvhOKb6QleOq1gCLcBGAs/s1600/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9Zd0NTKJ8VM/W8Z7oQI0faI/AAAAAAAAGrs/6M9j3ifM5xswfFhVh7IbvhOKb6QleOq1gCLcBGAs/s640/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now the maqam keeps being destroyed, its walls have been saved only by one fourth. But even these ruins make you understand how significant the former building was. The inner walls have the same arched design as we usually see in Palestinian maqams.</div>
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The size of the maqam is 7.40 x 7.40 m. Bad destructions of the south wall make it impossible to find a <i>mihrab</i>. Outside of the northern wall there adjoin stone steps, which were used to climb up the roof of the maqam.</div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fM6dvCEyrdk/W8Z820DvA3I/AAAAAAAAGsM/LXs2qqcogpAds4q80R9SQYcpWDNtblJeQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fM6dvCEyrdk/W8Z820DvA3I/AAAAAAAAGsM/LXs2qqcogpAds4q80R9SQYcpWDNtblJeQCEwYBhgL/s640/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior. South wall</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d_xjL_kTve4/W8Z88DP4rwI/AAAAAAAAGsQ/PvpZtVGQqhQirvytM4Q9nM-_zzXpidwFQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d_xjL_kTve4/W8Z88DP4rwI/AAAAAAAAGsQ/PvpZtVGQqhQirvytM4Q9nM-_zzXpidwFQCEwYBhgL/s640/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LbLg197_qIk/W8Z880XPAdI/AAAAAAAAGsU/zegx6rPfaacX63GLUCBoMC4lFCT5wZWLACEwYBhgL/s1600/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B06.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LbLg197_qIk/W8Z880XPAdI/AAAAAAAAGsU/zegx6rPfaacX63GLUCBoMC4lFCT5wZWLACEwYBhgL/s640/Suleiman%2Bsh%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A small walled yard borders to the west from the maqam. Its size is 7.50 x 10.60 m and in the northern part it a bit overcomes the border of the maqam. Visitors came into the yard through the gates in the south wall, and then through the doorway in the western wall on the maqam they reached the Burial chamber.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dynFQFp5nAaeys-x2k9UsFzZjSDvmZpdomg_ApI10t3YakFtSxAdH3RQmzzPnkES4pUzPqRxofdrz5Fx6thxA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam is located in 400 m from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_1_(Israel)">Highway 1</a>, on Hurvat Kfar Tov. You can reach it via a track road from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_431_(Israel)">Highway 431</a> through Industrial zone Merkaz Einav.</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h3ckZBrzGxk/W_otSRstbSI/AAAAAAAAHDI/tkAmcHk2lGcZ_dZbS0ueq6qgX1NkYHMxgCLcBGAs/s1600/Suleiman%2Bsh%2Bair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1088" data-original-width="1346" height="516" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h3ckZBrzGxk/W_otSRstbSI/AAAAAAAAHDI/tkAmcHk2lGcZ_dZbS0ueq6qgX1NkYHMxgCLcBGAs/s640/Suleiman%2Bsh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 06.08.18</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°52'46.8"N 34°57'30.2"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.879662,%2034.958389&spn=0.02885,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5780474k/f75.item.r">Saulcy 1867, 68</a>; <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5800781s/f288.item.r">Le Guide 1877, 277</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/328/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 328 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/palestineetsyri00baedgoog#page/n172/mode/1up">Baedeker 1882, 145</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/83/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II, 83</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/95/mode/1up">II, 95</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/482/mode/1up">II, 482</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Usheish (‘Abdallah)</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ عشيش</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' סולימן</b></div>
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On the map of Palestine Exploration Fund (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-rm1949">Sheet XX</a>) this maqam is called Sh. ‘Abdallah and is located on Khirbet Umm ‘Osheish; and on the <a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn1319394">British map of Palestine of 1941</a> this maqam is identified as Sh. ‘Usheish, located on Khirbet ‘Usheish. We can surmise that in fact sheikh’s name was ‘Abdallah [related to] Khirbet ‘Usheish (Umm ‘Osheish). Judging by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a>’s remark (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/287/mode/1up">SWP III 287</a>), in the 19th century Khirbet was already uninhabited; the maqam, however, apparently still was a functioning shrine. Some work in the maqam was carried out in the 20th century. Probably the shrine was kept in order by the Palestinian residents of the village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayr_Nakhkhas">Deir Nakhkhas</a>, which was situated at a distance of 1.3 kilometers to the west of Khirbet ‘Usheish on a Height 321.</div>
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Maqam on the maps of Palestine of 1879 and 1941</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-diFkfQODw8g/UTysg7lLnhI/AAAAAAAACc8/AEppEgB0uwc/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+maps.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-diFkfQODw8g/UTysg7lLnhI/AAAAAAAACc8/AEppEgB0uwc/s640/Usheish+sheikh+maps.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Khirbet ‘Usheish and the Maqam of sheikh ‘Abdallah do not appear in the works of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">T. Canaan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi">W. Khalidi</a>, A. Petersen and other researchers. Some modern Arab-Palestinian writers mentioned the tomb of sheikh of ‘Usheish in connection with the ruins of Deir Nakhkhas.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HMvFz3HuD0k/UQQCtn3ZIKI/AAAAAAAABSk/HYN-iwns9c0/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+01+%2528mount+Ezroa%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HMvFz3HuD0k/UQQCtn3ZIKI/AAAAAAAABSk/HYN-iwns9c0/s640/Usheish+sheikh+01+%2528mount+Ezroa%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ncvw57YkgfI/UQQAobZdlGI/AAAAAAAABRM/TL23Ed6mRgU/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+02+%2528mount+Ezroa%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ncvw57YkgfI/UQQAobZdlGI/AAAAAAAABRM/TL23Ed6mRgU/s640/Usheish+sheikh+02+%2528mount+Ezroa%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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It's a rather curious structure. The tomb of sheikh was once surrounded by a set of rooms; only ruins are left them now. However, the tomb itself (7.80 x 7.30 x 2.90 m) is in a relatively good condition. The entrance is on the north side. In front of the entrance there is the remnant of a large arch. On the left side of the entrance to the tomb there is a small protrusion from the wall with a recess at the top – probably for an oil lamp. Inside there are two cenotaphs (sheikh's wife might have been buried together with him), mihrab and a tiny window in the west wall. There is no graffiti. The entire complex leaves an impression of a once important religious object.</div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YPnYXfmnY0Q/UQQAo0ufeCI/AAAAAAAABRQ/6Y_5ylEmp7c/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+03+%2528east%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YPnYXfmnY0Q/UQQAo0ufeCI/AAAAAAAABRQ/6Y_5ylEmp7c/s640/Usheish+sheikh+03+%2528east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UwhYZu_KQ0E/UQQBYILp-qI/AAAAAAAABRs/FKnWcAqWy2o/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+04+%2528mount+Ezroa%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UwhYZu_KQ0E/UQQBYILp-qI/AAAAAAAABRs/FKnWcAqWy2o/s640/Usheish+sheikh+04+%2528mount+Ezroa%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N53Bpc86X8U/W32eymTH7RI/AAAAAAAAGNY/4o9XkkzliSY83E6DsZ_EJGb-XvkN-ozWQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5344.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N53Bpc86X8U/W32eymTH7RI/AAAAAAAAGNY/4o9XkkzliSY83E6DsZ_EJGb-XvkN-ozWQCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_5344.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BgaFGTds7Xw/UQQA9ZQo-QI/AAAAAAAABRk/IaLPtigoMxE/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+06+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BgaFGTds7Xw/UQQA9ZQo-QI/AAAAAAAABRk/IaLPtigoMxE/s640/Usheish+sheikh+06+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fFnzQpcHPnc/UQQDEG59lpI/AAAAAAAABTE/3IEuQlUFNog/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+17+%2528south-west%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fFnzQpcHPnc/UQQDEG59lpI/AAAAAAAABTE/3IEuQlUFNog/s640/Usheish+sheikh+17+%2528south-west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Small protrusion from the north wall</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-U-_kCjFPd7c/UQQBzSBKo3I/AAAAAAAABSM/vbT8U5ccf3Q/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+12+%2528mount+Ezroa%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-U-_kCjFPd7c/UQQBzSBKo3I/AAAAAAAABSM/vbT8U5ccf3Q/s640/Usheish+sheikh+12+%2528mount+Ezroa%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The remnant of a large arch</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qHmTeWc_j0A/UQQBtfM0iaI/AAAAAAAABSE/0JmREKw1dvA/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+11+%2528mount+Ezroa%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qHmTeWc_j0A/UQQBtfM0iaI/AAAAAAAABSE/0JmREKw1dvA/s640/Usheish+sheikh+11+%2528mount+Ezroa%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JWMpuxfUups/UQQBgnqhIKI/AAAAAAAABR0/EpnyPqBTXBc/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+09+%2528interior%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JWMpuxfUups/UQQBgnqhIKI/AAAAAAAABR0/EpnyPqBTXBc/s640/Usheish+sheikh+09+%2528interior%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Window in the west wall</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SFVIHL4zsEw/UQQBlfu91YI/AAAAAAAABR8/Z_npFRJoJXY/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+10+%2528interior%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SFVIHL4zsEw/UQQBlfu91YI/AAAAAAAABR8/Z_npFRJoJXY/s640/Usheish+sheikh+10+%2528interior%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of the maqam</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DI-J4KWKFKg/UQQC9tFjV9I/AAAAAAAABS0/nFxcZjs5p9k/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+18+%2528plan%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="306" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DI-J4KWKFKg/UQQC9tFjV9I/AAAAAAAABS0/nFxcZjs5p9k/s400/Usheish+sheikh+18+%2528plan%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. From the Guvrin road junction drive along <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_35_(Israel)">Highway 35</a>, 3 km short of the Tarqumia checkpoint take the right turn near the water tower to the road 4x4, leading to the peak of Ezro'a. The required maqam is situated on this peak.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mvkOVwTNid0/USAykATnicI/AAAAAAAACJw/Kn9sV0714Ww/s1600/Usheish+sheikh+16+air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mvkOVwTNid0/USAykATnicI/AAAAAAAACJw/Kn9sV0714Ww/s640/Usheish+sheikh+16+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Only one half of the Mount Ezro'a covered with trees – they were planted on the side that relates to Highway 35. Therefore the passing motorists don't see the maqam. The other side of the Mount Ezro'a is completely “bald”, and from this side the maqam of sheikh ‘Usheish can be seen from afar. But this side there has no passable roads.</div>
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Video of 2018</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzzlfbei0P_JRlQhbTNW6duCOSX0q2KSMj-Hju95Za78ERLlyhfeYyuQs6MhnyEJB2UdPGUR1vK7K0pLk99nQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 06.08.12; 15.08.18</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°36'39.1"N 34°56'00.6"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.610922,34.933519&spn=0.027557,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/287/mode/1up">SWP III 287</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/375/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 375</a>, <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/378/mode/1up">378 (Sheet XX)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 137</a> </div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Zeid</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ زيد</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' זיד</b></div>
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A dilapidated building in the former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Jiz">Beit Jiz</a> has every indication of a maqam: the structure is of almost cubic shape, small in size (5.24 x 4.85 x 3.20 m), with a typical dome. A low entrance, <i>mihrab</i> of one meter high and a tiny window in the east wall create even stronger impression of a burial place, a tomb. The state of the western part of the building (it’s badly damaged) and heaps of stone fragments make it impossible to ascertain whether a cenotaph used to stand in front of the <i>mihrab</i>. A. Petersen expressed such thought: “<i>There is no trace of a tomb or cenotaph although this could have been on the west side of the chamber which is now covered with collapsed rubble from the west wall (this may also account for the off-centre position of mihrab and doorway)</i>.” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 123</a>) Note, however, that Petersen gives the wrong dimensions of the maqam: 3.5 x 3.5 m.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JfKe3ATTtU4/UQREStrp__I/AAAAAAAABUI/2nYbCPvoZxo/s1600/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JfKe3ATTtU4/UQREStrp__I/AAAAAAAABUI/2nYbCPvoZxo/s640/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LAu5067WmsI/USDR5h9mOLI/AAAAAAAACOM/4E6WoEvwPog/s1600/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+06+air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LAu5067WmsI/USDR5h9mOLI/AAAAAAAACOM/4E6WoEvwPog/s640/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+06+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AWQvcLDfCjE/UQREXbADU_I/AAAAAAAABUQ/p7ddHaJQjp0/s1600/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+02+%2528west%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AWQvcLDfCjE/UQREXbADU_I/AAAAAAAABUQ/p7ddHaJQjp0/s640/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+02+%2528west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4jgK_nwQziI/UQRD92k50RI/AAAAAAAABT4/LCB-plVxE-Q/s1600/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+03+%2528east%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4jgK_nwQziI/UQRD92k50RI/AAAAAAAABT4/LCB-plVxE-Q/s640/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+03+%2528east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Entrance in the north side</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LpVAW2gzx0k/UQRcYdY9j2I/AAAAAAAABks/WCC5NeCxxEo/s1600/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LpVAW2gzx0k/UQRcYdY9j2I/AAAAAAAABks/WCC5NeCxxEo/s640/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+04.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dsw_QSlkbBM/UQREJSzFILI/AAAAAAAABUA/r4r7Mv_9kwM/s1600/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dsw_QSlkbBM/UQREJSzFILI/AAAAAAAABUA/r4r7Mv_9kwM/s640/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+03.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
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Plan of the maqam (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-je8iZTm7pjs/UQRdwbOFQPI/AAAAAAAABls/_rWhevYZDqg/s1600/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-je8iZTm7pjs/UQRdwbOFQPI/AAAAAAAABls/_rWhevYZDqg/s200/Beit+Jiz+sheikh+Zeid+05.jpg" width="188" /></a></div>
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Arab sources do not mention this object. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> definitely states the presence of the maqam in Beit Jiz (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/108/mode/1up">SWP III 108</a>). The maqam of sheikh Zeid is closely connected with Beit Jiz (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/329/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 329</a>). “<i>In either case</i>, – says M. Sharon – <i>the saint's name belongs to local legend and has no historical roots. Like other rural sanctuaries, the maqam is a square room with a simple dome, which can still be seen near the modern kibbutz Harel</i>.” (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q=&f=false">CIAP II 145</a>)</div>
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M. Sharon also says: “<i>The stone with an inscription was found accidentally near the maqam during construction work in the area between 1972–1973. It could have belonged to the sanctuary or brought to it at some later date. Whichever is the case, the inscription is the only evidence for the existence of Muslim activity in the site in the Islamic period». The inscription on the stone reads: «Basmalah. From what has been reconstructed during the term of office of the emir Sayf ad-Din Aqul by the hand of Baktimur the mamluk of ‘Alam ad-Din, (who is) the pulpit of benevolence and blessing. Reconstructed in the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah, the year 735 (=June-July 1334)</i>.”</div>
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<i>Route</i>. The former Arab village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Jiz">Beit Jiz</a> is situated on Derech Burma, but on its very unpresentable, impassable part. The easiest way to travel is from Harel kibbutz to the farm adjacent to Beit Jiz. Maqam is situated a few meters away from the fence surrounding the farm. But such route makes it impossible to approach the maqam. So you can try it another way. At first you should reach Mitzpe Harel. You can get there by turning to the paved road from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_44_(Israel)">Highway 44</a> between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%27oz">Ta'oz</a> moshav and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harel,_Israel">Harel</a> kibbutz and driving along it. From Mitzpe Harel follow the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_Road_(Israel)">Derech Burma</a> signs, and, after driving for about a kilometer along a rather bad road, you’ll come across the same farm; leave the car in front of an abandoned mansion and walk about 200 meters to the left (west) along the path until you reach the required maqam. This path also leaves much to be desired.</div>
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Those who'll dare to complete this difficult journey will be rewarded with the opportunity to explore the abandoned mansion, located to the east of the maqam and the farm. It was built by Palestinian Arabs, later others tried to rebuild it and adapt for some other purposes, but it did not work out. Splendid mansion is still abandoned. Israelis call it Beit ha-Kshatot (“House of the Arches”). Here are some pictures of it:</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Uc5lkbpeMRw/UQRIjq6LDFI/AAAAAAAABVU/2RL_rB7G-Ho/s1600/Beit+Jiz+02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Uc5lkbpeMRw/UQRIjq6LDFI/AAAAAAAABVU/2RL_rB7G-Ho/s640/Beit+Jiz+02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kJybhSkllwQ/UQRIcNZyNDI/AAAAAAAABVE/Wz7N0qSw_D8/s1600/Beit+Jiz+04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kJybhSkllwQ/UQRIcNZyNDI/AAAAAAAABVE/Wz7N0qSw_D8/s640/Beit+Jiz+04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 02.08.12
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°48'44.7"N 34°57'09.8"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.812794,34.953089&spn=0.013749,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/108/mode/1up">SWP III 108</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/329/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 329 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 140</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Sharon, CIAP II 145</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 123–124</a></div>
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<b>Maqam al-Hajj Salim</b></div>
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<b>مقام الحاج سالم</b></div>
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<b>קבר אל-חאג' סלים</b></div>
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Three out of four shrines of the former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin">Beit Jibrin</a> have been identified. These include Maqam nabi Jibrin (see Section 2 <a href="http://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/2-tombs-of-prophets.html">Tombs of the Prophets</a>), tomb of sheikh Tamim ad-Dari and tomb of sheikh Mas‘ud (see Section 10 <a href="http://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/10-rebuild-maqams-and-modern-replicas.html">Rebuild Maqams and Modern replicas of Maqams</a>). Another Muslim shrine is located on a hill, to the west of Beit Jibrin's ruins. It is surrounded by trees, high bush and is not visible from highway roads. It is not mentioned by researchers of 19–20th centuries. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi">W. Khalidi</a> considers this object as an unidentified shrine (1992, 211). Let's try to identify it. On the 1879 map of the Palestine Exploration Fund (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-rm1949">Sheet XX</a>) a Muslim object appears in this place: al-Hajj Salim. The same designation in a German variant – el-Haddsch Salim – we encounter on the 1918 Map of <a href="http://www.palaestina-verein.de/d/index.html">Deutschen Palästina Vereins</a> (HQ 78). It is clear that this name refers not to “Mukhtar’s house” and not to the "House of sisters" which are located on the same hill but which were built after 1918. The only object which in 1879 and in 1918 could have had this name is this shrine. A man who committed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj">pilgrimage to Mecca</a> has the title al-Hajj[i] (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/367/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 367 (Sheet XX)</a>).</div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YD0Xo9OAG1k/UW2Knf-L_tI/AAAAAAAACqc/DKjZwRd3FBA/s1600/Salim+el-Hajj+01+east.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YD0Xo9OAG1k/UW2Knf-L_tI/AAAAAAAACqc/DKjZwRd3FBA/s640/Salim+el-Hajj+01+east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Fragment of the PEF map</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A05j8dzTtoY/UW2PJjemuWI/AAAAAAAACrc/gwqq7HI7pjc/s1600/Salim+el-Hajj+map+PEF.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="590" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A05j8dzTtoY/UW2PJjemuWI/AAAAAAAACrc/gwqq7HI7pjc/s640/Salim+el-Hajj+map+PEF.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Fragment of the 1918 German map of Palestine</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bKVz2sPt8tw/UW2ONyIUynI/AAAAAAAACrM/MrFpB2jA-N0/s1600/Salim+el-Hajj+map+1918.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="558" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bKVz2sPt8tw/UW2ONyIUynI/AAAAAAAACrM/MrFpB2jA-N0/s640/Salim+el-Hajj+map+1918.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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This is quite a curious object. Its sizes: 4.40 х 4.00 х 1.70 m (without a dome). A fragment of a plate with an Arab inscription lies on the maqam's roof. It is not clear where this plate came from. Inside a maqam there are many interesting objects. There is a deep hole in a floor before a mihrab in a southern wall. This is the work of some amateur treasure-seekers. They opened the shrine's floor and in the eastern side at the depth of one meter they found a small tunnel leading to an ancient burial chamber. It is unknown how many treasures were brought away from there. A small underground funeral which is now blocked by stones was found on the western side.</div>
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View from the south </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WhLOjdoWMOU/UW2KfMFOH5I/AAAAAAAACqU/T8tEblwMFtg/s1600/Salim+el-Hajj+02+south.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WhLOjdoWMOU/UW2KfMFOH5I/AAAAAAAACqU/T8tEblwMFtg/s640/Salim+el-Hajj+02+south.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZcldNn-A5Rg/UW2H15D_RTI/AAAAAAAACqE/qSrbDlbyIPs/s1600/Salim+el-Hajj+03+south-west.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZcldNn-A5Rg/UW2H15D_RTI/AAAAAAAACqE/qSrbDlbyIPs/s640/Salim+el-Hajj+03+south-west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lCNRxhaHvmw/W6bJjigtjLI/AAAAAAAAGR0/b1Bol4b0lz4pTBWXcsM6mrETaF1H52EoACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5245.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lCNRxhaHvmw/W6bJjigtjLI/AAAAAAAAGR0/b1Bol4b0lz4pTBWXcsM6mrETaF1H52EoACLcBGAs/s640/IMG_5245.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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A fragment of a plate with an Arab inscription lies on the maqam's roof.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AaiQPHSgxYU/UW2L8gTACeI/AAAAAAAACqs/2owdf6SG1qU/s1600/Salim+el-Hajj+05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AaiQPHSgxYU/UW2L8gTACeI/AAAAAAAACqs/2owdf6SG1qU/s640/Salim+el-Hajj+05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r1ng7nbGUGc/UW2LkpDvbwI/AAAAAAAACqk/mEbPZZLIVME/s1600/Salim+el-Hajj+06+mihrab.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r1ng7nbGUGc/UW2LkpDvbwI/AAAAAAAACqk/mEbPZZLIVME/s640/Salim+el-Hajj+06+mihrab.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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There is a deep hole in a floor before a mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KU125iLs7UY/UW2N-3zFoyI/AAAAAAAACq0/Xwi3ds5E20M/s1600/Salim+el-Hajj+07.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KU125iLs7UY/UW2N-3zFoyI/AAAAAAAACq0/Xwi3ds5E20M/s640/Salim+el-Hajj+07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A small tunnel leading to an ancient burial chamber</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O0gDRdBWK68/UW2ODIGhQzI/AAAAAAAACrE/kg1LkPWxgkk/s1600/Salim+el-Hajj+08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-O0gDRdBWK68/UW2ODIGhQzI/AAAAAAAACrE/kg1LkPWxgkk/s640/Salim+el-Hajj+08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam is situated to the south of so called the “Mukhtar's House”, in 100 meters to the west from a ticket office of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Guvrin_National_Park">Beit Guvrin National Park</a>. This Muslim shrine lies outside the National Park and thus it is not visited by tourists. No path leads to it.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NLqUr9h8Og8/UW2OCSvm2mI/AAAAAAAACq8/WnzKYoLc_iA/s1600/Salim+el-Hajj+air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="356" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NLqUr9h8Og8/UW2OCSvm2mI/AAAAAAAACq8/WnzKYoLc_iA/s640/Salim+el-Hajj+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Video of 2018</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxZrQNyBbkiVOdHKtQQkVwK0evGztVl6IA56x9X8c2vFXoE2pSgbkPvC3NkK0pROarOGqXBo42BqQJIjPU22A' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 15.08.18<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°36'19.3"N 34°53'29.3"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.604947,34.891827&spn=0.007136,0.009645&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/367/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 367 (Sheet XX)</a>; Khalidi 1992, 211<br />
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-77204153088117295672013-01-25T16:46:00.019-08:002022-09-15T14:08:53.710-07:005. Maqams. Coastal Plain<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Maqam ‘Abd an-Nabi</b></div>
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<b>مقام عبد النبي</b></div>
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<b>מקאם עבד אל-נבי</b></div>
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On the Tel Aviv coast, not far from the luxury <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_Tel_Aviv">Hotel “Hilton”</a> in the <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91)">Independence Park</a>, there is an abandoned Muslim cemetery located on a small hill. It is the Maqam of ‘Abd an-Nabi, which now looks more like a slum area. Once they tried to restore it, but not very successfully. Finally they simply stopped taking care of it. People strolling along the promenade use it as a dumping-ground for empty bottles.</div>
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‘Abd an-Nabi means “the servant of the Prophet [Muhammad]”. Maqam appears on maps of Palestine of the 19th century, long before the foundation of Tel Aviv. It is in many ways similar to the Maqam sheikh 'Awad in Ashkelon (see below), also located on the coast. And it has the same three-part structure: the tomb in the center and two adjacent arched rooms on the sides of it.</div>
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<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u-7R4-NSKUo/WgdMBTYb5jI/AAAAAAAAGLs/23bAQ5Zvxq00wWcVicrdyatlXoNAkcy4ACLcBGAs/s1600/Abd%2Bal-Neby%2Bair3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u-7R4-NSKUo/WgdMBTYb5jI/AAAAAAAAGLs/23bAQ5Zvxq00wWcVicrdyatlXoNAkcy4ACLcBGAs/s640/Abd%2Bal-Neby%2Bair3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OhkYKe6qotY/VGihE1rFd8I/AAAAAAAACvs/WUrsBwaYYoc/s1600/Abd%2Bal-Neby%2Bair2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="850" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OhkYKe6qotY/VGihE1rFd8I/AAAAAAAACvs/WUrsBwaYYoc/w636-h850/Abd%2Bal-Neby%2Bair2.jpg" width="636" /></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on">View from the south</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sitJZg1J_6k/YEJvdSypBgI/AAAAAAAAHwI/dSVNPQhkBNM_rJ_YVSCpilmjYlMxOamEQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1325/Abd%2Ban-Nabi%2Bsouth.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1044" data-original-width="1325" height="499" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sitJZg1J_6k/YEJvdSypBgI/AAAAAAAAHwI/dSVNPQhkBNM_rJ_YVSCpilmjYlMxOamEQCLcBGAsYHQ/w635-h499/Abd%2Ban-Nabi%2Bsouth.jpg" width="635" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mllF5lOhaD4/UQLGll32fVI/AAAAAAAAA5U/R56BeG__sYc/s1600/Abd+al-Neby+02+%2528T-A%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mllF5lOhaD4/UQLGll32fVI/AAAAAAAAA5U/R56BeG__sYc/s640/Abd+al-Neby+02+%2528T-A%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /><div style="text-align: center;">Eastern room</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dzns0TUnId0/UQLJoeLbTtI/AAAAAAAAA6k/556ndjPDHto/s1600/Abd+al-Neby+03+%2528T-A%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dzns0TUnId0/UQLJoeLbTtI/AAAAAAAAA6k/556ndjPDHto/s640/Abd+al-Neby+03+%2528T-A%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The central room</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XeGa3F-FH6A/UQLGux3n3qI/AAAAAAAAA5c/tVDNVhXlwdE/s1600/Abd+al-Neby+04+%2528T-A%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XeGa3F-FH6A/UQLGux3n3qI/AAAAAAAAA5c/tVDNVhXlwdE/s640/Abd+al-Neby+04+%2528T-A%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Western room</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PEO9vCajAEU/UQLGuXYCJII/AAAAAAAAA5g/iDZH6b-ve7c/s1600/Abd+al-Neby+05+%2528T-A%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PEO9vCajAEU/UQLGuXYCJII/AAAAAAAAA5g/iDZH6b-ve7c/s640/Abd+al-Neby+05+%2528T-A%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A. Petersen examined the maqam of ‘Abd an-Nabi in June of 1992 and concluded that “<i>The oldest part of the complex is the Prayer hall, which is the westernmost of the three units. It is entered via a doorway in the north wall. The doorway is set in a portal recess with an arch made of cushion voussoirs. The doorway is decorated with ablaq masonry (white and red stone) with two large basalt blocks above the lintel. The interior of the Prayer hall is a square area roofed with a folded cross-vault and a small fluted dome in the centre. There is a mihrab opposite the doorway in the middle of the south wall. The mihrab is a concave hooded niche made out of alternate blocks of pink and white marble. The south, west, and east walls each have pairs of small openings (now blocked).</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 298</a>)</div>
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Photo of 1992 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sp5avZae42E/UQLQFtl7jQI/AAAAAAAAA7o/Mp5vEgGGR48/s1600/Abd+al-Neby+1992.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="380" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sp5avZae42E/UQLQFtl7jQI/AAAAAAAAA7o/Mp5vEgGGR48/s640/Abd+al-Neby+1992.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Though the maqam of ‘Abd an-Nabi had been built a long time ago (15–16th century — <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 299</a>), the Muslim cemetery came into existence only in 1902 after a terrible epidemic of cholera in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffa">Jaffa</a>. With the expansion of Tel Aviv the Muslim community in Jaffa was cut off from the cemetery and they buried here no longer. Initially the cemetery occupied the area of 34.338 square meters, but after the construction of the hotel “Hilton” in 1963 was reduced to a tiny size. Even back in the 1940s it was noticed that young people of both sexes sunbathed in their underwear on the tombstones, and little boys defecated in the maqam. Letters from indignant citizens of Tel Aviv are kept in the city archives. It is true, though, that we do not exactly know what were the citizens indignant at: the desecration of the Muslim monument or obscene look of Jewish youth.</div>
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Read about it in the book: <i>Barbara Mann</i>. A Place in History: Modernism, Tel Aviv, and the Creation of Jewish Urban Space. Tel Aviv, 2006. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=iiYjTTWawGYC&pg=PP1&pg=PA64#v=onepage&q=&f=false">P. 64</a></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">‘Abd an-Na</span><span style="text-align: justify;">bi</span> Cemetery. Photo of 1900s</div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on"><span style="text-align: justify;">‘Abd an-Na</span><span style="text-align: justify;">bi</span><span style="text-align: center;"> Cemetery. Photo of 1900s</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/a/tlv100.net/tlv100/_/rsrc/1544193853685/old_north/abd-nb/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A7%20%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%A8%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%20%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%20%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9A%20%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%20%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95.%20%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D%20%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%AA%201929.%20%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A7%20%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94%20%D7%93%D7%A8%20%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91..jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="494" data-original-width="800" height="393" src="https://sites.google.com/a/tlv100.net/tlv100/_/rsrc/1544193853685/old_north/abd-nb/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A7%20%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%A8%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%20%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%20%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%20%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9A%20%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%9C%20%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95.%20%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D%20%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%AA%201929.%20%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A7%20%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94%20%D7%93%D7%A8%20%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91..jpg" width="637" /></a></div><span><a name='more'></a></span><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">‘Abd an-Nabi Cemetery. Photo of 1933</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/a/tlv100.net/tlv100/_/rsrc/1544193898882/old_north/abd-nb/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%98%20%D7%90%D7%9C%20%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%20(%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%92%D7%9F%20%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9C)%2C%201933..jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="445" data-original-width="637" height="385" src="https://sites.google.com/a/tlv100.net/tlv100/_/rsrc/1544193898882/old_north/abd-nb/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%98%20%D7%90%D7%9C%20%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%20(%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D%20%D7%92%D7%9F%20%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9C)%2C%201933..jpg" width="551" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div>
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Photo of 1970s</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/a/tlv100.net/tlv100/_/rsrc/1544194172887/old_north/abd-nb/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%97%20%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%9C%20%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99%2C%20%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F%2C%20%D7%94%D7%92%D7%9C%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%97%20%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%20%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C%20%D7%91.%20%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94%20%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D..jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="552" data-original-width="800" height="438" src="https://sites.google.com/a/tlv100.net/tlv100/_/rsrc/1544194172887/old_north/abd-nb/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%97%20%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%93%20%D7%90%D7%9C%20%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99%2C%20%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F%2C%20%D7%94%D7%92%D7%9C%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%20%D7%A2%D7%9C%20%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%97%20%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%20%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%20%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C%20%D7%91.%20%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94%20%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA%20%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D..jpg" width="633" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Video of 1986</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="445" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yMIor0DftYQ" width="536" youtube-src-id="yMIor0DftYQ"></iframe></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><i style="text-align: left;">Visited</i><span style="text-align: left;">: 11.08.12</span></div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°05'15.5"N 34°46'11.7"E</div>
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.08761,34.769862&spn=0.007599,0.009645&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/218/mode/1up"> Palmer 1881, 218 (Sheet XIII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 137</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/nouveauguidedet00meisgoog#page/n598/mode/1up">Meistermann 1907, 499</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 298–299</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/1128/site/19921">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>; Wikipedia: <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%28%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%29">Independence Park (Tel Aviv)</a>; tlv100.net: <a href="https://sites.google.com/a/tlv100.net/tlv100/old_north/abd-nb">‘Abd an-Nabi Cemetery</a></div>
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<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.087428,34.769856,3a,75y,4.83h,46.04t/data=!3m4!1e1!3m2!1sAF1QipNsSE4GatNsY9qq6W4pRvSXsFR0Hd9L_OA2Znu4!2e10">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.0878772,34.7698389,3a,75y,145.35h,95.27t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPeTqVbbRcg4Vd1HByEmDQh7ycMnhULrBx7mqXA!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPeTqVbbRcg4Vd1HByEmDQh7ycMnhULrBx7mqXA%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya126.232254-ro-0-fo100!7i7168!8i3584">Panorama 2</a></div>
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<b>Maqam </b><b>a</b><b>l-Khidr (Green Mosque)</b></div>
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<b>مقام الخضرة</b></div>
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<b>מקאם אל-חידר</b></div>
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In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkelon_National_Park">Ashkelon National Park</a>, on a steep cliff above the sea, lie the remains of a Muslim building surrounded by a fence because it’s under the threat of collapse. This is Maqam al-Khidr or the Green Mosque. The structure dates back to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a>, after examining it in 1875, gave this description: “<i>There is a small building on the cliff, to which the name el-Khudra is now given. It measures 9 paces either way, with an entrance on the north, on which side is a porch of the same size. The windows of the building have round arches, and it may perhaps be of early date</i>.” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/240/mode/1up">SWP III 240</a>) Apparently, the structure originally was not a tomb, but a mosque or a praying house. Describing the ruins of Ascalon, A. Olesnitsky mentions “Arab chapel” that stands over the sea, where he spent the night as many bypassing Europeans usually did (II 202).</div>
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Photo of 1921</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZDDh9qbt5bo/UQLuSyBCn5I/AAAAAAAAA8g/rakZKeKMqFE/s1600/Khidr+maqam+1921.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="482" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZDDh9qbt5bo/UQLuSyBCn5I/AAAAAAAAA8g/rakZKeKMqFE/s640/Khidr+maqam+1921.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Though this building is dated to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>, it can be possible that a sanctuary has been existing here long time before. A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism">Sufi</a> traveler, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_ibn_abi_bakr_al-Harawi">'Ali al-Harawi</a> (d. 1215) writes as follows, “<i>I was in Askalon in 570 (1174) and spent a night in the chapel devoted to Abraham. The prophet came to me in a dream. He was surrounded with a few people. I bowed to him, kissed his hand and told him, “it would be good, oh God`s Prophet, to see this tower under Muslim control!” “It will be back under their control and will be as an example for the people”. – I woke up and put down this dream in details on the wall of the chapel located against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qibla">Qibla</a>, and added a date. Jerusalem and Askalon were taken over in 583 (1187). Many merchants and servicemen saw my inscription made in 570 (1174)</i>.</div>
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If he described this building, it seems that the Muslims grabbed a Christian chapel.</div>
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The picture of D. Maxwell, 1918. <a href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/17753">Source</a>.</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KDh7xm5zOoY/W60C_36a3GI/AAAAAAAAGTw/0UA8Q4xA44AuO9QYg3P_dB2gGpkTN9bawCLcBGAs/s1600/Khidr%2Bmaqam%2B1918%2BD%2BMaxwell.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="798" height="396" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KDh7xm5zOoY/W60C_36a3GI/AAAAAAAAGTw/0UA8Q4xA44AuO9QYg3P_dB2gGpkTN9bawCLcBGAs/s640/Khidr%2Bmaqam%2B1918%2BD%2BMaxwell.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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“<i>The building</i>, — writes A. Petersen, — <i>consisted of a square cross-vaulted room with an open-vaulted canopy at the front and a smaller vaulted structure on the south side. The doorway was surmounted by a white marble lintel and either side there was a rectangular window</i>.” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 97</a>) Though already in 1994, according to A. Petersen, the building was derelict, many of the facing stone had been removed and the building appeared to be in danger of falling into the sea (Ibid.), nothing has been done to maintain the structure for the past 18 years. Please keep in mind that the monument is located in the heart of the National Park, and a great amount of reconstructive and sham work has been done about other objects situated there. More than a half of the Green Mosque is in ruins and the destruction continues.</div>
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Plan of Ascalon (from the book by D. Pringle)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MciAF5APIUM/UQLzBCfF9eI/AAAAAAAAA9I/6nd7_ULSVc8/s1600/Ascalon+plan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MciAF5APIUM/UQLzBCfF9eI/AAAAAAAAA9I/6nd7_ULSVc8/s1600/Ascalon+plan.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jkLR1uut1ls/VI2-mrPgALI/AAAAAAAADEY/C25k5HAmW9Y/s1600/Khidr%2Bmaqam%2BAshkelon%2Bair%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="434" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jkLR1uut1ls/VI2-mrPgALI/AAAAAAAADEY/C25k5HAmW9Y/s1600/Khidr%2Bmaqam%2BAshkelon%2Bair%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2a75-YrxKZU/VI2_Lgt7XdI/AAAAAAAADEg/5S2Iku82RPU/s1600/Khidr%2Bmaqam%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="434" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2a75-YrxKZU/VI2_Lgt7XdI/AAAAAAAADEg/5S2Iku82RPU/s1600/Khidr%2Bmaqam%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gnohupdURrs/UQLuR6B4eJI/AAAAAAAAA8Y/Zq3avexYA8I/s1600/Khidr+maqam+%2528Ashkelon%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gnohupdURrs/UQLuR6B4eJI/AAAAAAAAA8Y/Zq3avexYA8I/s640/Khidr+maqam+%2528Ashkelon%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 09.10.11<br />
<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i>: 31°39'48.8"N 34°32'40.0"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.664486,34.54505&spn=0.010538,0.01575&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507279;view=1up;seq=550">Sepp 1863, II 514</a>; Olesnitsky 1878, II 202; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/240/mode/1up">SWP III 240</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/360/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 360 (Sheet XIX)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA64#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Pringle 1993, I 64</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 97</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Abu Ghazala</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ أبو غزالة</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אבו גזאלה</b></div>
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Khirbet as-Sukrieyh (as-Sukriya) has been known from 19th century. It is mentioned by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)">E. Robinson</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a>, E. Palmer and other researchers. But A. Petersen was the first to tell about a Muslim shrine in this place. This is Maqam sheikh Abu Ghazala which has survived to the present days in a relatively decent condition. It is strange, however, that V. Guérin who walked Khirbet as-Sukrieyh all through and examined two ancient wells and parts of a marble column lying on the ground (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr03gugoog#page/n315/mode/1up">Judee II 304</a>) said nothing about the <b>sheikh's tomb</b>. It was impossible not to notice it; it was seen from afar. Probably, during this time, in 1860s there was no maqam, and it was built later. Anyway, when the tomb was constructed, fragments of marble columns similar to those ones which V. Guérin wrote about were used.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Er_OgXFcKDU/UUyzmOZ7MzI/AAAAAAAACiI/G2KraRAEOaY/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Er_OgXFcKDU/UUyzmOZ7MzI/AAAAAAAACiI/G2KraRAEOaY/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k_M1-Hp9UcA/UUy2tFKNrQI/AAAAAAAACj4/1ilxRW8CE0o/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k_M1-Hp9UcA/UUy2tFKNrQI/AAAAAAAACj4/1ilxRW8CE0o/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A. Petersen indicates that during a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine">Mandate period</a> a <i>khan</i> (hotel) existed in Khirbet as-Sukriya which was examined by researchers in 1929. However, researchers told nothing about any maqam on Khirbet as-Sukriyya. Thus, it is quite likely that the maqam was erected on khan’s ruins some time after 1929. “<i>Features of the present structure (such as the continuation of the walls to the east and west and the unusual construction of the mihrab) strengthen this interpretation</i>.” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 289</a>) Describing this tomb A. Petersen does not tell the name of the buried person. We learn that the maqam belongs to sheikh Abu Ghazala when studying the <a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn1319394">British map of Palestine</a>.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Photo of 1994 (from the book by A. Petersen) </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1d20MffZOSQ/UUy2qBvJ5EI/AAAAAAAACjo/_MMFYJ4eCPI/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+1994+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1d20MffZOSQ/UUy2qBvJ5EI/AAAAAAAACjo/_MMFYJ4eCPI/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+1994+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Nowadays agricultural lands of No'am moshav are spread in the place of Khirbet as-Sukrieyh. However, the maqam itself was not touched; it still stands in the middle of a field of wheat. “<i>The building comprises two main elements</i>, — writes A. Petersen, — <i>a domed tomb chamber and a ruinous side chamber. The tomb chamber is a square building with a tall conical dome. On the outside the upper part of the corners are cut off diagonally. The entrance is in the middle of the north side. To the right of the entrance there is a small window and the remains of the springing of a vault. The north wall appears to continue westwards beyond the north-west corner of the building suggesting there may have been another room to the south. The room to the east is less well preserved, although enough remains to show that it was roofed with a cross-vault and probably had an entrance on the north side</i>.” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 289</a>)<br />
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The maqam represents a cube having dimensions of about 6.75 x 6.75 x 3.00 m. Herewith, its angles are indeed somewhat bevelled, due to which outside the structure is rather an octagon. Inside it is a square 4.70 x 4.70 m room. A high conical dome (1.60 m) is quite rare for Palestinian maqams.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KC3kLDqAZAE/UUy1cKIfB6I/AAAAAAAACjA/NG237-F99jc/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+05+south.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KC3kLDqAZAE/UUy1cKIfB6I/AAAAAAAACjA/NG237-F99jc/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+05+south.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
View from the east</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zKKAG0GDk2E/UUyz7D1gXqI/AAAAAAAACiU/ubHIx3kdb18/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+04+east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zKKAG0GDk2E/UUyz7D1gXqI/AAAAAAAACiU/ubHIx3kdb18/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+04+east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mCavuG0HIqk/UUy1MvKgPOI/AAAAAAAACi4/zSsSnuo6Yt0/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+02+west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mCavuG0HIqk/UUy1MvKgPOI/AAAAAAAACi4/zSsSnuo6Yt0/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+02+west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5ZhVZZ71veo/UUyz7ajw8kI/AAAAAAAACiY/GHSj6ICtk20/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+03+north.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5ZhVZZ71veo/UUyz7ajw8kI/AAAAAAAACiY/GHSj6ICtk20/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+03+north.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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“<i>In the centre of the south wall is a shallow mihrab niche framed by two monolithic marble columns and capped by a lintel made from a section of marble column. Directly in front of the mihrab is a tall rectangular cenotaph with a piece of marble column as headstone</i>.” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 289</a>)<br />
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We can see approximately the same picture nowadays. But only a marble lintel fell on the floor above a mihrab and plasterwork dropped from tomb's walls. An iron hook hangs down from the apex of the dome, to which, most likely, an oil lamp was hanged some time ago. Fresh Arab inscriptions and pictures appear on tomb's wall what testifies that the sanctuary is visited by Muslims.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The mihrab and cenotaph. Photo of 1994 (from the book by A. Petersen) </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ai_40XaEjRY/UUy2riLwtTI/AAAAAAAACjw/Kr1R3aFoq54/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+1994+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="410" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ai_40XaEjRY/UUy2riLwtTI/AAAAAAAACjw/Kr1R3aFoq54/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+1994+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The cenotaph</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AaZYZNRqXmU/UUy0YAOe-WI/AAAAAAAACio/0CzQPKLSHZA/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+07+cenotaph.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AaZYZNRqXmU/UUy0YAOe-WI/AAAAAAAACio/0CzQPKLSHZA/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+07+cenotaph.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9_mMgdSqRYQ/UUy2t7vNIoI/AAAAAAAACkA/nu4z5YLq1sY/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+10+mihrab.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9_mMgdSqRYQ/UUy2t7vNIoI/AAAAAAAACkA/nu4z5YLq1sY/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+10+mihrab.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior view of dome</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HQF4eAgWVIU/UUy2ovZOS3I/AAAAAAAACjY/dJHMvYvzE3U/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+13+dome.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HQF4eAgWVIU/UUy2ovZOS3I/AAAAAAAACjY/dJHMvYvzE3U/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+13+dome.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B3sL0DY2ilY/UUy1mF0WyeI/AAAAAAAACjI/-2f71w12BA4/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B3sL0DY2ilY/UUy1mF0WyeI/AAAAAAAACjI/-2f71w12BA4/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DhlwuUvnJ3E/UUy2plp_AXI/AAAAAAAACjk/Sk65cu4eZOw/s1600/Abu+Ghazala+sh+12.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DhlwuUvnJ3E/UUy2plp_AXI/AAAAAAAACjk/Sk65cu4eZOw/s640/Abu+Ghazala+sh+12.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> From the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_40_(Israel)">Highway 40</a> we turn to Route 3403 leading to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%27am">No‘am</a> moshav. Maqam is located to the south of a Jewish cemetery which stands on the left side from Route 3403 before an entry to moshav.<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°34'04.5"N 34°46'47.7"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.567969,34.780011&spn=0.02757,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="https://www.blogger.com/://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/304/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 304</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 288–289</a><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam sheikh Ahmad Abu Iqbal</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مقام الشيخ أحمد أبو إقبال</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>קבר שייח' אבו אקבאל</b></div>
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In a former Palestinian village Isdud (nowadays Tel Ashdod) three Muslim shrines were known. One of them – the tomb of sheikh Ahmad Abu Iqbal – has survived to the present day. Researchers of the 19th century do not mention the tomb of Abu Iqbal although they describe two other shrines in details: tombs of Ibrahim al-Matbuli and Salman al-Farsi. Pictures of these shrines can be seen in Picturesque Palestine (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales03wilsuoft#page/165/mode/1up">Wilson III 165</a>) and in pictures of G. Harper (1894). Impression is such that maqam of sheikh Ahmad Abu Iqbal did not yet exist in 19th century.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PfBQs611a1U/UUy4-yeXqQI/AAAAAAAACkg/P1x44rIOwQU/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PfBQs611a1U/UUy4-yeXqQI/AAAAAAAACkg/P1x44rIOwQU/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mzqrdM_lB-Q/UUy7iPavXhI/AAAAAAAAClg/KzlZ8enTbwE/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mzqrdM_lB-Q/UUy7iPavXhI/AAAAAAAAClg/KzlZ8enTbwE/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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But still this structure must be dated to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>. Probably, it appeared in the very beginning of 19th century. Here is the description of A. Petersen who examined the monument in 1992: “<i>This building consists of two parts arranged side by side, a square domed chamber (approximately 5m x 5m) on the east and a cross-vaulted Iwan to the west. It is apparent that the Iwan abutts the tomb chamber and was built some time later</i>.<br />
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<i>The domed chamber is entered from a low doorway in the middle of the north wall. In the centre of the chamber beneath the dome is a large rectangular covered cenotaph. There is a plain concave mihrab in the middle of the south wall and a square niche for lamps set into the east wall. The room is covered with a shallow (saucer-shaped) dome resting on pendentives springing from ground level. The dome is crowned with a broken marble finial</i>.<br />
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<i>The cross-vaulted Iwan is taller than the domed chamber although it has a ground plan of equal size. The north side of the building consists of an open arch with a cyma recta cornice above. There are two projecting waterspouts set into either end of the cornice. The west side of the Iwan contains two rectangular windows covered with shallow arches. In the middle of the back wall of the Iwan is a shallow mihrab with a pointed arched hood</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 156</a>).
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Photo of 1987 (from the book by W. Khalidi)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
In the foreground Maqam sheikh Ahmad Abu Iqbal, in the background – so called <span style="text-align: justify;">“</span>House with arches<span style="text-align: justify;">”</span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eH9NPZJo-gI/UW4A9wbJLHI/AAAAAAAACro/5bD29P4yS5M/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+1987.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="468" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eH9NPZJo-gI/UW4A9wbJLHI/AAAAAAAACro/5bD29P4yS5M/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+1987.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1992 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UdkxUHEBGhI/UUy7fyW2roI/AAAAAAAAClY/XdgqFckdR7o/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+1992+north.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="364" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UdkxUHEBGhI/UUy7fyW2roI/AAAAAAAAClY/XdgqFckdR7o/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+1992+north.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Interior. Photo of 1992 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iLgvDeH2SxU/UUy7fAuSITI/AAAAAAAAClQ/S4ja65NABxY/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+1992+interior.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="418" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iLgvDeH2SxU/UUy7fAuSITI/AAAAAAAAClQ/S4ja65NABxY/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+1992+interior.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Plan of maqam (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5atZ66eiEJ4/UUy7jBUN5iI/AAAAAAAAClo/VPGo2k-Nft8/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+plan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5atZ66eiEJ4/UUy7jBUN5iI/AAAAAAAAClo/VPGo2k-Nft8/s400/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+plan.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
Sizes of the structure are as follows: the entire facility occupies the area of approximately 7.0 х 14.0 m, maqam itself – 7.0 х 7.0 х 2.80 m. Lately restoration works have been performed in a Prayer hall (<i>Iwan</i>) and in a burial room. Some walls and domes of maqam are filled with cement using a wooden forwork. Herewith, if we compare it with a photograph made by A. Petersen in 1992, a cenotaph was significantly damaged. Outside the structure, an almond tree grew in the south-western corner. Rain water chutes laid on the roofs of maqam and a Prayer hall are interesting.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_d6FO23B6pE/UUy4nwcBkEI/AAAAAAAACkQ/4AA6m74AiTw/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+02+north-west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_d6FO23B6pE/UUy4nwcBkEI/AAAAAAAACkQ/4AA6m74AiTw/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+02+north-west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">View from the north</span>. <span class="hps">The Prayer hall </span></span>(<i>Iwan</i>)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AoeODRU38i0/UUy4n5Tqc_I/AAAAAAAACkM/ZxvFFwZVi8c/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+03+north.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AoeODRU38i0/UUy4n5Tqc_I/AAAAAAAACkM/ZxvFFwZVi8c/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+03+north.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
View from the north. The tomb</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GDJXN-wOE8M/UUy4wTgODUI/AAAAAAAACkY/-cXn3fw193E/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+04+north.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GDJXN-wOE8M/UUy4wTgODUI/AAAAAAAACkY/-cXn3fw193E/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+04+north.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2MQTwOzuOVY/UUy7nQtLfDI/AAAAAAAAClw/SbVjhaC34Y8/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+06+west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2MQTwOzuOVY/UUy7nQtLfDI/AAAAAAAAClw/SbVjhaC34Y8/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+06+west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
View from the south</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WAdgs7eSdb4/UUy6XsBt6lI/AAAAAAAACk4/1UBLA4oFFdc/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+07+south.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WAdgs7eSdb4/UUy6XsBt6lI/AAAAAAAACk4/1UBLA4oFFdc/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+07+south.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The cenotaph and mihrab of tomb</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ho27XUbB-_w/UUy6MyRFI6I/AAAAAAAACkw/w_VVTHsJaFc/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+09+interior.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ho27XUbB-_w/UUy6MyRFI6I/AAAAAAAACkw/w_VVTHsJaFc/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+09+interior.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
The mihrab of <span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Prayer hall</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-snjqc7-IRVA/UUy5kHRfqJI/AAAAAAAACko/4HPENXkI3Yc/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+08+interior.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-snjqc7-IRVA/UUy5kHRfqJI/AAAAAAAACko/4HPENXkI3Yc/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+08+interior.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Rain water chutes laid on the roofs of maqam and a Prayer hall</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f9e4yVFdOHA/UUy7aay_-TI/AAAAAAAAClA/8aIWrogPQjA/s1600/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f9e4yVFdOHA/UUy7aay_-TI/AAAAAAAAClA/8aIWrogPQjA/s640/Ahmad+Abu+Iqbal+sh+11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. At present it is possible to get to Tel Ashdod only through the industrial area ‘Ad Halom, to which you should turn from the f<span style="text-align: left;">rom the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_4_(Israel)" style="text-align: left;">Highway 4</a><span style="text-align: left;">. Across the Industrial area you should pass first along Bareket street (ברקת), then along Topaz street (טופז).</span></div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°45'11.4"N 34°39'14.9"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.753897,34.654183&spn=0.029668,0.03665&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 156</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/7/site/1332">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Awad</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مقام الشيخ ﻋﻭﺾ</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' עוואד</b><br />
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Maqam `Abd an-Nabi in Tel-Aviv has a counterpart in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a>, the maqam on sheikh `Awad. The same coastal plain location, the same three-part structure: domed part in the centre, and 2 vaulted rooms on both sides. Even the sizes are similar.<br />
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Though these two counterpart maqams have a different destiny. The tomb of sheikh `Awad easily matched the cultural landscape of modern Ashkelon. The Maqam looks well treated, tiled around with flagstones, and lit with lanterns at night. The tomb of sheikh `Awad is marked as a place of interest and recommended for tourist visiting. We met a wedding cortege and a bride making a photoshoot with the Muslim sanctuary in the background.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Nc4-DnW8qhg/W6zgkptFbxI/AAAAAAAAGSk/33kS277HPHQ2qHaVSLP2M3buR2RGmuC-ACLcBGAs/s1600/Awad%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Nc4-DnW8qhg/W6zgkptFbxI/AAAAAAAAGSk/33kS277HPHQ2qHaVSLP2M3buR2RGmuC-ACLcBGAs/s640/Awad%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sdnP-jwG7wA/W6zhOkk8HSI/AAAAAAAAGSs/y15Ppe4iHiggkqgMpL7BoYnOlTxwp2VLgCLcBGAs/s1600/Awad%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1155" height="424" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sdnP-jwG7wA/W6zhOkk8HSI/AAAAAAAAGSs/y15Ppe4iHiggkqgMpL7BoYnOlTxwp2VLgCLcBGAs/s640/Awad%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1994 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-543WnayncYY/W6zhedaSB8I/AAAAAAAAGS0/LfA8leAFhcg7qbcaunzUQDZi-0BQl75BwCLcBGAs/s1600/Awad%2Bsheikh%2BPetersen2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="808" height="296" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-543WnayncYY/W6zhedaSB8I/AAAAAAAAGS0/LfA8leAFhcg7qbcaunzUQDZi-0BQl75BwCLcBGAs/s640/Awad%2Bsheikh%2BPetersen2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of maqam (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4PpZiCpRilU/W6zhd9rpQTI/AAAAAAAAGSw/Q9dZ-bgsSl0xdijF45K748_J6IczlOLigCEwYBhgL/s1600/Awad%2Bsheikh%2Bplan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="278" data-original-width="657" height="270" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4PpZiCpRilU/W6zhd9rpQTI/AAAAAAAAGSw/Q9dZ-bgsSl0xdijF45K748_J6IczlOLigCEwYBhgL/s640/Awad%2Bsheikh%2Bplan.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A. Petersen made a detailed description of this building, “<i>The shrine consists of a square domed room flanked by two cross-vaulted chambers. The roof of the central domed room is significantly lower (approximately 2m) than the vaulted structures either side. The vaulted structures each have a similar design consisting of a large open archway facing north with windows on the west and east sides, one leading into the central chamber and the other open to the exterior. There are no openings on the south side. Each of the open archways is surmounted with a cornice decorated with a billet moulding. The roof is drained by four water spouts which project from the south side (only one of these is complete).</i><br />
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<i>The central chamber is entered through a doorway at the east end on the north wall. In the centre of the north wall there is a window (possibly the original doorway). Both the doorway and the window are slightly recessed from the exterior wall of the building. Inside the room is a cenotaph (aligned east-west) with a plain mihrab on the east side of the south wall (i.e. in line with the doorway). The dome rests on four squinches and four blind arches. Each squinch consists of two stone arches, a large outer arch and a smaller recessed inner arch. Within the smaller arch is a small pendentive terminated by a twin-lobed impost block (console).</i><br />
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<i>To the north of the shrine there are traces of a rectangular enclosure which has since been demolished.</i><br />
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<i>The age of the building is not known although it is clear that the two side chambers are later and may be confidently dated to the nineteenth or late eighteenth centuries on the basis of architectural features such as the billet moulding used as a cornice, high arches, and large windows. The central domed room is more problematic, although the use of squinches usually implies an earlier date (i.e. pre-eighteenth century)</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 98</a>).<br />
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S4y2oM-tyv4/W6zmaSwIevI/AAAAAAAAGTQ/maDd0OAS0SkDGBkl0mXPcTmCvAMMXO_uQCLcBGAs/s1600/Awad%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S4y2oM-tyv4/W6zmaSwIevI/AAAAAAAAGTQ/maDd0OAS0SkDGBkl0mXPcTmCvAMMXO_uQCLcBGAs/s640/Awad%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DR_XD6mTOpc/W6zmaEmXz-I/AAAAAAAAGTc/lu57ggAoR2QmUw7d-qRlUbBmIJbqwwo7ACEwYBhgL/s1600/Awad%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DR_XD6mTOpc/W6zmaEmXz-I/AAAAAAAAGTc/lu57ggAoR2QmUw7d-qRlUbBmIJbqwwo7ACEwYBhgL/s640/Awad%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The cenotaph and mihrab in central chamber</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IuKSJElai5w/W6zmaGmwkpI/AAAAAAAAGTU/gl0GUWYWNYgF-ymlr4hIPjN2rzBKIKkEACEwYBhgL/s1600/Awad%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IuKSJElai5w/W6zmaGmwkpI/AAAAAAAAGTU/gl0GUWYWNYgF-ymlr4hIPjN2rzBKIKkEACEwYBhgL/s640/Awad%2Bsheikh%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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This description should be enlarged. The entrance to the burial chamber was locked, and windows barred. On sheikh`s cenotaph an Arabian caption reads <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahada">Shahada</a>. There is a touristic stand with the information as follows, There is a touristic stand with the information as follows, “<i>This structure is the burial place of Sheikh Awad, whose identity is unknown, dated to the Mameluke era (1260–1516 A.D.). The central chamber has a prayer recess (machrab sic!) in the southern wall facing Mecca. This building is part of a series of holy sites built by the Mamelukes along the coast, in their attempt to strengthen the western frontier of the country</i>”.<br />
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It is obvious that municipal administration of Ashkelon made the memorial significantly older. The dates given by A. Petersen is rather true. On the map of Pierre Jacotin (1799) to the north from Ascalon ruins there is a coastal plain Muslim shrine (Santon). It might be the first documentation use of the Maqam of sheikh `Awad.<br />
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The map of Pierre Jacotin (1799)</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--ysH23W_nxs/W6zp3FodBzI/AAAAAAAAGTk/l3dReEiIMTMbAfufTty3809Hx3N6kj49QCLcBGAs/s1600/Awad%2Bsheikh%2B1799.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1096" data-original-width="1500" height="466" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--ysH23W_nxs/W6zp3FodBzI/AAAAAAAAGTk/l3dReEiIMTMbAfufTty3809Hx3N6kj49QCLcBGAs/s640/Awad%2Bsheikh%2B1799.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>: The Maqam is located on Bar Kochva Promenade, 750 m to the north-west from Ashkelon Marina.<br />
<i>Visited</i>: 17.08.15<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i> 31°41'15.3"N 34°33'47.4"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.687595,%2034.563154&spn=0.029852,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i> <a href="https://cs.anu.edu.au/people/Brendan.McKay/yabber/jacotin/Jacotin43.jpg">Jacotin map (1799)</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/151/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II, 151–152</a> (<span style="text-align: justify;">“</span>Oualy ech-Cheikh Haoued<span style="text-align: justify;">”</span>); <a href="http://archive.org/stream/introductiontosu00saun#page/141/mode/1up">SWP 1881, 141</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/273/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 273 (Sheet XVI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 138</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/palestineetsyri00baedgoog#page/n389/mode/1up">Baedeker 1882, 336</a>; Khalidi 1992, 99; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 98</a></div>
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<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.6876891,34.5632039,3a,75y,226.47h,87.78t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNgnSdW5VyhTo-Jq9ISOwW6jCKntODNB_xGMtel!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNgnSdW5VyhTo-Jq9ISOwW6jCKntODNB_xGMtel%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya141.1114-ro-0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352">Panorama</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Baraz </b><b>ad</b><b>-Din (Muhammad </b><b>as</b><b>-Sadiq)</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ براز الدين - محمد الصادق</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' מוחמד צדק</b></div>
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This maqam, located to the south of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosh_HaAyin">Rosh ha-'Ayin</a> not far from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migdal_Afek">Migdal Afek</a> (Migdal Tzedek), is situated on a hill and is clearly visible from many points. However, as you get closer to this monument you can’t help but feel puzzled by what modern restorers did to it. Thick layers of plaster alternate with the old masonry. But that’s not all – one side of the maqam is tiled just like ordinary houses. All this seems pretty tasteless, like a fashionable cap put on a top of sheikh’s turban. But the restorers seem to consider their own work worthwhile, as they’ve put up a small fence around the maqam.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fcsatRwYRYU/UQMGvid0VuI/AAAAAAAAA_Y/_xdR8MKA1SA/s1600/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fcsatRwYRYU/UQMGvid0VuI/AAAAAAAAA_Y/_xdR8MKA1SA/s640/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4crMb8PDM10/UQMDmmVsuMI/AAAAAAAAA-I/7nXzWCJlkbI/s1600/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+05+%2528south%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4crMb8PDM10/UQMDmmVsuMI/AAAAAAAAA-I/7nXzWCJlkbI/s640/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+05+%2528south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SToj6QrpBho/UQMDPC1-7SI/AAAAAAAAA9w/Jmo8bXUkIFc/s1600/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+02+%2528north%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SToj6QrpBho/UQMDPC1-7SI/AAAAAAAAA9w/Jmo8bXUkIFc/s640/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+02+%2528north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Wb5akgbKChE/UQMDaDuf8QI/AAAAAAAAA98/TNbSbZm46J4/s1600/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+04+%2528south-west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Wb5akgbKChE/UQMDaDuf8QI/AAAAAAAAA98/TNbSbZm46J4/s640/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+04+%2528south-west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wFsudabi7VI/UQME5WTUQTI/AAAAAAAAA-w/KOGaCv1YY8Q/s1600/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+06+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wFsudabi7VI/UQME5WTUQTI/AAAAAAAAA-w/KOGaCv1YY8Q/s640/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+06+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Judging by the old photographs, even back than the monument was in poor condition and probably in need of restoration. But not of such kind.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2vLcHGPO9Hc/USAxITVKFOI/AAAAAAAACIY/Hw3Cft-89L4/s1600/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2vLcHGPO9Hc/USAxITVKFOI/AAAAAAAACIY/Hw3Cft-89L4/s640/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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About sheikh Baraz ad-Din <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> says that he distinguished himself in the wars with the Crusaders (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/361/mode/1up">SWP II 361</a>). According to another tradition a local saint, sheikh Muhammad as-Sadiq, was buried here (<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22097/22097-h/22097-h.htm">Finn 1868, 135</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/158/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 158</a>). In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine">Mandate times</a> the area around the tomb served as the village cemetery. In 1994, A. Petersen saw the remains of the cenotaph on the floor of the Burial chamber (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">2001, 215</a>).</div>
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Photo of 1925</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Rx0RH5a9UXo/VDl5BDgGCoI/AAAAAAAACt8/sdduptF8Z0Y/s1600/Baraz%2Bel-Din%2Bsheikh%2B1925.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="448" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Rx0RH5a9UXo/VDl5BDgGCoI/AAAAAAAACt8/sdduptF8Z0Y/s1600/Baraz%2Bel-Din%2Bsheikh%2B1925.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Members of the Zionist organization “Beitar” at the tomb of sheikh. Photo of 1960s. <a href="http://www.israelalbum.org.il/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F/%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%AA%20%20%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A8%20%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%20%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F/P5211?sr=true">Source</a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wlPKKePOZYY/UTSFAaiWWlI/AAAAAAAACcs/uLT3AGHK-HE/s1600/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+1960.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="454" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wlPKKePOZYY/UTSFAaiWWlI/AAAAAAAACcs/uLT3AGHK-HE/s640/Baraz+el-Din+sheikh+1960.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 04.08.12</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°05'00.2"N 34°57'27.2"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.083774,34.958324&spn=0.029852,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog#page/n188/mode/1up">Robinson 1856, 139</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/158/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 158</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/361/mode/1up">SWP II 361</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/243/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 243 (Sheet XIV)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 138</a>; Khalidi 1992, 396–397; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 215</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/61/site/11135">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A7">Migdal Afek Park</a></div>
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<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.08174,34.957216,3a,16.5y,10.03h,68.89t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN8HnkYn8Ia465jhOY6soDZrzdnsed6FJku-ltz!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN8HnkYn8Ia465jhOY6soDZrzdnsed6FJku-ltz%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya209.59631-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101891025065748829896/photos/@32.081894,34.957943,3a,15y,341.59h,71.01t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPkotE8TyqhBZuv2ZSI2dODkmavqzRPtDQ--oz-!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPkotE8TyqhBZuv2ZSI2dODkmavqzRPtDQ--oz-%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya161.20001-ro-0-fo100!7i12000!8i6000!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Panorama 2</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Muhammad in Julis</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ محمد</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' מוחמד</b><br />
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Quite an unusual maqam is located in the former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julis,_Gaza">Julis</a>, to the east from moderm Ashkelon. There is a stand where a Hebrew inscription reads, “<i>Beear (a well) Julis. A French explorer V. Guérin has visited Erez Yisrael (The land of Israel) 8 times and he described his visit to Kfar Julis in his book “Description of the land of Israel”, in “Judaea” volume which was published in 1868: “At 6:15 we reach Julis Gardens which are separated from each other with a cactus hedge. At 6:25 we enter in the village. It is located on the hill and populated with around 500 residents. In a wely dedicated to sheikh Muhammad I notice a row of ancient not big cut stones. A few wreckage of marble columns lie over the well and around a watering tub</i>”.</div>
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<i>It is a surprise that V. Guérin describes exactly the same what our eyes see 100 years after him. The building of Shiekh`s Muhammad tomb is united with a wely, there are burial niches inside the tomb and watering troughs around, and a wreckage of grindstone and marble columns near the well opening</i>”.</div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RACuF1DTXfk/W60NxLeEj3I/AAAAAAAAGUo/OG-oSPsIoYgIpm2xSLhRTkDU84Hyf66jgCLcBGAs/s1600/Julis%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RACuF1DTXfk/W60NxLeEj3I/AAAAAAAAGUo/OG-oSPsIoYgIpm2xSLhRTkDU84Hyf66jgCLcBGAs/s640/Julis%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fJGoE-tcoMk/W60sp5oy4mI/AAAAAAAAGVA/3gk1R4qIFYYThtP_cpepqaGBhargIH8ZQCLcBGAs/s1600/Julis%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fJGoE-tcoMk/W60sp5oy4mI/AAAAAAAAGVA/3gk1R4qIFYYThtP_cpepqaGBhargIH8ZQCLcBGAs/s640/Julis%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oGTti07RzBY/W60smNJcRPI/AAAAAAAAGU8/WBcyPVQqXXcY5GZM2cIewGZS9tu1FyqEwCLcBGAs/s1600/Julis%2B4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oGTti07RzBY/W60smNJcRPI/AAAAAAAAGU8/WBcyPVQqXXcY5GZM2cIewGZS9tu1FyqEwCLcBGAs/s640/Julis%2B4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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It is worth mentioning that the deep well is located directly in front of the building, on its northern side. The structure obviously never had a dome. There is no <i>mihrab</i> inside, but a few deepenings on the floor and some half-round niches in the western and eastern walls, which hardly can be taken for burial ones.</div>
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We should notice that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> is the only one who mentioned a shrine-<i>wely</i> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julis,_Gaza">Julis</a>. Other explorers did not speak about the maqam or sheikh`s tomb in terms of Julis. There`s no such shrine on the PEF or British maps of this region. It`s no doubt that V. Guérin is a trustworthy source. Though sometimes it happens that such authorities can be not precise or can add something extra to the facts (reference to Qubbat an-Najma).</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cCBVEPURuTI/W60NZw5cBWI/AAAAAAAAGUk/J8oxDA1njmYTjxh2OKGp6SKcay448iSTACEwYBhgL/s1600/Julis%2BMaqam.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="329" data-original-width="450" height="291" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cCBVEPURuTI/W60NZw5cBWI/AAAAAAAAGUk/J8oxDA1njmYTjxh2OKGp6SKcay448iSTACEwYBhgL/s400/Julis%2BMaqam.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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The building with the well is the only that has been saved from the Palestinian village Julis. On the detailed British map of 1942 there marked a mosque on the western border of Julis, about 100-150 m away from the well. One should keep in mind that British maps are rather accurate as they are made on the base of aerial photo shooting of the area.</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Rs7hXLHzvBU/W60NdYXlnUI/AAAAAAAAGUs/RNaPjXv8sdsfcZHvjtHrz-lk0iy8FHqzQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Julis%2B1942.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="732" data-original-width="1242" height="377" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Rs7hXLHzvBU/W60NdYXlnUI/AAAAAAAAGUs/RNaPjXv8sdsfcZHvjtHrz-lk0iy8FHqzQCEwYBhgL/s640/Julis%2B1942.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4tiVkd7I1MY/W60NhXFvjhI/AAAAAAAAGU0/y7Q2D4oUnRwPNr8eMGfdBn4uhHQ9kakZwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Julis%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1343" data-original-width="1295" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4tiVkd7I1MY/W60NhXFvjhI/AAAAAAAAGU0/y7Q2D4oUnRwPNr8eMGfdBn4uhHQ9kakZwCEwYBhgL/s640/Julis%2Bair.jpg" width="616" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>: The former Julis is located on the crossroad of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_3_(Israel)">Highway 3</a> and 232, near the crossroad of Hodaya. The building is not visible from the Highway. The most comfortable way to reach it is from the side of a Memorial near Highway 232.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 17.08.15</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°40'50.9"N 34°39'13.3"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.680794,%2034.653682&spn=0.029852,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i> <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/126/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 126–127 </a>; Khalidi 1992, 115–116; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 98</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/7/site/1474">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Muhammad al-Musli</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ محمد</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' מוחמד</b></div>
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On the territory of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkelon_National_Park">Ashkelon National Park</a> there is a former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jura">al-Jura</a>, nothing saved from it but one building half covered with sand and thorn bushes. It is the main Muslim shrine of al-Jura – the Maqam of sheikh Muhammad al-Musli which means “from Mosul” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/362/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 362</a>). This sheikh came to Palestine from Iraqi city <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul">Mosul</a>.<br />
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The maqam is well known to European explorers of the 19th century. In 1831 M. Michaud visited it and describes as “<i>the ruins of an ancient mosque standing on a sandy hill</i>” (<a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k201531m/f383.image">1834, V 380</a>). It means that by that time this shrine has already been a few centuries old.<br />
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9-J9f0vrqlE/W7I_N0GsTFI/AAAAAAAAGVQ/1jVZJQofjcYAhFCpjRI_jEgQJj8ovcqvQCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9-J9f0vrqlE/W7I_N0GsTFI/AAAAAAAAGVQ/1jVZJQofjcYAhFCpjRI_jEgQJj8ovcqvQCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In 1852 <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_van_de_Velde">C. Van de Velde</a> found this building being quite renovated. Then <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> mentioned this maqam, “<i>In the valley near the eastern gates (of Ascalon) there is a wely dedicated of Sheikh Muhammed; it stands in the shadow of a few beautiful algarobas and sycamores</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/142/mode/1up">Judee II 142</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> writes as follows, “<i>At Ascalon there is a tradition of a tomb found in the cemetery near Sheikh Muhammed el-Musli, immediately outside the walls on the east. An embalmed corpse was found there some thirty years ago, with a sword and ring. The persons who opened the tomb died soon after, and the tomb is now held sacred by the peasantry</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/255/mode/1up">SWP III, 255</a>).<br />
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It`s interesting that at that time the maqam was occasionally covered with sand. A French traveler L. Gautier describes, “I<i>n the shadow of a few wonderful trees, such as sycamores, algarobas and palm trees there is a picturesque welli, dedicated to Sheikh Muhammed. There are a few tombs around it, all covered with sand, a thih but compact layer (fr. ténu mais compact), so that neither horses nor people leave footprints like those in the snow</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/souvenirsdeterre00gautuoft#page/107/mode/1up">1898, 106–107</a>).<br />
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Photo of 1898</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-24bSYazPOF4/W7JAWMjeNKI/AAAAAAAAGVY/vPlwE5kCOJ0-wYcX6eivgd6E17ohFsrOACLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B1898.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="697" data-original-width="873" height="510" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-24bSYazPOF4/W7JAWMjeNKI/AAAAAAAAGVY/vPlwE5kCOJ0-wYcX6eivgd6E17ohFsrOACLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B1898.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1918</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ayv5hqMczrA/W7JA0hbfDDI/AAAAAAAAGVk/GDRTK-tCr7AiqjwcYzWXUC2cwjIv0Z64ACLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B1918.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="565" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ayv5hqMczrA/W7JA0hbfDDI/AAAAAAAAGVk/GDRTK-tCr7AiqjwcYzWXUC2cwjIv0Z64ACLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B1918.jpg" width="552" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1930s</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CoJjDuZppJY/W7JA3z76kUI/AAAAAAAAGVo/lWs-sejLL3MpOeU2BawFquxRXHUV2w2zgCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B1930s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="450" height="208" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CoJjDuZppJY/W7JA3z76kUI/AAAAAAAAGVo/lWs-sejLL3MpOeU2BawFquxRXHUV2w2zgCLcBGAs/s400/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B1930s.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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A russian traveler A. Olesnitsky commented this maqam, “<i>Before leaving Ascalon, we visited the newest Mahommedan mosque located in valley Vadi el-Nemel to the east from the city. The Mosque is dedicated to Sheikh Mohammed and surrounded with trees among which there is the newest cemetery of village Jura</i>” (II, 204). It's worth mentioning that in 1874 this maqam called mosque was taken by the traveler as a new recently built structure.<br />
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The Archaeological Survey of Israel says, “<i>Domed Sheikh’s tomb (partly ruinous and covered with sand) at foot of east wall of Tel Ashqelon, built of unhewn kurkar blocks and mortar, and coated with white plaster. The ancient portion of the structure is well built of dressed stones. On its north side is a courtyard enclosed by a stone fence; inside the courtyard are a cistern and a column of gray granite, protruding from the sand. Nearby, to east — a Muslim cemetery (c. 4 dunams): graves, whose tombstones are constructed of stone and cement</i>”.<br />
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Plan of maqam</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ebyG1DGbiH4/W7JBp2P7dWI/AAAAAAAAGV0/luHoBSMgcaUaT4SGTU_mg4BjNKIOsk3lgCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2Bplan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="693" data-original-width="450" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ebyG1DGbiH4/W7JBp2P7dWI/AAAAAAAAGV0/luHoBSMgcaUaT4SGTU_mg4BjNKIOsk3lgCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2Bplan.jpg" width="414" /></a></div>
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Now only a few tombstones from a Muslim cemetery are left. As for the maqam itself, it is consisted of, firstly, a domed chamber where there is a <i>mihrab</i> but a cenotaph is totally destroyed. Secondly, a high <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan">Iwan</a> sides with the domed chamber from the east, its wall decorated with beautiful curved arches. The east wall of <i>Iwan</i> is 5.80 m long. The entrance to the <i>Iwan</i> is through a wide arch in the north wall. There is also a <i>mihrab</i>, and it means that the <i>Iwan</i> was used a Prayer hall. A small yard used to border with the shrine from the north. But it is very difficult to find its vestige.<br />
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View from the north-e<span style="text-align: justify;">a</span>st</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6pGh-BGco4U/W7JDozg_ASI/AAAAAAAAGWE/IFSgxbqXFHojYFMeNEEUrj1R9EwSWtGUgCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6pGh-BGco4U/W7JDozg_ASI/AAAAAAAAGWE/IFSgxbqXFHojYFMeNEEUrj1R9EwSWtGUgCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dT98ePZeXhs/W7JDrBF1s8I/AAAAAAAAGWI/jxkgr49uN0QJhjuiK8Uv-u_RWBOzx1mHACLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dT98ePZeXhs/W7JDrBF1s8I/AAAAAAAAGWI/jxkgr49uN0QJhjuiK8Uv-u_RWBOzx1mHACLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Prayer hall</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sSpqmMLxRWM/W7JDeNo_keI/AAAAAAAAGWA/WlH7_trrN38gq7TdFaDZYVA7Qc-NMIYqQCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sSpqmMLxRWM/W7JDeNo_keI/AAAAAAAAGWA/WlH7_trrN38gq7TdFaDZYVA7Qc-NMIYqQCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6oaCltxoRug/W7JEaqKlZ1I/AAAAAAAAGWU/d_6bjycrkh4nWp29cxezcf1pzCC5hV39gCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6oaCltxoRug/W7JEaqKlZ1I/AAAAAAAAGWU/d_6bjycrkh4nWp29cxezcf1pzCC5hV39gCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Burial chamber</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-depe1PPrxUg/W7JEd-RdBVI/AAAAAAAAGWY/vnSMkkqwPYM8qJpRTx0c5erlMVcEv3K8QCLcBGAs/s1600/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-depe1PPrxUg/W7JEd-RdBVI/AAAAAAAAGWY/vnSMkkqwPYM8qJpRTx0c5erlMVcEv3K8QCLcBGAs/s640/Muhammad%2Bel-Musli%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The destiny of Muhammad al-Musli tomb is similar to those of Maqam al-Khidr (see above). Nevertheless, the structure has been still destroying even though it is located in the National Park. Parts of east and south walls of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan">Iwan</a> have been destroyed, the dome and east wall of domed chamber are badly damaged.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam borders with the fence and east gates of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkelon_National_Park">Ashkelon National Park</a>.<br />
<i>Visited</i>: 17.08.15<br />
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<i style="text-align: justify;">Coordinates</i>: 31°39'42.3"N 34°33'04.3"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.661746,%2034.551196&spn=0.010538,0.01575&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k201531m/f383.image">Michaud 1834, V 380</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/narrativeajourn01veldgoog#page/n197/mode/1up">Van de Velde 1854, II 179</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/142/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 142</a>; Olesnitsky 1878, II 204; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/255/mode/1up">SWP III, 255</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/362/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 362 (Sheet XIX)</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/palestineetsyri00baedgoog#page/n388/mode/1up">Baedeker 1882, 335</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/landbookorbiblic01thomuoft#page/171/mode/1up">Thomson 1883, 171</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/souvenirsdeterre00gautuoft#page/107/mode/1up">Gautier 1898, 106–107</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=j1rSzWgHMjoC&printsec=PP1&pg=RA1-PA142&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sharon, CIAP I, 142</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/13/site/2249">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Nabhan</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ نبهان</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' נבהן</b></div>
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During his travels in Palestine, V. Guérin visited a notable Muslim shrine in June 1863, which he described as follows: “<i>Let’s continue the walk southeast and reach wely of sheikh Neban at 7:30. Located on a low mound, it is topped by two small domes and might be a successor to earlier buildings, possibly a former Christian monastery. Around the fence, in which it is located, there is a Muslim cemetery, where the Arabs from nearby villages come to bury their dead</i>” (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YmIUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA256&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Judee II 256</a>).<br />
<br /><div style="text-align: center;">View from the north</div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TrfgLiRCi6o/YHsf8i7pLBI/AAAAAAAAHxU/wf8RD3l6Cjgz7eZVEy3LLCbEVVcaBnUFQCPcBGAYYCw/s4608/Nabhan%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TrfgLiRCi6o/YHsf8i7pLBI/AAAAAAAAHxU/wf8RD3l6Cjgz7eZVEy3LLCbEVVcaBnUFQCPcBGAYYCw/w640-h480/Nabhan%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The remnants of the once-luxurious two-domed maqam of sheikh Nabhan (“vigilant”) are located directly on the border between Israel and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, with a watchtower of Israeli army nearby. The ruins of the maqam are surrounded by cactus bushes, showing that this Muslim shrine has been abandoned for a long time. Both domes have collapsed, but the remains of one are visible in the northern part of the maqam, where the Burial chamber was located.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">View from the south</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ep2M9H4mWaQ/YHsgB8xgkhI/AAAAAAAAHxg/maMQXUuuk4sq4LSV8nxbFHsnPY7rcyqCQCPcBGAYYCw/s4608/Nabhan%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ep2M9H4mWaQ/YHsgB8xgkhI/AAAAAAAAHxg/maMQXUuuk4sq4LSV8nxbFHsnPY7rcyqCQCPcBGAYYCw/w640-h480/Nabhan%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>Inside<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W5p1-43twG4/YHsgBtSvqOI/AAAAAAAAHxY/auspvmlOjUwKN7b-FMxjxSfMAWW3etfYgCPcBGAYYCw/s4608/Nabhan%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W5p1-43twG4/YHsgBtSvqOI/AAAAAAAAHxY/auspvmlOjUwKN7b-FMxjxSfMAWW3etfYgCPcBGAYYCw/w640-h480/Nabhan%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The maqam is a complex structure consisting of a hallway, a spacious room (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zawiya_(institution)"><i>zawiya</i></a>) and a burial chamber. All these structures, which have already been destroyed by more than half, are continuing to be destroyed. The Muslim cemetery around the shrine, which Guérin observed, is now undetected. Guérin's suggestion that the maqam stands on the site of a former Christian monastery, is curious itself and can only be confirmed or rejected by archaeological excavations. However, such excavations are no longer possible, as the maqam territory is under the control of the Israeli army and is closed to civilians.</div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>The Burial chamber<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KNYS_bEV-Jk/YHsgKLnsM8I/AAAAAAAAHxc/m7Rh_l60nuw5pPtTtxqC4w3RyzUT9GIoQCPcBGAYYCw/s4608/Nabhan%2Bsheikh%2Bdome.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KNYS_bEV-Jk/YHsgKLnsM8I/AAAAAAAAHxc/m7Rh_l60nuw5pPtTtxqC4w3RyzUT9GIoQCPcBGAYYCw/w640-h480/Nabhan%2Bsheikh%2Bdome.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>View from the north-west<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U0_5P39C9Ao/YHsgLRA2FjI/AAAAAAAAHxg/sfSvibxAJaQpeDNhbUsqZm6PoPGmC63YwCPcBGAYYCw/s4608/Nabhan%2Bsheikh%2Bwest.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U0_5P39C9Ao/YHsgLRA2FjI/AAAAAAAAHxg/sfSvibxAJaQpeDNhbUsqZm6PoPGmC63YwCPcBGAYYCw/w640-h480/Nabhan%2Bsheikh%2Bwest.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><i>The route</i>. The maqam can be reached by following the military road along the separation fence from the Gaza Strip. But this road is controlled by Israeli border guards.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Video of 2019</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="446" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ip8XkRN4boM" width="537" youtube-src-id="Ip8XkRN4boM"></iframe></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>Visited</i>: 17.10.19<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31.425762460492578, 34.42469312834881<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1OnTBCbfTWyGZ8U_sNFUKAtN_a9o&ll=31.426803485929046%2C34.401320442910674&z=13">Google Maps</a>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YmIUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA256&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Guérin, Judee II 256</a>; <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YmIUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA262&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">II 262</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/362/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 362 (Sheet XIX)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 140</a></div><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Salаmа Abu Hashim</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ سلمه ابو هاشم</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' סלמה אבו האשם</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salama_Abu_Hashim">Salama Abu Hashim</a>, the companion of the Prophet Muhammad, was buried in a village named after him – <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salama,_Jaffa">Salama</a>. Now it is the Tel Aviv district of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfar_Shalem">Kfar Shalem</a>. The tomb is located inside the mosque, which is now closed from all sides. Entrance to the tomb in the north wall is bricked up.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I88D_0nCZb8/UQMbpD9C8LI/AAAAAAAABB8/dCl3OgO04YM/s1600/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+03+%2528south%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I88D_0nCZb8/UQMbpD9C8LI/AAAAAAAABB8/dCl3OgO04YM/s640/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+03+%2528south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-R-8RtdlcwCg/USDg-NUdZzI/AAAAAAAACQg/LqjcjxBKfjA/s1600/Salama+Abu+Hashim+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-R-8RtdlcwCg/USDg-NUdZzI/AAAAAAAACQg/LqjcjxBKfjA/s640/Salama+Abu+Hashim+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZhukNnnEcUA/UQMeWWjl6nI/AAAAAAAABCw/Piz2vmf0i_I/s1600/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+01+%2528north-east%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZhukNnnEcUA/UQMeWWjl6nI/AAAAAAAABCw/Piz2vmf0i_I/s640/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+01+%2528north-east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uC_HZOzBJHQ/UQMd_c3h-0I/AAAAAAAABCo/u60my8vjYg8/s1600/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+02+%2528north-west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uC_HZOzBJHQ/UQMd_c3h-0I/AAAAAAAABCo/u60my8vjYg8/s640/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+02+%2528north-west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In 1993 A. Petersen examined all the premises and gave such description: “<i>The mosque is a rectangular complex comprising, a walled courtyard, a maqam, and a Prayer hall. The main entrance is a gate in the north wall of the courtyard. To the left (east) of the entrance is the maqam and straight ahead is the Prayer hall. In the north-east corner of the courtyard is an entrance to a cistern. The maqam is a square domed building attached to the Prayer hall to the south. The interior is a spacious area with no extant traces of a cenotaph or grave. In the centre of the south wall is a plain plaster covered mihrab</i>.” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 271</a>).</div>
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Photo of 1993 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aTNAzR25RJc/UQMfedkG56I/AAAAAAAABDI/FLaFDxlDLxc/s1600/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+1993+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="370" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aTNAzR25RJc/UQMfedkG56I/AAAAAAAABDI/FLaFDxlDLxc/s640/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+1993+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior. Photo of 1993 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JSN_F64ZxJg/UQMfeC4nXeI/AAAAAAAABDE/BgnsumKjOGk/s1600/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+1993+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="408" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JSN_F64ZxJg/UQMfeC4nXeI/AAAAAAAABDE/BgnsumKjOGk/s640/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+1993+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The plan of the mosque (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Y0icV1yg8kU/UQMfc6tcs0I/AAAAAAAABC8/ZvCc_YBIo4Q/s1600/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+05+%2528plan%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="499" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Y0icV1yg8kU/UQMfc6tcs0I/AAAAAAAABC8/ZvCc_YBIo4Q/s640/Sal%25D0%25B0m%25D0%25B0+Abu+Hashim+05+%2528plan%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfar_Shalem">Kfar Shalem</a> drive to the central park – Rosh ha-Kfar Park. To the east of the park, across the street, there is a former Mosque of Salama Abu Hashim.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 11.08.12</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°02'59.8"N 34°48'20.4"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.049989,34.805589&spn=0.029863,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/160/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 160</a>; <a href="http://www.unz.org/Pub/VilnayZev-1932-00211?View=PDF">Vilnay 1932, 211–214</a>; Khalidi 1992, 254–256; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 271–272</a>; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9D">Kfar Shalem</a></div>
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<b>Maqam of an unknown sheikh in Ashdod</b></div>
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Remains of the Muslim shrine are almost invisible in sand dunes near a famous fortress <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minat_al-Qal%27a">Minat al-Qal‘a</a> (now – Mezudat Ashdod or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashdod-Sea">Ashdod Yam</a>). It is totally covered with sand, on the surface there are only the wreckage of the dome, hidden with thorn-bushes.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vepKcfgl6Ac/W7T23Y6Sf2I/AAAAAAAAGWs/GkpmQ76FbmYyk50kx4fB3tVTBMdZ9rnFgCLcBGAs/s1600/Maqam%2Bsheikh%2BAshdod%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vepKcfgl6Ac/W7T23Y6Sf2I/AAAAAAAAGWs/GkpmQ76FbmYyk50kx4fB3tVTBMdZ9rnFgCLcBGAs/s640/Maqam%2Bsheikh%2BAshdod%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The researchers of the 19th century did not mention this shrine, though often described Minat al-Qal‘a. Although <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">C. Clermont-Ganneau</a> watched a few objects nearby the fortress, which he wasn`t able to identify: “<i>Quite near, 011 the west, is a group of small mounds with numerous architectural fragments of marble, pointing to the existence of an important building, and quantities of mosaic cubes. This part ought to be explored</i> (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/191/mode/1up">ARP II 191</a>)”. Minat al-Qal‘a stands on the sea shore, the sea splashing to the west from the fortress. Obviously, C. Clermont-Ganneau made a mistake, and it should be “<i>to the east from the fortress</i>”.<br />
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The Archaeological Survey of Israel describes this object as follows, “<i>Remains of a sheikh's tomb (c. 8 × 12 m), apparently from the Early Islamic period, protruding from the sand east of the fortress at Ashdod Yam. The tomb's walls are constructed of small, unhewn kurkar stones bonded with lime-cement; strips of light-colored plaster, comprising sand, lime and seashells, survive. The structure is roofed with an ovoid dome (diam. 6 m), which has six oval transoms (each 0.2 × 0.2 m). Traces of a red geometric design were observed on the west side of the dome. Inside the building was the upper portion of the mihrab (prayer niche) and remnants of arches, which supported the dome</i>”.<br />
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Remember that now only the wreckage of the dome are on the surface. The mihrab and curved arches, if they are, are buried in sand and clay.<br />
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The wreckage of the dome</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-axoTPCSldn8/W7T2c4ivTxI/AAAAAAAAGWo/7GLzPQE71QEgnH7B7xTcRoRMU22UhPafwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Maqam%2Bsheikh%2BAshdod%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-axoTPCSldn8/W7T2c4ivTxI/AAAAAAAAGWo/7GLzPQE71QEgnH7B7xTcRoRMU22UhPafwCEwYBhgL/s640/Maqam%2Bsheikh%2BAshdod%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2cNyhyKHbu0/W7T3Hod7CHI/AAAAAAAAGW8/Y8xxD2CdL4wIj6AGEocfeOfPxW0bAQ5cwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Maqam%2Bsheikh%2BAshdod%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2cNyhyKHbu0/W7T3Hod7CHI/AAAAAAAAGW8/Y8xxD2CdL4wIj6AGEocfeOfPxW0bAQ5cwCEwYBhgL/s640/Maqam%2Bsheikh%2BAshdod%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-e8WvKvoDS9w/W7T4AvGgvXI/AAAAAAAAGXU/3BetxZTqJEEVDyfdfVRTqI4Uqd_fyErQQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Maqam%2Bsheikh%2BAshdod%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-e8WvKvoDS9w/W7T4AvGgvXI/AAAAAAAAGXU/3BetxZTqJEEVDyfdfVRTqI4Uqd_fyErQQCEwYBhgL/s640/Maqam%2Bsheikh%2BAshdod%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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And here come an intrigue. A. Petersen also mentioned this structure and defined it as a Bathhouse, “<i>Approximately 100m to the east of the fortress there are the fragmentary remains of a bathhouse. The ruins are filled in with sand up to a level just below the springing of the dome, part of which is still standing. The dome has a tall ellipsoidal profile and is perforated by several circular holes (0.25m diameter). The dome rests on scallop-shaped squinches and formed the roof of a small square room. To the south of the main chamber is a stretch of wall 2.9m long which is probably part of the same building. The walls of the building are made of thin blocks of kurkar stone similar to those used in the fortress. The dome is made from a mixture of kurkar rubble and white lime mortar with a high shell content</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 160</a>).<br />
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The fact that A. Petersen described this very object and not another one, is proved with references to oval holes in the dome which are observable nowadays as well.<br />
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So, what actually is this structure? An upper part of the mihrab in south wall is clearly observable on one of the old photos of this structure published in The Archaeological Survey of Israel. Consequently, it is indeed a Muslim shrine and not a Bathhouse, as A. Petersen thought. On the other hand, the dating age of the maqam (the early Islamic period) causes doubts. Photos and descriptions in the Archaeological survey of Israel have no confirmation to consider this structure more older than other similar coastal maqams ‘Abd an-Nabi in Tel-Aviv and sheikh ‘Awad in Ashkelon. All mentioned above was built in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>.<br />
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An upper part of the mihrab in south wall (in The Archaeological Survey of Israel)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pxpwNGKTozY/W7T3KzylkAI/AAAAAAAAGXA/-IM8pdqUgr4gGeRmcNBJuG8WuAph7k9AQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Maqam%2Bsheikh%2BAshdod%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="306" data-original-width="450" height="271" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pxpwNGKTozY/W7T3KzylkAI/AAAAAAAAGXA/-IM8pdqUgr4gGeRmcNBJuG8WuAph7k9AQCEwYBhgL/s400/Maqam%2Bsheikh%2BAshdod%2B08.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The structure is located 200 m (not 100 m, as A. Petersen said) to the east from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashdod-Sea">Ashdod Yam</a>, near Ha-Shalon Square.<br />
<i>Visited</i>: 17.08.15<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i> 31°46'47.5"N 34°37'24.8"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.779864,%2034.623549&spn=0.029852,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i> <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/191/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 191</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 160</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/8/site/1526">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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</div></div>https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-15872289334090454322013-01-24T16:23:00.001-08:002021-02-28T09:34:18.777-08:006. Maqams. Sharon Plain and Carmel<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Abdallah as-Sahili</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ عبد الله السهلي</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' עבדאללה</b></div>
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The main sanctuary of the former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balad_al-Sheikh">Balad ash-Sheikh</a> has surprisingly survived until our days. It is the maqam of sheikh ‘Adballah as-Sahili, a famous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism">Sufi</a> scientist at times of a Turkish sultan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selim_I">Selim I</a> (1512–1520). The maqam was built in 19th century, but there is evidence to believe that it was established during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-V9fFM2tV8w4/W7UNmIHDOcI/AAAAAAAAGXs/gEozR13YkTAjG16Sb4ofJaoSVO3ANeCTACEwYBhgL/s1600/Abdallah%2Bes-Sahili%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-V9fFM2tV8w4/W7UNmIHDOcI/AAAAAAAAGXs/gEozR13YkTAjG16Sb4ofJaoSVO3ANeCTACEwYBhgL/s640/Abdallah%2Bes-Sahili%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DvK7dmM7J3s/W7UPtJcUtjI/AAAAAAAAGYI/wb9OEDBGjeUqQHXaGgi-La5802sr0So9QCLcBGAs/s1600/Abdallah%2Bas-Sahili%2Bsh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DvK7dmM7J3s/W7UPtJcUtjI/AAAAAAAAGYI/wb9OEDBGjeUqQHXaGgi-La5802sr0So9QCLcBGAs/s640/Abdallah%2Bas-Sahili%2Bsh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A. Petersen studied the shrine in 1994, “<i>The tomb stands within a walled cemetery (the wall is modern) surrounded by tall blocks of flats. The south side of the shrine is cut into the rock of the hillside whilst the north side is built on a raised platform. On the south-west corner is a large buttress with sloping sides which appears to be of some considerable age. The main entrance is in the middle of the north side and consists of an arched recess (2m wide) with a rectangular doorway in the centre. Above the doorway, in the tympanum of the arch, is an opening in the form of an eight-pointed star. There is a smaller entrance on the east side reached by a small flight of steps, although this may originally have been a window. The interior is divided into three cross-vaulted bays. Each bay is roofed with a folded cross-vault with a small dome in the centre. In the middle of the south wall is a mihrab flanked with two square windows. In the west bay there are three cenotaphs or graves, one of which belongs to the shaykh. Ronen and Olami (1983, xvii, 40) refer to a rock-cut mihrab and steps leading to the roof of the shrine although neither of these was visible in 1994</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 108–109</a>).<br />
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-39r_ECWPCAg/W7UNp1OWYBI/AAAAAAAAGXw/2rDu3rBNwIkEJ1h_ZgYfHaW2_R0fSWs-gCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abdallah%2Bes-Sahili%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-39r_ECWPCAg/W7UNp1OWYBI/AAAAAAAAGXw/2rDu3rBNwIkEJ1h_ZgYfHaW2_R0fSWs-gCEwYBhgL/s640/Abdallah%2Bes-Sahili%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QKg9HnIgTrw/W7UNR5RFBNI/AAAAAAAAGXg/lreCSiS2x8MNtJW6FQHomqImCAOs48XbwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abdallah%2Bes-Sahili%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QKg9HnIgTrw/W7UNR5RFBNI/AAAAAAAAGXg/lreCSiS2x8MNtJW6FQHomqImCAOs48XbwCEwYBhgL/s640/Abdallah%2Bes-Sahili%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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West Side</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-us1mVk4fM-Y/W7UODqQ9CPI/AAAAAAAAGX8/rVS-6hwrA604DJEUvFJglFS0YygjF4OcwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abdallah%2Bes-Sahili%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-us1mVk4fM-Y/W7UODqQ9CPI/AAAAAAAAGX8/rVS-6hwrA604DJEUvFJglFS0YygjF4OcwCEwYBhgL/s640/Abdallah%2Bes-Sahili%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_d49aUf0a5c/W7UONUdrR4I/AAAAAAAAGYA/K_SrsTLFS0IfGNzXlSrnwE9JMMWPuX-1QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abdallah%2Bes-Sahili%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_d49aUf0a5c/W7UONUdrR4I/AAAAAAAAGYA/K_SrsTLFS0IfGNzXlSrnwE9JMMWPuX-1QCEwYBhgL/s640/Abdallah%2Bes-Sahili%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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We should add that there is no sigh of a cemetery, which used to be around the maqam, is left. Now the site in front of the maqam looks like a solid hard rock covered with grass and collapsed stone blocks. There is no tombstone there. As well as there is no plates or indicators with information about this shrine. The entrance to the maqam is beset by a iron bar, but in the east wall there is a big breach through which you can get into the shrine without any obstacles (what we actually did).<br />
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Plan of the maqam (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XjDTyp325K8/W7UYFD6rflI/AAAAAAAAGYU/cgn8NPyunDQNpwjfk2N8seuO0tQ-NYomQCLcBGAs/s1600/Abdallah%2Bas-Sahili%2Bsh%2Bplan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="450" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XjDTyp325K8/W7UYFD6rflI/AAAAAAAAGYU/cgn8NPyunDQNpwjfk2N8seuO0tQ-NYomQCLcBGAs/s640/Abdallah%2Bas-Sahili%2Bsh%2Bplan.jpg" width="588" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. An Israeli city <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesher">Nesher</a> now stands on the place of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balad_al-Sheikh">Balad ash-Sheikh</a>. The maqam of sheikh ‘Abdallah as-Sahili is located in the beginning of Zahal street, in the quarter, but it`s better to reach it via a lane leading to Giv‘on School.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 20.08.15<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°46'18.5"N 35°02'33.8"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.771816,%2035.042723&spn=0.059601,0.077162&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/beitrgezurkennt00mlgoog#page/n120/mode/1up">Mülinen 1908, 176</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde29deut#page/188/mode/1up">DPV XXX 189 (Mülinen 1907)</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesd01landgoog#page/n103/mode/1up">DPV XXXI 85 (Mülinen 1908)</a>; Khalidi 1992, 151–152; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 108–109</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/56/site/8245">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Amir</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ ﻋﻤﻴﺮ</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' עמיר</b></div>
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A German traveler, E. F. Mülinen was the first who reported about this maqam in 1908. When describing Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaba%27,_Haifa_Subdistrict">Jeba‘</a>, he commented, “<i>The maqam of sheikh Amer dominates the eastern slope of the mountain (Im Osten am Bergeshage). There is an inscription saying, “it was Ahmad al-Hamidi who ordered this structure on this place, in 1232 (1817)</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/beitrgezurkennt00mlgoog#page/n227/mode/1up">1908, 283</a>). It`s worth mentioning that in the early 20th century this building looked like a new one. Before, when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> described Jeba‘, he did not mentioned any shrine. The maqam appeared on the PEF map (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231669712/view">Sheet VIII</a>), and also in Palmer`s list (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/152/mode/1up">1881, 152</a>).<br />
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Actually, the maqam of sheikh ‘Amir is located on the western, not eastern, side of the hill. Now it can be considered as a newly built shrine. The initial blockwork survived only in one place of the north wall, from the entrance to the right. There is also a waterway, it is not known if it was since the very beginning. No other inscriptions are observable in the maqam.<br />
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MMK4IXqKLL0/W7U3lP2OHuI/AAAAAAAAGY8/Rezu54-lvx4tShIRuuzW4bbepRkGyVSAgCLcBGAs/s1600/Amir%2Bsheikh%2B1%2BJaba%252C%2BMizpe%2BOfer.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MMK4IXqKLL0/W7U3lP2OHuI/AAAAAAAAGY8/Rezu54-lvx4tShIRuuzW4bbepRkGyVSAgCLcBGAs/s640/Amir%2Bsheikh%2B1%2BJaba%252C%2BMizpe%2BOfer.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1908 (from the book by E. F. Mülinen)</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--9Hyz7o5k3I/W7U2dHsHVlI/AAAAAAAAGYg/cScNAckYTYUO955r6y_ULQJnpHyQ2DeAwCLcBGAs/s1600/Amir%2Bsh%2B1908%2BMulinen.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="562" data-original-width="445" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--9Hyz7o5k3I/W7U2dHsHVlI/AAAAAAAAGYg/cScNAckYTYUO955r6y_ULQJnpHyQ2DeAwCLcBGAs/s640/Amir%2Bsh%2B1908%2BMulinen.jpg" width="505" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1987 (from the book by W. Khalidi)</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MAmFzvtn-0E/W7U7j6KFf5I/AAAAAAAAGZc/EUmTzNjqK6IrDyscr2Tgjtgv_bSng258QCLcBGAs/s1600/Amir%2Bsheikh%2B%2BJaba%2B1987.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1010" data-original-width="1220" height="528" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MAmFzvtn-0E/W7U7j6KFf5I/AAAAAAAAGZc/EUmTzNjqK6IrDyscr2Tgjtgv_bSng258QCLcBGAs/s640/Amir%2Bsheikh%2B%2BJaba%2B1987.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tLnAieZHt7I/W7U4M2OFo5I/AAAAAAAAGZU/beShxX452Cg3uU12d8xZGsDbK4bvtlCXQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Amir%2Bsheikh%2Bnorth%2BJaba%252C%2BMizpe%2BOfer.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tLnAieZHt7I/W7U4M2OFo5I/AAAAAAAAGZU/beShxX452Cg3uU12d8xZGsDbK4bvtlCXQCEwYBhgL/s640/Amir%2Bsheikh%2Bnorth%2BJaba%252C%2BMizpe%2BOfer.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HZKLZIe0BEM/W7U34G9obWI/AAAAAAAAGZM/yTyrUykcwvIg2_LAuW2pE3cNxi8BgPzKQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Amir%2Bsheikh%2Beast%2BJaba%252C%2BMizpe%2BOfer.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HZKLZIe0BEM/W7U34G9obWI/AAAAAAAAGZM/yTyrUykcwvIg2_LAuW2pE3cNxi8BgPzKQCEwYBhgL/s640/Amir%2Bsheikh%2Beast%2BJaba%252C%2BMizpe%2BOfer.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ri9DGsVrWO8/W7U3dd9w2ZI/AAAAAAAAGZA/tKB_QwLq714rWCv0tVz9IDYWoPG8KpHXACEwYBhgL/s1600/Amir%2Bsheikh%2Bmihrab%2BJaba%252C%2BMizpe%2BOfer.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ri9DGsVrWO8/W7U3dd9w2ZI/AAAAAAAAGZA/tKB_QwLq714rWCv0tVz9IDYWoPG8KpHXACEwYBhgL/s640/Amir%2Bsheikh%2Bmihrab%2BJaba%252C%2BMizpe%2BOfer.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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It is quite a huge building (11 x 9 m), topped with an octagonal dome. There are curved arches inside the maqam, a small mihrab – in the south wall. In every wall there are small loophole windows.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. Tourist call this maqam “Sultan's house” due to its size. It stands near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_National_Trail">Shvil Israel</a>, opposite <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geva_Carmel">Geva Carmel</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geva_Carmel">Tzrufa</a> moshavs. An asphalt road leads from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_4_(Israel)">Highway 4</a> to Mizpe Ofer. From Mizpe Ofer we head to Shvil Irsael to the north around 0.5 km till a path with blue marking. We follow this path to the west and reach the maqam.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tN-joqtYLTs/W7U2hYmYDpI/AAAAAAAAGY0/30Ca3u0qTJM6XekqqF_PdvfayX1vwX-NQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Amir%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2BJaba.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tN-joqtYLTs/W7U2hYmYDpI/AAAAAAAAGY0/30Ca3u0qTJM6XekqqF_PdvfayX1vwX-NQCEwYBhgL/s640/Amir%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2BJaba.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°39'13.4"N 34°57'47.1"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.653711,%2034.963083&spn=0.059601,0.077162&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/152/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 152 (Sheet VIII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 138</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/beitrgezurkennt00mlgoog#page/n227/mode/1up">Mülinen 1908, 283</a>; Khalidi 1992, 165; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/5/site/1142">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Hilu</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ ﺣﻟﻭ</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' חילו</b></div>
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First sheikh Hilu was a name for a small Palestinian village. “<i>Sheikh Helu — A few mud hovels near the Mukam. It is not noticed in the official list of the district</i>”, — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> noticed (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/4/mode/1up">SWP II 4</a>). In the beginning of the 20th century the village ceased to exist, and around the sheikh`s tombs there was a Muslim cemetery on its place. The residents might have left the village due to enlargement of a Jewish settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadera">Hadera</a> which was established in 1890.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PBiVAfa30AE/W7thKZoiMlI/AAAAAAAAGZ0/MLgsVykltagmSS5jNvVgSBXJO-Z1hmu4wCLcBGAs/s1600/Hilu%2Bsheikh%252C%2BHadera%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PBiVAfa30AE/W7thKZoiMlI/AAAAAAAAGZ0/MLgsVykltagmSS5jNvVgSBXJO-Z1hmu4wCLcBGAs/s640/Hilu%2Bsheikh%252C%2BHadera%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3KSCQC4kFEE/W7tg1L4T53I/AAAAAAAAGZs/uFpPYolA040lxMbMJq7sOA7lkuKS54yjgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Hilu%2Bsheikh%252C%2BHadera%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3KSCQC4kFEE/W7tg1L4T53I/AAAAAAAAGZs/uFpPYolA040lxMbMJq7sOA7lkuKS54yjgCEwYBhgL/s640/Hilu%2Bsheikh%252C%2BHadera%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P9LQXWRbgmY/W7thE1H62nI/AAAAAAAAGZ8/f6lScPEPia0VTeHV70ccIFpzxUJn8fWHwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Hilu%2Bsheikh%252C%2BHadera%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P9LQXWRbgmY/W7thE1H62nI/AAAAAAAAGZ8/f6lScPEPia0VTeHV70ccIFpzxUJn8fWHwCEwYBhgL/s640/Hilu%2Bsheikh%252C%2BHadera%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the maqam</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0bUHJG_g6Sw/W7thkXGFvsI/AAAAAAAAGaE/J6aWYgfugPss1NCPERdukuuasFqH-REbQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Hilu%2Bsheikh%252C%2BHadera%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0bUHJG_g6Sw/W7thkXGFvsI/AAAAAAAAGaE/J6aWYgfugPss1NCPERdukuuasFqH-REbQCEwYBhgL/s640/Hilu%2Bsheikh%252C%2BHadera%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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It is difficult to say what was left from the original memorial. The Archaeological Survey of Israel says “<i>the tomb is built from dressed stones of secondary use</i>.” It`s worth mentioning that a while ago the maqam was in ruins, then the Muslims started to restore it. Now the walls are 1–1,5 m high. The north wall is 5,80 m long, the east – 6,20 m, south – 5,70 m. Three cenotaphs were re-erected inside the maqam. A rounded mihrab is located not in the centre of south wall, but a bit to the left. There are the remains of the Muslim cemetery around the maqam.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. It's not easy to find the maqam, though it is marked on the city map of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadera">Hadera</a>. It is not a tourist place, and nobody comes to it except rare Muslim pilgrims. In Hadera you should take ha-Giborin street until its northern end where urban area ends and plantation forests start. A deep non crossable ditch circles it almost all round. You can reach the cemetery only from the south side taking a hardly observable path though the loop-hole in the metallic bar fence.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NGmkma7oQ0w/W7thM-bgeUI/AAAAAAAAGZ8/j1NSG5CXOesabn6rDViCnx83pURNY4dKACEwYBhgL/s1600/Hilu%2Bsheikh%252C%2BHadera%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="973" data-original-width="1277" height="486" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NGmkma7oQ0w/W7thM-bgeUI/AAAAAAAAGZ8/j1NSG5CXOesabn6rDViCnx83pURNY4dKACEwYBhgL/s640/Hilu%2Bsheikh%252C%2BHadera%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 18.08.15<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°26'54.4"N 34°55'37.9"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.448446,%2034.927191&spn=0.059601,0.077162&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/4/mode/1up">SWP II 4</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/141/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 141 (Sheet VII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 138</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/24/site/3320">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Khalil</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ خليل</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' חליל</b></div>
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When describing a Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Tira,_Haifa">at-Tira</a> in Haifa district, the explorers of 19th–20th centuries often mentioned the maqam of sheikh Khalil, “<i>A village, at the foot of the mountain, with fine olive-groves round it, and a well on the west and a Mukam on the north. It is built of mud and stone, with numerous caves in the hill by it</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/285/mode/1up">SWP I 285</a>).<br />
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“<i>A bit higher, at the top, near caves there is a dome which decorates the maqam of sheikh Khalil; within the </i><i>village</i><i> there are also two holy tombs: one of shiekh Rabi‘a and another of sheikh Idrar</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/beitrgezurkennt00mlgoog#page/n94/mode/1up">Mülinen 1908, 150</a>).<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PcORm-Jkqx8/W7uXNv0ZVlI/AAAAAAAAGaU/2wjoAbWBDMQ9ZU2Su8GjpuTtGp95mA6XwCLcBGAs/s1600/Khalil%2Bsheikh%252C%2BTirat%2BCarmel%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PcORm-Jkqx8/W7uXNv0ZVlI/AAAAAAAAGaU/2wjoAbWBDMQ9ZU2Su8GjpuTtGp95mA6XwCLcBGAs/s640/Khalil%2Bsheikh%252C%2BTirat%2BCarmel%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1907</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rxI_YOXVP7U/W7ua6roa-MI/AAAAAAAAGbE/1d-m_5PYhuYkRI0kTR3g8Ku378kMF_8kgCLcBGAs/s1600/Tira%2Bsheikh%2BKhalil%2B%2528PV%2BXXX%2B159%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="856" data-original-width="619" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rxI_YOXVP7U/W7ua6roa-MI/AAAAAAAAGbE/1d-m_5PYhuYkRI0kTR3g8Ku378kMF_8kgCLcBGAs/s640/Tira%2Bsheikh%2BKhalil%2B%2528PV%2BXXX%2B159%2529.jpg" width="462" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1991 (from the book by W. Khalidi)</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BPb6ebaeHU0/W7ubAvCclGI/AAAAAAAAGbI/lWeTYjlUSaki2uN38Dkq6KyZKwipNiPsACLcBGAs/s1600/Tira%2Bsheikh%2BKhalil%2B1991%2BKhalidi.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1086" data-original-width="1600" height="434" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BPb6ebaeHU0/W7ubAvCclGI/AAAAAAAAGbI/lWeTYjlUSaki2uN38Dkq6KyZKwipNiPsACLcBGAs/s640/Tira%2Bsheikh%2BKhalil%2B1991%2BKhalidi.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Among all the Muslim shrines of at-Tira only the maqam of sheikh Khalil has survived. It actually stands to the north from the village, on the slope of the hill, where there are still some caves. The maqam is quite small (4.45 x 4.55 x 3,90 m). The walls are made of big stone blocks “kurkar”. A low doorway in the north wall leads to a cramped domed chamber without a mihrab or cenotaph. Over the doorway there is a narrow window. The corners of the walls are decorated with squinches. In the dome there is a wide hole used for lighting.<br />
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The memorial is in quite good condition. The residents of Tirat-Carmel use it as a waste disposal.</div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tEopatVcZZw/W7uXFcEqHpI/AAAAAAAAGag/ZfVJiTqUbR8OCN_E4jMTy8-awSGnZvO8ACEwYBhgL/s1600/Khalil%2Bsheikh%252C%2BTirat%2BCarmel%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tEopatVcZZw/W7uXFcEqHpI/AAAAAAAAGag/ZfVJiTqUbR8OCN_E4jMTy8-awSGnZvO8ACEwYBhgL/s640/Khalil%2Bsheikh%252C%2BTirat%2BCarmel%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the maqam</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jNgCEewnDE0/W7uXY8h29NI/AAAAAAAAGaw/7e7Qxctkl80MOwGbFckSdZesjcY1nAQFACEwYBhgL/s1600/Khalil%2Bsheikh%252C%2BTirat%2BCarmel%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jNgCEewnDE0/W7uXY8h29NI/AAAAAAAAGaw/7e7Qxctkl80MOwGbFckSdZesjcY1nAQFACEwYBhgL/s640/Khalil%2Bsheikh%252C%2BTirat%2BCarmel%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The dome</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NO4P4rwW7Po/W7uXOr95zVI/AAAAAAAAGas/dfLVltcbCH8O7_CdpBe9E2A6jq4DcyZ4QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Khalil%2Bsheikh%252C%2BTirat%2BCarmel%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NO4P4rwW7Po/W7uXOr95zVI/AAAAAAAAGas/dfLVltcbCH8O7_CdpBe9E2A6jq4DcyZ4QCEwYBhgL/s640/Khalil%2Bsheikh%252C%2BTirat%2BCarmel%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. A city park Nahal Galim is the centre of the former village at-Tira in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirat_Carmel">Tirat-Carmel</a>. There is a Muslim cemetery to the east from it, on the side of the hill there is the maqam of sheikh Khalil. The maqam is almost unobservable from the street, as it is hidden with a big reservoir. You can reach the maqam via two paths, both quite steep and difficult for pedestrians.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P1ICXjHLWIM/W7uZCFf_9JI/AAAAAAAAGa4/aJthCX8p9fUyLPm76SEHyOGjIhzcJ6ATQCLcBGAs/s1600/Tira%2Bmosque%2Bmap.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1369" data-original-width="1500" height="584" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P1ICXjHLWIM/W7uZCFf_9JI/AAAAAAAAGa4/aJthCX8p9fUyLPm76SEHyOGjIhzcJ6ATQCLcBGAs/s640/Tira%2Bmosque%2Bmap.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kCWAFYvY6Gc/W-xffS7jZzI/AAAAAAAAHAw/2lsFZ04lB0AI9LeqRSQuHLTi6mBVY1aQwCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Tira%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="973" data-original-width="1277" height="486" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kCWAFYvY6Gc/W-xffS7jZzI/AAAAAAAAHAw/2lsFZ04lB0AI9LeqRSQuHLTi6mBVY1aQwCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Tira%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 18.08.15<br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°45'46.5"N 34°58'35.5"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.762913,%2034.976540&spn=0.059601,0.077162&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/285/mode/1up">SWP I 285</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde29deut#page/159/mode/1up">Mülinen, DPV 1907, 159</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/beitrgezurkennt00mlgoog#page/n94/mode/1up">Mülinen 1908, 150</a>; Khalidi 1992, 196; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/14/site/2565">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Mas‘ud</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ مسعود</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' מסעוד</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> says about Khirbet al-Jelameh: “<i>A small domed building stands in the ruins</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/197/mode/1up">SWP II 197</a>). If he was talking about maqam sheikh Mas‘ud, we should say that now this construction is whole, thoroughly restored. However, nowadays only the back side of the maqam is visible. In front of the entrance, right next to the maqam, was built a shop for residents of Jalame – a Bedouin village to the south of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayibe">Tayibe</a>.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3h76C1xHEOA/UQGxq6D0ZkI/AAAAAAAAA1g/D7Z8vofB6OU/s1600/Masud+sheikh+01+%2528Jalame%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3h76C1xHEOA/UQGxq6D0ZkI/AAAAAAAAA1g/D7Z8vofB6OU/s640/Masud+sheikh+01+%2528Jalame%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1tMdYg-AbhY/UQGzImKtGJI/AAAAAAAAA2I/_-qIuukflYw/s1600/Masud+sheikh+02+%2528Jalame%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1tMdYg-AbhY/UQGzImKtGJI/AAAAAAAAA2I/_-qIuukflYw/s640/Masud+sheikh+02+%2528Jalame%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> Drive along Highway 444, one kilometer short of Tayibe take the left turn into the Bedouin village Jalame and search for the old cemetery. The maqam of sheikh Mas‘ud his is situated among the tombstones. See the exact location on the map.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 04.08.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°15'21.9"N 34°59'39.9"E<br />
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.256761,34.994631&spn=0.028671,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/197/mode/1up">SWP II 197</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/191/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 191 (Sheet XI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Musharraf</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ مشرف</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' מושרף</b></div>
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On the map of Palestine Exploration Fund (<a href="http://www.nla.gov.au/apps/cdview/?pi=nla.map-rm1949-f3-v">Sheet XI</a>) this maqam is called sheikh Mesherraf, on the <a href="http://www.nla.gov.au/apps/cdview/?pi=nla.map-vn1319394-s53-v">British map of 1941</a> – Sh. Musharif. These names are represented in the current Hebrew name of it: שייח' מושרף. E. Palmer translated: <i>Sheikh Mesherraf – “honoured”</i> (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/191/mode/1up">1881, 191</a>). The maqam dates back to the Ottoman period. For the residents of the nearby Palestinian village al-Majdal he was a local saint.<br />
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The maqam (5.04 x 5.15 x 3.10 m) was built on the ruins of a Byzantine church, which in its turn had been built on the ruins of the Samaritan synagogue dating back to the 5th century AD. Some of the Byzantine columns became the elements of the Muslim shrine. The cenotaph remained in the maqam but a mihrab is lost. There are the traces of previous buildings: three Samaritan ritual baths (<i>mikvaot</i>), and Byzantine fragments of columns, mosaics, a wine press and a columbarium. Moreover, archaeologists discovered the remains of a small Muslim cemetery around the maqam (Reports 1994, 14).<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b5GNWtXShuI/UQGvigdgXXI/AAAAAAAAA0E/fjOWVhBSYX8/s1600/Musharraf+sheikh+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b5GNWtXShuI/UQGvigdgXXI/AAAAAAAAA0E/fjOWVhBSYX8/s640/Musharraf+sheikh+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EIRIVOIAbP8/USD6CTSli4I/AAAAAAAACS4/YcO0Td8Yk7g/s1600/Musharraf+sheikh+12+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EIRIVOIAbP8/USD6CTSli4I/AAAAAAAACS4/YcO0Td8Yk7g/s640/Musharraf+sheikh+12+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4edcsSkGpG8/V1WKhBU942I/AAAAAAAAGHQ/CA7thEOJDAACy1-akITRDZfX6TgeWSWmACLcB/s1600/Musharraf%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="412" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4edcsSkGpG8/V1WKhBU942I/AAAAAAAAGHQ/CA7thEOJDAACy1-akITRDZfX6TgeWSWmACLcB/s640/Musharraf%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of the excavation. From <a href="http://www.tfahr.org/files/TFAHR.pdf">Reports</a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vINdP-INRx8/UQGxPpI0xII/AAAAAAAAA1I/B7VBZXrtllk/s1600/Musharraf+sheikh+11+%2528plan%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="378" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vINdP-INRx8/UQGxPpI0xII/AAAAAAAAA1I/B7VBZXrtllk/s640/Musharraf+sheikh+11+%2528plan%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
In 2005, the tomb was thoroughly reconstructed by Muslims: the walls were erected again with the use of cement, the dome painted green, the cenotaph also covered with a green cloth. After all these manipulations the maqam of sheikh Musharraf and the tomb of prophet Sawarka, located near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfar_Saba">Kfar Saba</a> (see Section 2 <a href="http://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/2-tombs-of-prophets.html">Tombs of the Prophets</a>), look very much alike. There is an impression that the same people were working with it. Both tombs have identical lintels above the entrances; both painted green. Finally, small square hollows in the internal walls for icon lamps or lanterns, indicates the identity of the two shrines.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8ql96G9_OLs/UQGvdn7NBBI/AAAAAAAAAz8/uCGZ87S6R_A/s1600/Musharraf+sheikh+02+%2528north%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8ql96G9_OLs/UQGvdn7NBBI/AAAAAAAAAz8/uCGZ87S6R_A/s640/Musharraf+sheikh+02+%2528north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-m2S2spLlhWc/UQHCZYQ0v_I/AAAAAAAAA3Q/VpII2369E1I/s1600/Musharraf+sheikh+03+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-m2S2spLlhWc/UQHCZYQ0v_I/AAAAAAAAA3Q/VpII2369E1I/s640/Musharraf+sheikh+03+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mH8gAXssPzU/UQGuwWH2sdI/AAAAAAAAAzw/1dyz3F3bm3U/s1600/Musharraf+sheikh+06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mH8gAXssPzU/UQGuwWH2sdI/AAAAAAAAAzw/1dyz3F3bm3U/s640/Musharraf+sheikh+06.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
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The cenotaph</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aUPX287R5EA/UQGuogOUQpI/AAAAAAAAAzo/FFjZJC0UJy8/s1600/Musharraf+sheikh+05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aUPX287R5EA/UQGuogOUQpI/AAAAAAAAAzo/FFjZJC0UJy8/s640/Musharraf+sheikh+05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In modern Israel there is an anecdote about sheikh Musharraf: “By the way, the sheikh buried here was known as sheikh Mansur. Where does the name sheikh Mushraf found on maps come from? British land surveyors from the Palestine Exploration Fund were aided by a resident of the neighboring Arab village of Tayibe. When they asked him for the name of the grave of the sheikh, he said, “Mush araf” (“I don’t know”). One of the surveyors put the name Musharaf in his notes and that’s how it appeared on the maps of Palestine — Eretz Israel — and still does to this very day”.<br />
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That is what Israeli guidebooks say. Of course, this is just a funny story. No tomb of sheikh Mansur has ever been in this area.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. From Highway 444 turn to the Route 5533 and keep straight forward along the last road between the settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzur_Yitzhak">Tzur Yitzhak</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzur_Natan">Tzur Natan</a> moshav, on the left (north) side.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 04.08.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°14'29.2"N 35°00'29.7"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.241481,35.008278&spn=0.059601,0.077162&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/191/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 191 (Sheet XI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a>; <a href="http://www.kotar.co.il/KotarApp/Viewer.aspx?nBookID=3448236&nPageNum">Magen 2002, 429–430</a>; <a href="http://www.tfahr.org/files/ZUR_NATAN.pdf">Preliminary Report on the Excavations at Zur Natan, Israel. 1990</a>; <a href="http://www.tfahr.org/files/TFAHR.pdf">Reports on the Excavations at Zur Natan, Israel. 1994</a>; INature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9F">Tzur Natan Park</a><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam sheikh Shahada ‘Abd al-Haqq</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مقام الشيخ شحادة عبد الحق</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>קבר שייח' שחאדה</b></div>
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The exterior of sheikh Shahada's tomb looks like a modern building: the walls and the dome are whitened. There are chairs in the building and a tank of water for the guests. However, this maqam is quite old. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi">W. Khalidi</a> mentioned it in his book when in 1987 he found this building quite decayed. It is the only thing that is left after a Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Ain_Ghazal">‘Ain Gazal</a>. On the photo in book by W. Khalidi we can see how the shrine looked before restoration.<br />
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oyk5__I1PeM/W7u_9n5xdbI/AAAAAAAAGb8/7js_-mh8x3YBdKFr6ShCGs4tOvxl017JQCLcBGAs/s1600/Shahada%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oyk5__I1PeM/W7u_9n5xdbI/AAAAAAAAGb8/7js_-mh8x3YBdKFr6ShCGs4tOvxl017JQCLcBGAs/s640/Shahada%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RKRwueZvKRo/W7u-NkaSmGI/AAAAAAAAGbg/36hbBNMxEN0ANyFcLfyQjavdm_In6buwwCLcBGAs/s1600/Shahada%2BAbd%2Bel-Haqq%2Bsh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RKRwueZvKRo/W7u-NkaSmGI/AAAAAAAAGbg/36hbBNMxEN0ANyFcLfyQjavdm_In6buwwCLcBGAs/s640/Shahada%2BAbd%2Bel-Haqq%2Bsh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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At one time the Jewish tried to appropriate and judaize this maqam, and the 2010 photo proves that. It was supposed to worship this shrine as a tomb of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon">Gideon, son of Joash</a>. But the Muslims succeeded to defend their shrine. Now a metal bar fence with a lock blocks the entrance.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Photo of 1987 (from the book by W. Khalidi)</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vG5DUJaZ2tI/W7u-M5xSM1I/AAAAAAAAGbk/eKy_OlLPwrErTGgUPkXQjz_IanWGhZZnACEwYBhgL/s1600/Shahada%2BAbd%2Bel-Haqq%2Bsh%2B1987.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="545" data-original-width="664" height="524" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vG5DUJaZ2tI/W7u-M5xSM1I/AAAAAAAAGbk/eKy_OlLPwrErTGgUPkXQjz_IanWGhZZnACEwYBhgL/s640/Shahada%2BAbd%2Bel-Haqq%2Bsh%2B1987.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Inside the maqam. Photo of 2010</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ybXfL_ZM7Wg/W7u-Lb-m3xI/AAAAAAAAGbk/fbK9G8HrQYwmFGvF2FFshYbse0yjbrl0gCEwYBhgL/s1600/Shahada%2BAbd%2Bel-Haqq%2Bsh%2B3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="333" data-original-width="495" height="268" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ybXfL_ZM7Wg/W7u-Lb-m3xI/AAAAAAAAGbk/fbK9G8HrQYwmFGvF2FFshYbse0yjbrl0gCEwYBhgL/s400/Shahada%2BAbd%2Bel-Haqq%2Bsh%2B3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Inside there are Muslim symbols. A new cenotaph is set in front of the <i>mihrab</i>. The size of the structure is 5,30 x 5,70 x 3,80 m.<br />
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FBbD_2Cmp_g/W7u_mOkF5EI/AAAAAAAAGb4/vrtkBxIi0GQJtPh6nKJ9j6Nz0kab9Y84wCEwYBhgL/s1600/Shahada%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FBbD_2Cmp_g/W7u_mOkF5EI/AAAAAAAAGb4/vrtkBxIi0GQJtPh6nKJ9j6Nz0kab9Y84wCEwYBhgL/s640/Shahada%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Y0tk6KIpnqQ/W7vACdZkNqI/AAAAAAAAGcM/_nAWVlpF7F46Cycnp-P3cyUjcPaYdTjYgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Shahada%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Y0tk6KIpnqQ/W7vACdZkNqI/AAAAAAAAGcM/_nAWVlpF7F46Cycnp-P3cyUjcPaYdTjYgCEwYBhgL/s640/Shahada%2Bsheikh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the maqam</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xqsW2xNI3h0/W7u_0XvjS_I/AAAAAAAAGcE/3549NEKomYsDO3_u6fAlzEX0sQ1OQSHJQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Shahada%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xqsW2xNI3h0/W7u_0XvjS_I/AAAAAAAAGcE/3549NEKomYsDO3_u6fAlzEX0sQ1OQSHJQCEwYBhgL/s640/Shahada%2Bsheikh%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. From Ofer crossroad of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_4_(Israel)">Highway 4</a> we take Route 7012 and almost from there turn to the asphalt road which leads to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofer">Ofer</a> moshav. We can see the maqam in a km on the right.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 18.08.15<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°37'54.1"N 34°58'04.3"E<br />
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.631702,%2034.967870&spn=0.028671,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a></div>
<i>References</i>: Khalidi 1992, 148; Inature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%2C_%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99">Ein Ofer</a>
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<b>Maqam sheikh Shams ad-Din al-Aiubi</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مقام الشيخ شمس الدين</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>קבר שייח' שמס אל-דין אל-איובי</b></div>
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The maqam is located on the territory of the protected cemetery, but if you solemnly declare to the Arab guards that you’ve come to worship the shrine, they’ll let you in. Almost nothing remained from the ancient tomb. Only on the four corners of the maqam on a certain height remained some stonework, but it is restored. The maqam wasn’t fully restored due to the lack of money or some other reasons. They confined themselves to placing an iron cabinet with a door and a window above the cenotaph inside the tomb. In 1991 A. Petersen saw the tomb in the same condition, though he didn’t state the sheikh’s name (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 180</a>).<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kWrhWYxcbf4/USD6GzXybgI/AAAAAAAACTA/rYKLoDjwGEY/s1600/Shams+el-Din+sheikh+05+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kWrhWYxcbf4/USD6GzXybgI/AAAAAAAACTA/rYKLoDjwGEY/s640/Shams+el-Din+sheikh+05+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The tomb of sheikh Shams ad-Din al-Aiubi is highly honoured by the residents of the Arab village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaljulia">Jaljulia</a> who take care of it. In the list of the landmarks of Jaljulia this maqam is on an important place. Another place of interest is the mosque of sheikh Abu al-'Awn (see Section 14 <a href="http://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2012/12/14-abandoned-mosques.html">Abandoned Mosques</a>: <i>Mosque of Abu l-' Awn</i>).<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-M2p2XzNQYfo/UQGz021_wQI/AAAAAAAAA2g/GpzEz4KZzag/s1600/Shams+el-Din+sheikh+03+%2528north%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-M2p2XzNQYfo/UQGz021_wQI/AAAAAAAAA2g/GpzEz4KZzag/s640/Shams+el-Din+sheikh+03+%2528north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-COIjGwnWI8M/UQGziabNIEI/AAAAAAAAA2Q/KUxOiMQYlok/s1600/Shams+el-Din+sheikh+02+%2528south-west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-COIjGwnWI8M/UQGziabNIEI/AAAAAAAAA2Q/KUxOiMQYlok/s640/Shams+el-Din+sheikh+02+%2528south-west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xJTktopOBYI/UQGz-c2RhjI/AAAAAAAAA2o/_hroUJU5Wdc/s1600/Shams+el-Din+sheikh+01+%2528south%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xJTktopOBYI/UQGz-c2RhjI/AAAAAAAAA2o/_hroUJU5Wdc/s640/Shams+el-Din+sheikh+01+%2528south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In front of the tomb</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DmMUhzyfwWU/UQGzsIrSs8I/AAAAAAAAA2Y/sUbqHgsZ1RA/s1600/Shams+el-Din+sheikh+04+%2528Djaljulia%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DmMUhzyfwWU/UQGzsIrSs8I/AAAAAAAAA2Y/sUbqHgsZ1RA/s640/Shams+el-Din+sheikh+04+%2528Djaljulia%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> From Highway 444 turn on the road leading to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaljulia">Jaljulia</a>, a little short of the village turn right (to the south) on the asphalt-paved road, and in 500 meters you’ll reach the protected cemetery.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 02.08.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i> 32°09'01.0"N 34°56'53.7"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.150218,34.948647&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/245/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 245 (Sheet XIV)</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 179–180</a>; <a href="http://www.antiquities.org.il/survey/new/default_en.aspx?pid=5276">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-2181977710295144752013-01-24T09:23:00.014-08:002023-08-10T11:54:49.738-07:0010. Rebuilt Maqams and Modern replicas of Maqams<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The first sign that an old Muslim shrine went through a thorough renovation or was rebuilt is the green color of its dome. The Palestinian Arabs started the tradition of painting the domes and the doors of a shrine green quite recently — ten years ago. In the old days all maqams had white domes. The travelers of the 19th and early 20th centuries note this (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/holylandbible01geikuoft#page/67/mode/1up">Geikie 1888, I 67</a>; <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3768451?seq=2">McCown 1922, 48</a>); this can be seen in colour drawings of that time.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PxFuk8vyGR4/UQEfdjkQDoI/AAAAAAAAAnY/3YsQfzHdl6Y/s1600/Original+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PxFuk8vyGR4/UQEfdjkQDoI/AAAAAAAAAnY/3YsQfzHdl6Y/s200/Original+01.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pjrGyaMjWw4/UQEfYnWpKQI/AAAAAAAAAnI/hrd2dIVmHvQ/s1600/Original+02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pjrGyaMjWw4/UQEfYnWpKQI/AAAAAAAAAnI/hrd2dIVmHvQ/s200/Original+02.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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It can be assumed that green as the colour of the domes of Palestinian shrines arose under the influence of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Dome">The Green Dome</a> built above the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad in Medina, which was painted green in 1837. Masses of domes of the Palestinian mosques were repainted green at the beginning of this century. The dome of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Jenin">Great Mosque of Jenin</a> became green in 2005. The domes of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidna_Ali_Mosque">Sidna ‘Ali Mosque</a> in Herzliya were painted green in 2007. The domes of the <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%90-%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94">el-Zaytuna Mosque</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezzar_Pasha_Mosque">Jezzar Pasha Mosque</a> in Acre turned green in 2009. The dome the Ras al-Amud Mosque in East Jerusalem is green since 2011. The central domes of the complex <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Musa">Neby Musa</a> (Prophet Moses), located in the Judean Desert, were painted green in 2009.<br />
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Many domes of mosques and Islamic shrines were repainted green by “Al-Aqsa Foundation”, based in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a>.<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-db3PFZQDn9M/UQEj5JU3uuI/AAAAAAAAAos/DmatnKKxH0k/s1600/Replicas+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-db3PFZQDn9M/UQEj5JU3uuI/AAAAAAAAAos/DmatnKKxH0k/s200/Replicas+01.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-datVDO16jrc/UQEj5LcFl9I/AAAAAAAAAoo/hyFpOi63Xbo/s1600/Replicas+02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-datVDO16jrc/UQEj5LcFl9I/AAAAAAAAAoo/hyFpOi63Xbo/s200/Replicas+02.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Abd ar-Rahman al-Mujarmi</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مقام الشيخ عبد الرحمن الدجاني</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>קבר שייח' עבד רחמן א -מוג'רימי</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantura">Tantura</a> was well known for European travelers a long time ago (even in the early 19th century), it was described many times, there left a lot of engraving plates and pictures of the seaside settlement. But we do not see the tomb of sheikh `Abd ar-Rahman al-Mujarmi on any of those pictures. E. Mülinen was the first who mentioned this shrine in 1907 (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde29deut#page/189/mode/1up">DPV XXX 189</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesd01landgoog#page/n237/mode/1up">1908, 310</a>). But there isn`t the tomb on the photos of Tantura published in his book. Though it would be interesting to compare how E. Mülinen saw this shrine and how we see it today.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-936Km82wfNM/W9Pt6qUTRTI/AAAAAAAAGx8/x9gg0YmSnCQchLpvhoo-SiHSWnQC4YBPACLcBGAs/s1600/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2BTantura%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-936Km82wfNM/W9Pt6qUTRTI/AAAAAAAAGx8/x9gg0YmSnCQchLpvhoo-SiHSWnQC4YBPACLcBGAs/s640/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2BTantura%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pjQAn1Sbib8/W9PtfDLgU_I/AAAAAAAAGxg/HEzZQBa8Dh0hKXIq5ZhjJxF0PJCL0u7EQCLcBGAs/s1600/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2B1%2BTantura.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="678" data-original-width="1024" height="422" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pjQAn1Sbib8/W9PtfDLgU_I/AAAAAAAAGxg/HEzZQBa8Dh0hKXIq5ZhjJxF0PJCL0u7EQCLcBGAs/s640/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2B1%2BTantura.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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After the Palestinians were exiled from Tantura, two Israeli settlements were established there: kibbutz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahsholim">Nahsholim</a> and moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dor,_Israel">Dor</a>. According to M. Benvenisti, the Arabs of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fureidis">Fureidis</a> (a neighbouring Palestinian village) told him that each time when an excavator started to demolish the maqam of sheikh ‘Abd ar-Rahman, its blade broke (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JFSQx01__JMC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">2000, 198</a>). Besides the maqam the seas-front house of the al-Yahya also survived. Some authors called this house “customs”.<br />
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A. Petersen explored the tomb of sheikh ‘Abd ar-Rahman al-Mujarmi in 1994 and describes it as follows, “<i>This is located approximately 20 m east of the sea-front building. The mausoleum is entered through a doorway in the middle of the south side. Inside are three graves aligned east-west. One grave is said to be that of the builder of the sea-front building. The dome rests on an octagonal drum supported on spherical pendentives. The transition from drum to dome is marked by a torus molding</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 293</a>).<br />
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A. Petersen visited this place when a seashore hotel complex had been already founded in moshav Dor. The tomb of sheikh ‘Abd ar-Rahman is inside of it. According to the photo in Petersen's book, he studies the same structure as we see today. The same concrete blockwork as we see today. And now there are three tombstones inside the tomb covered with green cloths. It shows that the Muslims visit the tomb. There are also respective photoreports.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SRKqPz072WU/W9PtTdnBNgI/AAAAAAAAGxY/fDvMx_8YfyMbmZ6QDV65DBdEpY4Q8llRQCLcBGAs/s1600/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2BTantura%2B1994.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="592" data-original-width="724" height="522" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SRKqPz072WU/W9PtTdnBNgI/AAAAAAAAGxY/fDvMx_8YfyMbmZ6QDV65DBdEpY4Q8llRQCLcBGAs/s640/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2BTantura%2B1994.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8dGMJ4Z8tIY/W9Ptgi3nvpI/AAAAAAAAGxk/iaeFpaaZIucxew424eWkYqnVbwAW6E6xQCLcBGAs/s1600/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2B2%2BTantura.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8dGMJ4Z8tIY/W9Ptgi3nvpI/AAAAAAAAGxk/iaeFpaaZIucxew424eWkYqnVbwAW6E6xQCLcBGAs/s640/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2B2%2BTantura.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-njL6It310R0/W9PtnEUmlQI/AAAAAAAAGxw/zy15LqnJo6QyeVDPjWFxuGdFAa8dXbE5ACLcBGAs/s1600/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2B3%2BTantura.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-njL6It310R0/W9PtnEUmlQI/AAAAAAAAGxw/zy15LqnJo6QyeVDPjWFxuGdFAa8dXbE5ACLcBGAs/s640/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2B3%2BTantura.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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It's interesting that there is no <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> in the maqam. Instead there is a little window in the south wall. A. Petersen did not tell anything about the mihrab either.<br />
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We can suppose that the original maqan of sheikh ‘Abd ar-Rahman al-Mudjarmi which E. Mülinen saw in 1907, was later completely rebuilt. It probably can be proceeded in time of the Israeli state, in 80s or early 90s in the 19th century; not a long tome before A. Petersen visited Tantura.<br />
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The Muslims (probably the people of Fureidis) rebuilt this shrine when the Palestinian commune was not subject to new influences , before the war of colors started, before domes of Muslim shrines started to be painted green. The dome of the tomb of sheikh ‘Abd ar-Rahman keeps a traditional white color.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tAMaRBGoGJ0/W9PtVUPHFeI/AAAAAAAAGxc/aHnbOvndICUOO9UuKaHWtpHBbRKUN46eQCLcBGAs/s1600/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tAMaRBGoGJ0/W9PtVUPHFeI/AAAAAAAAGxc/aHnbOvndICUOO9UuKaHWtpHBbRKUN46eQCLcBGAs/s640/Abd%2Bar-Rahman%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°36'33.1"N 34°55'01.7"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.609192,%2034.917132&spn=0.021015,0.0315&t=h&z=16&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde29deut#page/189/mode/1up">Mülinen, 1907; DPV XXX 189</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesd01landgoog#page/n237/mode/1up">Mülinen, 1908, 310</a>; Khalidi 1992, 195; <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JFSQx01__JMC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false">Benvenisti 2000, 198</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 293</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/5/site/1233">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.60931,34.9158517,3a,15y,68.08h,65.04t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPnMJwBFd4d0DdI7clUDr7bO5S0gPKyvMRTG5fq!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPnMJwBFd4d0DdI7clUDr7bO5S0gPKyvMRTG5fq%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-20-ya260-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/110682840523126460758/photos/@32.6092262,34.915802,3a,15y,107.76h,58.77t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipPXafkWPXqiGlsTcicF70h7YJ84AIsS9Dc4jyTY!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPXafkWPXqiGlsTcicF70h7YJ84AIsS9Dc4jyTY%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya280-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Panorama 2</a> <br /><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Abd as-Salam</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مقام الشيخ عبد السلام</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>קבר שייח' עבד אל-סלאם </b></div>
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The maqam of sheikh ‘Abd as-Salam was built in the district of Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Anata">‘Anata</a> in the early 20th century. It is still an active Muslim shrine and even is under renovation. The walls are whitewashed inside, the floor is tiled. A small site in front of the entrance is partly covered with the same tiles. In general the structure keeps the same size: 6.90 x 4.70 x 2.40 m. A renewed cenotaph is covered with a green cloth. It`s interesting that thereэs no <i>mihrab</i> in the maqam. It probably wasn't there originally.<br />
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YaKdwrrRVxo/W9SzmAZEdgI/AAAAAAAAGyU/IL7KKvSvx2QoHE5yHXlImVJCqRGQbWczgCLcBGAs/s1600/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bsh%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YaKdwrrRVxo/W9SzmAZEdgI/AAAAAAAAGyU/IL7KKvSvx2QoHE5yHXlImVJCqRGQbWczgCLcBGAs/s640/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bsh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1910s (from the book by McCown, 1922)</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sHknX4apOLo/W9Sztnh_t8I/AAAAAAAAGyo/_ebFhX3fLcAXfKynuUJltT9WpC1byfAswCLcBGAs/s1600/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bel-Rifai%2BMcCown.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="452" data-original-width="548" height="526" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sHknX4apOLo/W9Sztnh_t8I/AAAAAAAAGyo/_ebFhX3fLcAXfKynuUJltT9WpC1byfAswCLcBGAs/s640/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bel-Rifai%2BMcCown.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AmvQ4Z8z_zQ/W9SzuQt728I/AAAAAAAAGzA/P2pd0tpH-8swedU1pgGqT96iOxi3PU5HACEwYBhgL/s1600/Abd%2Basl-Salam%2Bsh%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AmvQ4Z8z_zQ/W9SzuQt728I/AAAAAAAAGzA/P2pd0tpH-8swedU1pgGqT96iOxi3PU5HACEwYBhgL/s640/Abd%2Basl-Salam%2Bsh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rvSWqj3jSOo/W9Szme4cezI/AAAAAAAAGy0/Lg1Ifwv4jAsal0xzBr8N2zkWUKRniAlTACEwYBhgL/s1600/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bsh%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rvSWqj3jSOo/W9Szme4cezI/AAAAAAAAGy0/Lg1Ifwv4jAsal0xzBr8N2zkWUKRniAlTACEwYBhgL/s640/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bsh%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hlD8LEVqhCs/W9Szm87SVFI/AAAAAAAAGy8/VEiDuSXInFknsrVovCxf4wxNguU_o5w_wCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bsh%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hlD8LEVqhCs/W9Szm87SVFI/AAAAAAAAGy8/VEiDuSXInFknsrVovCxf4wxNguU_o5w_wCEwYBhgL/s640/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bsh%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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At the time <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">T. Canaan</a> commented, “<i>In the neighborhood of as-sheikh ‘Abd as-Salam and outside the maqam is to be seen the tomb of his son Salman</i>” (1927, 23). Now this tomb is not observable anywhere.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam is located on the crossroad of Highway 437 and a road going to Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almon,_Mateh_Binyamin">‘Almon</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dM99wpzgCkA/W9Szrw1jzaI/AAAAAAAAGzA/I-11J7BenPkawSoWVYKvmsgzQS8NrUcJACEwYBhgL/s1600/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bsh%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="358" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dM99wpzgCkA/W9Szrw1jzaI/AAAAAAAAGzA/I-11J7BenPkawSoWVYKvmsgzQS8NrUcJACEwYBhgL/s640/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bsh%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OrtkIxX3zLo/W9SzsUGuwhI/AAAAAAAAGy4/W5FGjK2Ku8QuMFygKUxMg-10io_nrwwZQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bsh%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="358" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OrtkIxX3zLo/W9SzsUGuwhI/AAAAAAAAGy4/W5FGjK2Ku8QuMFygKUxMg-10io_nrwwZQCEwYBhgL/s640/Abd%2Bas-Salam%2Bsh%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 14.08.15<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°49'26.4"N 35°16'26.2"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.823992,%2035.273950&spn=0.01524,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/18j">Canaan 1927, 4</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/37j">23, 24</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/63/site/12652">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam sheikh Ahmad ad-Dajani</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مقام الشيخ أحمد الدجاني</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>קבר שייח' אחמד אל-דג'אני</b></div>
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Not far from Turbat al-Kubakiya (see Section <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/1-turbas-in-jerusalem.html">1. Turbas in Jerusalem</a>) near Jerusalem hotel “Leonardo Plaza” stands the tomb of sheikh ad-Dajani. Apparently, this maqam is a modern replica or a rebuilt construction, possibly of the size and configuration of the old maqam.<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MY_S5hQ_fXk/UQEnyhwT3YI/AAAAAAAAApQ/zO0Si7EEQeY/s1600/Dajani+sheikh+02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MY_S5hQ_fXk/UQEnyhwT3YI/AAAAAAAAApQ/zO0Si7EEQeY/s640/Dajani+sheikh+02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LbecS5f3Rjc/UQEoKMlwmQI/AAAAAAAAApY/GdLf2dJjdvU/s1600/Dajani+sheikh+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LbecS5f3Rjc/UQEoKMlwmQI/AAAAAAAAApY/GdLf2dJjdvU/s640/Dajani+sheikh+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">The maqam's interior</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c1MyQR0Wz7g/YEKhzc_I59I/AAAAAAAAHwQ/9_siJ1-d0k0EDwEtpufVx_5IY-c4smVuwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1500/Ahmad%2Bad-Dajani%2Bsh%2Binterior.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1030" height="707" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c1MyQR0Wz7g/YEKhzc_I59I/AAAAAAAAHwQ/9_siJ1-d0k0EDwEtpufVx_5IY-c4smVuwCLcBGAsYHQ/w487-h707/Ahmad%2Bad-Dajani%2Bsh%2Binterior.jpg" width="487" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
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Sheikh Ahmad ad-Dajani (1459–1561) was the head of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism">Sufis</a> in Jerusalem and recognized religious leader. Sultan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a> appointed him the keeper of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%27s_Tomb">David's tomb</a> on the Mount Zion.</div>
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Picture 1940</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dSVjTuSZ-QQ/Uyo8gxtGjNI/AAAAAAAACss/YKc1dP0d5dQ/s1600/Ahmad+el-Dajani+1940.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dSVjTuSZ-QQ/Uyo8gxtGjNI/AAAAAAAACss/YKc1dP0d5dQ/s1600/Ahmad+el-Dajani+1940.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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On the picture of 1940 we can see that the tomb was surrounded with a small Muslim cemetery. Now there is no trace of it left.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NCI27O3gXM4/USAxUpyc0eI/AAAAAAAACIg/NC3TEDlmju4/s1600/Dajani+sheikh+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NCI27O3gXM4/USAxUpyc0eI/AAAAAAAACIg/NC3TEDlmju4/s640/Dajani+sheikh+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 30.07.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°46'38.1"N 35°13'03.6"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.777076,35.217479&spn=0.005263,0.007875&t=h&z=16&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7772092,35.2178209,3a,75y,317.13h,94.54t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s3a2A_4JBKCWPk8mdkggIsA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama</a><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam imam ‘Ali in Ramla</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مقام الإمام علي - الرمله</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>קבר אימאם עלי</b></div>
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Another tomb of imam ‘Ali, or the tomb of another imam ‘Ali is situated in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramla">Ramla</a>. E. Palmer says: “<i>The name applies to the kubbeh or 'shrine' at Biaret Heiderah — the wells of the declivity</i>” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/214/mode/1up">1881, 214</a>). The structure was located on the old road from Ramla to Lod. In aerial photographs of Ramla of the 1940s can be clearly seen the object surrounded by the gardens.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KjdDd82_9W8/UQErJKWJr3I/AAAAAAAAAp4/0uMEW64WfhE/s1600/Ali+imam+Ramla+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KjdDd82_9W8/UQErJKWJr3I/AAAAAAAAAp4/0uMEW64WfhE/s640/Ali+imam+Ramla+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o_oTDMFbUcY/UQEsTujBpbI/AAAAAAAAAqY/xK-8JhNxEYU/s1600/Ali+imam+Ramla+07+%2528air%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="544" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o_oTDMFbUcY/UQEsTujBpbI/AAAAAAAAAqY/xK-8JhNxEYU/s640/Ali+imam+Ramla+07+(air).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-W68tlhlTH4Y/USD9-CE5POI/AAAAAAAACTM/KgV0tAqB1dU/s1600/Ali+imam+Ramla+08+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-W68tlhlTH4Y/USD9-CE5POI/AAAAAAAACTM/KgV0tAqB1dU/s640/Ali+imam+Ramla+08+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now it is a newly built maqam with the dimensions 5.23 x 5.12 m, the north side of which is adjacent to a sort of a hall (5.12 x 4.38 m). In the beginning it might have been a closed type of annex, like a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zawiya_(institution)"><i>zawiya</i></a>, with one big arch. The entrance to the maqam is on the north side. There are two windows – in the western and the eastern walls. In front of the <i>mihrab</i> there is a renovated cenotaph covered with green cloth.<br />
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-o6qVuc5-GJY/UQErpFsWzJI/AAAAAAAAAqA/uoJFy7mheUw/s1600/Ali+imam+Ramla+02+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-o6qVuc5-GJY/UQErpFsWzJI/AAAAAAAAAqA/uoJFy7mheUw/s640/Ali+imam+Ramla+02+(south-east).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MhYzbwMBLsU/UQEtymOeVSI/AAAAAAAAAqs/VMcEqB7sHuw/s1600/Ali+imam+Ramla+03+%2528west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MhYzbwMBLsU/UQEtymOeVSI/AAAAAAAAAqs/VMcEqB7sHuw/s640/Ali+imam+Ramla+03+(west).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1R_xIWkmic4/UQEs0Y8gHnI/AAAAAAAAAqg/tuDbbOjp6XM/s1600/Ali+imam+Ramla+04+%2528south%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1R_xIWkmic4/UQEs0Y8gHnI/AAAAAAAAAqg/tuDbbOjp6XM/s640/Ali+imam+Ramla+04+(south).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NEjXjj03qmE/UQEsP03eUkI/AAAAAAAAAqI/RmF4nAgsvU4/s1600/Ali+imam+Ramla+05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NEjXjj03qmE/UQEsP03eUkI/AAAAAAAAAqI/RmF4nAgsvU4/s640/Ali+imam+Ramla+05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Xo5_abm4frM/UQEsQu-hWHI/AAAAAAAAAqM/SzW-1mMeOBI/s1600/Ali+imam+Ramla+06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Xo5_abm4frM/UQEsQu-hWHI/AAAAAAAAAqM/SzW-1mMeOBI/s1600/Ali+imam+Ramla+06.jpg" /></a></div>
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Recently Arab youth from the villages of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_Hod">‘Ein Hod</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fureidis">Fureydis</a> (near Carmel) cleaned the maqam removing the dirt and debris. Arabic website <a href="http://www.ashams.com/art,46499">"Al-Shams"</a> illustrates how actively Muslim shrines are reconstructed and built anew in Ramla.
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In 2006 archaeological excavations were carried out close to the maqam. A Muslim children's cemetery of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk period</a> was discovered: the people buried here were not older than 15 (<a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=1501&mag_id=117">Hadashot Arkheologiyot</a>).<br />
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<i>Route.</i> Maqam is situated on a dirt road near the Highway 434, which leads from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lod">Lod</a> to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramla">Ramla</a>, 400 meters short of the intersection with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_44_(Israel)">Highway 44</a> (crossroads Ma'asiyahu or Ta'avorah). But it is not easy to get on this dirt road. First you need to turn from Highway 434 onto Lohamei Beitar, turn around on it and only then drive on that dirt road. The exact location see on my map.<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°55'54.5"N 34°52'41.5"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.931878,34.87803&spn=0.021015,0.0315&t=h&z=16&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/214/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 214 (Sheet XIII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA130#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 130</a>; <a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=1501&mag_id=117">Hadashot Arkheologiyot</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Bureik</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ بريك</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' בוריך</b></div>
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Khirbet Malha has a lot of interesting monuments. There is a group of well saved old Jewish tombs, remains of underground structures, Armenian tombstones. Though sometimes there appear illegal waste sites on the hill, and really spoil a wonderful landscape.<br />
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On the western side of the hill among cactus bushes there is the tomb of sheikh Bureik protected with a small metal bar fence. The travelers of the 19th century knew this maqam well. The sheikh buried there was called differently: “Abrak, Ibrak, Bureik, Burayk”. In 1908 E. Mülinen described the maqam as a small building with a white dome topped with a metal spire and a crescent (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/beitrgezurkennt00mlgoog#page/n217/mode/1up">1908, 274–275</a>). A detailed description was provided by A. Petersen who visited the maqam in 1994. After that the building was demounted to the base and rebuilt. Now we see a modern replica of the former monument.<br />
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View from the Highway 2</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-10JgvS5jtaM/W9TZD4xMMCI/AAAAAAAAGzw/Yk7hYWj0GVA5pVnxDHF6NQsz8tuPmfZvACLcBGAs/s1600/Bureik%2Bsh%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-10JgvS5jtaM/W9TZD4xMMCI/AAAAAAAAGzw/Yk7hYWj0GVA5pVnxDHF6NQsz8tuPmfZvACLcBGAs/s640/Bureik%2Bsh%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Khirbet Malha. Photo of 1990s</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oYeXhjYgjOk/W9TYLxHKb-I/AAAAAAAAGzY/bFFfhMzf5aUEtEAZeQb6ppYVzPhBBOLWwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bureik%2Bsheikh%2BAtlit%2B1990s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1043" data-original-width="1600" height="416" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oYeXhjYgjOk/W9TYLxHKb-I/AAAAAAAAGzY/bFFfhMzf5aUEtEAZeQb6ppYVzPhBBOLWwCEwYBhgL/s640/Bureik%2Bsheikh%2BAtlit%2B1990s.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1990s</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ofLBXxXedc0/W9TYMKi1JRI/AAAAAAAAGzU/Z9zKRRHR_rkXozlyeJmu5Dt0CmHagpJhwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bureik%2Bsheikh%2BAtlit%2B1990s%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1040" data-original-width="1600" height="416" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ofLBXxXedc0/W9TYMKi1JRI/AAAAAAAAGzU/Z9zKRRHR_rkXozlyeJmu5Dt0CmHagpJhwCEwYBhgL/s640/Bureik%2Bsheikh%2BAtlit%2B1990s%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The current structure should represent the configuration of the previous maqam. A. Petersen writes, “<i>The interior of the tomb has two shallow arches running east to west. At either end are shallow transverse arches leaving a square central area</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">2001, 215</a>). These arches are also in the new building. A. Petersen noted, “<i>On the west side there is a rectangular enclosure approximately the same size as the tomb</i>”. This enclosure has survived by now. The only disappeared thing is an inverted basalt olive press which in 1994 lied on the top of the maqam.<br />
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The size of maqam (without a western enclosure) is 5.45 x 4.10 x 1.83 m. On the north side there is a very low doorway just 1.23 m high through which we get into the domed chamber. The floor is covered with modern tiles, the ornament of which A. Petersen did not describe. There is no signs of cenotaph. A low, 0.85 m high <i>mihrab</i> in the south wall is probably a replica of the former, if it actually was in such a low structure.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GxTcXOTHuZw/W9TYcIxwKfI/AAAAAAAAGzo/r5kslWUgXTsPVHSqPGfaLCqpDkzIbnnAwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bureik%2Bsh%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GxTcXOTHuZw/W9TYcIxwKfI/AAAAAAAAGzo/r5kslWUgXTsPVHSqPGfaLCqpDkzIbnnAwCEwYBhgL/s640/Bureik%2Bsh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-S0m7uhm2foU/W9TYcCXkvRI/AAAAAAAAGzo/IxptjEPMwiMR5qVISSuoWNuYrS2M5jloACEwYBhgL/s1600/Bureik%2Bsh%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-S0m7uhm2foU/W9TYcCXkvRI/AAAAAAAAGzo/IxptjEPMwiMR5qVISSuoWNuYrS2M5jloACEwYBhgL/s640/Bureik%2Bsh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eZmRQkHNaXw/W9TYoLrV1VI/AAAAAAAAGzs/DzJxemD8lUsuzTYA2pEHxykCxDt7hIwzwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bureik%2Bsh%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eZmRQkHNaXw/W9TYoLrV1VI/AAAAAAAAGzs/DzJxemD8lUsuzTYA2pEHxykCxDt7hIwzwCEwYBhgL/s640/Bureik%2Bsh%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Western wall</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LZ5mUfOyYGA/W9TZF7032aI/AAAAAAAAGz8/TNE8-zGCPdgzkAA202yqaZqjtCg9VHL5wCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bureik%2Bsh%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LZ5mUfOyYGA/W9TZF7032aI/AAAAAAAAGz8/TNE8-zGCPdgzkAA202yqaZqjtCg9VHL5wCEwYBhgL/s640/Bureik%2Bsh%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam is made of local sandstone which the Israeli call “<i>kurkar</i>” (a hardened dune). Almost all seaside buildings are made of sandstone. A conservation here is even called “Shmurat Kurkar”.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. The tomb of sheikh Bureik is visible from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_2_(Israel)">Highway 2</a>, at the 85th km. But there is no turnoff. You can reach Khirbet Malha either through <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlit">Atlit</a> via a road leading to the cemetery located to the east from the hill; or from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_4_(Israel)">Highway 4</a>, through kibbutz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_Carmel">Ein Carmel</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UV-A7sjpCsg/W9TYLjr9Q_I/AAAAAAAAGzY/qsbAGHsA3XI9GQfx_yqIcYHZeZZVpyy9wCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bureik%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UV-A7sjpCsg/W9TYLjr9Q_I/AAAAAAAAGzY/qsbAGHsA3XI9GQfx_yqIcYHZeZZVpyy9wCEwYBhgL/s640/Bureik%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°40'26.1"N 34°56'20.5"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.673885,%2034.939026&spn=0.029873,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/116/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 218 (Sheet V)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 137</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/beitrgezurkennt00mlgoog#page/n217/mode/1up">Mülinen, 1908, 274–275</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 215–216</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh ‘Izz ad-Din</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ عز الدين</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' עז א-דין</b></div>
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According to the tradition, sheikh ‘Izz ad-Din was an officer in the troops of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin">Salah ad-Din</a>. He bravely fought against Crusaders, took part in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)">siege of Acre (1189–1191)</a> and was buried somewhere nearby.<br />
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In 1898 a French traveler L. Gautier described the shrine as follows, “<i>When passing the north city wall (of Acre) and a big waste land, we notice a small white monument map on the seashore, overlooking the sea and reefs, a few meters high. The map indicates that it is the wely of sheikh called ‘Izz el-Din</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/souvenirsdeterre00gautuoft#page/292/mode/1up">1898, 292</a>).</div><div style="text-align: justify;">
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The maqam was first marked in 1870 on the <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53029153q/f1.item.r">French map Galilea</a>. Though on this map the maqam was marked as the tomb of nabi Saleh, which is actually located on the Muslim cemetery to the east from Old <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre,_Israel">Acre</a>.<br />
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On the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund">PEF</a> maps (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231669140/view">Sheet III</a>, Kf) to the north from Acre there marked the tomb of ‘Azz ed-Din without a sheikh title. Also Palmer mentioned this object (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/41/mode/1up">1881, 41</a>). Name sheikh ‘Izz ad-Din appeared on the map of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine">British Mandate</a>. The Archaeological Survey of Israel reads, “<i>A square, domed building in which there is a gravestone. There are no signs of early phases nor are there any ancient sherds in the vicinity. Tombs dating to the Hellenistic period were exposed along the beach and a mausoleum was uncovered near the sheikh’s tomb</i>”.<br />
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uRYVh9EqoY4/W9YPmPj9x9I/AAAAAAAAG0c/brgcBiAnL6gNnxgohMV5xLQBpglTT0kggCLcBGAs/s1600/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%252C%2BAcre%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uRYVh9EqoY4/W9YPmPj9x9I/AAAAAAAAG0c/brgcBiAnL6gNnxgohMV5xLQBpglTT0kggCLcBGAs/s640/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%252C%2BAcre%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam on the French map Galilea 1870</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lfKvGxHiFB4/W9YPoLaZXnI/AAAAAAAAG00/4HK-90EqWykwrpVM4kj0Uf1TWsVHWi0RgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%252C%2BAcre%2B1870.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="722" data-original-width="1068" height="432" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lfKvGxHiFB4/W9YPoLaZXnI/AAAAAAAAG00/4HK-90EqWykwrpVM4kj0Uf1TWsVHWi0RgCEwYBhgL/s640/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%252C%2BAcre%2B1870.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1990s</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qo6IdcBArf4/W9YO9Pkd8xI/AAAAAAAAG0Q/3HLYeZIHoN032xLi3x8vlXwuAetfrfHlgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%2B1990s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="450" height="265" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qo6IdcBArf4/W9YO9Pkd8xI/AAAAAAAAG0Q/3HLYeZIHoN032xLi3x8vlXwuAetfrfHlgCEwYBhgL/s400/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%2B1990s.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1995 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5WkgiO4sKls/W9YO_XM6ImI/AAAAAAAAG0Y/udLapbsNRHYhZmjvmYc2ZohDzkTKkJX_ACEwYBhgL/s1600/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%2B1995%2BPetersen.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="822" height="464" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5WkgiO4sKls/W9YO_XM6ImI/AAAAAAAAG0Y/udLapbsNRHYhZmjvmYc2ZohDzkTKkJX_ACEwYBhgL/s640/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%2B1995%2BPetersen.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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After <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakba_Day">Nakba Day</a> (1948), the Muslims did not leave the shrine unattended. A. Petersen did not manage to get into the maqam and observed only its exterior, “<i>This maqam is located on the beach approximately 1.5 km north of the old city of Acre. This is a square (4.5 m per side) domed building standing in an area of open scrub. The entrance to the tomb (locked at time of visit) is on the south side and is protected with an iron door. There is a window on the west side from which it is possible to see that the floor level inside is considerably (0.5m) lower than the outside ground level. The tomb of sheikh ‘Izz al-Din is aligned east-west towards the rear of the chamber</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 84–85</a>).<br />
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The maqam of sheikh ‘Izz ad-Din was significantly rebuilt in 2011. The Muslims painted the dome green, tiled the walls (the same way as in the maqam of sheikh Baraz ad-Din; see <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/5-maqams-coastal-plain.html">5. Maqams. Coastal Plain</a>). Thus the renewed maqam was still a shrine though it lost it historical significance.<br />
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HyqwsUO3iD0/W9YPmqGCgQI/AAAAAAAAG0w/pr-H4YNB8UIpersrxjPTpBjySoWwGUbVACEwYBhgL/s1600/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%252C%2BAcre%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HyqwsUO3iD0/W9YPmqGCgQI/AAAAAAAAG0w/pr-H4YNB8UIpersrxjPTpBjySoWwGUbVACEwYBhgL/s640/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%252C%2BAcre%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cZkacYDyY2M/W9YPmg2X_3I/AAAAAAAAG00/O25j16JKapgeA492C0oA5SGdnpi7y0y7QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%252C%2BAcre%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cZkacYDyY2M/W9YPmg2X_3I/AAAAAAAAG00/O25j16JKapgeA492C0oA5SGdnpi7y0y7QCEwYBhgL/s640/Izz%2Bad-Din%2Bsh%252C%2BAcre%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Aerial view</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1QbCFGw6Z3DSilzvrkKTuUSCG_btGNR1PgdPFavY-QhYIswbvJhf9lhCYVGssuPfMRuffBHb6drpMiu8rpfTb7SVopJbu-EqNIVYqsF01b4yZJxlcvNf8qzgOvc3GLQsLzBdqOa7R62E0Ouz0KTjBItFsaW38Y0M4FEHCRjoepMjfCOQvLzC3ymIuoQ/s1366/Izz%20ed-Din%20Sheikh%202.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1QbCFGw6Z3DSilzvrkKTuUSCG_btGNR1PgdPFavY-QhYIswbvJhf9lhCYVGssuPfMRuffBHb6drpMiu8rpfTb7SVopJbu-EqNIVYqsF01b4yZJxlcvNf8qzgOvc3GLQsLzBdqOa7R62E0Ouz0KTjBItFsaW38Y0M4FEHCRjoepMjfCOQvLzC3ymIuoQ/w639-h360/Izz%20ed-Din%20Sheikh%202.jpg" width="639" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk9cL7v0371Omz9k1qICP84T_Baxs-qUl_NpJPNNHo4hmaZmZU4KwzeiM7LtY4B28kVWH74DrIupU07hYDteG3WoQJHqvvF5JC2SOW3A-gh-JMjgvi9yzdRHIcuMTCxXY0ie6-YcnQsCL17HmBxDLpXYIBkbFSpa4QJcC_oUrEZQOcC1InUQE3FlPXNg/s1366/Izz%20ed-Din%20Sheikh%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="349" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk9cL7v0371Omz9k1qICP84T_Baxs-qUl_NpJPNNHo4hmaZmZU4KwzeiM7LtY4B28kVWH74DrIupU07hYDteG3WoQJHqvvF5JC2SOW3A-gh-JMjgvi9yzdRHIcuMTCxXY0ie6-YcnQsCL17HmBxDLpXYIBkbFSpa4QJcC_oUrEZQOcC1InUQE3FlPXNg/w621-h349/Izz%20ed-Din%20Sheikh%201.jpg" width="621" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><i style="text-align: justify;">Route</i><span style="text-align: justify;">. The maqam stands on the seashore in the northern part of modern </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre,_Israel" style="text-align: justify;">Acre</a><span style="text-align: justify;">. You can reach it via streets Netiv Hativat Golani or ha-Hagana.</span></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 19.08.15<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°56'15.2"N 35°04'23.1"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.937554,%2035.073089&spn=0.021015,0.0315&t=h&z=16&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/41/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 41 (Sheet III)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA82#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 82</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/souvenirsdeterre00gautuoft#page/292/mode/1up">Gautier 1898, 292</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 84–85</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/4/site/893">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam sheikh Jamal ad-Din</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ جمال الدين</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>קבר שייח' ג'מאל א-דין</b><br />
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This maqam is marked in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund">PEF</a> maps of 1879 (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231670048/view">Sheet XI</a>) as one of ‘Amad ed-Din or ‘Amud ed-Din. E. Palmer noted, “<i>‘Amad ed-Din, meaning "the support of the Faith"</i>” (1881, 178). A new name sheikh Jamal ad-Din appeared during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine">British Mandate</a>. The shrine belonged to Palestinian village <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A9">Shuweika</a>.<br />
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Now it is quite a modernized structure fully rebuilt. A Burial chamber turned into a pavilion with 4 arches, covered with concrete; a high dome is painted first in blue, then in golden (not green!). At the same time a few tombstones that used to border the maqam from the east, turned to be inside of the building. The floor is covered with different tiles, leather armchairs stand in the corners.<br />
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DOrsy_qyYyw/XBZqXquLD5I/AAAAAAAAHKM/_R3FkE5aZ5E66yzUHAXw1XHVfMXYQN_CACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_4023.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DOrsy_qyYyw/XBZqXquLD5I/AAAAAAAAHKM/_R3FkE5aZ5E66yzUHAXw1XHVfMXYQN_CACLcBGAs/s640/IMG_4023.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ir8I4G0lw20/XBZptxUow1I/AAAAAAAAHKE/r5YMOKSfQRIR1-w0FeSB5BUYdwhNvE2DACEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_4048.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ir8I4G0lw20/XBZptxUow1I/AAAAAAAAHKE/r5YMOKSfQRIR1-w0FeSB5BUYdwhNvE2DACEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_4048.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-j1RZOTdWKuk/XBZpeKpK1wI/AAAAAAAAHJ4/NCXlws9Pi4coRfDXCGNpO2ghl8ugtiRDQCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_4045.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-j1RZOTdWKuk/XBZpeKpK1wI/AAAAAAAAHJ4/NCXlws9Pi4coRfDXCGNpO2ghl8ugtiRDQCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_4045.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-N81AuM6wGAE/XBZqZQ1D6LI/AAAAAAAAHKk/O9l3AC4x5l0BowSfz2pYTFgIwa6fUnCDgCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_4030.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-N81AuM6wGAE/XBZqZQ1D6LI/AAAAAAAAHKk/O9l3AC4x5l0BowSfz2pYTFgIwa6fUnCDgCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_4030.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R-FnOzqnGlw/XBZqizxT9bI/AAAAAAAAHKs/IyRBAhyxNdgUAE0z25vZp1QYcHzr4iyaQCEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_4036.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R-FnOzqnGlw/XBZqizxT9bI/AAAAAAAAHKs/IyRBAhyxNdgUAE0z25vZp1QYcHzr4iyaQCEwYBhgL/s640/IMG_4036.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The only thing saved by the builders is a holly palm tree, which used to be near the north-eastern corner of the maqam, but now it is also inside of the structure. There is no roof above the palm tree to make it feel spacious.<br />
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Thus, the maqam remained a Muslim shrine, but historically seized its existence.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vpvIilZPGxI/XBZqeOKkh1I/AAAAAAAAHKo/6WJ9L-CUpaMDoqzBscZPHAccq62pEV-HACEwYBhgL/s1600/Jamal%2Bad-Din%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1136" height="432" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vpvIilZPGxI/XBZqeOKkh1I/AAAAAAAAHKo/6WJ9L-CUpaMDoqzBscZPHAccq62pEV-HACEwYBhgL/s640/Jamal%2Bad-Din%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--FQ1MvXsvJQ/XBZqgbKj46I/AAAAAAAAHKo/WPKPRA7JMD0tSnzhmDWSf6WcEaZDoQbMACEwYBhgL/s1600/Jamal%2Bad-Din%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1136" height="432" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--FQ1MvXsvJQ/XBZqgbKj46I/AAAAAAAAHKo/WPKPRA7JMD0tSnzhmDWSf6WcEaZDoQbMACEwYBhgL/s640/Jamal%2Bad-Din%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='575' height='478' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzzxoE2xwwSfvY8D-2BrF4paCruUnOHEOYvcmrJM0MwNhc29KiszqVMIRP9pinjS2UBWxppyisWmLKkh0olFA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<i>Route</i>. From Zemer crossroad you follow abandoned Route 574 to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a>. 700 m before the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier">Separation border</a>, you turn to the west, to the road leading to Khirbet Kafr Sibb, where now there is a farm. 300 m to the west from this farm there is the structure.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 09.08.18<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°20'39.9"N 35°01'24.9"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.344411,%2035.023577&spn=0.021015,0.0315&t=h&z=16&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/178/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 178 (Sheet XI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 8</a>; <a href="https://kotar.cet.ac.il/KotarApp/Viewer.aspx?nBookID=99436339#113.509.6.default">Ariel 1996, 105</a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam sheikh al-Katanani</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ القطناني</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>קבר שייח' אל-קטנאני</b></div>
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Those who drive along <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_44_(Israel)">Highway 44</a> can see a Muslim structure located at the entrance to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holon">Holon</a>. Its construction began in 2005 and continues to this day. This is a thorough rebuilding of the Maqam sheikh al-Katanani related to the former Palestinian Arab village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazur">Yazur</a> (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/218/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 218</a>). Katanani's Family was very famous.<br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NcmJ7m2IxnA/UQE4DrDmE3I/AAAAAAAAAsQ/o_9dyh6FXqk/s1600/Katanany+sheikh+%2528GE%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NcmJ7m2IxnA/UQE4DrDmE3I/AAAAAAAAAsQ/o_9dyh6FXqk/s640/Katanany+sheikh+(GE).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ynfvGlBCAr8/USAxeaSgDPI/AAAAAAAACIo/1MNF15cu_PE/s1600/Katanani+sheikh+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ynfvGlBCAr8/USAxeaSgDPI/AAAAAAAACIo/1MNF15cu_PE/s640/Katanani+sheikh+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east. Photo of 2012</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ih8ZpMSYLmE/UQE36e9g2WI/AAAAAAAAArg/AodGLwDYNo0/s1600/Katanany+sheikh+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ih8ZpMSYLmE/UQE36e9g2WI/AAAAAAAAArg/AodGLwDYNo0/s640/Katanany+sheikh+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west. Photo of 2004 before reconstruction</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I5RkNOmmano/URa90fZdUTI/AAAAAAAACDA/ZBgZSgcaQKs/s1600/Katanany+sheikh+2004.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I5RkNOmmano/URa90fZdUTI/AAAAAAAACDA/ZBgZSgcaQKs/s640/Katanany+sheikh+2004.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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A. Petersen after examining the maqam in 1991 described it this way: “<i>It is built to a square plan with a shallow dome resting on an octagonal drum. On the north side of the building are some ruined concrete additions. The building is entered through a doorway in the middle of the north side. Inside there are windows on the west and east sides flanked by niches. In the middle of the south wall is a shallow niche decorated with inscriptions painted in henna. The dome rests on pendentives</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 312</a>).<br />
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Photo of 1991 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EUqAJ8_k7r0/UQE3-UEtYqI/AAAAAAAAAr8/b01AUXC_2a8/s1600/Katanany+sheikh+1991+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="516" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EUqAJ8_k7r0/UQE3-UEtYqI/AAAAAAAAAr8/b01AUXC_2a8/s640/Katanany+sheikh+1991+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab. Photo of 1991 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cLMqgEmtAg4/UQE388W46xI/AAAAAAAAArw/p9R8gsahyow/s1600/Katanany+sheikh+1991+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="406" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cLMqgEmtAg4/UQE388W46xI/AAAAAAAAArw/p9R8gsahyow/s640/Katanany+sheikh+1991+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab. Photo of 2012</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UwUAkkiYXro/UQ2L0Lop_tI/AAAAAAAAB8Q/KqQgv6XnjKU/s1600/Katanany+sheikh+03.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UwUAkkiYXro/UQ2L0Lop_tI/AAAAAAAAB8Q/KqQgv6XnjKU/s640/Katanany+sheikh+03.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of Yazur of 1948</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kicnhWpVub8/URcNCM957iI/AAAAAAAACEI/PFSKZ0uJcSY/s1600/Yazur+map+1948.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kicnhWpVub8/URcNCM957iI/AAAAAAAACEI/PFSKZ0uJcSY/s1600/Yazur+map+1948.jpg" /></a></div>
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In this figure, it is clear that near the maqam was a Muslim cemetery. It is completely destroyed.<br />
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Opposite the maqam, on the other side of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_44_(Israel)">Highway 44</a>, stands a synagogue with seven domes, the former Muslim shrine — the <b>Tomb of imam ‘Ali</b>. Speaking about this shrine or Maqam sheikh al-Katanani, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> mentions a “<i>kubbeh, which is said to have been once a church</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/258/mode/1up">SWP II 258</a>).<br />
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Photo of 1887</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GKIpcp4RI-E/UQE9JyPg_bI/AAAAAAAAAs0/w6SOVb7H2VM/s1600/Imam+Ali+1887+%28Holon%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="434" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GKIpcp4RI-E/UQE9JyPg_bI/AAAAAAAAAs0/w6SOVb7H2VM/s640/Imam+Ali+1887+(Holon).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1921</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j9DktrFSTmk/VDlzWl4t6cI/AAAAAAAACts/t_wjKaqJziQ/s1600/Imam%2BAli%2B1921.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="356" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j9DktrFSTmk/VDlzWl4t6cI/AAAAAAAACts/t_wjKaqJziQ/s1600/Imam%2BAli%2B1921.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k6ucmjRAk5M/UQE-fSnsIzI/AAAAAAAAAtY/uvmvoXmKRgY/s1600/Imam+Ali+1+%28Holon%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="380" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k6ucmjRAk5M/UQE-fSnsIzI/AAAAAAAAAtY/uvmvoXmKRgY/s640/Imam+Ali+1+(Holon).jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 01.08.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°01'17.0"N 34°48'17.8"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.021467,34.804988&spn=0.029873,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/258/mode/1up">SWP II 258</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/218/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 218 (Sheet XIII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books/ucpress?id=7itq6zYtSJwC&redir_esc=%20PP1&pg=RA1-PA292&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Benvenisti 2000, 292</a>; Khalidi 1992, 262; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 312</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.0218135,34.8054497,3a,75y,225.35h,90.59t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s-zgl54GP3Gq0VC8nWyyCCA!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Muhammad al-Qureishi</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ محمد القريشي</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אבו מחמד כוויכאני</b></div>
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The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze">Druzes</a> remade the abandoned maqam of sheikh Muhammad al-Qureishi into the tomb of their holy man 11th century called Abu Muhammad al-Kuweikani. The maqam referred to former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwaykat">Kuweikat</a>, on the place of which there is Israeli kibbutz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_HaEmek">Beit ha-Emek</a>. In 1987 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi">W. Khalidi</a> saw the renewed maqam and continued to call the sheikh “al-Qureishi”, “<i>The shrine of Shaikh Abu Muhammad al-Qurayshi still stands but its stone pedestal is badly cracked</i>” (1992, 22).<br />
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The Druzes strengthened the walls of the half destroyed maqam and made a so called platform, on which a new cenotaph and a stone bench for visitors were set.<br />
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6RUN1_V8UhA/W9YhXLAQ4nI/AAAAAAAAG1A/G_8mPxYzyJMJULklN2JH0N5dIq6cuewVwCLcBGAs/s1600/P1010053.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6RUN1_V8UhA/W9YhXLAQ4nI/AAAAAAAAG1A/G_8mPxYzyJMJULklN2JH0N5dIq6cuewVwCLcBGAs/s640/P1010053.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OUi3U7-bFFg/W9YhXYWtN8I/AAAAAAAAG1E/s_NKfX_BKr0qWEQDByT6pJUbc1W9G3MggCLcBGAs/s1600/P1010055.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OUi3U7-bFFg/W9YhXYWtN8I/AAAAAAAAG1E/s_NKfX_BKr0qWEQDByT6pJUbc1W9G3MggCLcBGAs/s640/P1010055.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The cenotaph</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-c66Ju_7RhEw/W9YhWqYDsBI/AAAAAAAAG08/d0DreOAZcoYil7Ec0WDqPOyMuXTrvBsWACLcBGAs/s1600/P1010057.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-c66Ju_7RhEw/W9YhWqYDsBI/AAAAAAAAG08/d0DreOAZcoYil7Ec0WDqPOyMuXTrvBsWACLcBGAs/s640/P1010057.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-V91ZooBiwGc/W9YhahY1b4I/AAAAAAAAG1I/11VOrS7HrB0eLJn6eVggmBtrQY-iymXCACLcBGAs/s1600/P1010058.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-V91ZooBiwGc/W9YhahY1b4I/AAAAAAAAG1I/11VOrS7HrB0eLJn6eVggmBtrQY-iymXCACLcBGAs/s640/P1010058.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The maqam is located at the entrance to kibbutz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_HaEmek">Beit ha-Emek</a>. You may turn to it from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_70_(Israel)">Highway 70</a>.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 20.08.15<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°58'13.2"N 35°08'52.0"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.970338,%2035.147787&spn=0.029873,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: Khalidi 1992, 22; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/4/site/1104">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
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<b>Maqam Mu‘az ibn Jabal (sheikh Mu‘alla)</b></div>
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<b>مقام مُعاذ إبن جبل - الشيخ معلى</b></div>
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<b>קבר אבן ג'בל - שייח' מעלא</b></div>
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Maqam was built in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk period</a>. Now it is considered to be dedicated to the memory of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muadh_ibn_Jabal">Mu‘az ibn Jabal</a>, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad, a Muslim commander who died of the infamous plague in the Emmaus in 639. However, earlier, in the 19th century, this place was known as the <b>tomb of sheikh Mu'alla</b> (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/328/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 328</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/483/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 483</a>).<br />
<br />Up until 2005 one could see the original monument, which was kept in relatively good condition. It was a popular tourist attraction. It is not known what prompted the modern Muslims to disassemble the maqam to the ground and rebuild it, preserving the existing proportions. The fact that it were Muslims, who did it, is proved by the presence of a green dome — a standard feature of all modern replicas of maqams. Also during reconstruction a number of architectural details of the old monument has been lost forever. Modern builders reproduced only the lintel above the entrance to the tomb: in the center of it there is a triangle enclosed in a circle; on the both sides of it are bowls or jugs.<br />
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tGNRoZ79ls8/UQFEuNnfykI/AAAAAAAAAuI/GoyvPV8uQwc/s1600/Ibn+Jabal+01+%2528west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tGNRoZ79ls8/UQFEuNnfykI/AAAAAAAAAuI/GoyvPV8uQwc/s640/Ibn+Jabal+01+(west).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-i5EQWHbrKAM/USD_E9RRtRI/AAAAAAAACUU/W0eo6Cpp1fU/s1600/Ibn+Jabal+04+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-i5EQWHbrKAM/USD_E9RRtRI/AAAAAAAACUU/W0eo6Cpp1fU/s640/Ibn+Jabal+04+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The lintel</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pQjlB--9xOA/UQFEqkMFxJI/AAAAAAAAAt8/xuH2aTB_Hb4/s1600/Ibn+Jabal+02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pQjlB--9xOA/UQFEqkMFxJI/AAAAAAAAAt8/xuH2aTB_Hb4/s640/Ibn+Jabal+02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9f1L7ac0PAc/UQFGgz-Zv0I/AAAAAAAAAvA/AVkRZVjoWSc/s1600/Ibn+Jabal+03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9f1L7ac0PAc/UQFGgz-Zv0I/AAAAAAAAAvA/AVkRZVjoWSc/s640/Ibn+Jabal+03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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M. Sharon examined the monument in the 1990s before its reconstruction and described it so: “<i>The sanctuary of Shaykh Mu‘alla. An oblong building, 11x7 m., with a spherical dome, built over the highest hill in the area and overlooking the Valley of Ayalon to its east and west, the hills of Samaria to its north, and the two major roads leading from the coast to Jerusalem on the east. There is no sign that there has ever been a tomb in the structure, which makes it a commemorative sanctuary. It consists of a central, almost completely square hall, 4.10x4.80 m., flanked by two chambers, with no partitions but clearly divided by pointed arches springing from pilasters and reaching a height of about 3 metres from the present ground level. The entrance to the sanctuary is through a gate, 1.96 m. high and 1.23 m. wide. It had an iron door, which was probably renewed a few times, with hinges from periods later than the time of the building</i>.<br />
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Photo of 1979</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tGAAWXlHw-0/VU0T-jOwAGI/AAAAAAAADk4/tVW0bQ6bamU/s1600/Ibn%2BJabal%2B1979.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tGAAWXlHw-0/VU0T-jOwAGI/AAAAAAAADk4/tVW0bQ6bamU/s640/Ibn%2BJabal%2B1979.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1990s. View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d6wUJBpNwjM/UQFEuH4REQI/AAAAAAAAAuE/yzPgiUVYsvo/s1600/Ibn+Jabal+1990.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d6wUJBpNwjM/UQFEuH4REQI/AAAAAAAAAuE/yzPgiUVYsvo/s640/Ibn+Jabal+1990.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>The building is massive, with walls that are 0.90 m. thick, built with well cut and cemented stones and fully plastered on the inside. It is a typical Mamluk building, with the dome rising over a frieze and resting on four pointed arches with pendentives. The central hall is the main prayer area. A very beautiful mihrab, l m. deep and 1.36 m. wide, was built directly opposite the entrance door. Its lower part is constructed of three rows of well-hewn solid local limestone, over which rests the semi-spherical dome of the mihrab and from which its pointed arch springs. The mihrab in the southern wall protrudes on the outside more than 0.60 m. out from the wall line</i>.<br />
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<i>The lintel of the entrance gate is decorated with three figures engraved in relief: a triangle inside a circle flanked by two candlesticks in a representation of gates</i>” (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=j1rSzWgHMjoC&printsec=PP1&pg=RA1-PA83&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">CIAP I 83–84</a>).<br />
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Photo of 2002. View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tiMKW3sAc28/UQFEvaQOooI/AAAAAAAAAuU/bWfJ7WPzGv0/s1600/Ibn+Jabal+2002+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tiMKW3sAc28/UQFEvaQOooI/AAAAAAAAAuU/bWfJ7WPzGv0/s640/Ibn+Jabal+2002+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 2002. The lintel</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UuMrMAxDbKI/UQFEvi1t5NI/AAAAAAAAAuY/Ai7fSH8n4yo/s1600/Ibn+Jabal+2002+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="430" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UuMrMAxDbKI/UQFEvi1t5NI/AAAAAAAAAuY/Ai7fSH8n4yo/s640/Ibn+Jabal+2002+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam is located on a hill and is visible from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_1_(Israel)">Highway 1</a> near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrun_Interchange">Latrun Interchange</a>. To get to it drive along a dirt road in the Ayalon Park (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_Park">Canada Park</a>).<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 07.10.11<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°50'08.8"N 34°59'30.1"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.835785,34.991455&spn=0.01524,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/328/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 328 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a>; <a href="https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/483/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 483</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=j1rSzWgHMjoC&printsec=PP1&pg=RA1-PA83&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Sharon, CIAP I 83–84</a>; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94_/_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F">Canada Park</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8358524,34.9916645,3a,75y,126.74h,99.51t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPwBLSEMPb4qhPYG7Zczd04tdR1ocaEjFYeatAx!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPwBLSEMPb4qhPYG7Zczd04tdR1ocaEjFYeatAx%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya78.79164-ro-0-fo100!7i10240!8i5120">Panorama</a><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam (Qubbat) sheikh Murad</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ مراد</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>קבר שייח' מוראד</b></div>
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Nowadays it's hard to get on the territory of the old Muslim cemetery in the south of Tel Aviv, because it is fenced and closed to the public. Here stands an impressive structure with two domes, known since 19th century — the maqam, or qubbat, of sheikh Murad. Its construction is attributed to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk period</a>. The first to report about this maqam was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">C. Clermont-Ganneau</a> in connection with the discovery of a part of bás-relief with inscriptions in Latin and a stone with an inscription of the 14th century in Arabic (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/152/mode/1up">ARP II 152–154</a>). Later the tomb of sheikh Murad appeared on British maps of Jaffa. According to A. Petersen, “<i>The tomb consists of a square chamber containing a tall dome supported on squinches. Inside is the cenotaph of shaykh Murad. The entrance is on the south side</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 169</a>).<br />
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Photo of 2000. View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-43XFItkQA20/UQFO9GdDDmI/AAAAAAAAAvo/leOwunMTPE0/s1600/Murad+sheikh+1+%2528Jaffa%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-43XFItkQA20/UQFO9GdDDmI/AAAAAAAAAvo/leOwunMTPE0/s640/Murad+sheikh+1+(Jaffa).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Recently, the tomb went through a thorough reconstruction: the masonry was set up again, both domes plastered, a steel door installed, the bars set on windows. Note also that the entrance to the maqam has always been on the north side.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-voO7MMKkg5M/UQFO8nNQQ4I/AAAAAAAAAvk/YSQKWNKLn5A/s1600/Murad+sheikh+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-voO7MMKkg5M/UQFO8nNQQ4I/AAAAAAAAAvk/YSQKWNKLn5A/s640/Murad+sheikh+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. Sheikh Murad Cemetery is located on neighborhood <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapira,_Tel_Aviv">Shapira</a>, between the streets Israel Misalant and Sderot Hachmei Lublin. In Tel Aviv “Sheikh Murad House” built in the 19th century and located 250 meters to the north of the cemetery is more well-known.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-023TiDzmXDQ/USAxt9N16aI/AAAAAAAACIw/ldSrrXWRY2Y/s1600/Murad+sheikh+03+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-023TiDzmXDQ/USAxt9N16aI/AAAAAAAACIw/ldSrrXWRY2Y/s640/Murad+sheikh+03+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RHx2CGHfqZw/VR7Jf6mb-pI/AAAAAAAADO4/uwVcedCHm40/s1600/Murad%2Bsheikh%2B04%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="464" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RHx2CGHfqZw/VR7Jf6mb-pI/AAAAAAAADO4/uwVcedCHm40/s1600/Murad%2Bsheikh%2B04%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Roy Maoz's documentary about Sheikh Murad Cemetery (Trailer)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="450" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IkeSxRnqWxg" width="541" youtube-src-id="IkeSxRnqWxg"></iframe></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Visited</i>: 11.08.12</div>
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°02'53.4"N 34°46'46.8"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.048207,34.779668&spn=0.029864,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/161/mode/1up">Palästina-Vereins II 161</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/152/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 152–154</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme05pale#page/270/mode/1up">Quarterly statement VI 270</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme29pale#page/246/mode/1up">Quarterly statement XXX 246</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 169</a>; Wikipedia: <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%97%27_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93">Sheikh Murad Cemetery</a><br />
<a href="https://vimeo.com/277852303">Roy Maoz's documentary about Sheikh Murad Cemetery (2013)</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4/@32.0480638,34.7798783,3a,75y,40.55h,91.53t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMRk6U-Mpfw3EIp4_NkedfKHWPyjAgHQAU1tQdg!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMRk6U-Mpfw3EIp4_NkedfKHWPyjAgHQAU1tQdg%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya200-ro0-fo100!7i6080!8i3040!4m11!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s107541251718649648289!3m1!1e1!3m4!1s0x151d4b3bdf2d3219:0x5afd0c89a4aa4171!8m2!3d32.0482065!4d34.7797041">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/107541251718649648289/place/ChIJ___b06JMHRURNi11toYNsmw/@32.048051,34.7799583,3a,84.4y,259.13h,108.69t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM8vFKGOZXXB6yDTLkSMP3SA5XNpntFhDN71Edm!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM8vFKGOZXXB6yDTLkSMP3SA5XNpntFhDN71Edm%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya327.17563-ro-0-fo100!7i6080!8i3040!4m6!1m5!8m4!1e2!2s107541251718649648289!3m1!1e1">Panorama 2</a><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Maqam sheikh Musa and maqam sheikh Ibrahim ad-Desoki</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ موسى ومقام الشيخ ابراهيم الدسوقي</b></div>
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In 1994 in Arabic city <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayibe">Tayibe</a> A. Petersen visited two Muslim shrines standing side by side and described them as follows: “<i>On a hill to the north of the old village is a rapidly growing new suburb. On the western part of this new development are two shrines, Shaikh Musa and Shaikh Desoki (sp.). Also, a more ephemeral shrine consisting of piled stones near the village was noted in the 1920s (McCown 1923, 65, Pl.22)</i>.<br />
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<i>Maqam Shaikh Musa. This shrine has recently been rebuilt in concrete. The shrine consists of a square building covered by a flat roof with a small pointed dome in the centre. The cenotaph of the sheikh is covered in a green cloth and lies next to another grave without a cloth. Although the present shrine is modern, it is likely that it replaced an earlier structure as a shrine of this name appears on Buckingham's map of Palestine (1821, map facing 1)</i>.<br />
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<i>Maqam Shaikh Desoki. This shrine stands several metres to the north of Maqam Shaikh Musa. This is a rectangular domed structure (5.8 m by 6.4 m) built out of stone with a modern coating of concrete. The north side is an open arch beneath which is the tomb of Shaikh Desoki. There are windows in the centre of the other three sides, each of which has a corbelled arch made by rounded cuts to the ends of two long stones. On the south and west sides are small ledges presumably designed to carry candles/lamps. The apex of the dome is approximately 4.4m above floor level. There is a graveyard on the north and south sides of the maqam</i>” (2001, 297–298).<br />
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Photo from the book by A. Petersen</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/eXMFaYsRRc8hZZvv2C5yXL4w6BFCQ3IY16xq5CHAYRGzZSodpGRfL03sse2EHXZu493MWdxM3gyn-s0R9BIyFdKJolDR_nA75FKGbZDTsHzdFgAKRH_yLweoTC3N9w2U=s16383" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="448" data-original-width="648" height="276" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/eXMFaYsRRc8hZZvv2C5yXL4w6BFCQ3IY16xq5CHAYRGzZSodpGRfL03sse2EHXZu493MWdxM3gyn-s0R9BIyFdKJolDR_nA75FKGbZDTsHzdFgAKRH_yLweoTC3N9w2U=s16383" width="400" /></a></div>
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This description corresponds to what we see today. The only thing to note is that the maqam of sheikh Ibrahim ad-Desoki is located a few meters not to the north, but to the west from the maqam of sheikh Musa.<br />
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The both shrines are rebuilt in the early 1990s, but as A. Petersen noted, these buildings replaced more aged ones. On the British map of Palestine there is a maqam of sheikh Musa marked in the village Fardisiya located to the north from Tayibe. This shrine was obviously built in the 1930s (as it is not marked on the PEF map).<br />
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We should add that now both maqams are painted white, and their domes are painted green. The time we visited the shrine, a shop was being built in the neighboring, and on the rooftop of the maqam of sheikh Musa some pallets were stored.<br />
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View from the south</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uM_v1uoNdq4/XBLu7HBx-dI/AAAAAAAAHHM/WjvA5eBJt04f_GS9CEzRAcaOrq6rxIpyQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_20180809_150629.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uM_v1uoNdq4/XBLu7HBx-dI/AAAAAAAAHHM/WjvA5eBJt04f_GS9CEzRAcaOrq6rxIpyQCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_20180809_150629.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior of the maqam of sheikh Musa</div>
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Maqam of sheikh ad-Desoki</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5th9JRmD25s/XBLu7KzK3II/AAAAAAAAHHQ/ALSSEMC0sI8-GHSU2iIuCGeBCyyQ47gwACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_20180809_150644.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5th9JRmD25s/XBLu7KzK3II/AAAAAAAAHHQ/ALSSEMC0sI8-GHSU2iIuCGeBCyyQ47gwACLcBGAs/s640/IMG_20180809_150644.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Entrance to the m<span style="text-align: center;">aqam of sheikh ad-Desoki</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NLFI_UbsL1Q/XBLu2-EJvwI/AAAAAAAAHHI/FwO1DUuoc7s9dDN_dU2QcTC65ZxiUCAqACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_20180809_150713.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NLFI_UbsL1Q/XBLu2-EJvwI/AAAAAAAAHHI/FwO1DUuoc7s9dDN_dU2QcTC65ZxiUCAqACLcBGAs/s640/IMG_20180809_150713.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior of the m<span style="text-align: center;">aqam of sheikh ad-Desoki</span></div>
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Cemetery near the <span style="text-align: center;">m</span><span style="text-align: center;">aqams</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0P7MtDUlIGk/XBLvXBIq29I/AAAAAAAAHHs/lkSHg6yEjQkJFlQa5k7HQSP2wDrjHU8agCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_20180809_150803.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0P7MtDUlIGk/XBLvXBIq29I/AAAAAAAAHHs/lkSHg6yEjQkJFlQa5k7HQSP2wDrjHU8agCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_20180809_150803.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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It's difficult to come into the maqams as there is a fence set to the north. We managed to squeeze through a narrow passage along the wall of the house.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1fWHQvGSEZc/XBLzrSgAzEI/AAAAAAAAHIA/XXUOWgiVPmwfZGkqEwLdJEwMRPm5UnOzQCLcBGAs/s1600/Musa%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2BTaybe.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1fWHQvGSEZc/XBLzrSgAzEI/AAAAAAAAHIA/XXUOWgiVPmwfZGkqEwLdJEwMRPm5UnOzQCLcBGAs/s640/Musa%2Bsheikh%2Bair%2BTaybe.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 09.08.18<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°16'38.4"N 35°00'46.9"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.277322,35.013027&spn=0.029864,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3768451?seq=19#metadata_info_tab_contents">McCown 1923, 65</a>, <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3768451?seq=33#metadata_info_tab_contents">Pl.22</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 297–298</a></div>
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<b>Maqam sheikh as-Sandahawi</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ الصنداهاوي</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' אל-סנדחאוי</b></div>
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Over the tomb of sheikh as-Sandahawi in the Arab town of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafr_Qara">Kafr Qara</a> a modern mosque with gilded dome and high white minaret was built. When we arrived, it was a time for prayer and local residents all came to the mosque, so we didn’t have a chance to have a good look at the tomb.<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9HAavEwApRw/UQFW16HaV_I/AAAAAAAAAwQ/ZHu5d_aPlaE/s1600/Sandahawi+mosque+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9HAavEwApRw/UQFW16HaV_I/AAAAAAAAAwQ/ZHu5d_aPlaE/s640/Sandahawi+mosque+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IjCetHRZq9E/UQFZ9fbTV6I/AAAAAAAAAw0/TbeKTMFNlkw/s1600/Sandahawy+mosque+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IjCetHRZq9E/UQFZ9fbTV6I/AAAAAAAAAw0/TbeKTMFNlkw/s640/Sandahawy+mosque+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-16FRoWMKXjw/VDeNxujbD6I/AAAAAAAACtc/um2Uq75sTLQ/s1600/Sandahawy%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="492" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-16FRoWMKXjw/VDeNxujbD6I/AAAAAAAACtc/um2Uq75sTLQ/s1600/Sandahawy%2Bsheikh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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But we have a detailed description from A. Petersen at our disposal, who examined the maqam in 1994 before the rapid construction started at this place. “<i>The tomb comprises two main parts, a domed chamber and a vaulted room to the east. The tomb chamber is built out of large square blocks of stone which have been recently repointed. The doorway is in the centre of the north side. Above the doorway is a small rectangular recess which probably contained an inscription (now removed). Large arches spring from four corner piers above which is a dome supported on pendentives (approximate interior height 5m). The mihrab is a deeply recessed niche (1.42m high) in the centre of the south wall. There are also small niches in the east wall and two on the south wall either side of the mihrab. The cenotaph of the shaykh is located in the south-west corner and is aligned east-west. The cenotaph has head and foot stones and a lid with a central ridge and sloping sides</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 284</a>).<br />
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Photo of 1994. View from the north (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nvebhsxPFEU/UQFap6ByX2I/AAAAAAAAAxA/qQbfLG-svEk/s1600/Sandahawy+sheikh+1994+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="396" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nvebhsxPFEU/UQFap6ByX2I/AAAAAAAAAxA/qQbfLG-svEk/s640/Sandahawy+sheikh+1994+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1994. The mihrab (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9Fn5KBPDhCQ/UQFarD_yDxI/AAAAAAAAAxU/dAcCgqWhQg0/s1600/Sandahawy+sheikh+1994+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="396" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9Fn5KBPDhCQ/UQFarD_yDxI/AAAAAAAAAxU/dAcCgqWhQg0/s640/Sandahawy+sheikh+1994+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of the maqam (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IIHxuiK6D8s/UQFaqCsKe6I/AAAAAAAAAxE/MSX_MsoiT6g/s1600/Sandahawy+sheikh+%2528plan%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IIHxuiK6D8s/UQFaqCsKe6I/AAAAAAAAAxE/MSX_MsoiT6g/s400/Sandahawy+sheikh+(plan).jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
Now the maqam is situated in the south-eastern corner of the prayer hall, the ceiling of which is combined with the roof of the maqam (no dome). Former entrance to the tomb on the north side is blocked. As the south wall of the maqam now coincides with the south wall of the mosque, the burial chamber is completely walled up. They could build a mosque next to the shrine, as in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim,_Nablus">Salim</a>, on the territory of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Palestine">Palestinian Authorit</a>y; or provide enough space for the shrine inside the mosque, as in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidna_Ali_Mosque">Mosque Sidna ‘Ali</a> in Herzliya, preserving, if possible, the appearance of the shrine and its architectural features; but instead, builders in Kafr Qara made the maqam entirely subordinated to the new building. In this case the structure of the shrine was radically changed. As a result the maqam as a monument is, in fact, lost.<br />
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Friday prayer in the as-Sandahawi Mosque. Right — the maqam</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FrZWbRyzwRA/UQFapM7c8lI/AAAAAAAAAw8/xZsurPKvvL0/s1600/Sandahawy+mosque+%2528Kafr+Qara%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FrZWbRyzwRA/UQFapM7c8lI/AAAAAAAAAw8/xZsurPKvvL0/s1600/Sandahawy+mosque+(Kafr+Qara).jpg" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_65_(Israel)">Highway 65</a> drive into <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafr_Qara">Kafr Qara</a>, reach the center of the city; then drive along the street marked on Google Maps as Tareq Ben Ziyad to the south-western part of the city till you reach the modern mosque. Note that the locals do not know the street with such name. So if you’re lost you'd better ask them where the <b>as-Sandahawi Mosque</b> is (مسجد الصندهاوي).<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 14.08.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°29'51.0"N 35°02'19.2"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.497872,35.038683&spn=0.013646,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme09pale#page/n107/mode/1up">Quarterly statement IX 98</a>; <a href="http://www.blogger.com/://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/153/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 153 (Sheet VIII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 140</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 284</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh Tamim (ad-Dari)</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ تميم الداري</b></div>
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<b>קבר שייח' תמימ אל-דארי</b></div>
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In works of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> and on the map of Palestine Exploration Fund (<a href="http://www.nla.gov.au/apps/cdview/?pi=nla.map-rm1949-i2-v">Sheet XX</a>) this maqam is identified as sheikh at-Teim (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/tentworkinpalest01conduoft#page/228/mode/1up">Conder 1879, I 228</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/379/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 379</a>). On the <a href="http://www.nla.gov.au/apps/cdview/?pi=nla.map-vn1319394-s103-v">British map of Palestine of 1941</a> it’s called Sh. Tamim. Probably they meant <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamim_al-Dari">Tamim ad-Dari</a>, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad, the Muslim commander who governed Hebron, Beit ‘Einun and their surroundings. He died in 661, and according to tradition was buried near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin">Beit Jibrin</a>.<br />
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However, M. Sharon notes that “<i>In the case of Bayt Jubrin, the village possessed these three types of sanctuaries, connected with Nabi Jibrin (Jubril), the sahabi Tamim ad-Dari, and two saints, Barraq and al-A'jam. To which all of the three (or more) of these three saints around Bayt Jubrin the inscription belongs it is very difficult to determine, in spite of the information that it originally belonged to the sanctuary of "Shaykh Tamim"</i>”. (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&printsec=PP1&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q=&f=false">CIAP II 142</a>)<br />
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gti-A_5xgH0/UQFhs9KronI/AAAAAAAAAx4/rOj_AKnraZg/s1600/Tamim+sheikh+01+%2528north-west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gti-A_5xgH0/UQFhs9KronI/AAAAAAAAAx4/rOj_AKnraZg/s640/Tamim+sheikh+01+(north-west).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_SbhmqwS_Sk/UQFhxXqZx1I/AAAAAAAAAyM/4uLHSL5mfyA/s1600/Tamim+sheikh+02+%2528south-west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_SbhmqwS_Sk/UQFhxXqZx1I/AAAAAAAAAyM/4uLHSL5mfyA/s640/Tamim+sheikh+02+(south-west).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The maqam's interior</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AUvRw8lpyVI/W_qs-nL6lpI/AAAAAAAAHDU/qwmQxro2TSQ1uIK8Uiz-YBIjjCUFUzeuQCLcBGAs/s1600/Tamim%2Bsheikh%2B04%2Binterior.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1215" data-original-width="1022" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AUvRw8lpyVI/W_qs-nL6lpI/AAAAAAAAHDU/qwmQxro2TSQ1uIK8Uiz-YBIjjCUFUzeuQCLcBGAs/s640/Tamim%2Bsheikh%2B04%2Binterior.jpg" width="538" /></a></div>
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This tomb has also been undergoing a complete reconstruction because it is situated on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_National_Trail">Shvil Israel</a> and is a popular tourist attraction. However, now the tomb is closed to the public, probably till the end of the restoration work. It is located at the Route leading from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleutheropolis">Beit Guvrin</a> to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Nir">Beit Nir</a>, a mile from Guvrin road junction. Nowadays there is no sign of the presence of Muslims at this place.<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xPGTO6VyzDY/USAyTpF4UCI/AAAAAAAACJY/qc7yxNEisQk/s1600/Tamim+sheikh+05+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="506" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xPGTO6VyzDY/USAyTpF4UCI/AAAAAAAACJY/qc7yxNEisQk/s640/Tamim+sheikh+05+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1994 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J2dLt3616AM/UQJ3PlxZqpI/AAAAAAAAA4g/4hkbwAE3SFw/s1600/Tamim+sheikh+1994.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="350" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J2dLt3616AM/UQJ3PlxZqpI/AAAAAAAAA4g/4hkbwAE3SFw/s640/Tamim+sheikh+1994.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of the maqam (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zhgClJDfd6Q/UQFhwhDjjlI/AAAAAAAAAyA/F0gUVLkAkVs/s1600/Tamim+sheikh+04+plan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zhgClJDfd6Q/UQFhwhDjjlI/AAAAAAAAAyA/F0gUVLkAkVs/s400/Tamim+sheikh+04+plan.jpg" width="361" /></a></div>
A. Petersen in 1994 saw already refurbished monument and here is his description: “<i>In the south-west corner of the enclosure is a large structure comprising three main elements: a portico, a tomb chamber, and a prayer room. The portico consists of a deep iwan covered with a cross-vault. There are three niches in the east wall, and a doorway at the back (south) leads into the tomb chamber.</i><br />
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<i>The doorway at the back of the portico leads into an area roofed with a wide arch which in turn opens into the main part of the chamber. This part is roofed with a dome. The hemispherical dome rests directly on a four spherical pendentives which have traces of muqarnas mouldings. There is a mihrab in the middle of the south wall flanked by two rectangular niches (one either side). There are also niches in the east wall as well as two more niches in the west wall. The west wall also contains a window. In the centre of the room is a large rectangular cenotaph aligned east-west with a headstone at the west end. The sides of the cenotaph are clad with marble panels and the headstone is a fragment of a marble column</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 122</a>).<br />
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Photo of 1987 (from the book by W. Khalidi)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bSLphin-wDc/UQFkkw6GFTI/AAAAAAAAAy0/NQMmSlyvA2E/s1600/Beth+Guvrin+shrine.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="497" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bSLphin-wDc/UQFkkw6GFTI/AAAAAAAAAy0/NQMmSlyvA2E/s640/Beth+Guvrin+shrine.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
In the photo of 1987 in the book by W. Khalidi we can see the remains of the shrine in the former Beit Jibrin, near the Israeli prefabricated houses; but this is apparently not the maqam of sheikh Tamim, but the tomb of one of the other above-mentioned saints. On the <a href="http://www.nla.gov.au/apps/cdview/?pi=nla.map-vn1319394-s103-v">British map of 1941</a> to the north-east of the maqam of sheikh Tamim stands the <b>tomb of sheikh Mahmud</b>. It mentions Victor Guérin (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr03gugoog#page/n327/mode/1up">Judee, II 316</a>). We were looking for this place to the north of the present kibbutz Beit Guvrin, but in vain.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 31.07.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°36'47.3"N 34°53'16.1"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.613773,34.888244&spn=0.027556,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr03gugoog#page/n327/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 316</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/tentworkinpalest01conduoft#page/228/mode/1up">Conder 1879, I 228</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/379/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 379 (Sheet XX)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 140</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/463/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II, 463</a>; Khalidi 1992, 210; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&printsec=PP1&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Sharon, CIAP II 142</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 122</a>; Wikipedia: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamim_al-Dari">Tamim al-Dari</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin">Bayt Jibrin</a><br />
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-46259880082547957792013-01-16T10:58:00.000-08:002019-03-23T10:27:18.809-07:0011a. Lost shrines. South<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Small buildings of a cubic shape with white domes located on the top of the hills are part and parcel of the Palestinian landscape. At least, so it was until 1948. According to J. Geikie, “<i>There is, however, in nearly every village, a small whitewashed building with a low dome — the "mukam," or "place," sacred to the eyes of the peasants. In almost every landscape such a landmark gleams from the top of some hill, just as, doubtless, something of the same kind did in the old Canaanite ages; or you meet it under some spreading tree covered with offerings of rags tied to the branches, or near a fountain; the trees overshadowing them being held so sacred that every twig falling from them is reverently stored inside the "mukam." Anything a peasant wishes to guard from theft is perfectly safe if put within such a holy building. No one will touch it, for it is believed that every structure of this kind is the tomb of some holy man, whose spirit hovers near, and would be offended by any want of reverence to his resting-place</i>.” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/holylandbible01geikuoft#page/578/mode/1up">1888 I 578</a>)</div>
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Travelers of the 19th and 20th centuries often depicted maqams, sometimes without even knowing their names and the name of a person buried there.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EKqvU7kWevM/UPblkc3_jCI/AAAAAAAAAfk/s-00tznbqnU/s1600/06+Maqam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EKqvU7kWevM/UPblkc3_jCI/AAAAAAAAAfk/s-00tznbqnU/s1600/06+Maqam.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-03IgGSZipmo/UPblgqX_VpI/AAAAAAAAAfc/cpoMuFH1YJo/s1600/05+Maqam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-03IgGSZipmo/UPblgqX_VpI/AAAAAAAAAfc/cpoMuFH1YJo/s1600/05+Maqam.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oMsYXLCqyHU/UPbmTMrbWNI/AAAAAAAAAfs/sEiOZlaye_k/s1600/00+Mukam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="374" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oMsYXLCqyHU/UPbmTMrbWNI/AAAAAAAAAfs/sEiOZlaye_k/s640/00+Mukam.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qd2aHVCXMAw/USas7iA7k4I/AAAAAAAACYk/u7z9CBqI9mg/s1600/13+Maqam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qd2aHVCXMAw/USas7iA7k4I/AAAAAAAACYk/u7z9CBqI9mg/s640/13+Maqam.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SI4LKNfTG78/UPbmq2RjGhI/AAAAAAAAAf0/j5LKg30k5Z4/s1600/10+Maqam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="406" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SI4LKNfTG78/UPbmq2RjGhI/AAAAAAAAAf0/j5LKg30k5Z4/s640/10+Maqam.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JjUlKDUypFY/UPbnDMRNjXI/AAAAAAAAAf8/u66ZuolQVA8/s1600/09+Koubba+Nabi+Gasser+1879.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JjUlKDUypFY/UPbnDMRNjXI/AAAAAAAAAf8/u66ZuolQVA8/s1600/09+Koubba+Nabi+Gasser+1879.jpg" /></a><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jkSBtLi2YOE/UPbndFB7rQI/AAAAAAAAAgE/P9RHE3fMwtw/s1600/11+Sarepta.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jkSBtLi2YOE/UPbndFB7rQI/AAAAAAAAAgE/P9RHE3fMwtw/s1600/11+Sarepta.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9lOCkRIH7_U/UPbnfEr3yNI/AAAAAAAAAgQ/4al-ea8EFbU/s1600/12+Tomb+Muslim+1940.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="461" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9lOCkRIH7_U/UPbnfEr3yNI/AAAAAAAAAgQ/4al-ea8EFbU/s640/12+Tomb+Muslim+1940.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kuMkXJ4HJz0/UPbneFXBEuI/AAAAAAAAAgM/dPhR51rrRkk/s1600/14+Maqam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="472" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kuMkXJ4HJz0/UPbneFXBEuI/AAAAAAAAAgM/dPhR51rrRkk/s640/14+Maqam.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pmk9udkaYAI/UPbpCBhhyJI/AAAAAAAAAgw/DNztqFuuKuw/s1600/20+%D0%A1elebrations+1943.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pmk9udkaYAI/UPbpCBhhyJI/AAAAAAAAAgw/DNztqFuuKuw/s640/20+%D0%A1elebrations+1943.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Many of these shrines have been lost forever. <b>Maqam sheikh Samat</b>, also known as the tomb of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson">prophet Samson</a>, doesn’t exist already for more than half a century. He used to stand in the former Arab-Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sar%27a">Sar'a</a>, on the top of the mountain now called Tel Tzor'a. Maqam nabi Samat was noted by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a>, J. Geikie and other researchers 19th century. We can see how this shrine used to look like in the drawings of the 19th century and 1920s.</div>
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Picture from The Survey of Western Palestine (1881)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cfiKDqV7WYk/UPbu_qHk0SI/AAAAAAAAAhU/gHWAp-Ni1_w/s1600/Neby+Samat+01+%28SWP%29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="438" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cfiKDqV7WYk/UPbu_qHk0SI/AAAAAAAAAhU/gHWAp-Ni1_w/s640/Neby+Samat+01+(SWP).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Picture by G. Harper (1894)</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dF2EEBiQHNw/UPbu_ChrqPI/AAAAAAAAAhQ/h0WRRVFe-iM/s1600/Neby+Samat+02+%2528Geikie%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="448" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dF2EEBiQHNw/UPbu_ChrqPI/AAAAAAAAAhQ/h0WRRVFe-iM/s640/Neby+Samat+02+%2528Geikie%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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“<i>A mukam, or shrine, of a Muslim saint stands on the south side of the village; a low square building of stone, with a humble dome and a small court, within an old stone wall, at the side. You enter the yard through a small door in this wall, up two or three steps, but beyond the bare walls, and a solitary palm-tree, twice the height of the wall, there is nothing to see. Sheikh Samat, whoever he was, lies solitary enough and well forgotten in his airy sepulchre, but the whitewash covering his resting-place marks a custom which is universal with Muslim tombs of this kind</i>.” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/holylandbible01geikuoft#page/67/mode/1up">1888 I 67</a>)</div>
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Photo of 1930s</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JOaYH60cbrc/VFOSbNPDdWI/AAAAAAAACu8/wYDjN6DS1NI/s1600/Neby%2BSamat%2B04%2B1930s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="428" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JOaYH60cbrc/VFOSbNPDdWI/AAAAAAAACu8/wYDjN6DS1NI/s1600/Neby%2BSamat%2B04%2B1930s.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo from the article by C. McCown (1922)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-si25EQJPa0Y/UPbykvBFBFI/AAAAAAAAAiA/ahjGyGmomyQ/s1600/Samat+sheikh+1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-si25EQJPa0Y/UPbykvBFBFI/AAAAAAAAAiA/ahjGyGmomyQ/s1600/Samat+sheikh+1920.jpg" /></a></div>
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J. Geikie presented such description of the shrine: “<i>A mukam, or shrine, of a Muslim saint stands on the south side of the village; a low square building of stone, with a humble dome and a small court, within an old stone wall, at the side. You enter the yard through a small door in this wall, up two or three steps, but beyond the bare walls, and a solitary palm-tree, twice the height of the wall, there is nothing to see. Sheikh Samat, whoever he was, lies solitary enough and well forgotten in his airy sepulchre, but the whitewash covering his resting-place marks a custom which is universal with Muslim tombs of this kind</i>.” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/holylandbible01geikuoft#page/67/mode/1up">1888, I 67</a>)<br />
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The Jews accepted Muslim tradition. Now Tel Tzora is a home for Jewish shrines — the tomb of the biblical hero <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson">prophet Samson</a> and his father Manoah, but these are nothing but two modern tombstones painted blue. Former luxurious maqam is long gone. Even its foundation cannot be seen anywhere.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EkM5Gd0Qtcc/UPb0bmNDoXI/AAAAAAAAAig/-Y2w5j5iXdU/s1600/Samson+and+Mahoah+tomb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EkM5Gd0Qtcc/UPb0bmNDoXI/AAAAAAAAAig/-Y2w5j5iXdU/s640/Samson+and+Mahoah+tomb.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Note also that in <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/150/mode/1up">The Survey of Western Palestine III 150</a> there is an unfortunate blunder. The description of the well-known tomb of the prophet Samuel, to the north of Jerusalem, is illustrated with the photos of the tomb of Samson (nabi Samat) located in the village Sar'a.</div>
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°46'27.0"N 34°59'07.0"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.773893,34.985254&spn=0.010526,0.01575&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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Nothing remained of the <b>Maqam sheikh Abu Hilal</b> on Hurvat Sokoh (Sokho) (31°40'31.1"N 34°58'39.7"E). Only the drawing of the end of 19th century in “Picturesque Palestine” gives us an idea of what it used to look like (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales03wilsuoft#page/159/mode/1up">Wilson III 159</a>).</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-o6DWp7p_l9U/UPcsbvB-iZI/AAAAAAAAAjA/qIqQUnqHrPo/s1600/Shocoh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="544" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-o6DWp7p_l9U/UPcsbvB-iZI/AAAAAAAAAjA/qIqQUnqHrPo/s640/Shocoh.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.675553,34.978194&spn=0.021073,0.0315&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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The <b>Maqam sheikh Gazi</b> is also completely destroyed, though A. Petersen examined it back in 1994 (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 282–283</a>). Muslim shrine stood in the way of the growing Jewish moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviezer">Aviezer</a>. Even Petersen saw the destructive work of bulldozers. Now the residents of Aviezer do not even remember if there was a Muslim tomb on their territory (31°40'57.1"N 35°00'42.4"E).</div>
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The plan of the Maqam sheikh Gazi (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I9EB7SqBevA/UPcux0jpmzI/AAAAAAAAAjg/OCFvTtCaCx8/s1600/Gazi+sheikh+plan+%28Aviezer%29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I9EB7SqBevA/UPcux0jpmzI/AAAAAAAAAjg/OCFvTtCaCx8/s1600/Gazi+sheikh+plan+(Aviezer).jpg" /></a></div>
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Map of 1997 (section)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N3YR1Vvd84Q/UPnirZb7c0I/AAAAAAAAAlI/5e_DYeZHrUM/s1600/Gazi+sheikh+map+%28Aviezer%29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="444" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N3YR1Vvd84Q/UPnirZb7c0I/AAAAAAAAAlI/5e_DYeZHrUM/s640/Gazi+sheikh+map+(Aviezer).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.681981,35.011668&spn=0.010536,0.01575&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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Equally sad fate overtook the <b>Tomb of sheikh Jobas (Jubas)</b>, which was situated to the south of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezer">Tel Gezer</a> (Tell Jezar) (31°50'50.8"N 34°55'12.5"E). It was noted by E. Palmer (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/273/mode/1up">1881, 273</a>). At the beginning of the 20th century the tomb was already lying in ruins. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister">R. Macalister</a> examined the monument and drew its plan. “<i>Some of the stones have been removed, probably to provide material for the old field boundaries, fragments of which still remain here and there. As is so often the case, however, the sanctity of the place still persists, and has been inherited by the modern Sheikh Ju'bas. There is a grave of the usual kind in memory of this holy man, with a rude rectangular enclosure surrounding it. This encroaches on the ancient structure. There are no modern graves surrounding the shrine, as is unfortunately the case of the wely on the hill-top</i>.” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/cu31924084684046#page/n433/mode/1up">1912 II 409</a>)<br />
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In 1984 Jewish settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmei_Yosef">Karmei Yosef</a> was founded on the hill and Muslim shrine was completely built up with modern houses.</div>
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Photo and plan of the tomb of sheikh Jobas (from the book by R. Macalister)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-idgfpQXKJig/UPcyg4J3kOI/AAAAAAAAAkI/4wOD_-4_UAs/s1600/Jubas+sheikh+1912.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="540" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-idgfpQXKJig/UPcyg4J3kOI/AAAAAAAAAkI/4wOD_-4_UAs/s640/Jubas+sheikh+1912.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wsk_j3xW1Bk/UPcyd6yQsiI/AAAAAAAAAkA/At4GyifhV0E/s1600/Jubas+sheikh+1912+%28plan%29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wsk_j3xW1Bk/UPcyd6yQsiI/AAAAAAAAAkA/At4GyifhV0E/s1600/Jubas+sheikh+1912+(plan).jpg" /></a></div>
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.842821,34.922705&spn=0.021035,0.0315&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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About the <b>Maqam sheikh Ahmad al-‘Urayni</b>, who was in the former Palestinian village of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_al-Manshiyya">‘Iraq al-Manshiya</a> (31°36'46.2"N 34°47'10.0"E), A. Petersen says: “<i>The shrine of Shaykh Ahmad was located on the summit of the tell. It is described by Conder and Kitchener although they do not provide the name of the occupant (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/259/mode/1up">SWP III 259</a>, <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/266/mode/1up">266</a>). It consisted of a roofless walled enclosure made of reused stone blocks. The doorway was located in the middle of the north wall. Above the doorway there was a marble lintel and either side there were two inscriptions. A deep concave mihrab was located in the back (south) wall of the enclosure</i>.</div>
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<i>The shrine stood until at least 1946 when it was inspected by the Antiquities Department. During the 1950s it was reported to be in a very ruinous condition and now there are no standing remains. An outline on the ground is the only visible remains of the building</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 155</a>).</div>
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Tell <span style="text-align: justify;">a</span>l-'Urayni. Photo of 1940s</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TSH0U-dTZo8/VFOG7Fzr8yI/AAAAAAAACus/VLumPpnLHSU/s1600/Ahmad%2Bel-Urayni%2B1940s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TSH0U-dTZo8/VFOG7Fzr8yI/AAAAAAAACus/VLumPpnLHSU/s1600/Ahmad%2Bel-Urayni%2B1940s.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z-KjUqYfzHg/UPc2PuT_CkI/AAAAAAAAAko/W70Uk7-onlw/s1600/Ahmad+el-Urayni.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z-KjUqYfzHg/UPc2PuT_CkI/AAAAAAAAAko/W70Uk7-onlw/s640/Ahmad+el-Urayni.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.612421,34.78632&spn=0.021088,0.0315&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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In fact, in 'Iraq al-Manshiyya were three Muslim shrines: the Maqam sheikh Ahmad al-‘Urayni, the <b>Maqam sheikh Abu Sell</b> and the <b>Maqam sheikh Abu Raddan</b> (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/378/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 378</a>, <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/379/mode/1up">379</a>).</div>
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The <b>Tomb of sitt Zahra</b>, one of five sisters of sheikh (or neby) of Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_Ma%27in">Bir Ma‘in</a> disappeared although it stood until recently (31°53'17.6"N 35°01'14.6"E). 1968 photograph from Israel Antiquities Authority archive shows how it looked like. This tomb was situated to the north of the former village Bir Ma'in, in the area which is now completely built with state-of-the-art houses of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modi%27in-Maccabim-Re%27ut">Modi‘in</a> town. For information about tombs of sitt Zahra sisters see Section 3 <a href="http://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/3-maqams-judaean-mountains.html">Maqams. Judaean Mountains</a>: <i>Maqam sitt Mana</i>, <i>Maqam sitt Huria</i>.</div>
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Tomb of sitt Zahra. Photo of 1968</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nWdX1LVx5mk/UW6bfvnXTmI/AAAAAAAACr4/kidVlwmuJUo/s1600/Sitt+Zahra+1968.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="428" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nWdX1LVx5mk/UW6bfvnXTmI/AAAAAAAACr4/kidVlwmuJUo/s640/Sitt+Zahra+1968.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.88798,35.020852&spn=0.021025,0.0315&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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Not a trace remains of the <b>Tomb of the n</b><b>a</b><b>bi Burk (Barq)</b> – one of the shrines of the former Palestinian village Burka, or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barqa,_Gaza">Barqa</a>, which was situated not far from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashdod">Ashdod</a>. In his time, L. Gautier described the tomb so “<i>picturesque wely, surrounded with the trees</i>” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/souvenirsdeterre00gautuoft#page/95/mode/1up">1898, 95</a>). The Israeli town <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan_Yavne">Gan Yavne</a> was founded in 1931 to the north of the Burka village. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi">W. Khalidi</a> in the 1980s already saw no "picturesque wely" among the ruins of Burka (31°46'37.4"N 34°41'56.6"E).</div>
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Tomb of the nabi Burk (Barq). Photo of 1890s (<a href="https://archive.org/details/souvenirsdeterre00gautuoft/page/95">Gautier 1898, 95</a>)</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-02Xv0MmODSo/UQENLjwubVI/AAAAAAAAAmo/SJMGxMOrUx0/s1600/Neby+Berak+1898+%28Gautier%29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-02Xv0MmODSo/UQENLjwubVI/AAAAAAAAAmo/SJMGxMOrUx0/s640/Neby+Berak+1898+(Gautier).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.775753,34.700274&spn=0.021051,0.0315&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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In the list of the shrines that no longer exist we should also include such tombs as the <b>Tomb of sheikh Ibrahim</b> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzova">Tzova</a> (see Section <a href="http://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2012/12/13-not-maqams.html">13. Not maqams</a>: <i>Palestinian house (Tzova)</i>) and the <b>Maqam sheikh Mu'annis</b> in Sufla (<i>Sufle</i>) (31°44'06.2"N 35°02'25.8"E). </div>
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Among the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedouin">Bedouin</a> shrines, which disappeared recently, the <b>Maqam sheikh Yatir</b> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jattir">Horvat Yatir</a> (Arab: Khirbet Attir) should be mentioned. According to the photos made at that period, it was quite an unusual building with a high conic dome. Now there is a heap of stones on the same place (31°21'11.7"N 35°01'03.2"E).</div>
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Maqam sheikh Yatir. Photo of 1966</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vtb-BJ_0U6c/W9yXHlU0OZI/AAAAAAAAG1g/bI4wuT-H4LQbHHGXyMBUU2pfy_PjykIGwCLcBGAs/s1600/Yatir%2Bsheikh%2B1966.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="567" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vtb-BJ_0U6c/W9yXHlU0OZI/AAAAAAAAG1g/bI4wuT-H4LQbHHGXyMBUU2pfy_PjykIGwCLcBGAs/s640/Yatir%2Bsheikh%2B1966.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Yatir. Photo of 1990s</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TlN510O79Zg/W9yXIyEJf0I/AAAAAAAAG1k/CfXWBm5fuN84N_Ca5FOgJeBYDmr5GNARQCLcBGAs/s1600/Yatir%2Bsheikh%2B1980s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="558" data-original-width="798" height="446" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TlN510O79Zg/W9yXIyEJf0I/AAAAAAAAG1k/CfXWBm5fuN84N_Ca5FOgJeBYDmr5GNARQCLcBGAs/s640/Yatir%2Bsheikh%2B1980s.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Yatir. Photo of 2012</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HD4kr1NyLA0/W9yXLoT8woI/AAAAAAAAG1o/7LJjuGQSvggRiK_j7U4u-9HwEPacYlwvgCLcBGAs/s1600/Yatir%2Bsheikh%2B01%252Cjpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HD4kr1NyLA0/W9yXLoT8woI/AAAAAAAAG1o/7LJjuGQSvggRiK_j7U4u-9HwEPacYlwvgCLcBGAs/s640/Yatir%2Bsheikh%2B01%252Cjpg.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Though the destruction of a wonderful <b>Maqam sheikh Abu Khuraira</b> on Tel Hror (Arab: Tell Abu Khuraira) in the popular rest area is the most lamentable. Recently tourists have been taking photos of the only building on the hill (31°22'55.2"N 34°36'23.0"E). Now there is no trace of it: it has been destroyed to the basement.</div>
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According to another data, a Bedouin sheikh called Saleh al-Akby was buried in Tell Abu Khuraira. During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a> a maqam, a square domed structure with a metal spire and a crescent on the top, was built over the tomb. The Bedouins of Bani ‘Amer tribe worshipped this building as their shrine. On the photos of 1930s the maqam of sheikh Saleh seemed to be a complete copy of the maqam of sheikh Nuran (see Section <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2018/10/9-maqams-judean-desert-and-negev.html">9. Maqams. Judean Desert and Negev</a>, which was another shrine rebuilt and gifted by the British to the Bedouins.</div>
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Another shots made by visitors of Nahal Grar Park, show the stages of the shrine`s destruction. In the 1980s, the maqam of Saleh al-Akby was almost undestroyed. In the 1990s, the dome collapsed and walls started to ruin. In the early 2000s, the walls of the shrine collapsed and now we see a formless heap of stones. The terrified Bedouins gathered a few wreckage in the form of the cenotaph and covered them with a white cloth. The question is: Where have they been before? The maqam has been drastically destroying during 30 years, but they recovered their wits only now?</div>
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Wely of <span style="text-align: center;">Abu Khuraira. </span><span style="text-align: center;">Photo of 1890s (<a href="https://archive.org/details/souvenirsdeterre00gautuoft/page/n182">Gautier 1898, 145</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JJOhH9NP7qc/XJZkYGBgaLI/AAAAAAAAHPY/QUtPWE6_kXYRP0ZURyx0KpZi2d8FHgeoACLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2BHureira%2Bsheikh%2B1890s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="749" data-original-width="843" height="568" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JJOhH9NP7qc/XJZkYGBgaLI/AAAAAAAAHPY/QUtPWE6_kXYRP0ZURyx0KpZi2d8FHgeoACLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2BHureira%2Bsheikh%2B1890s.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Abu Khuraira. Photo of 1933</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-491RPCNk8M4/W9y7Fu_1atI/AAAAAAAAG2M/uBzFL4KEgWYzKRRyM-WIEnciyKD8OO06ACLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2BHureira%2B1933%2B1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="649" data-original-width="871" height="476" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-491RPCNk8M4/W9y7Fu_1atI/AAAAAAAAG2M/uBzFL4KEgWYzKRRyM-WIEnciyKD8OO06ACLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2BHureira%2B1933%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Abu Khuraira. Photo of 1933</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eep0_zL0-cU/W9y7FlCxnKI/AAAAAAAAG2I/dDJ4dX6_jKIMH_2TlH8GP9EdhlLHMHNggCLcBGAs/s1600/Abu%2BHureira%2B1933%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="649" data-original-width="871" height="476" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eep0_zL0-cU/W9y7FlCxnKI/AAAAAAAAG2I/dDJ4dX6_jKIMH_2TlH8GP9EdhlLHMHNggCLcBGAs/s640/Abu%2BHureira%2B1933%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Abu Khuraira, Photo of 1933</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j8m2WgB8Hw4/W9y7IjltRCI/AAAAAAAAG2g/F7MZ_Ua8hjcgzcHuNiDZE_B3Rkk9i2e7gCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BHureira%2BSaleh%2Bal-Akby%2B1933%2B3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="649" data-original-width="871" height="476" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j8m2WgB8Hw4/W9y7IjltRCI/AAAAAAAAG2g/F7MZ_Ua8hjcgzcHuNiDZE_B3Rkk9i2e7gCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BHureira%2BSaleh%2Bal-Akby%2B1933%2B3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Abu Khuraira, Photo of 1980s</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zl3iRthBnY0/W9y7GumkAAI/AAAAAAAAG2U/srn6B4ehjMotOgh6ZdCaXkxCVEVAvM6PwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BHureira%2B4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="555" data-original-width="777" height="456" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zl3iRthBnY0/W9y7GumkAAI/AAAAAAAAG2U/srn6B4ehjMotOgh6ZdCaXkxCVEVAvM6PwCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BHureira%2B4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Abu Khuraira, Photo of 1980s</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--3FbgE0Ecq4/W9y7IWrjqEI/AAAAAAAAG2c/5SAxb-vhtE8CNrYevkpuz4dk2hZ4oe_WgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BHureira%2B5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="765" height="458" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--3FbgE0Ecq4/W9y7IWrjqEI/AAAAAAAAG2c/5SAxb-vhtE8CNrYevkpuz4dk2hZ4oe_WgCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BHureira%2B5.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Abu Khuraira, Photo of 1980s</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A7fswsZM8EI/W9y7H7K8vAI/AAAAAAAAG2Y/-Lzj6Au_0gcub4p3wlhMLjvIdwSqod_SACEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BHureira%2B6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="794" data-original-width="533" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A7fswsZM8EI/W9y7H7K8vAI/AAAAAAAAG2Y/-Lzj6Au_0gcub4p3wlhMLjvIdwSqod_SACEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BHureira%2B6.jpg" width="428" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Abu Khuraira, Photo of 1999</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1EmHeFIjX0Y/W9y7FlV746I/AAAAAAAAG2o/P-BAJErvjvs8XKOWhEeiec0UUMiBQsg6ACEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BHureira%2B1999.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="228" data-original-width="328" height="277" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1EmHeFIjX0Y/W9y7FlV746I/AAAAAAAAG2o/P-BAJErvjvs8XKOWhEeiec0UUMiBQsg6ACEwYBhgL/s400/Abu%2BHureira%2B1999.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Abu Khuraira, Photo of 2016</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RChb45C4pm4/W9y7EAStrtI/AAAAAAAAG2k/7yrQKqI1D4gTSXFZgcRKpV50iKDFFXBdQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BHureira%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RChb45C4pm4/W9y7EAStrtI/AAAAAAAAG2k/7yrQKqI1D4gTSXFZgcRKpV50iKDFFXBdQCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BHureira%2Bsheikh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Abu Khuraira, Photo of 2016</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bC6Bi1AV5Ko/W9y7DauyhxI/AAAAAAAAG18/AnEQPaoQb7cIFsrHgPvjM4HHwDDhtIbmgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Abu%2BHureira%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bC6Bi1AV5Ko/W9y7DauyhxI/AAAAAAAAG18/AnEQPaoQb7cIFsrHgPvjM4HHwDDhtIbmgCEwYBhgL/s640/Abu%2BHureira%2Bsheikh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Maqam sheikh Abu Khuraira, Photo of 2016</div>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-76210012245473385542012-12-27T09:38:00.033-08:002023-03-15T16:47:06.281-07:00Bibliography<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fGmqbrovrho/UNx9Mjj9uGI/AAAAAAAAAVE/tmGSMgpPkPE/s1600/01+Mukam.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fGmqbrovrho/UNx9Mjj9uGI/AAAAAAAAAVE/tmGSMgpPkPE/s1600/01+Mukam.jpg" /></a></div>
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Mariti VIII, 1775 — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VzAUAAAAQAAJ">Mariti G. <i>Viaggi per l'Isola di Cipro e per la Soría e Palestina fatti da Giovanni Mariti Fiorentino Dall' anno 1760 al 1768.</i> Tomo VIII. Lucca, 1775.</a> (in Italian)<br />
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Mariti IX, 1776 — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=djAUAAAAQAAJ">Mariti G. <i>Viaggi per l'Isola di Cipro e per la Soría e Palestina fatti da Giovanni Mariti Fiorentino Dall' anno 1760 al 1768.</i> Tomo IX. Lucca, 1776.</a> (in Italian)<br />
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Mariti I, 1792 — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/travelsthroughc00marigoog#page/n6/mode/1up">Mariti G. <i>Travels Through Cyprus, Syria, and Palestine; with a General History of the Levant.</i> Vol. I. Dublin, 1792.</a><br />
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McCovn 1922 — <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3768451">McCovn C. C. <i>Muslim Shrines in Palestine.</i></a> — The Annual of the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem. Vol. 2/3 (1921/1922), pp. 47–79.<br />
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Mülinen, DPV 1907 — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde29deut#page/117/mode/1up">Mülinen E. <i>Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Karmels.</i> — Deutschen Palästine Vereins. Band XXX. Leipzig, 1907.</a><br />
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Mülinen 1908 — <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/beitrgezurkennt00mlgoog#page/n5/mode/1up">Mülinen E. <i>Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Karmels.</i> Leipzig, 1908.</a><br />
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Newman 1892 — <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/55824/55824-h/55824-h.htm#i_012a">Newman J. P. <i>From Dan to Beersheba. A Description of the Wonderful Land with Maps and Engravings.</i> New York, 1892.</a><br />
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Niebuhr 1837, III — <a href="https://dibiki.ub.uni-kiel.de/viewer/object/PPN721073956/9/#titleCollapse">Niebuhr C. <i>Reisen durch Syrien und Palästina, nach Cypern, und durch Kleinasien und die Türkey nach Deutschland und Dännemark.</i> Bd. 3. Gamburg, 1837.</a><br />
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Olesnitsky 1878, II — Olesnitsky A. <i>Holy Land.</i> Kiew, 1878. Vol. II. (in Russian)<br />
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Palästina-Vereins IV — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde03deut#page/n294/mode/1up"><i>Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins.</i> Leipzig, 1881. Band IV.</a><br />
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Palästina-Vereins IX — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/n4/mode/1up"><i>Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins.</i> Leipzig, 1886. Band IX.</a><br />
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Palmer 1881 — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/n3/mode/2up">Palmer E. H. <i>The survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English name lists collected during the survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener.</i> London, 1881.</a><br />
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Paton 1907 — <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3140715?seq=1">Paton L. B. <i>Jerusalem in Bible Times: III. The Springs and Pools of Ancient Jerusalem.</i></a> — The Biblical World. Vol. 29, No. 3, Mar., 1907.<br />
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Petersen 1996 — <a href="https://www.academia.edu/8402487/Muslim_Shrines_in_Palestine">Petersen, Andrew. <i>A Preliminry Report on Three Muslim Shrines in Palestine.</i></a> — Levant XXVIII 1996. P. 97–113.<br />
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Petersen 2000 — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8A4uJ1z-zx8C">Petersen, Andrew. <i>The Tomb of Benjamin and other Old Testament Figures in Mamluk Palestine.</i></a> — Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk Eras, III. Leuven (Belgium), 2001. P. 359–382.<br />
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Petersen 2001 — <a href="http://openlibrary.org/works/OL2376366W/A_Gazetteer_of_Buildings_in_Muslim_Palestine">Petersen, Andrew. <i>A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Part I.</i></a> — British Academy Monographs in Archaeology. London, 2001. — <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21257457/Gazetteer_of_of_Buildings_in_Muslim_Palestine_Prelims">Prelims</a>, <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21258003/Gazetteer_of_Buildings_in_Muslim_Palestine-_2._Introduction">Introduction</a>, <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">A–C</a>, <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">D–J</a>, <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">K–R</a>, <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">S–Z</a>.<br />
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Pierotti 1864, I — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FoTBjgEACAAJ">Pierotti E. <i>Jerusalem Explored. Being a Description of the Ancient and Modern City, with Numerous Illustrations Consisting of Views, Ground Plans and Sections.</i> London, 1864. Vol. I.</a><br />
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Pierotti 1864, II — <a href="https://archive.org/details/gri_33125012263907/page/n5">Pierotti E. <i>Jerusalem Explored. Being a Description of the Ancient and Modern City, with Numerous Illustrations Consisting of Views, Ground Plans and Sections.</i> London, 1864. Vol. II. Plates</a><br />
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Pococke 1745, II — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n8/mode/1up">Pococke R. A <i>Description of the East and Some other Countries.</i> Vol. I. London, 1745.</a><br />
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Pringle 1998, II — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC">Pringle, Denys. <i>The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.</i> 1998. Vol. II.</a><br />
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Pringle 2007, III — <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=X0jH6VPi4-gC">Pringle, Denys. <i>The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.</i> 2007. Vol. III. The City of Jerusalem: A.</a><br />
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Quarterly statement III — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme03pale#page/n5/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund.</i> Vol. III. London, 1871.</a><br />
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Quarterly statement IV — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme03pale#page/n256/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund.</i> Vol. IV. London, 1872.</a><br />
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Quarterly statement V — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme05pale#page/n4/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund.</i> Vol. V. London, 1873.</a><br />
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Quarterly statement VI — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme05pale#page/n190/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund. Vol. VI. London, 1874.</i></a><br />
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Quarterly statement VII — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme07pale#page/n4/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund.</i> Vol. VII. London, 1875.</a><br />
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Quarterly statement IX — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme09pale#page/n4/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund.</i> Vol. IX. London, 1877.</a><br />
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Quarterly statement XXV — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme25pale#page/n4/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund.</i> Vol. XXV. London, 1893.</a><br />
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Quarterly statement XXVI — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme25pale#page/n362/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund.</i> Vol. XXVI. London, 1894.</a><br />
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Quarterly statement XXVII — <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme27pale#page/n4/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund.</i> Vol. XXVII. London, 1895.</a><br />
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Quarterly statement XXX — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme29pale#page/n374/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund.</i> Vol. XXX. London, 1898.</a><br />
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Quarterly statement XXXI — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme31pale#page/n4/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund.</i> Vol. XXXI. London, 1900.</a><br />
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Quarterly statement XXXVI — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme36pale#page/n3/mode/1up"><i>Quarterly statement. Palestine Exploration Fund.</i> Vol. XXXVI. London, 1904.</a><br />
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Robinson 1841, II — <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=PevVH9M2VwcC">Robinson E. and Smith E. <i>Biblical researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea.</i> Boston, 1841. Vol. II.</a><br />
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Robinson 1841, III — <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bSEPAAAAYAAJ">Robinson E. and Smith E. <i>Biblical researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea.</i> Boston, 1841. Vol. III.</a><br />
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Robinson 1856 — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog#page/n7/mode/1up">Robinson E. and Smith E. <i>Biblical researches in Palestine, and in the Adjacent Regions.</i> Boston, 1856.</a><br />
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Robinson 1865 — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog#page/n7/mode/1up">Robinson E. <i>Physical Geography of the Holy Land.</i> London, 1865.</a><br />
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Sandys 1621 — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/relationofjourne00sand">Sandys G. <i>Relation of a Journey begun An Dom 1610.</i> The second ed. London, 1621.</a><br />
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Saulcy 1853, II — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q-waAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=comu#v=onepage&q&f=false">De Saulcy F. <i>Voyage autour de la Mer Morte et dans les Terres Bibliques. Tome II.</i> Paris, 1853.</a><br />
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Saulcy 1853, III — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eW5BAAAAcAAJ">De Saulcy F. <i>Voyage autour de la Mer Morte et dans les Terres Bibliques. Atlas.</i> Paris, 1853.</a><br />
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Saulcy 1865, I — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8rEFAAAAQAAJ">De Saulcy F. <i>Voyage en Terre Sainte. Tome I.</i> Paris, 1865.</a><br />
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Saulcy 1865, II — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=87EFAAAAQAAJ">De Saulcy F. <i>Voyage en Terre Sainte. Tome II.</i> Paris, 1865.</a><br />
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Saulcy 1867 — <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5780474k.r">De Saulcy F. <i>Souvenirs d'un voyage en Terre Sainte.</i> Paris, 1867.</a><br />
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Schaberg 2004 — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tNioAwAAQBAJ">Schaberg J. <i>The Resurrection of Mary Magdalene: Legends, Apocrypha, and the Christian.</i> Leiden, 1997. Vol. I, A.</a><br />
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Schumacher 1888 — <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/jaulansurveyedf00schu#page/n6/mode/1up">Schumacher G. <i>The Jaulan: surveyed for the German Society for the Exploration of the Holy Land.</i> London, 1888.</a><br />
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Schumacher 1889 — <a href="https://archive.org/details/acrossjordanbein00schu/page/n5">Schumacher G. <i>Across the Jordan: being an exploration and survey of part of Hauran and Jaulan.</i> London, 1889.</a><br />
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Seetzen 1854, I — <a href="https://archive.org/details/ulrichjaspersee00seetgoog/page/n8/mode/1up"><i>
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Seetzen 1854, II — <a href="https://archive.org/details/ulrichjaspersee05seetgoog/page/n5/mode/1up"><i>
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Seetzen 1855, III — <a href="https://archive.org/details/ulrichjaspersee02seetgoog/page/n6/mode/1up"><i>
Ulrich Jasper Seetzen's Reisen durch Syrien, Palästina, Phönicien, die Transjordan-länder, Arabia Petraea und Unter-Aegypten.</i> Band III. Berlin, 1855.</a><br />
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Seetzen 1859, IV — <a href="https://archive.org/details/ulrichjaspersee03seetgoog/page/n9/mode/1up"><i>
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Sepp 1863, I — <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507287&view=1up&seq=9">Sepp J. N. <i>Jerusalem und das Heilige Land.</i> Shaffhausen, 1863. Vol. I.</a><br />
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Sepp 1863, II — <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068507279;view=1up;seq=11">Sepp J. N. <i>Jerusalem und das Heilige Land.</i> Shaffhausen, 1863. Vol. II.</a><br />
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Sharon, CIAP III — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=01ogNhTNz54C">Sharon, Moshe. <i>Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae.</i> Leiden, 2001. Vol. III, D–F.</a><br />
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Sharon 2007 — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1d8xHcor0psC">Sharon, Moshe. <i>Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae. Addendum.</i> Leiden, 2007.</a><br />
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Sieber 1823 — <a href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=2SBXAAAAcAAJ">Sieber F. W. <i>Reise von Cairo nach Jerusalem und wieder zurück nebst Beleuchtung einiger heiligen Orte.</i> Prag, 1823.</a><br />
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SWP 1881 — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/introductiontosu00saun#page/n4/mode/1up">Conder C. R. and Kitchener H. H. <i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Its Waterways, Plains, & Highlands.</i> London, 1881.</a><br />
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SWP I — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/n7/mode/2up">Conder C. R. and Kitchener H. H. <i>The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology.</i> London, 1881. Vol. I.</a><br />
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SWP II — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/n7/mode/2up">Conder C. R. and Kitchener H. H. <i>The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology.</i> London, 1882. Vol. II.</a><br />
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SWP III — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Conder C. R. and Kitchener H. H. <i>The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology.</i> London, 1883. Vol. III.</a><br />
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Thomson 1859, I — <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101063698755;view=1up;seq=11">Thomson W. M. <i>The Land and the Book: or, Biblical illustrations drawn from the manners and customs, the scenes and scenery, of the Holy Land.</i> Vol. I. New York, 1859.</a><br />
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Thomson 1860, II — <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101063698748;view=1up;seq=9">Thomson W. M. <i>The Land and the Book: or, Biblical illustrations drawn from the manners and customs, the scenes and scenery, of the Holy Land.</i> Vol. II. New York, 1860.</a><br />
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Thrupp 1855 — <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=apJHAAAAYAAJ">Thrupp J. F. <i>Antient Jerusalem: A New Investigation Into the History, Topography and Plan.</i> Cambridge, 1855.</a><br />
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Tobler 1853, I — <a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011536320"><i>Dr. Titus Toblers zwei Bucher Topographie von Jerusalem.</i> Buch I. Berlin, 1853.</a><br />
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Tobler 1854, II — <a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011536320"><i>Dr. Titus Toblers zwei Bucher Topographie von Jerusalem.</i> Buch II. Berlin, 1854.</a><br />
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Tobler 1859 — <a href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008645636"><i>Titus Toblers dritte Wanderung nach Palästina im Jahre 1857.</i> Gotha, 1859.</a><br />
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Van de Velde 1854, I — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/narrativeajourn00veldgoog#page/n10/mode/1up">Van de Velde C. W. M. <i>Narrative of a Journey through Syria and Palestine in 1851 and 1852.</i> Vol. I. London, 1854.</a><br />
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Vilnay 1932 — <a href="http://www.unz.org/Pub/VilnayZev-1932">Vilnay, Zev. <i>Legends of Palestine.</i> Philadelphia, 1932.</a><br />
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Vincent–Abel 1922 — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/jrusalemrecher02vincuoft#page/n7/mode/2up">Vincent H., Abel F. M. <i>Jérusalem: recherches de topographie, d'archéologie et d'histoire.</i> Vol. I–II. Paris, 1926.</a><br />
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Warren 1871 — <a href="https://archive.org/details/recoveryofjerusa00wilsuoft/page/n12">Wilson, Ch., Warren Сh. <i>The recovery of Jerusalem: a narrative of exploration and discovery in the city and the Holy Land.</i> New York, 1871.</a><br />
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Warren 1876 — <a href="https://archive.org/details/undergroundjerus00warruoft/page/n8">Warren Сh. <i>Underground Jerusalem.</i> London, 1876.</a><br />
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Warren 1884 — <a href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00warruoft/page/n3/mode/2up">Warren Сh. and Conder C. R.<i>The survey of Western Palestine. Jerusalem.</i> London, 1884.</a><br />
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Warren 1884b — <a href="https://archive.org/details/planselevationss00warr/mode/1up">Warren Сh. <i>Plans, elevations, sections, etc. shewing the results of the excavations at Jerusalem, 1867–70</i> London, 1884.</a><br />
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Wavell 1938 — <a href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.208330/2015.208330.The-Palestine#page/n5/mode/1up">Wilson, P. <i>The Palestine Campaigns.</i> Third edition. London, 1938.</a><br />
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Wilson 1865 — <a href="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/ordnance-survey-of-jerusalem-made-with-the-sanction-of-the-earl-de-grey#/?tab=about">Wilson, C. W. <i>Ordnance survey of Jerusalem.</i> London, 1865.</a><br />
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Wilson 1881, I — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales01wilsuoft#page/i/mode/1up">Wilson, C. W. (editor) <i>Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt.</i> London, 1881. Vol. I.</a><br />
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Wilson 1881, II — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales02wilsuoft#page/i/mode/1up">Wilson, C. W. (editor) <i>Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt.</i> London, 1881. Vol. I.</a><br />
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Wilson 1883, III — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales03wilsuoft#page/i/mode/1up">Wilson, C. W. (editor) <i>Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt.</i> London, 1883. Vol. III.</a><br />
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Wilson 1883, IV — <a href="http://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales04wilsuoft#page/i/mode/1up">Wilson, C. W. (editor) <i>Picturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egypt.</i> London, 1883. Vol. IV.</a><br />
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Wilson 1886 — <a href="http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/israelos1886.htm">Wilson, C. W. <i>Ordnance survey of Jerusalem.</i> London, 1886.</a><br />
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Zuallart 1587 — <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/ildevotissimovia00zual#page/n4/mode/1up">Zuallart J. <i>Il devotissimo viaggio di Gerusalemme.</i> Roma, 1587.</a><br />
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Zuallart 1608 — <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k853233f?rk=21459;2">Zuallart J. <i>Le Très dévot voyage de Jerusalem.</i> Paris, 1608.</a><br />
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-40490492141846491702012-12-16T05:59:00.002-08:002020-12-24T05:05:07.409-08:0012. Maqams that were Judaized<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Maqam Abu Huraira (Tomb of rabban Gamaliel)</b></div>
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<b>مقام أبو هريرة</b></div>
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<b>קבר רבן גמליאל</b></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">C. Clermont-Ganneau</a> described this monument so: “<i>At Yebna we pitched our tent near the wely of Abu Horeira. Inside this we noticed numerous fragments of marble, several stones with the medieval tool-marking, and two marble columns surmounted by their capitals. The outside of the building is rather a picturesque sight, with its lewain of three arches, its cupolas and its courtyard planted with fine trees. The consecration of the Sanctuary to the famous Abu Horeira, "the father of the little she cat," the companion of Mohammed, though it can be and has been disputed, and is certainly spurious, must date very far back</i>” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/167/mode/1up">ARP II 167–168</a>).</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ovosDoizPJE/UM2qGtwqleI/AAAAAAAAAKw/65e0MCftMzs/s1600/Abu+Huraira+1899+%28Yibna%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ovosDoizPJE/UM2qGtwqleI/AAAAAAAAAKw/65e0MCftMzs/s640/Abu+Huraira+1899+(Yibna).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1930s</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3IENy4eLHC0/UM2qbkaQeWI/AAAAAAAAAK4/DVmwKKs7GCE/s1600/Abu+Huraira+3+%28Yibna%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="454" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3IENy4eLHC0/UM2qbkaQeWI/AAAAAAAAAK4/DVmwKKs7GCE/s640/Abu+Huraira+3+(Yibna).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HVazB_X7KZ0/UM2szlyVSgI/AAAAAAAAALA/JYnJ0RGCI2w/s1600/Rabban+Gamaliel+tomb+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HVazB_X7KZ0/UM2szlyVSgI/AAAAAAAAALA/JYnJ0RGCI2w/s640/Rabban+Gamaliel+tomb+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Marble columns with Corinthian capitals can still be seen today. Though the tomb of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hurairah">Abu Huraira</a> has been here since long ago, the existing mausoleum was built in 1293 in a purely <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluk</a> style and for centuries was the main religious building in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yavne">Yavne</a>. It consists of two rooms: the front room and the burial chamber, where in front of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> a cenotaph used to stand. Above this room towers the central dome resting on an octagonal drum. Entrance to the burial chamber is decorated with Arabic inscriptions preserved to the present day. One of the inscriptions says – in honor of the Mamluk sultan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baibars">Baybars</a>.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tp76z8lYx00/USv50nuDRxI/AAAAAAAACa8/pxm1tAOqbbo/s1600/Abu+Huraira+4+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tp76z8lYx00/USv50nuDRxI/AAAAAAAACa8/pxm1tAOqbbo/s640/Abu+Huraira+4+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> in 1863 found a Muslim cemetery in the yard in front of the mausoleum (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr03gugoog#page/n70/mode/1up">Judee II, 57</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> in 1875 saw a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minaret"><i>minaret</i></a> located in the north-west corner of the mausoleum (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/442/mode/1up">SWP II, 442</a>): The illustrations in the book by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">C. Clermont-Ganneau</a> and photographs of the early 19th century show that minaret is no longer there.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ij_v7MhM1wQ/UM2s7FkN36I/AAAAAAAAALI/QBbIncNRbEA/s1600/Rabban+Gamaliel+tomb+02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ij_v7MhM1wQ/UM2s7FkN36I/AAAAAAAAALI/QBbIncNRbEA/s640/Rabban+Gamaliel+tomb+02.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
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After 1948 the mausoleum was privatized by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephardi_Jews">Sephardic Jews</a>, who rebuilt the Muslim shrine and turned it into a tomb of rabban <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamaliel_II">Gamaliel II</a>. The Muslim cemetery was liquidated and the wall around it was demolished. Instead of a cenotaph of Abu Huraira a gravestone in honor of Gamaliel was set; and a burial chamber was divided into two parts (one for men, another for women) by a partition.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aZPmhIZ6slo/UM2tfNSRd9I/AAAAAAAAALQ/vAPlCA7ld_U/s1600/Rabban+Gamaliel+tomb+03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aZPmhIZ6slo/UM2tfNSRd9I/AAAAAAAAALQ/vAPlCA7ld_U/s640/Rabban+Gamaliel+tomb+03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 06.08.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°52'03.9"N 34°44'33.5"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.867809,34.742632&spn=0.007617,0.009645&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr03gugoog#page/n70/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 57</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/167/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 167–168</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/tentworkinpalest02conduoft#page/219/mode/1up">Conder 1879 II 219</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/442/mode/1up">SWP II 442</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/273/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 273 (Sheet XVI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 137</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 313–316</a>; Wikipedia: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Palestine/Mausoleum_of_Abu_Huraira">Mausoleum of Abu Huraira</a></div>
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<b>Tomb of Simeon, the son of Jacob</b></div>
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<b>مقام النبي شمعون</b></div>
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<b>קבר שמעון בן יעקב</b></div>
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Muslims know this maqam as the tomb of the prophet Sheman (nabi Sheman). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> calls it nabi Chema'oun (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n380/mode/1up">Samaria II, 356</a>). Jews were correct to identify him with their patriarch <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)">Simeon, the son of Jacob</a>, though traditionally it was thought that patriarch Simeon was buried in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebron">Hebron</a>. Until 2004 the building stayed in a derelict state but then the Jews decided to appropriate it. For a while there was a struggle for the shrine between Jews and Israeli Arabs: under cover of darkness the dome of the tomb alternately stained then blue, then green. Read about it in the Arabic article “<a href="http://www.iaqsa.com/2010/11/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86/">Battle of colors</a>”.<br />
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Photo of 2010</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IOs0uKfsY8Q/UQ5hYEDyqsI/AAAAAAAAB-g/G8dCKbfEauo/s1600/Neby+Sheman+2010.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IOs0uKfsY8Q/UQ5hYEDyqsI/AAAAAAAAB-g/G8dCKbfEauo/s640/Neby+Sheman+2010.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 2010</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nGY7AwT6_WM/URBPcJBYrjI/AAAAAAAACB4/S2cxLp9sqL4/s1600/Neby+Sheman+2010+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nGY7AwT6_WM/URBPcJBYrjI/AAAAAAAACB4/S2cxLp9sqL4/s640/Neby+Sheman+2010+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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After all, the Jews won. Now the dome of tomb is painted white, a fence with gate is built around the maqam, walls inside are plastered, the cenotaph is renewed and religious literature is laid out on it. A curious fact is that the <i>mihrab</i> is preserved.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dFBr4-bUFT0/UM244Zn1W6I/AAAAAAAAALs/fC64KvYhSjQ/s1600/Neby+Sheman+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dFBr4-bUFT0/UM244Zn1W6I/AAAAAAAAALs/fC64KvYhSjQ/s640/Neby+Sheman+01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3Nb2o0-f5TU/USAyG2G8noI/AAAAAAAACJQ/GWiJOhYcj6w/s1600/Neby+Sheman+08+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3Nb2o0-f5TU/USAyG2G8noI/AAAAAAAACJQ/GWiJOhYcj6w/s640/Neby+Sheman+08+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BWX5f3iMQMc/UM26sgMMEbI/AAAAAAAAAL8/dwc-pThoecc/s1600/Neby+Sheman+04+%28from+the+west%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BWX5f3iMQMc/UM26sgMMEbI/AAAAAAAAAL8/dwc-pThoecc/s640/Neby+Sheman+04+(from+the+west).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hlN4ZQoR4uQ/UM25E1vDdSI/AAAAAAAAAL0/jss4CcsTNvc/s1600/Neby+Sheman+02+%28from+the+north%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hlN4ZQoR4uQ/UM25E1vDdSI/AAAAAAAAAL0/jss4CcsTNvc/s640/Neby+Sheman+02+(from+the+north).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9130J04M3F4/UM3AJ6NG8pI/AAAAAAAAAMQ/hHhFbYBWHeo/s1600/Neby+Sheman+06+%28interior%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9130J04M3F4/UM3AJ6NG8pI/AAAAAAAAAMQ/hHhFbYBWHeo/s640/Neby+Sheman+06+(interior).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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However, the War of shrine is still in progress. Here are pictures of May 2013 (<a href="http://www.inn.co.il/News/News.aspx/256117">Source</a>):<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z56X28Ttzp4/VDaKwRg28JI/AAAAAAAACtE/WLU5ur-6Mtk/s1600/Neby%2BSheman%2B2013%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="297" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z56X28Ttzp4/VDaKwRg28JI/AAAAAAAACtE/WLU5ur-6Mtk/s1600/Neby%2BSheman%2B2013%2B1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GS6JtYzGg1Y/VDaK07CVWCI/AAAAAAAACtM/YOsfInqR1as/s1600/Neby%2BSheman%2B2013%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GS6JtYzGg1Y/VDaK07CVWCI/AAAAAAAACtM/YOsfInqR1as/s1600/Neby%2BSheman%2B2013%2B2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Route</i>. The tomb is clearly visible from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_6_(Israel)">Highway 6</a>, one kilometer to the south of the Eyal Interchange.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 04.08.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°12'08.1"N 34°57'34.9"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.202634,34.959655&spn=0.01418,0.01929&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n381/mode/1up">Guérin, Samaria II 356</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/188/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 188 (Sheet XI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA132#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 132</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/304j">Canaan 1927, 295</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books/ucpress?id=7itq6zYtSJwC&redir_esc=PP1&pg=RA1-PA276&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Benvenisti 2000, 276, 362</a>; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/37/site/4893">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/101429672704089616501/photos/@32.2003,34.9628083,3a,15y,119.44h,75.73t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipN98hgIr07UMD-6exdloCSCQeMXhzefZkL3Ny7O!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN98hgIr07UMD-6exdloCSCQeMXhzefZkL3Ny7O%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi0-ya320-ro0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Maqam sheikh </b><b>al</b><b>-Gharbawi (Tomb of Mattathias)</b></div>
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<b>مقام الشيخ الغرباوى</b></div>
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<b>קבר מתתיהו בן יוחנן</b></div>
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This Muslim shrine is also Judaized. Maqam of sheikh al-Gharbawi turned into the tomb of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattathias">Mattathias, son of Johanan</a>, the founder of the Hasmonean dynasty. In this case, the Jews did not use the Muslim tradition as a base. Mattathias’ name appears here due to the maqam’s proximity to Tel Modi'im, where the Hebraic city <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modi%27in-Maccabim-Re%27ut">Modi'in</a>, the motherland of the Hasmoneans, was once located. The <i>mihrab</i> in the south wall of carefully smeared, two slabs were laid on the stones of the cenotaph; one more slab was added in the head of it with an inscription in Hebrew about Mattathias Hasmonean; a menorah was painted on the wall of the maqam, an icon lamp was hung near it.</div>
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<span id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">View from the west</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3f5L4Y1-KWQ/UM3K7RX29hI/AAAAAAAAAMk/k2C5DIF7ykY/s1600/Mattathias+01+%28from+the+west%29.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3f5L4Y1-KWQ/UM3K7RX29hI/AAAAAAAAAMk/k2C5DIF7ykY/s640/Mattathias+01+(from+the+west).JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Aw8QOk1DCB0/UM3LFtBAomI/AAAAAAAAAMs/JOWPDpk_iLo/s1600/Mattathias+02+%2528from+the+north%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Aw8QOk1DCB0/UM3LFtBAomI/AAAAAAAAAMs/JOWPDpk_iLo/s640/Mattathias+02+%2528from+the+north%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bwzG32I3dpw/UM3LMJSS_TI/AAAAAAAAAM0/2ed8uqbkPt4/s1600/Mattathias+03+%2528from+the+south%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bwzG32I3dpw/UM3LMJSS_TI/AAAAAAAAAM0/2ed8uqbkPt4/s640/Mattathias+03+%2528from+the+south%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior. Smeared the mihrab in the south wall</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hLxxpUMFxVY/UM3MWCOoxsI/AAAAAAAAAM8/x6sGL1YEMmw/s1600/Mattathias+04.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hLxxpUMFxVY/UM3MWCOoxsI/AAAAAAAAAM8/x6sGL1YEMmw/s640/Mattathias+04.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eXuM7DT-KbM/UM3MsdCkOMI/AAAAAAAAANE/_NXGmtXLq7w/s1600/Mattathias+05.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eXuM7DT-KbM/UM3MsdCkOMI/AAAAAAAAANE/_NXGmtXLq7w/s640/Mattathias+05.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The tomb of sheikh al-Gharbawi was well known to researchers 19th century. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> gave the full name of the Sheikh: Garbawi Abu Subha (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/349/mode/1up">SWP II 349</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau">C. Clermont-Ganneau</a> after questioning the locals suggested the name "Sitt Gharbawi" ("Lady Gharbawi"), assuming that the saint buried in the tomb was a female dervish (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/359/mode/1up">ARP II 359</a>). I should say that many female hermits are known in the history of Islam, so the honouring of a certain outstanding ascetic is possible.</div>
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Photo newspaper Davar 18.12.1981</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-c6yJrXVkyqA/VRyFHC26DuI/AAAAAAAADN0/eCdSmdACc7U/s1600/Mattathias%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="402" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-c6yJrXVkyqA/VRyFHC26DuI/AAAAAAAADN0/eCdSmdACc7U/s1600/Mattathias%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i style="text-align: justify;">Route.</i><span style="text-align: justify;"> From Highway 443, not far from Tel Modi'im, turn onto a dirt road parallel to Highway 443, which leads to the north, to Hurvat ha-Hardy, and in 700m you’ll reach the required tomb.</span><br />
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The north side of the tomb is adjacent to a large courtyard surrounded by a wall. Beyond this courtyard lie ruins of a monumental building that Palestinian Arabs call al-Qala'a (the Fortress). Excavations started here in the 19th century and are still ongoing. Many researchers believe that here is where the tombs of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty">Hasmoneans</a> were located. By the way, geophysical explorations have revealed some unexplored cavity under the Maqam of sheikh al-Gharbawi. The detailed results of the excavations see in <a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=1712&mag_id=118&print=all">Hadashot Arkheologiyot</a>.</div>
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The map of the excavations taken from there</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X9QfwyhG-is/UM3MtUnZ6aI/AAAAAAAAANI/ARmSwc58b2o/s1600/Mattathias+06+%2528plan%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X9QfwyhG-is/UM3MtUnZ6aI/AAAAAAAAANI/ARmSwc58b2o/s640/Mattathias+06+%2528plan%2529.JPG" width="468" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 17.10.10<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°56'05.6"N 34°59'38.9"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.935046,34.99433&spn=0.027461,0.038581&mid=zzA8hO522r-A.kzZGUsF7iMes">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/359/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 359</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n81/mode/1up">Guérin, Samarie II 54</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme05pale#page/n114/mode/1up">Quarterly statement V 94</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/349/mode/1up">SWP II 349</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/243/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 243 (Sheet XIV)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 138</a><br />
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Wikipedia: <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%9F">Mattathias</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Midya">Al-Midya</a>; <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D">Modi‘im</a>; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F">Makkabim tombs</a></div>
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-48298364733890077192012-12-14T17:20:00.001-08:002021-02-28T10:13:55.507-08:0013. Not maqams<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Al-Qasr. Structure at Height 367</b></div>
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To the south of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Jimal">Beit Jimal Monastery</a> at a Height 367 stands a curious circular building with a dome, which from a distance looks like a maqam. Arabs called this building al-Qasr. But this is not a Muslim shrine, but some kind of fortification that may be connected somehow with the Monastery. It has two entrances – on the north and on the west. A round wall has four little loopholes which narrow closer to the front side. There is speculation that this building was used by Israeli forces in 1948. The loopholes look east and south of the Beit Jimal Monastery, the direction from which attacks of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Legion">Arab Legion</a> were expected.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M0bTBrqiz8Y/UMu2GcQ1AXI/AAAAAAAAAEA/sOcR26A2fJ8/s1600/Height+367+02+%2528Beit+Jimal%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M0bTBrqiz8Y/UMu2GcQ1AXI/AAAAAAAAAEA/sOcR26A2fJ8/s640/Height+367+02+%2528Beit+Jimal%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5W5gGWG617k/UMu2-jMQxVI/AAAAAAAAAEI/mCZ7PFrLFww/s1600/Height+367+03+%2528from+north%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5W5gGWG617k/UMu2-jMQxVI/AAAAAAAAAEI/mCZ7PFrLFww/s640/Height+367+03+%2528from+north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GwdqhcFyi9o/USEIYn3uR0I/AAAAAAAACVg/SWCGOfvbv4Y/s1600/Height+367+10+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GwdqhcFyi9o/USEIYn3uR0I/AAAAAAAACVg/SWCGOfvbv4Y/s640/Height+367+10+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0cY3O5xLrJs/UMu3q4h2PVI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/1W19r0mcWUU/s1600/Height+367+05+%2528from+north%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0cY3O5xLrJs/UMu3q4h2PVI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/1W19r0mcWUU/s640/Height+367+05+%2528from+north%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3FexuFJFkl8/UMu41e5F7GI/AAAAAAAAAEY/NwDH7G3BguU/s1600/Height+367+06+%2528from+west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3FexuFJFkl8/UMu41e5F7GI/AAAAAAAAAEY/NwDH7G3BguU/s640/Height+367+06+%2528from+west%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HjFjw4z9Vv8/UMu5N_jyP-I/AAAAAAAAAEg/ZdhfB3fCMbQ/s1600/Height+367+07+%2528from+south%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HjFjw4z9Vv8/UMu5N_jyP-I/AAAAAAAAAEg/ZdhfB3fCMbQ/s640/Height+367+07+%2528from+south%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the structure</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XnadmvuCg4Y/UMu5y1YYRAI/AAAAAAAAAEo/bDaFLHYH7Dc/s1600/Height+367+08+%2528interior%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XnadmvuCg4Y/UMu5y1YYRAI/AAAAAAAAAEo/bDaFLHYH7Dc/s640/Height+367+08+%2528interior%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. An asphalt-paved road, which branches off the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_38_(Israel)">Highway 38</a>, leads to the Beit Jimal Monastery. There is a 700-meter long stone path between the cloister and the building.
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Fragment of the British map 1945</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gOCgObYSZy0/VSj4YaIq6XI/AAAAAAAADU4/JXEXk-9SKLY/s1600/135a%2BEl%2BQasr.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="406" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gOCgObYSZy0/VSj4YaIq6XI/AAAAAAAADU4/JXEXk-9SKLY/s1600/135a%2BEl%2BQasr.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 29.07.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°43'10.0"N 34°58'32.1"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.719552,34.975576&spn=0.027525,0.038581&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/328/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 328, 329 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a>; Khalidi 1992, 319<br />
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<b>Dome structure in ‘Azrikam</b></div>
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At a southern entry to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrikam">‘Azrikam</a> moshav (Route 3703) there is a square structure with a dome resembling maqam by its appearance. In Wikipedia it is called the “<a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9D">ancient arab tomb</a>”, however, in fact this is not true. The structure may be dated to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine">Mandate period</a>; however, it is not a tomb but something like a ceramic workshop. Semi-circular niches in walls inside the structure where ceramic products could be annealed point to that. Herewith, a dome with a hole at the top, probably, served as a smoke duct. At present only the northern side of the structure is open; the remaining sides are covered with heaps of bavin wood.</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qcs4YvlidMU/UUzEMS9J3eI/AAAAAAAACog/ODqXKTSRqbE/s1600/Azrikam+structure+01+north.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qcs4YvlidMU/UUzEMS9J3eI/AAAAAAAACog/ODqXKTSRqbE/s640/Azrikam+structure+01+north.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CJene_cDfCA/UUzExTui5oI/AAAAAAAACo4/z-teCs8WQ5k/s1600/Azrikam+structure+02+north-west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CJene_cDfCA/UUzExTui5oI/AAAAAAAACo4/z-teCs8WQ5k/s640/Azrikam+structure+02+north-west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the structure</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d7pluvc9ZEM/UUzEo_nB1qI/AAAAAAAACow/PELElUHOG24/s1600/Azrikam+structure+03+dome.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d7pluvc9ZEM/UUzEo_nB1qI/AAAAAAAACow/PELElUHOG24/s640/Azrikam+structure+03+dome.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°44'46.6"N 34°41'54.8"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.746964,34.698772&spn=0.02967,0.03665&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<b>Palestinian house (Tzova)</b></div>
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A structure with two domes to the east of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suba,_Jerusalem">Mount Tzova</a>, which from a distance looks like a maqam. Some guides consider it to be a tomb of sheikh Ibrahim, although it’s none other than the remains of an ordinary Palestinian house. Everyone who comes inside immediately gets the evidence of this.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8peEpfyJd9s/UMu-vt6sFBI/AAAAAAAAAE4/AEUPD_M3NzY/s1600/Suba+01.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8peEpfyJd9s/UMu-vt6sFBI/AAAAAAAAAE4/AEUPD_M3NzY/s640/Suba+01.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LaabbAEjTJQ/UMu_FdwAUqI/AAAAAAAAAFA/sXsGW-eH8Do/s1600/Suba+02.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LaabbAEjTJQ/UMu_FdwAUqI/AAAAAAAAAFA/sXsGW-eH8Do/s640/Suba+02.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XBWM-RjNAcA/UMvBSoeyAiI/AAAAAAAAAFQ/TdrNLAY8YjY/s1600/Suba+04.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XBWM-RjNAcA/UMvBSoeyAiI/AAAAAAAAAFQ/TdrNLAY8YjY/s640/Suba+04.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The <b>Maqam sheikh Ibrahim</b> did exist, though, but it was located not to the east of Mount Tzova but to the south of it, as indicated on the British maps of Palestine.
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Fragment of the British map 1942</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zLLaiAEvt7w/VSj-yMEGPWI/AAAAAAAADVI/0OZdGBwnAeA/s1600/127b%2BSuba.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="406" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zLLaiAEvt7w/VSj-yMEGPWI/AAAAAAAADVI/0OZdGBwnAeA/s1600/127b%2BSuba.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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About this monument <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">T. Canaan</a> said: “<i>Es-sultan Ibrahim's shrine is made of a square open enclosure with a taqah, a prayer niche, a small huwetah and a fig tree</i>.” (<a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/84j">1927, 71</a>). 300 meters to the south of the road that passes near the Mount Tzova there is an ancient oak and a very old olive tree. Next to them lie the remains of a Muslim cemetery. But no matter how hard we tried, we could not find any sign of a maqam there.</div>
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The ancient oak and the olive tree to the south of Mount Tzova</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JeZJWhzj6JM/UMvBb1AZCMI/AAAAAAAAAFY/uPeuqjBtD2c/s1600/Suba+05.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JeZJWhzj6JM/UMvBb1AZCMI/AAAAAAAAAFY/uPeuqjBtD2c/s640/Suba+05.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1920s (from the article by C. McCown)
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S0KH6ijM4cQ/UNItRzTQkqI/AAAAAAAAASk/bsCtQYRDaNQ/s1600/McCown+75.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S0KH6ijM4cQ/UNItRzTQkqI/AAAAAAAAASk/bsCtQYRDaNQ/s640/McCown+75.jpg" width="460" /></a></div>
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The remains of a Muslim cemetery</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CY9AXermA0k/UMvBiid4OoI/AAAAAAAAAFg/8YmocrFN1b0/s1600/Suba+06.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CY9AXermA0k/UMvBiid4OoI/AAAAAAAAAFg/8YmocrFN1b0/s640/Suba+06.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 12.08.12<br />
<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i><span style="text-align: left;">: </span>31°47'04.3"N 35°07'49.6"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.784673,35.13049&spn=0.007123,0.009645&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3768451?seq=29">McCown 1922, 75</a>; <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/64j">Canaan 1927, 51</a>, <a href="http://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/84j">71</a>; Khalidi 1992, 318–319<br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7845612,35.1302681,3a,75y,84.75h,92.36t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM7vVHGzSRBTitQ7wlc_qXlD_NGDDzoSE1QqK2J!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM7vVHGzSRBTitQ7wlc_qXlD_NGDDzoSE1QqK2J%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya83.92199-ro-0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Sufla (Sufle)</b></div>
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The search for a maqam in a former Palestinian village <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufla">Sufla</a> (as-Sifleh), near the spring of Sufle, also was fruitless. It is reported that a <b>shrine of sheikh Mu'annis</b> used to stand in the village (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/328/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 328, 329</a>). It is said that one of the travelers saw this maqam just recently. We examined the ruins of the village through and through, but did not find either maqam, or even its possible foundation. At some point, we came across the remains of a small building with the fragments of a collapsed dome and some inscriptions in Arabic. This structure could have been considered the maqam of sheikh Mu'annis if there was a mihrab or at least its contour. But there is no sign of the mihrab.
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The remains of village houses in Sufla</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3PiHp8YZ5B0/UMvClsy7mZI/AAAAAAAAAFo/osX4F6EeQ5k/s1600/Sufla+01.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3PiHp8YZ5B0/UMvClsy7mZI/AAAAAAAAAFo/osX4F6EeQ5k/s640/Sufla+01.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Remains of the building with the fragments of a collapsed dome</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-y2Un3WqWPO4/UMvDoxdFmmI/AAAAAAAAAFw/zVkrwiI9DNs/s1600/Sufla+02.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-y2Un3WqWPO4/UMvDoxdFmmI/AAAAAAAAAFw/zVkrwiI9DNs/s640/Sufla+02.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The remains of some burial place with a column – perhaps, Byzantine</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GIU4YoSD-PM/UMvEznN9W7I/AAAAAAAAAGA/dn5OIKYSUMQ/s1600/Sufla+04.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GIU4YoSD-PM/UMvEznN9W7I/AAAAAAAAAGA/dn5OIKYSUMQ/s640/Sufla+04.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi">W. Khalidi</a>, the village cemetery lies to the east of the site (1992, 319).</div>
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<i>Route</i>. The Valley Nahal Me'ara is a popular tourist route. We met a large group of Israeli schoolchildren accompanied by the guides and teachers. To reach ‘Ein Sufle drive from moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Giora">Bar Giora</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_386_(Israel)">Road 386</a>) along the road 4x4 westwards for 3 kilometers, and then stop at the power line, which crosses the valley. Next, there is a 300-meter climb to the hill on the right, where in the cleft of the rock you’ll find the Sufle Spring. To west of it there are ruins of the Palestinian village.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 13.08.12<br />
<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i><span style="text-align: left;">: </span>31°44'06.0"N 35°02'25.1"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.735029,35.040679&spn=0.028834,0.038581&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/328/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 328, 329 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 139</a>; Khalidi 1992, 319; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/4/site/13052">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>The “Sheikh's House” in Khirbet al-Hubeila</b></div>
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A domed structure on the steep slope of Khirbet al-Hubeila, to the east from Israeli village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_Ayin">Bat ‘Ain</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gush_Etzion">Gush Ezion</a> is often taken for the Maqam of sheikh Arba‘in. It happens because of the dome and the size of the structure in the form of irregular tetragon 7.20 x 6.20 m and 3.20 m high. It is doubtful that earlier there was a tomb of a Muslim holly man, as it is not <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca">Mecca</a>-oriented and, moreover, without a <i>mihrab</i>.<br />
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This building is called Beit ha-sheikh (The Sheikh's House) on the website <a href="https://amudanan.co.il/#!wiki=P549355">Amudanan.co.il</a>.<br />
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According to the British maps of Palestine, there was the Maqam of sheikh Arba‘in on Khirbet al-Hubeila, though it was located more to the east from this structure, closer to Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masu%27ot_Yitzhak">Masu'ot Ytzhak</a>.<br />
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Now the Sheikh's House is turned into Jewish Prayer house, like a small synagogue. In the niches along the walls there are shelves with Judaism religious literature, arched curves, doorways and and windows in the south wall are renewed; the building is provided with electricity and lighting.<br />
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WaO3rOZ7EU4/W-BWSmDWXBI/AAAAAAAAG3k/yY6eBnwtPQ4d_WRsOKEYHqq0kG2ubTyJQCKgBGAs/s1600/Kh%2Bel%2BHubeila%252C%2BHouse%2Bof%2BSheikh%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WaO3rOZ7EU4/W-BWSmDWXBI/AAAAAAAAG3k/yY6eBnwtPQ4d_WRsOKEYHqq0kG2ubTyJQCKgBGAs/s640/Kh%2Bel%2BHubeila%252C%2BHouse%2Bof%2BSheikh%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ezEh4sPPwLU/W-BWSop2x8I/AAAAAAAAG3k/Ep3BYa9s6xMaCJg2U-rjvYovvni-G_VkwCKgBGAs/s1600/Kh%2Bel%2BHubeila%252C%2BHouse%2Bof%2BSheikh%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ezEh4sPPwLU/W-BWSop2x8I/AAAAAAAAG3k/Ep3BYa9s6xMaCJg2U-rjvYovvni-G_VkwCKgBGAs/s640/Kh%2Bel%2BHubeila%252C%2BHouse%2Bof%2BSheikh%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oE2fPw7G-4Q/W-BWShAXWhI/AAAAAAAAG3k/om6AUMai_VU4mtpxAp4w0aIF_Qyb-NdfQCKgBGAs/s1600/Kh%2Bel%2BHubeila%252C%2BHouse%2Bof%2BSheikh%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oE2fPw7G-4Q/W-BWShAXWhI/AAAAAAAAG3k/om6AUMai_VU4mtpxAp4w0aIF_Qyb-NdfQCKgBGAs/s640/Kh%2Bel%2BHubeila%252C%2BHouse%2Bof%2BSheikh%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the building</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-34k0TKmrdiE/W-BWSlY4W_I/AAAAAAAAG3k/NBG6Cj8kL4MVcHDzTTB7IpRv6PnFLsVmwCKgBGAs/s1600/Kh%2Bel%2BHubeila%252C%2BHouse%2Bof%2BSheikh%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-34k0TKmrdiE/W-BWSlY4W_I/AAAAAAAAG3k/NBG6Cj8kL4MVcHDzTTB7IpRv6PnFLsVmwCKgBGAs/s640/Kh%2Bel%2BHubeila%252C%2BHouse%2Bof%2BSheikh%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gnFIff4jMTA/W-BWSqlbwXI/AAAAAAAAG3k/050V5VPiOCUC0iPuQ8LnuQBabX6IkufpACKgBGAs/s1600/Kh%2Bel%2BHubeila%252C%2BHouse%2Bof%2BSheikh%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gnFIff4jMTA/W-BWSqlbwXI/AAAAAAAAG3k/050V5VPiOCUC0iPuQ8LnuQBabX6IkufpACKgBGAs/s640/Kh%2Bel%2BHubeila%252C%2BHouse%2Bof%2BSheikh%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Khirbet al-Hubeila served as a rest place and picnic place for the residents of Bat ‘Ayin and arriving guests. There are the remains of the ancient village: oil press factories, mikwe, tombs of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple_period">Second Temple period</a>.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. From crossroad Alon Shvut and Road 367 turn to Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_Ayin">Bat ‘Ain</a> and turn right, to the asphalt road, leading to al-Hubeila spring, then climb up 150 m to the Northwest to the Sheikh's House<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7EXgFO7ZMjU/XBUsRuYGqDI/AAAAAAAAHIM/nckGl3vl5us57jfEhpsTA1fnZXOfgVnxACLcBGAs/s1600/Khirbet%2Bal-Hubeila.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="749" data-original-width="1032" height="464" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7EXgFO7ZMjU/XBUsRuYGqDI/AAAAAAAAHIM/nckGl3vl5us57jfEhpsTA1fnZXOfgVnxACLcBGAs/s640/Khirbet%2Bal-Hubeila.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 13.08.15<br />
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 31°39'35.2"N 35°06'26.4"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.659768,%2035.107345&spn=0.028834,0.038581&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<b>Palestinian house (Gan Yavne)</b></div>
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<a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/63/site/2757">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a> describes this struxture as follows, “<i>Structure (tomb) dedicated to Nebi Baraq; partially ruined. The walls are built of dressed kurkar, measuring 0.20 x 0.15 – 0.20 x 0.35. In the east wall of the building is a well-built doorway with a sharply pointed arch leading to a room with a vaulted ceiling. A staircase was preserved in that wall. Construction style dates the building to the end of the Middle Ages and the Ottoman period. Numerous modern-day repairs have been made to structure. Nearby are remains of plaster (apparently remnants of a reservoir or other water installation), tesserae and numerous sherds. According to Guérin, the site also had a well, nearby which were marble columns and tombs.</i>”<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PbUaMuj3FGQ/VghH1CToBGI/AAAAAAAAFtE/q2ip_Y1QZ_QOEIzJCH-hGdjBZpaOn3_JgCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Burka%2Bhouse%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="276" data-original-width="451" height="243" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PbUaMuj3FGQ/VghH1CToBGI/AAAAAAAAFtE/q2ip_Y1QZ_QOEIzJCH-hGdjBZpaOn3_JgCPcBGAYYCw/s400/Burka%2Bhouse%2B05.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fsibKufoIv4/VghH42RN1BI/AAAAAAAAFtM/Qk8CQxryRfcr1ND4BRofttOOLvWYnq-0gCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Burka%2Bhouse%2B1987.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="653" data-original-width="819" height="318" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fsibKufoIv4/VghH42RN1BI/AAAAAAAAFtM/Qk8CQxryRfcr1ND4BRofttOOLvWYnq-0gCPcBGAYYCw/s400/Burka%2Bhouse%2B1987.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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We visited this place and compared what we saw with the description in The Archaeological Survey of Israel:<br />
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“<i>The structure is partly ruined.</i>” — The rof of the building has partly collapsed, but the walls stand upright.<br />
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“<i>In the east wall of the building is a well-built doorway with a sharply pointed arch leading to a room with a vaulted ceiling.</i>” — There is a lancet arch in the east wall, but it seems to be blocked with bricks for a long time already. In the room behind the arch there is no vaulted ceiling. <br />
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“<i>A staircase was preserved in that wall.</i>” — !<br />
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“<i>Numerous modern-day repairs have been made to structure.</i>” — Yes, some inner works done are obvious. But in fact those works resulted in blocking the windows which were boarded or bricked up.<br />
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7tyn5Mq4OXI/VghHxSQiTcI/AAAAAAAAFs8/EuSP1R2uKxo3YzftsR-aCEQAhIgmk1FnACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Burka%2Bhouse%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7tyn5Mq4OXI/VghHxSQiTcI/AAAAAAAAFs8/EuSP1R2uKxo3YzftsR-aCEQAhIgmk1FnACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Burka%2Bhouse%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tTV7q-PAY-Q/VghJykY7iNI/AAAAAAAAFtg/lX_AzypllfooRtdO2-YwiWED2VsC7GNNACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Burka%2Bhouse%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tTV7q-PAY-Q/VghJykY7iNI/AAAAAAAAFtg/lX_AzypllfooRtdO2-YwiWED2VsC7GNNACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Burka%2Bhouse%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the building</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Okg8bJFLE3g/VghJoArwnqI/AAAAAAAAFtY/oKhcoeggDog4d_ILpQ4pGREloJHge9XQgCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Burka%2Bhouse%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Okg8bJFLE3g/VghJoArwnqI/AAAAAAAAFtY/oKhcoeggDog4d_ILpQ4pGREloJHge9XQgCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Burka%2Bhouse%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the building, nothing proves that there was the Tomb of nabi Barak. The sharply pointed arch in the east wall and blockwork report about an obvious anciently of the building. But it is the only conclusion. Comparing with the previous photos one may think that the structure was not subject to a significant rebuilding: its exterior has been kept the same.<br />
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According to these details, it was a Palestinian residential house, though with some architecture peculiarities: a sharply pointed arch at the entrance, stairs leading to the roof, a small additional storey on the rooftop in the south-west corner.<br />
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There is no signs of the Muslim cemetery nearby that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> mentioned and that usually appear bear maqams and tombs of sheikhs and prophets. However, the main contradiction against the identification this building with the tomb of nebi Barak is a different one. In the book of the French traveler L. Gautier there is a photo of Palestinian village <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barqa,_Gaza">Burka</a> with the tomb of nabi Barak which is a small square or rectangular structure with a high dome. V. Guérin described it as follows, “<i>A kubbeh was here, dedicated to Neby Berak, and surrounded by tombs.</i>” (Judee II 68) and L. Gautier commented, “<i>a picturesque weli surrounded with trees.</i>” (1898, 95). This structure doesn`t correspond to the object we observe.<br />
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Tomb of the nabi Burk (Barq). Photo of 1898 (from the book by L. Gautier)</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-02Xv0MmODSo/UQENLjwubVI/AAAAAAAAAmo/SJMGxMOrUx0/s1600/Neby+Berak+1898+%28Gautier%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-02Xv0MmODSo/UQENLjwubVI/AAAAAAAAAmo/SJMGxMOrUx0/s640/Neby+Berak+1898+(Gautier).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b5BYYcp9eHM/VghHkszIW0I/AAAAAAAAFs0/LY-qsyB6c1sQM9EMgPMGLpiNlGx-kyZ7gCPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Burka%2BNeby%2BBaraq%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="806" data-original-width="1014" height="508" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b5BYYcp9eHM/VghHkszIW0I/AAAAAAAAFs0/LY-qsyB6c1sQM9EMgPMGLpiNlGx-kyZ7gCPcBGAYYCw/s640/Burka%2BNeby%2BBaraq%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Finally, if you put the map of Palestinian village Burka during the period of the British mandate over the map of this district, you will see that the <b>Tomb of nabi Barak</b> is 400–500 m to the south-east from this object (flagged red), near the Industrial zone Gan Yavne.<br />
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The Archaeological Survey of Israel referes to Guérin and other explorers of the past. But Guérin's descriptions about the well and marble columns nearby more likely match with not this object, but to a Muslim shrine — to the domed structure on the photo in Gautier's book.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_4_(Israel)">Highway 4</a> there is a tuen to Road 3922, also called Derech Jerusalem, coming throught <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan_Yavne">Gan Yavne</a>. The Palestinian House stands 2.3 km from the turn, on the crossroad of Road 3922 and ha-‘Amal St.<br />
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<i>Visited</i>: 17.08.15<br />
<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i>: 31°46'42.4"N 34°41'48.0"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.778456,%2034.696657&spn=0.028834,0.038581&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/68/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 68–70 </a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/409/mode/1up">SWP II, 409</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/272/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 272 (Sheet XVI)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA131#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 131</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/192/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II 192</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/souvenirsdeterre00gautuoft#page/95/mode/1up">Gautier 1898, 95</a>; Khalidi 1992, 82–83; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/63/site/2757">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a>; <a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2038&mag_id=119">Hadashot Arkheologiyot</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7785766,34.6969933,3a,75y,242.69h,87.02t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sBObBvUW9ZoqExnJJOJTFfw!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama</a><br />
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https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/http://www.blogger.com/profile/08680285403789386539noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1926100669912767598.post-77319619251518178342012-12-14T11:06:00.005-08:002022-06-20T10:58:19.116-07:0014a. Abandoned Mosques. South<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Mosque of Abu l-‘Awn</b></div>
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<b>مسجد أبو العون</b></div>
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<b>מסגד אבו אל-עון</b></div>
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On Google Maps this structure is called “Maqam Abu Liyun”, although it was never a tomb. Arab residents of the village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaljulia">Jaljulia</a> (a structure is located on the territory of the village cemetery) do not think it is maqam. It is an abandoned, or rather laid up, mosque. Metal structures and wooden props hold together and support the building, preventing it from falling apart.</div>
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The mosque had two vaulted rooms, but only the eastern one survived; the western room, which was higher, with a large dome (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 176</a>), was destroyed by the fire of British artillery during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I">World War I</a>. Now the only memory left of this room is the remains of the arches. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> in the eastern room survived, but it is difficult to see it because of the wooden props.</div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0dMw2Z5EM9Q/UMt3I-jMYGI/AAAAAAAAADg/Lmahg-spXV8/s1600/Abu+l%2527Awm+mosque+02+%2528from+the+west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0dMw2Z5EM9Q/UMt3I-jMYGI/AAAAAAAAADg/Lmahg-spXV8/s640/Abu+l'Awm+mosque+02+(from+the+west).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The plan of the mosque and the mihrab (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HcF67366mjs/UMt2GWziA-I/AAAAAAAAADQ/PXOhz6MMIHE/s1600/Abu+l%27Awm+mosque+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HcF67366mjs/UMt2GWziA-I/AAAAAAAAADQ/PXOhz6MMIHE/s640/Abu+l'Awm+mosque+01.jpg" width="539" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Z8wFz1OIBxU/UMt2YLWk8BI/AAAAAAAAADY/gSS16YsCsqk/s1600/Abu+l%27Awm+mosque+1992.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Z8wFz1OIBxU/UMt2YLWk8BI/AAAAAAAAADY/gSS16YsCsqk/s1600/Abu+l'Awm+mosque+1992.jpg" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xUpSvIe5QPw/UMt31mdDXcI/AAAAAAAAADo/ywxqaG-iz0A/s1600/Abu+l%27Awm+mosque+03+%28from+the+south%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xUpSvIe5QPw/UMt31mdDXcI/AAAAAAAAADo/ywxqaG-iz0A/s1600/Abu+l'Awm+mosque+03+(from+the+south).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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According to one of the hypothesis, the name “Abu l-‘Awn” originates from the spiritual leader of the 15–16th centuries named Shams ad-Din Abu l-‘Awn Muhammad al-Ghazi, who also built a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidna_Ali_Mosque">mosque Sidna Ali</a> near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf">Arsuf</a>. According to another hypothesis, the mosque is named after a certain commander Salah ad-Din (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin">Saladin</a>). At least the appearance of the mosque matches the architecture of 15–16th centuries.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0SsCa9G2eZU/USAwdCfRuDI/AAAAAAAACHw/nMqaAz7USqs/s1600/Abu+l%2527Awm+mosque+05+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0SsCa9G2eZU/USAwdCfRuDI/AAAAAAAACHw/nMqaAz7USqs/s640/Abu+l'Awm+mosque+05+air.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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Photo of 1990s</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T_LiMxtPfzk/VQwE6_yWLXI/AAAAAAAADHo/8I2GOi_JbPw/s1600/Abu%2Bl'Awm%2Bmosque%2B1990s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="456" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T_LiMxtPfzk/VQwE6_yWLXI/AAAAAAAADHo/8I2GOi_JbPw/s1600/Abu%2Bl'Awm%2Bmosque%2B1990s.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. Jaljulia Cemetery is situated on the right side at the entrance to the village from the Highway 444.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 02.08.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°09'11.1"N 34°56'56.9"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.153216,34.949248&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>:
<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/221/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 221 (Sheet XIV)</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 176–177</a></div>
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<b>Mosque of Abu Mizar in Beit Shemesh</b></div>
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<b>مسجد أبو الإزار</b></div>
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<b>מסגד אבו מיזאר</b></div>
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Those who drive along the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_38_(Israel)">Highway 38</a> see this archaeological object very well – Tel Beit Shemesh. On the other side of the road, on a place adjacent to the modern city of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a>, near the highway stands a destroyed building. This is a mosque Abu Mizar – all that remains of the Arab village ‘Ain Shams. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> found this village already in ruins: only five or six poor Arab families lived there during harvest season. V. Guérin spoke also about the mosque of Abu Mizar (Djama Abou Mizar), which apparently was still functioning in his time (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr03gugoog#page/n31/mode/1up">Judee II 18</a>). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> was the first to call this mosque a maqam (Mukam of Neby Meizer), and this false designation is still used to the present day. It is not explained, who was this Abu Mizar or Abu Mazer. There is speculation that the name is misrepresented and originates from the Arabic Abu al-Azam (“the father of the might”); under this name the Arabs know the biblical hero <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson">Samson</a>.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RjzJcu3Z6ws/UM4PEWNtKUI/AAAAAAAAAPs/7Z5OsSLCim4/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+01+%2528Tel+Beit+Shemesh%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RjzJcu3Z6ws/UM4PEWNtKUI/AAAAAAAAAPs/7Z5OsSLCim4/s640/Abu+Mizar+mosque+01+(Tel+Beit+Shemesh).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P_yaIRiZiUE/USEPpyK8fTI/AAAAAAAACV4/LKAJiBxw6yE/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+11+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P_yaIRiZiUE/USEPpyK8fTI/AAAAAAAACV4/LKAJiBxw6yE/s640/Abu+Mizar+mosque+11+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZZFD_KAn2-0/UM4QNi5C7OI/AAAAAAAAAP0/kR2AvV77GYc/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+02+%2528south%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZZFD_KAn2-0/UM4QNi5C7OI/AAAAAAAAAP0/kR2AvV77GYc/s640/Abu+Mizar+mosque+02+(south).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-88CjeEUK1iw/UM4QUtlsEPI/AAAAAAAAAP8/oSmrfCPXmhk/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+03+%28Tel+Beit+Shemesh%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-88CjeEUK1iw/UM4QUtlsEPI/AAAAAAAAAP8/oSmrfCPXmhk/s640/Abu+Mizar+mosque+03+(Tel+Beit+Shemesh).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tbI-gNoMoyo/UM4Qs5OkBAI/AAAAAAAAAQE/1uhBknm8y1M/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+04+%2528west%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tbI-gNoMoyo/UM4Qs5OkBAI/AAAAAAAAAQE/1uhBknm8y1M/s640/Abu+Mizar+mosque+04+(west).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-knpgJ-4tu3Y/UM4Rb4_FZhI/AAAAAAAAAQU/9sjap9mQvKE/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+06+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-knpgJ-4tu3Y/UM4Rb4_FZhI/AAAAAAAAAQU/9sjap9mQvKE/s640/Abu+Mizar+mosque+06+(mihrab).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of the mosque (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZThnJ4BUcaU/UM4RdPv_MyI/AAAAAAAAAQY/xNI0zEM3lic/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+07+%2528plan%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZThnJ4BUcaU/UM4RdPv_MyI/AAAAAAAAAQY/xNI0zEM3lic/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+07+(plan).jpg" /></a></div>
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E. Masterman, who visited the mosque in 1913, described it as: “<i>To the east of Tel ar-Rumeileh, there is, on its eastern side, a sacred shrine, the Wely Abu Meizar. This consists of a long room in the southern wall of which is the mihrab, a prayer niche (directed toward Mecca), around which are still piled many of the offerings of the pious. The whole wall around it is smeared with the impressions of hands dipped in mud or henna, and possibly in blood. In front of this room is a large shut-in courtyard, the south side of which along its whole length, adjoining the entrance to the shrine, has a double row of arches, beneath and rising above which, at the east end is a magnificent fig tree. Connected with this wely are several folk-lore tales, in which it is easy to find an echo of the biblical story of Samson, although the real wely of Samson is on the lofty hill of Sar'ah (Zorah) which dominates the landscape to the north</i>.” (<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3142379?seq=4">1913, 104</a>)</div>
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Photo of 1921</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E7IIYmhUnKo/UPseSTrvVyI/AAAAAAAAAlo/3J9VbLrHz1I/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+09+%28Grant%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E7IIYmhUnKo/UPseSTrvVyI/AAAAAAAAAlo/3J9VbLrHz1I/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+09+(Grant).jpg" /></a></div>
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Photo from the book by E. Grant (1934)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eVWv5PpcnjU/UPNhIlfwUzI/AAAAAAAAAfA/S7MTgo2mByQ/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+08+%28Grant%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eVWv5PpcnjU/UPNhIlfwUzI/AAAAAAAAAfA/S7MTgo2mByQ/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+08+(Grant).jpg" /></a></div>
American archaeologist E. Grant, who was carrying out the excavations at Tel Beit Shemesh in the years 1928–33, used the mosque as a sort of storage for his archaeological findings. Which means that by that time the mosque had no longer been functioning. A. Petersen provides the description by Grant: “<i>On the other side of die hill is the country mosque with its walled yard, a fig tree and a cistern. In the south-western corner of the yard is a raised platform. Outside stone steps lead to the roof. Signs are plentiful that a Christian sanctuary preceded the mosque, and probably a Hebrew and a Canaanite place were there. Flanking the mosque door on either side of the yard are portions of column tops with Christian carving… The mosque, or wely of Abu Meizar, at the foot of the hill is a great advantage. It has been swept and serves as a magazine and museum temporarily. In the yard which has a six foot wall or more, is a big fig tree and a pair of triple arches parallel with die front wall of the room. We have blocked up two openings in the wall of the yard and put a wooden gate at the entrance. The mosque room has a wooden door</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 104–105</a>),</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OS9-uegrI4U/UPshOoLUjFI/AAAAAAAAAmI/0uGAxN43zqA/s1600/Abu+Mizar+mosque+10+%28Grant%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="486" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OS9-uegrI4U/UPshOoLUjFI/AAAAAAAAAmI/0uGAxN43zqA/s640/Abu+Mizar+mosque+10+(Grant).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The size of the mosque is 12.70 x 6.90 m. What’s left of the south wall is three meters high, of the north wall – one meter; the two other walls are simply a pile of stones. The northern wall adjoined to a vast courtyard, the outline of which is still visible today. <i>Mihrab</i> in the south wall is built of large blocks, forming a pointed arch, but without the usual, in such cases, keystone. According to A. Petersen, the wall is built out of reused limestone blocks the entrance (2001, 105). We should point out that the mosque of Abu Mizar in the terms of the material and the type of masonry is very similar to the mosque on Khirbet Kafr Sum. It also dates back to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>.</div>
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i><span style="text-align: left;">: </span>31°45'02.0"N 34°58'36.5"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.750358,34.977121&spn=0.055031,0.077162&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bSEPAAAAYAAJ&hl=no&pg=PA17&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Robinson 1841, III 17</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/18/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 18</a>; <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22097/22097-h/22097-h.htm#page156">Finn 1868, 156</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/60/mode/1up">SWP III 60</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/282/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 282 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/picturesquepales03wilsuoft#page/155/mode/1up">Wilson 1884, III 155</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/palestineandsyr00benzgoog#page/n143/mode/1up">Baedeker 1894, 13</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/205/mode/1up">Clermont-Ganneau, ARP II, 205</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme05pale#page/279/mode/1up">Quarterly statement V 279</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme07pale#page/211/mode/1up">Quarterly statement VII 211</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme29pale#page/246/mode/1up">Quarterly statement XXXI 335</a>; <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3142379?seq=4">Masterman 1913, 104</a>; <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000047801190;q1=;seq=125;view=1up">Grant 1934, III 125</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 104–105</a></div>
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iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9">Tel Beit Shemesh</a>; <a href="http://www.biblewalks.com/Sites/BeitShemesh.html">Beit Shemesh</a></div>
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<b>Mosque in Beit Dajan</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في بيت دجنا</b></div>
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<b>מסגד בבית דג'אן</b></div>
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After 1948 Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Dagan">Beit Dagan</a> appeared on the place of Palestinian Arab village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Dajan">Beit Dajan</a>. The abandoned mosque of Beit Dajan was stuck between houses built on the ruins of a Palestinian village. We were not able to get an answer from the locals: What is now inside the former mosque? What is thr purpose it is used for? Nobody was interested wit our inquiries. No door or entrance is observable to come into the blocked building.
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We only can mention that the mosque has the same proportions. No significant rebuildings were made. A squat white dome in the western part of the building and narrow windows in the east wall – that is all the details which mark ancienty of the structure.</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wjAcGMe2LRI/W-DJ5QmSPsI/AAAAAAAAG3w/kLNl-C8m_LQAYFrUoCGZBKcJP-SdSpxNACKgBGAs/s1600/Beit%2BDajan%2Bmosque%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wjAcGMe2LRI/W-DJ5QmSPsI/AAAAAAAAG3w/kLNl-C8m_LQAYFrUoCGZBKcJP-SdSpxNACKgBGAs/s640/Beit%2BDajan%2Bmosque%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-q-fYA3ZPi2A/W-DKFbDKylI/AAAAAAAAG30/teqmMlQ3tBQOS6zHZGT_MVJcA6paYsTXwCKgBGAs/s1600/Beit%2BDajan%2Bmosque%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-q-fYA3ZPi2A/W-DKFbDKylI/AAAAAAAAG30/teqmMlQ3tBQOS6zHZGT_MVJcA6paYsTXwCKgBGAs/s640/Beit%2BDajan%2Bmosque%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Quaterly Statement (1895) describes Beit Dajan as follows, “<i>The village has five Jawame, or praver-houses: East: Sidna Sa‘ad el-Ansar. In centre: Jame el-Sheikh Marzuk. West: Jame‘ Ahl el-Ghad u Sa‘adwa Se‘ed wa Se‘ed. North: Jame Muhamet el-Zawani. East: in the cemetery, Sheikh Ethman</i>” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme27pale#page/n151/mode/1up">XXVII 116</a>).</div>
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As the mosque we studied was located in the eastern part of the former Beit Dajan, it can de identified with Sidna Sa‘ad al-Ansar. The Quaterly Statement called it “a new mosque”. Probably, only this mosque out of five mosques or prayer houses.</div>
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M. Sharon commented another mosque, Jame‘ Ahl al-Ghad, “<i>In the archives of the IAA, there is a summary report from 20 March 1947, which describes the village and the archeological material found in it since 1927. Among other information, the report speaks about the Friday mosque in the village of Bayt Dajan called Jami‘ ‘Abd al-Ghar. On the west side of this mosque there was a crypt or underground cell allegedly containing the grave of Saint... "At the comer (there is) a grave of a saint with an Arabic (cursive) inscription of 12 lines. Dimension of slab: 73cm. x 37cm." (IAA (РАМ) archives "Beit Dajan," ATQ/722) This inscription was not found</i>” (<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&printsec=PP1&pg=PA90#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Sharon, CIAP II 90</a>).</div>
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After Sharon refers to an inscription on a small marble plate found in Beit Dajan. The inscription reads, “<i>This is the maqam of the sultan of those who know, and the beauty of those who fulfill; the pole of existence, the strongly established temple, the master, the holder of authority, Ibrahim, he to whom the elected clearly yield.</i>”</div>
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See the link about <a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=5419&mag_id=120">archeological researches in Beit Dagan</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z7rYyzuQtxg/W-DKv2CopII/AAAAAAAAG38/eTl73IlnvOkHo30nw9pONu_CqJGSlFh7wCLcBGAs/s1600/Beit%2BDajan%2Bmosque%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="958" height="500" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z7rYyzuQtxg/W-DKv2CopII/AAAAAAAAG38/eTl73IlnvOkHo30nw9pONu_CqJGSlFh7wCLcBGAs/s640/Beit%2BDajan%2Bmosque%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The mosque is located in the centre of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Dagan">Beit Dagan</a>.
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<i>Visited</i>: 12.08.2015</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°00'11.2"N 34°49'50.8"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.003118,%2034.830774&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog01gu#page/30/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee I 30</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme27pale#page/n151/mode/1up">Quarterly Statement XXVII 116</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&printsec=PP1&pg=PA90#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Sharon, CIAP II 90</a></div>
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<b>Mosque in Khirbet Kafr Sum</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في خربة كفر سوم</b></div>
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<b>מסגד בחירבת כפר צום</b></div>
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The data about Khirbet Kafr Sum (situated in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaean_Mountains">Judean Mountains</a>) is discrepant. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a>, who visited it in 1863, described it as deserted “<i>There a lot of rickety houses, which are built of small, almost unhewn stones, near one waly, which stands in the shade of a mulberry tree of several hundreds years old. Not far from it there is a semicircle swimming pool, built in a crude way</i>” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr03gugoog#page/n394/mode/1up">Judee II 383</a>). On the basis of this and other reports, A. Petersen suggests that the site appears to have been abandoned sometime between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">2001, 195</a>).<br />
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What appears before our eyes today, does not match the description of V. Guérin. Not even remnants of the tomb-shrine (<i>wely</i>) can be found at Khirbet Kafr Sum. On the hill there are no mulberry trees. The pool that V. Guérin mentioned is there; but it is not round, it’s rectangular. Moreover, the place produces the impression that it was not until 1948 that the village became uninhabited. The evidence is the cacti that grow next to the remains of houses. We see exactly the same picture among the ruins of other Palestinian villages, abandoned in 1948. Palestinian Arabs used to plant cacti around their homes.</div>
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<span id="result_box" lang="en">The remains of the pool</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HzwJ1BPkiO8/UM4HyG4tW7I/AAAAAAAAAPI/n2dQr0IdD1w/s1600/Kafr+Sum+06+%2528reservoir%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HzwJ1BPkiO8/UM4HyG4tW7I/AAAAAAAAAPI/n2dQr0IdD1w/s640/Kafr+Sum+06+(reservoir).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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According to The New Israel Guide, an Arab village of Kafr Sum was located on the ruins of the Jewish settlement of the Second Temple period and even later. In 1948, after the Israeli occupation, the villagers fled to the Bethlehem area (NIG 2001, XI 151–152). However, neither in works of W. Khalidi nor in works of other Palestinian authors Khirbet Kafr Sum is listed as an inhabited village at the time of the occupation. Also the British map of Palestine of 1947 did not chart this place as a residential village. Yet, again, what we saw on Khirbet Kafr Sum corresponds more with the description of The New Israel Guide.<br />
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Now back to V. Guérin. He says: “<i>A large structure, partly built of ancient stones with typical projection, served as a mosque, as we can tell from the presence of the mihrab in it. It is very likely that the structure had stood before the Muslims settled here, and they just adopted it for their cult</i>” (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/383/mode/1up">Judee II 383</a>).<br />
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The ruins of the mosque with dimensions 11.20 x 8.80 m are located on the top of a hill. The best-preserved is the southern and the northern wall. The height of the southern wall reaches 4.50 m. The roof of the mosque was probably vaulted. Judging by the type of the masonry, structure can date back to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a>. Although in the masonry there really are stone blocks from the V. Guérin description, they do not lie at the base of the building, but can be found in different places of the masonry among ordinary stones. It is clear that these blocks were simply reused. Inside the mosque there are piles of debris of about 1.5 m high on the floor. One can tell this from the large vaulted mihrab: only the upper part of it is visible.</div>
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<span id="result_box" lang="en">View from the north</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NkiIrfs8g3M/UM4GQYuSbpI/AAAAAAAAAOg/ZK0M9vogsfs/s1600/Kafr+Sum+01+%2528north%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NkiIrfs8g3M/UM4GQYuSbpI/AAAAAAAAAOg/ZK0M9vogsfs/s640/Kafr+Sum+01+(north).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span id="result_box" lang="en">View from the south. The blocks of stone were taken from the buildings of an earlier era</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8tg4iYLRhMg/UM4HhitZVZI/AAAAAAAAAO4/38khLerS2hk/s1600/Kafr+Sum+04+%2528south%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8tg4iYLRhMg/UM4HhitZVZI/AAAAAAAAAO4/38khLerS2hk/s640/Kafr+Sum+04+(south).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">View from the south</span><span>-east</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wykm3UZKXxc/UM4HnpK3Q8I/AAAAAAAAAPA/k5BCTjBNdJ8/s1600/Kafr+Sum+05+%2528south-east%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="476" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wykm3UZKXxc/UM4HnpK3Q8I/AAAAAAAAAPA/k5BCTjBNdJ8/s640/Kafr+Sum+05+(south-east).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oFJUpsqVfFQ/UM4HaI7ULwI/AAAAAAAAAOw/C_hAKNGoCDs/s1600/Kafr+Sum+03+%28interior%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oFJUpsqVfFQ/UM4HaI7ULwI/AAAAAAAAAOw/C_hAKNGoCDs/s640/Kafr+Sum+03+(interior).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab in the south wall</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ouKdpipmjFk/UM4HULSz_RI/AAAAAAAAAOo/LAZ-Vi-dOdE/s1600/Kafr+Sum+02+%2528mihrab%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ouKdpipmjFk/UM4HULSz_RI/AAAAAAAAAOo/LAZ-Vi-dOdE/s640/Kafr+Sum+02+(mihrab).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_386_(Israel)">Highway 386</a>, a little short of the Tzur Hadassah junction, turn left (north) near a fire station, and keep eastwards for about a mile along a dirt road, which partially coincides with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_National_Trail">Shvil Israel</a>. Ruins of Kafr Sum are located on a hill to the north of this road, to the south of Mount Giora. There are no paths leading to the hill.</div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°43'52.0"N 35°05'35.7"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.730654,35.092655&spn=0.003563,0.004823&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/383/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 383</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/25/mode/1up">SWP III 25</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/298/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 298 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21539664/Gazetteer_4_D-J">Petersen 2001, 195</a>; NIG 2001, XI 151–152; <a href="http://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/79/site/13074">The Archaeological Survey of Israel</a></div>
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<b>Mosque of nabi ‘Anir</b></div>
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<b>مسجد النبي عنّير </b></div>
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<b>מסגד נבי עניר
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In the block of Israeli settlements Gush Talmonim (in the Southern <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaria">Samaria</a>) there is a pleasant place: Khirbet ‘Anir. Usually the residents come there to have a rest. There are wonderful springs with small swimming pools. The tourists come to the springs shooting a glance at the old building overgrown with grass. This is the abandoned Mosque of nabi ‘Anir.<br />
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The building of this mosque can be dated to the first part of the 19th century. On the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund">PEF</a> map it is called Neby ‘Annir (<a href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231670378/view">Sheet XIV</a> rl). According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_Canaan">T. Canaan</a>, this shrine was a place of big pilgrimage. A special holiday Jum‘et el-‘Alemet was celebrated there. (1927, 215).<br />
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ihtzYntCXLk/W-EEnzeT__I/AAAAAAAAG4I/kqZCXHmXs4sC2IWewTJCTICMtopcKVHBACKgBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BAnir%2B01.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ihtzYntCXLk/W-EEnzeT__I/AAAAAAAAG4I/kqZCXHmXs4sC2IWewTJCTICMtopcKVHBACKgBGAs/s640/Neby%2BAnir%2B01.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FFuqB_rRX5o/W-EEn5K8OiI/AAAAAAAAG4I/doIVfOdYo9ANsOLnbj-DVhj4__mugwaugCKgBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BAnir%2B04.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FFuqB_rRX5o/W-EEn5K8OiI/AAAAAAAAG4I/doIVfOdYo9ANsOLnbj-DVhj4__mugwaugCKgBGAs/s640/Neby%2BAnir%2B04.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QR8E4Tfle-4/W-EEn_9cNPI/AAAAAAAAG4I/8yCWMTXdKysuhmdKoJSNEupOK3xf1JsvwCKgBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BAnir%2B05.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QR8E4Tfle-4/W-EEn_9cNPI/AAAAAAAAG4I/8yCWMTXdKysuhmdKoJSNEupOK3xf1JsvwCKgBGAs/s640/Neby%2BAnir%2B05.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The entrance to Inner yard</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8OOheZ6ahTA/W-EFNe1mOGI/AAAAAAAAG4Q/MzSONoUWNhAdaNiXkbSt9beU-HLHb1tnQCKgBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BAnir%2B09.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8OOheZ6ahTA/W-EFNe1mOGI/AAAAAAAAG4Q/MzSONoUWNhAdaNiXkbSt9beU-HLHb1tnQCKgBGAs/s640/Neby%2BAnir%2B09.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The entrance to the Prayer room (7.60 x 5.40 m) with a <i>mihrab</i> and rounded ceiling is from the north through a Double-vaulted portico (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riwaq_(arcade)"><i>riwaq</i></a>) (9.80 х 5.80 m), with arched curves that go before a small Inner yard) 9.80 x 3.95 m). This yard has 2 entrances 0.70 m wide – an arched one from the west and a rectangular – from the east. Also there is a square window in the western and eastern walls of the yards. The size of the structure is approximately 15 x 10 m, like sizes of local Palestinian mosques.<br />
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The walls of the Prayer room are covered with Arabic and Jewish inscriptions left by nowadays visitors. The overall condition of the monument is quite satisfying, though the western of the Prayer room and the wall of the Inner yards have partly collapsed.<br />
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The Double-vaulted portico</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-unQl9Gd-Y1I/W-EQW0bSRoI/AAAAAAAAG4c/2lDIvVtmqDcwrYvGh20Qn06icSE8FKIUgCKgBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BAnir%2B10.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-unQl9Gd-Y1I/W-EQW0bSRoI/AAAAAAAAG4c/2lDIvVtmqDcwrYvGh20Qn06icSE8FKIUgCKgBGAs/s640/Neby%2BAnir%2B10.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Double-vaulted portico</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EwZEvP1SEtE/W-EQWyc73bI/AAAAAAAAG4c/-QQwgmpnmu0D6n3w4Q1YfycuNT_CakQAACKgBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BAnir%2B12.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EwZEvP1SEtE/W-EQWyc73bI/AAAAAAAAG4c/-QQwgmpnmu0D6n3w4Q1YfycuNT_CakQAACKgBGAs/s640/Neby%2BAnir%2B12.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The entrance to the Prayer room</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-enivmyoz26Y/W-EQWyCsziI/AAAAAAAAG4c/THpjWFxQYZsqA8YAEJckLWVuAWa1ubXRwCKgBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BAnir%2B13.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-enivmyoz26Y/W-EQWyCsziI/AAAAAAAAG4c/THpjWFxQYZsqA8YAEJckLWVuAWa1ubXRwCKgBGAs/s640/Neby%2BAnir%2B13.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Prayer room. The east wall</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tl2ei8I9024/W-EQWzhchaI/AAAAAAAAG4c/fA4WrKhhucQ0f-56AwaVnb0mNtGQ-Sj7QCKgBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BAnir%2B14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tl2ei8I9024/W-EQWzhchaI/AAAAAAAAG4c/fA4WrKhhucQ0f-56AwaVnb0mNtGQ-Sj7QCKgBGAs/s640/Neby%2BAnir%2B14.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Prayer room. The west wall</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yzOncMnGbmM/W-EQW_Y3CUI/AAAAAAAAG4c/m6_DBFTRZFQw4hIaeThskUZQuIuvAXIGQCKgBGAs/s1600/Neby%2BAnir%2B15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yzOncMnGbmM/W-EQW_Y3CUI/AAAAAAAAG4c/m6_DBFTRZFQw4hIaeThskUZQuIuvAXIGQCKgBGAs/s640/Neby%2BAnir%2B15.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The absence of the Domed chamber or any domes proves the fact that this building is not a maqam or tomb. But if it is really a mosque there is the question: Was there a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minaret"><i>minaret</i></a> inside? Nowadays there is no signs of it. This structure can be compared with the Mosque of sheikh Ahmad al-‘Adjami nearby moshav Beit Meir (see below), which is similar with its construction and the absence of minaret.<br />
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<i>Route</i>. At <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9479594,35.0937761,3a,75y,75.75h,82.72t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sgdJaoE-sWmwqYRWuLRiK-w!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3DgdJaoE-sWmwqYRWuLRiK-w%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D58.409904%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656">ha-Do'ar crossroad</a> where Highway 463 crosses a road which the residents of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Palestine">Palestinian Authorities</a> use. 300 m to the east from this crossroad there is an asphalt <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.9476649,35.0957677,3a,75y,83.43h,91.74t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sFvncGF8kVOf4Xqoa4cXmdg!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">road</a>which goes to the left from Highway 463. This road in 1.5 km reached Khirbet ‘Anir or Khirbet nabi ‘Anir.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KSedCNo3eeo/W-ESyk8I0gI/AAAAAAAAG4o/sML-m9p8rF0pTzZiVFYTCIt3Mh57aYZNwCLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BAnir%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1600" height="470" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KSedCNo3eeo/W-ESyk8I0gI/AAAAAAAAG4o/sML-m9p8rF0pTzZiVFYTCIt3Mh57aYZNwCLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BAnir%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YieVnTYg0UI/W-ESzfhpWWI/AAAAAAAAG4s/U_7s9lZG_1cqB2litTn69P-W0T8nS_zrQCLcBGAs/s1600/Nabi%2BAnir%2Baerial.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1001" data-original-width="1281" height="500" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YieVnTYg0UI/W-ESzfhpWWI/AAAAAAAAG4s/U_7s9lZG_1cqB2litTn69P-W0T8nS_zrQCLcBGAs/s640/Nabi%2BAnir%2Baerial.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 16.08.15<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°57'20.3"N 35°06'26.5"E</div>
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Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.955631,%2035.107370&spn=0.014352,0.01929&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/328/mode/1up">SWP II 328</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/240/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 240 (Sheet XIV)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA131#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 131</a>; <a href="ttps://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/224j">Canaan 1927, 105</a>; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%96_%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8">Giv'at Egoz and Nabi Anir</a></div>
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<b>Mosque of sheikh Ahmad al-‘Ajami</b></div>
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<b>مسجد الشيخ أحمد العجمي</b></div>
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<b>מסגד שייח' אחמד אל-עג'מי
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Following the Muslim tradition, Ahmad al-‘Ajami (i.e., “Persian”) was a companion of the Prophet Muhammad and his personal barber. The remains of a rich Palestinian house, located in the ha-Masrek Reserve in moshav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Meir">Beit Meir</a>, are connected with Ahmad al-‘Ajami. Its dimensions are 10.21 x 13.45 m. Behind the double-vaulted portico (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riwaq_(arcade)"><i>riwaq</i></a>) there are two large rooms. Two small domes, decorated with conches (shells) from the inside, crown the second room. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab"><i>mihrab</i></a> is in the southern wall, it's decorated with a modelling representing stylized plant with a bird on the top of it. A curious fact is that the construction was built above the cave; the collapsed entrance of this cave is still visible to the east of the building. A. Petersen said that “<i>The cave is divided into two compartments. The exterior compartment contains a mihrab</i>.” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 124</a>)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tj_xiYPeiNw/USEPVNw8jmI/AAAAAAAACVw/F0HtOE_H2j0/s1600/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+10+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tj_xiYPeiNw/USEPVNw8jmI/AAAAAAAACVw/F0HtOE_H2j0/s640/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+10+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-thv8eYprfmo/W9E7XtBNZDI/AAAAAAAAGxM/a5KNBLJfPUw3jqAJ6U2ulImmMXmVpMBVQCLcBGAs/s1600/Ahmad%2Bel-Ajami.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="358" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-thv8eYprfmo/W9E7XtBNZDI/AAAAAAAAGxM/a5KNBLJfPUw3jqAJ6U2ulImmMXmVpMBVQCLcBGAs/s640/Ahmad%2Bel-Ajami.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The map of the ha-Masrek Reserve with the monument charted on it
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vOJXbP8ILWg/UMyA5511MdI/AAAAAAAAAIw/GRd7x-Ag0SI/s1600/Smurat+ha-Masrek+3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vOJXbP8ILWg/UMyA5511MdI/AAAAAAAAAIw/GRd7x-Ag0SI/s640/Smurat+ha-Masrek+3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-G-9G7TTbTjA/UMyDE16e18I/AAAAAAAAAI4/OQUpYfvWW2M/s1600/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-G-9G7TTbTjA/UMyDE16e18I/AAAAAAAAAI4/OQUpYfvWW2M/s640/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Wx5BBhg2l6c/UMyFQtU3VuI/AAAAAAAAAJI/JzwjD0Rzj2k/s1600/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Wx5BBhg2l6c/UMyFQtU3VuI/AAAAAAAAAJI/JzwjD0Rzj2k/s640/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The dome<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Lu-KnGHyQKk/UMyGPmBPKpI/AAAAAAAAAJg/315Gb1Z_3ys/s1600/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="476" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Lu-KnGHyQKk/UMyGPmBPKpI/AAAAAAAAAJg/315Gb1Z_3ys/s640/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The cave</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sP_iucGXJ-U/UMyHCNaSCjI/AAAAAAAAAJo/YiepYWGxEoQ/s1600/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sP_iucGXJ-U/UMyHCNaSCjI/AAAAAAAAAJo/YiepYWGxEoQ/s640/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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On the map of Palestine Exploration Fund (<a href="http://www.nla.gov.au/apps/cdview/?pi=nla.map-rm1949-h3-v">Sheet XVII</a>) at this place stands the Maqam of sheikh al-‘Ajami (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/327/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 327</a>). Palestinian historian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi">W. Khalidi</a> said: “<i>There is a wild forest of old trees on the eastern edge of the village site, on top of the mountain. The tomb of al-‘Ajami, together with other graves, are among the trees</i>.” (1992, 277) Israeli booklet advertising ha-Masrek Reserve, also connects this structure with the tomb of Ahmad al-‘Ajami. But there is nothing inside it to indicate that there was a cenotaph. Although A. Petersen calls this structure a maqam (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">2001, 124–125</a>), in his description there is no indication of the cenotaph or its supposed whereabouts either. This structure can hardly be numbered among maqams. Large size, rich moldings, the presence of mihrab suggest that the building was a house of worship, a mosque or even an Islamic school (<i>madrasah</i>) situated near the Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Mahsir">Beit Mahsir</a>.</div>
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The plan of the mosque (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I0nfBgrMRz0/UMyHDNhNe2I/AAAAAAAAAJw/Tu21XF-nYdg/s1600/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+09+%28plan%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I0nfBgrMRz0/UMyHDNhNe2I/AAAAAAAAAJw/Tu21XF-nYdg/s400/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+09+(plan).jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Though the building has become a part of the park complex and stands in a busy place, its deterioration continues. Comparing the current state of the monument with its photographs of a few years ago, we can see that the destruction has gone far enough. The double-vaulted portico into the building, for example, is completely destroyed. Now to get into the second room, you need to surmount a pile of debris. Recently, the administration ha-Masrek Reserve surrounded the building with barbed wire, barring the access to the inside because of the threat of collapse.</div>
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Photo of 1964</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H39FvtxbKiw/VU0FnHqNWHI/AAAAAAAADks/0tP8Tgag3bY/s1600/Ahmad%2Bel-Ajami%2Bmosque%2B1964.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H39FvtxbKiw/VU0FnHqNWHI/AAAAAAAADks/0tP8Tgag3bY/s640/Ahmad%2Bel-Ajami%2Bmosque%2B1964.jpg" width="624" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1994 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zSBYaE7QxSw/UMyHEFRt0BI/AAAAAAAAAJ4/AaIVkdetfAE/s1600/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+1994.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="380" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zSBYaE7QxSw/UMyHEFRt0BI/AAAAAAAAAJ4/AaIVkdetfAE/s640/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+1994.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 2006</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xbn7f0d3kbk/UWi4lQ7mslI/AAAAAAAACpc/WohwZJhYGmc/s1600/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+2006.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xbn7f0d3kbk/UWi4lQ7mslI/AAAAAAAACpc/WohwZJhYGmc/s640/Ahmad+el-Ajami+mosque+2006.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> At the road junction Shoresh turn from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_1_(Israel)">Highway 1</a> onto Route 3955, leading to Beit Meir; turn right in front of moshav to ha-Masrek Reserve. From the parking place walk westwards for 350 meters along the path.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 01.08.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°47'40.3"N 35°02'28.3"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.794285,35.041344&spn=0.010523,0.01575&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/286/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 286 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/327/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 327 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA138#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 138</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme25pale#page/n237/mode/1up">Quarterly statement XXV 219</a>; <a href="https://digital.soas.ac.uk/LOAA003475/00002/259j">Canaan 1927, 250–251</a>; Khalidi 1992, 277; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21619490/Gazetteer_3._A-C">Petersen 2001, 124–125</a>; Wikipedia: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Mahsir">Bayt Mahsir</a>; <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%A7">Ha-Masrek Reserve</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7943893,35.0411447,3a,75y,26.91h,86.99t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNJpTDoguDNvsXLiYQmo6DOmFhsSwFzy_lcIkZ0!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNJpTDoguDNvsXLiYQmo6DOmFhsSwFzy_lcIkZ0%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya306.4549-ro-0-fo100!7i10240!8i5120">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Mosque of sheikh Mahmud al-‘Ajami</b></div>
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<b>مسجد الشيخ محمود العجمي</b></div>
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<b>מסגד שייח' מחמוד אל-עג'מי
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Near the Spring of Qoby stands a pretty impressive building (8.50 x 8.70 x 4.70 m). This is a former mosque built in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman period</a> and named after sheikh Mahmud al-‘Ajami. The structure was built of ashlar stones in secondary use. A column in secondary use was incorporated in the exterior southeast corner of the building. Well-preserved <i>mihrab</i> is surrounded by inscriptions in Arabic: “Allah Akbar.” The entrance is blocked by the iron lattice with a lock.</div>
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The foundation of the mosque dates back to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire">Roman-Byzantine period</a>. At that time here stood Nymphēum and other facilities. Nearby lie the remains of the Church of the Crusaders.</div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5UPAxz82SLI/UMycQrqXLOI/AAAAAAAAAKM/O1ebWsGi_iw/s1600/Mahmud+el-%E2%80%98Ajami+mosque+02+%28from+the+north%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5UPAxz82SLI/UMycQrqXLOI/AAAAAAAAAKM/O1ebWsGi_iw/s640/Mahmud+el-%E2%80%98Ajami+mosque+02+(from+the+north).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RZpOJOs9YU4/UMycZ-QTuCI/AAAAAAAAAKU/lSXrXvlZ3LU/s1600/Mahmud+el-%E2%80%98Ajami+mosque+03+%28from+the+west%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RZpOJOs9YU4/UMycZ-QTuCI/AAAAAAAAAKU/lSXrXvlZ3LU/s640/Mahmud+el-%E2%80%98Ajami+mosque+03+(from+the+west).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UZqFYw9AT8E/UMycfDwSuUI/AAAAAAAAAKc/Xdx9popGtcU/s1600/Mahmud+el-%E2%80%98Ajami+mosque+04+%28mihrab%29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UZqFYw9AT8E/UMycfDwSuUI/AAAAAAAAAKc/Xdx9popGtcU/s640/Mahmud+el-%E2%80%98Ajami+mosque+04+(mihrab).jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7zh_J3JB3EM/UTC29ibQqMI/AAAAAAAACcM/CrzdvHzxYgs/s1600/Mahmud+el-%E2%80%98Ajami+mosque+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="542" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7zh_J3JB3EM/UTC29ibQqMI/AAAAAAAACcM/CrzdvHzxYgs/s640/Mahmud+el-%E2%80%98Ajami+mosque+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> From Route 385, near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevo_Beitar">Mevo Beitar</a>, turn on the paved road leading north, up to ‘Ein Qoby.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 13.08.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°43'32.6"N 35°07'02.8"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.725356,35.117369&spn=0.028837,0.038581&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/384/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 384</a>; Khalidi 1992, 307–308; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 248–249</a>; Wikipedia: <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99">‘Ein Qoby</a>; <a href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?id=703&mag_id=114">Hadashot Arkheologiyot</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7258968,35.117466,3a,60y,129.65h,93.03t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNbYM07NnPfbFypc23UXRYSumsa5gGQQT4RYiKB!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNbYM07NnPfbFypc23UXRYSumsa5gGQQT4RYiKB%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya195.72478-ro-0-fo100!7i9728!8i4864">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Mosque in Qula village</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في قولة</b></div>
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<b>מסגד בקולה</b></div>
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A. Petersen mentioned a ruined mosque and maqam near it, which were in the former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qula">Qula</a>, near crossroad Giv'at Koah on Highway 444. According to Petersen, “<i>The mosque stood approximately 10 m east of the Crusader tower. It comprised a large vaulted Iwan and a smaller room with an inscription above the entrance</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">2001, 254</a>).<br />
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Photo of 1930s</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gCQt3pdeYTY/W-dC4lf_3sI/AAAAAAAAG-Y/0p6nDC-kvrkNGcgTyZiFYNrAuqE11hCUACLcBGAs/s1600/Qula%2Bmosque.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="568" data-original-width="808" height="448" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gCQt3pdeYTY/W-dC4lf_3sI/AAAAAAAAG-Y/0p6nDC-kvrkNGcgTyZiFYNrAuqE11hCUACLcBGAs/s640/Qula%2Bmosque.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Now only small fragments have survived from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem">Crusader</a> tower. The remains of the mosque are 30 m to the south-east.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cG_9f7pd1wI/W-dFATBYc8I/AAAAAAAAG-k/tvj91r-y77IJmb8TEl3ipKaP2jCQWkgOQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_3976.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cG_9f7pd1wI/W-dFATBYc8I/AAAAAAAAG-k/tvj91r-y77IJmb8TEl3ipKaP2jCQWkgOQCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_3976.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pGD0ZMa5IsQ/W-dFBqkUUHI/AAAAAAAAG-s/zWy8Ye6smDI4mQXT3IDj5VaJjeAPFBDvQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_3977.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pGD0ZMa5IsQ/W-dFBqkUUHI/AAAAAAAAG-s/zWy8Ye6smDI4mQXT3IDj5VaJjeAPFBDvQCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_3977.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab in the south wall</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LbtazQRjI74/W-dF6oyU0JI/AAAAAAAAG-4/AwopIS3KnD02aKvO68UIXCxDq78pP9WiQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_3981.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LbtazQRjI74/W-dF6oyU0JI/AAAAAAAAG-4/AwopIS3KnD02aKvO68UIXCxDq78pP9WiQCLcBGAs/s640/IMG_3981.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 09.08.18<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°02'16.1"N 34°57'17.8"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.037798,%2034.954939&spn=0.028837,0.038581&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R">Petersen 2001, 254</a>; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94">Mivzar Qula National Park</a>; <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20071024013737/http://www.jalili48.com/pub/EN_ShowGallary.asp?GName=What_Remained_of_the_destroyed&SuName=Qula">Qula</a></div>
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<b>Mosque in Umm ash-Sheikh</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في أم الشيخ</b></div>
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<b>מסגד באום א-שייח</b></div>
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Palestinian village Umm ash-Sheikh (The mother of the Sheikh) is mentioned in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)">E. Robinson's</a> list of the village around Jerusalem (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=056MfVdpXmUC&pg=RA1-PA122&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">1841, III 122</a>). Around in the middle of 19th century the village was abandoned by its residents, as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> describes only the mosque, “<i>Umm esh-Sheikh is larger building, but ruinous. There is Wakuf, or grebe-land, belonging to the mosque</i>” (SWP III, 157). The settlement`s ruins are located 200 km to the west from the mosque and are known as Khirbet ar-Ras.<br />
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During 150 years the residents of Arabic village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beitunia">Beitunia</a> have been keeping on visiting the mosque. There, to Beitunia the residents of Umm ash-Sheikh might have moved to. In 1980s as asphalt road was laid to the mosque and to the Maqam of sheikh Abu az-Zeitun (see Section <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/3-maqams-judaean-mountains.html">3. Maqams. Judaean Mountains</a>). But when the Israeli built the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier">Separation barrier</a> in 2003, the access to the mosque from Beitunia was blocked. A free access there from the Israeli territory was also impossible: the way partly lies along the patrol road alongside the Separation barrier. To move there you should obtain a special permission from the Israeli patrol service. From time to time special excursions are organized, during which the Israeli visit Umm ash-Sheikh and other archaeological objects in this region.<br />
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jrRo7dv5p_Y/W-HYlXG-hfI/AAAAAAAAG5A/1rhERQ9A8go822oi34oh_9WX4U4n9TxRgCLcBGAs/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jrRo7dv5p_Y/W-HYlXG-hfI/AAAAAAAAG5A/1rhERQ9A8go822oi34oh_9WX4U4n9TxRgCLcBGAs/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0oJriGlwFBc/W-HZy5CfDHI/AAAAAAAAG5k/K0Aw_Fq6M8Mz9asIqAUK9tac-KeBKPrlACLcBGAs/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0oJriGlwFBc/W-HZy5CfDHI/AAAAAAAAG5k/K0Aw_Fq6M8Mz9asIqAUK9tac-KeBKPrlACLcBGAs/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wL6xHSc66VM/W-Hah3GsydI/AAAAAAAAG5w/ukdVVEukz9gF66xHgPH9GFHO7jgab5kDwCLcBGAs/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wL6xHSc66VM/W-Hah3GsydI/AAAAAAAAG5w/ukdVVEukz9gF66xHgPH9GFHO7jgab5kDwCLcBGAs/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gtgvAKV7DV4/W-HasQY6v5I/AAAAAAAAG50/pgrtw3QxDM0qLQisbGSLWMm0AktAiVVIQCLcBGAs/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gtgvAKV7DV4/W-HasQY6v5I/AAAAAAAAG50/pgrtw3QxDM0qLQisbGSLWMm0AktAiVVIQCLcBGAs/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mosque has quite a big walled yard with two arched entrances from the west and east. In the south part of the yard there is an old kermes oak and few service buildings, which are now destroying. In the north part of the yards there is a Prayer hall with a dome and <i>mihrab</i>, and two more rooms on the sides of it. A wall painting has partly survived in the Prayer hall: it is ornament and with quotation from Quran in cartouche.<br />
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It is not clear where was the entrance to the Prayer hall. Now you can get into it via one of the windows in the south wall. Obviously, the entrance was bricked up, but where it was exactly is very difficult to identify.<br />
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Mosque courtyard</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2i7JNNm2nfE/W-HYtFBZtQI/AAAAAAAAG5U/QP_70Fxk_xstEdNb5GWU5XbCvu4iFOSMQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2i7JNNm2nfE/W-HYtFBZtQI/AAAAAAAAG5U/QP_70Fxk_xstEdNb5GWU5XbCvu4iFOSMQCEwYBhgL/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Mosque courtyard</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eGz1mjoH_tA/W-Ha1dMli9I/AAAAAAAAG6E/5ehcDebQ-McqIc1iY9JHSgrO71RCYwJmgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B09.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eGz1mjoH_tA/W-Ha1dMli9I/AAAAAAAAG6E/5ehcDebQ-McqIc1iY9JHSgrO71RCYwJmgCEwYBhgL/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Mosque courtyard</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jLclctIY_U0/W-HZzxQnzeI/AAAAAAAAG5s/2shIaHx5ZEA13tTpQr3SfqpMRgIANKvuwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jLclctIY_U0/W-HZzxQnzeI/AAAAAAAAG5s/2shIaHx5ZEA13tTpQr3SfqpMRgIANKvuwCEwYBhgL/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Prayer hall</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-W7yG0L7Npxw/W-HZjMASZxI/AAAAAAAAG5g/L8J6jQ8KqFgihmh80snkVa4vI799rMQ9QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-W7yG0L7Npxw/W-HZjMASZxI/AAAAAAAAG5g/L8J6jQ8KqFgihmh80snkVa4vI799rMQ9QCEwYBhgL/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Prayer hall</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MNR9gii7PBQ/W-HbZSBAFeI/AAAAAAAAG6U/exiqLNeBudAaYTOoyU9ySrudLmQWLVaOQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MNR9gii7PBQ/W-HbZSBAFeI/AAAAAAAAG6U/exiqLNeBudAaYTOoyU9ySrudLmQWLVaOQCEwYBhgL/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The Prayer hall</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NqccHqokdaw/W-HbjeJikaI/AAAAAAAAG6c/aS84b9T2Da8ffTDRn9jdrRa5kjtTJtGUgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NqccHqokdaw/W-HbjeJikaI/AAAAAAAAG6c/aS84b9T2Da8ffTDRn9jdrRa5kjtTJtGUgCEwYBhgL/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Side room</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E0X6sJEEzXY/W-HbuDoKlrI/AAAAAAAAG6k/gJ4Qa2FwDvw2T-L_QwSF_X6qUtXMJYWLQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B12.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E0X6sJEEzXY/W-HbuDoKlrI/AAAAAAAAG6k/gJ4Qa2FwDvw2T-L_QwSF_X6qUtXMJYWLQCEwYBhgL/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B12.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AB8y8l0kDh4/W-I0fpEpEMI/AAAAAAAAG64/-ErCFblqEnE8APfLR-IbVFK-2CGcPBDMwCLcBGAs/s1600/Umm%2Bash-Sheikh%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="952" height="542" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AB8y8l0kDh4/W-I0fpEpEMI/AAAAAAAAG64/-ErCFblqEnE8APfLR-IbVFK-2CGcPBDMwCLcBGAs/s640/Umm%2Bash-Sheikh%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyUphYTJp4ZbrcmG7JyS_JBn1dQyvyzWSH9DfiKhTeV7jjG40WLh9t9qnZlGr8hBWXPtPwZ2Qw2OiNj2EiZlQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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It is interesting that among the ruins on Khirbet ar-Ras there is a building which looks like a maqam or a small village mosque. It is square with a mihrab in the south wall. There is no reference of a Muslim shrine on Khirbet ar-Ras. It might be a first mosque in the settlement; and later there was built a more spacious mosque known as Umm ash-Sheikh.<br />
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The building which looks like a maqam</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NZecQuKvixo/W-Hb-DQ53vI/AAAAAAAAG6o/KMA0EsRwAzUcex2yHr_KkX0QuWxS5VACQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B13.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NZecQuKvixo/W-Hb-DQ53vI/AAAAAAAAG6o/KMA0EsRwAzUcex2yHr_KkX0QuWxS5VACQCEwYBhgL/s640/Umm%2Bash%2BSheikh%2Bmosque%2B13.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>: To reach the mosque in Umm ash-Sheikh you should take quite a difficult way, the plan is attached below.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cDWlFbnMFgE/W6KNyGnWwsI/AAAAAAAAGRU/anT5qooq3gEq73uUMncrmaJr04i67f7xACPcBGAYYCw/s1600/Umm%2Besh%2BSheikh.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1019" data-original-width="1600" height="406" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cDWlFbnMFgE/W6KNyGnWwsI/AAAAAAAAGRU/anT5qooq3gEq73uUMncrmaJr04i67f7xACPcBGAYYCw/s640/Umm%2Besh%2BSheikh.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 10.08.18<br />
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°53'03.1"N 35°08'39.7"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.884186,%2035.144347&spn=0.028837,0.038581&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=056MfVdpXmUC&pg=RA1-PA122&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Robinson 1841, III 122</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/157/mode/1up">SWP III, 157</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/330/mode/1u">Palmer 1881, 330 (Sheet XVII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA148#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 148</a>; iNature: <a href="https://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90">Beitunia Reserve</a></div>
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<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8841362,35.1443329,3a,60y,64.67h,83.65t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPjg1ewIlkuKMpxxE5wkQ50hrwL_tsou2mzUesB!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPjg1ewIlkuKMpxxE5wkQ50hrwL_tsou2mzUesB%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya243.2489-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8840885,35.1442223,3a,75y,283.04h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM9UldnSpvqEnjrNa13tQTiarn4nc6Ut1twUgCJ!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM9UldnSpvqEnjrNa13tQTiarn4nc6Ut1twUgCJ%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya189.25902-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096">Panorama 2</a><br />
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<b>Mosque in al-Yahudiya</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في اليهودية</b></div>
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<b>מסגד ביהודייה</b></div>
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Where once used to stand an Palestinian Arab village al-Yahudiya (since 1932 – <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-%27Abbasiyya">al-‘Abbasiya</a>) now lies the Israeli city <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehud">Yehud</a>. Former village mosque together with the tomb of sheikh (presumably, sheikh ‘Abbas) is included in the structure of a functioning synagogue in the center of the village. All what’s left of the mosque is a minaret of 21 meters high with an inscription in Arabic representing the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahada">shahada</a></i>. Entrance to the minaret is tightly closed. The white dome in the southern part of the synagogue originally might have crowned the sheikh’s tomb.</div>
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View from the west</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E_mm3oc4R00/UM3-fp3aDWI/AAAAAAAAANg/Xt9FJoMiB8g/s1600/Mosque+of+Yehud+01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E_mm3oc4R00/UM3-fp3aDWI/AAAAAAAAANg/Xt9FJoMiB8g/s640/Mosque+of+Yehud+01.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1948. <a href="http://www.iaqsa.com/2012/03/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84/">Source</a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9AfTCZ2WWaY/UQ6DkbTi7hI/AAAAAAAACAw/akrJsQa2sCo/s1600/Mosque+of+Yehud+1948.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9AfTCZ2WWaY/UQ6DkbTi7hI/AAAAAAAACAw/akrJsQa2sCo/s640/Mosque+of+Yehud+1948.jpg" width="524" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rceB117Rdps/UM4AWRMYygI/AAAAAAAAANw/6_BPPrcxvMM/s1600/Mosque+of+Yehud+05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="476" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rceB117Rdps/UM4AWRMYygI/AAAAAAAAANw/6_BPPrcxvMM/s640/Mosque+of+Yehud+05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QPUnUb-i9jo/UM4Abrapj-I/AAAAAAAAAN4/mKm21v5Fg5k/s1600/Mosque+of+Yehud+06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QPUnUb-i9jo/UM4Abrapj-I/AAAAAAAAAN4/mKm21v5Fg5k/s640/Mosque+of+Yehud+06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east. In the foreground is the Yehud Municipality</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-e4zWlNILUY0/UM4AhYFozbI/AAAAAAAAAOA/IrZrJGWQyRw/s1600/Mosque+of+Yehud+04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-e4zWlNILUY0/UM4AhYFozbI/AAAAAAAAAOA/IrZrJGWQyRw/s640/Mosque+of+Yehud+04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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This tomb is to be distinguished from the tomb of the patriarch Judah, son of Jacob, which is also situated in Yehud (north-west) and is a Jewish shrine. However, it is also of a Muslim origin, and in the 19th century was known as the Maqam nabi Huda.</div>
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The tomb of Judah, son of Jacob (former Maqam <span style="text-align: justify;">na</span><span style="text-align: justify;">bi</span> Huda)</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QjzlBtr1BOo/UM4Xv1FyZvI/AAAAAAAAAQ0/Fq_dAKi2b9U/s1600/Judas+son+Jacob.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QjzlBtr1BOo/UM4Xv1FyZvI/AAAAAAAAAQ0/Fq_dAKi2b9U/s640/Judas+son+Jacob.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route.</i> From Highway 461 (Derech Lod) turn into <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehud">Yehud</a>, then drive along the streets for about 800 m till you reach the Municipality; the synagogue is located behind it. See the exact location on my map.</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0XWg6qMD4f8/XAmdlX-1oTI/AAAAAAAAHD4/s1VN0kIXHn8DKSy8Lddy9X2JMbJUxIs1wCLcBGAs/s1600/Yahudiya%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1002" data-original-width="1251" height="512" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0XWg6qMD4f8/XAmdlX-1oTI/AAAAAAAAHD4/s1VN0kIXHn8DKSy8Lddy9X2JMbJUxIs1wCLcBGAs/s640/Yahudiya%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 11.08.12<br />
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°01'51.4"N 34°53'20.3"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.030417,34.88878&spn=0.010496,0.01575&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/216/mode/1up">Palmer 1881, 216, 218 (Sheet XIII)</a>; <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H6A_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Stewardson 1888, 137</a>; Khalidi 1992, 232; Benvenisti 2000, 276; iNature: <a href="http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93">Yehud</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@32.0309339,34.8886716,3a,75y,69.9h,93.67t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sOh6hW9agdXX_fCEGRYLpWw!2e0!6s%2F%2Fgeo2.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3DOh6hW9agdXX_fCEGRYLpWw%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D348.9024%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Mosque in Yazur</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في يازور</b></div>
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<b>מסגד ביאזור</b></div>
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After 1948 Israeli settlement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azor">Azor</a> appeared on the place of Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazur">Yazur</a>. There left four historic buildings of Yazur: the Crusader tower on the high hill, the Maqam of imam ‘Ali turned into a synagogue, and also the Maqam of sheikh al-Katanani (see Section <a href="https://borisfenus.blogspot.com/2013/01/10-rebuilt-maqams-and-modern-replicas.html">10. Rebuilt Maqams and Modern replicas of Maqams</a>). The fourth place is a mosque which stands 50 m to the east from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem">Crusader</a> tower. A Petersen commented it, “<i>It is a large building entered from a doorway in the north wall. Inside is a large square room roofed with a massive cross-vault springing from four corner piers. In the centre of the vault is a small shallow dome. There are two small windows set into large recesses in the west wall and a large window in the east wall. The mihrab is located in the middle of the south wall and west of it is a fixed stone minbar of three large steps. There are four large triangles set into the west side of the vault</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 312–313</a>).</div>
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oyHeVXhWpeQ/W-JOfZlK8fI/AAAAAAAAG7I/d6dCEqsWcCMr8pgZMycW2PqdSweQFubigCLcBGAs/s1600/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oyHeVXhWpeQ/W-JOfZlK8fI/AAAAAAAAG7I/d6dCEqsWcCMr8pgZMycW2PqdSweQFubigCLcBGAs/s640/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SeScFUm271A/W-JOfl79f5I/AAAAAAAAG7M/eEK8Bsz8WNAF-jZIs5Fzk12fcv7FSKnigCLcBGAs/s1600/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SeScFUm271A/W-JOfl79f5I/AAAAAAAAG7M/eEK8Bsz8WNAF-jZIs5Fzk12fcv7FSKnigCLcBGAs/s640/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The stone stairs which lead to the roof of the Western wall</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u1JrG3NEGBU/W-JOegRIptI/AAAAAAAAG7E/PLr0o8kBNW8uc61j-Gn6bqNYPx1AR8IaACLcBGAs/s1600/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u1JrG3NEGBU/W-JOegRIptI/AAAAAAAAG7E/PLr0o8kBNW8uc61j-Gn6bqNYPx1AR8IaACLcBGAs/s640/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Mihrab in the South wall</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Du4xXgUwAsI/W-JOk0PYGyI/AAAAAAAAG7Q/BSB9-kHqsgYaFMy7DaCDHOgD7bYBAjWsACLcBGAs/s1600/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Du4xXgUwAsI/W-JOk0PYGyI/AAAAAAAAG7Q/BSB9-kHqsgYaFMy7DaCDHOgD7bYBAjWsACLcBGAs/s640/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Inside the mosque. Western wall</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5Aj35eVM6vs/W-JOndKeMgI/AAAAAAAAG7U/RoLFJSjJM8kPAE15oC8PCPJxiKvzuP3JACLcBGAs/s1600/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5Aj35eVM6vs/W-JOndKeMgI/AAAAAAAAG7U/RoLFJSjJM8kPAE15oC8PCPJxiKvzuP3JACLcBGAs/s640/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Petersen did not mention about the remains of stone stairs which lead to the roof of the Western wall, but from thee exterior side. Now the entrance to the mosque is locked, so you can make the pictures of it only through an iron bar. In the tower of Crusaders standing nearby there are chairs and lighting devices folded there.</div>
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Not like the neighboring Maqam of imam ‘Ali that J. Zaullart saw even in 1586 and which was built in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)">Mamluks period</a>, this mosque was built in 19th centuries on the basement of the Crusaders church. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> who visited Yazur added, “<i>The mosque offers me a few big square ancient blocks</i>” (Judee I 26).<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IeUMvsknhvw/W-I0JsP2JNI/AAAAAAAAG6w/DI0sqk0TovIhPrc1DjmtbYirUqWyk-kbgCLcBGAs/s1600/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B%2528Azor%2529%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="907" data-original-width="959" height="604" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IeUMvsknhvw/W-I0JsP2JNI/AAAAAAAAG6w/DI0sqk0TovIhPrc1DjmtbYirUqWyk-kbgCLcBGAs/s640/Yazur%2Bmosque%2B%2528Azor%2529%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. The mosque is located in the centre of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azor">Azor</a> in ha-Metsuda Garden.</div>
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<i>Visited</i>: 12.08.15</div>
<i>Coordinates</i>: 32°01'32.4"N 34°48'13.7"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=32.025660,%2034.803799&spn=0.010496,0.01575&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog01gu#page/26/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee I 26</a>; Khalidi 1992, 261–262; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 312–313</a><br />
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/113020720011444670247/photos/@32.0289358,34.8038469,3a,15y,343.8h,66.25t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sAF1QipO1OfSoop6EAxafYQd_Df8jydhMFMMrqCANFExk!2e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO1OfSoop6EAxafYQd_Df8jydhMFMMrqCANFExk%3Dw365-h260-k-no-pi-10-ya317.5094-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1">Panorama</a><br />
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<b>Mosque in Zarnuqa</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في زرنوقةا</b></div>
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<b>מסגד בזרנוגה</b></div>
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On the place of Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarnuqa">Zarnuqa</a> there is Kiryat Moshe, the suburbs of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehovot">Rehovot</a>. The only remains of Zarnuqa that we can see now – is a village mosque, closed for visitors. A lock is hanging on the iron fence.<br />
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According to the Arabic inscription cut on the vaulted arch at the entrance in the north wall, it was built in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calendar">Hegira</a> according to the will of sheikh Ahmad ar-Rahhal in 1207, i.g. in 1792/1793. It is quite obvious, thst this mosque saw the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria">troops of Bonaparte</a>. In May, 1799 the French grenadiers were passing through Zarnuqa on their way to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramla">Ramla</a>. 120 years later the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign">troops of Allenby</a>. In November 1917 the Australian cavalry brigade was prancing on the streets of Zarnuqa and the photographers happened to make photos of them and captured the mosque. It was the first photos of Zarnuqa.<br />
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View from the north</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z4E_ZFbj3do/XBgLf7zjUeI/AAAAAAAAHK0/Q7Ygke502eswa6xu5QD9wtkUXHgZ78nvwCKgBGAs/s1600/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B02%2Bnorth.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z4E_ZFbj3do/XBgLf7zjUeI/AAAAAAAAHK0/Q7Ygke502eswa6xu5QD9wtkUXHgZ78nvwCKgBGAs/s640/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B02%2Bnorth.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1917</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-28WkKYXPT2o/XBgLtlxNDsI/AAAAAAAAHK4/qwWsZzbqsYozx3muHU7j0DZ5gWZ7NAwtACKgBGAs/s1600/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B1918.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="450" height="296" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-28WkKYXPT2o/XBgLtlxNDsI/AAAAAAAAHK4/qwWsZzbqsYozx3muHU7j0DZ5gWZ7NAwtACKgBGAs/s400/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B1918.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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We can compare what the mosque looked like in the early 20th century, and the way it looks now. In general, it is almost the same. A small tower in the south-western corner of the mosque, which looks like remains of a destroyed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minaret"><i>minaret</i></a>, in fact wasn`t a minaret in 1917. In the Australian photos this tower looks the same as now. The purpose of it is still unclear: probably it was built instead of minaret, as a step to appeal for pray.<br />
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In general, the mosque is in good condition. In the lower layers, we see an original brickwork, upper – concrete was added. Somewhere there is fresh concrete applied to fix the disporting parts of the exterior décor. The east wall shows all this.<br />
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The mosque itself is not big (11,25 x 9,80 m) and has a small yard on the north side (11,25 x 5,75 m), parted into two parts with a cross wall. According to the photos of 1917–18, this yard was much more spacious. Then it was cut. You can get from this yard into the mosque through arched entrance decorated with an Arabic inscription. On both sides there are two windows. Another entrance, an arched one as well, is in the east wall. There are a few windows, holes and entrances in this wall; and it is difficult to tell which of them are original, and which are not.<br />
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View from the east</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ekGXzj3VrXA/XBgMCAbVl2I/AAAAAAAAHLA/mnJTDm3Yzy8weAndwrtSmTop5G-QCgk5ACKgBGAs/s1600/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B04%2Beast.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ekGXzj3VrXA/XBgMCAbVl2I/AAAAAAAAHLA/mnJTDm3Yzy8weAndwrtSmTop5G-QCgk5ACKgBGAs/s640/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B04%2Beast.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4gcsOirbZzM/XBgMCD4pPzI/AAAAAAAAHLA/y36x_wq_s5wzV83gpbNBZ9629IfOmt0owCKgBGAs/s1600/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B05%2Bsouth.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4gcsOirbZzM/XBgMCD4pPzI/AAAAAAAAHLA/y36x_wq_s5wzV83gpbNBZ9629IfOmt0owCKgBGAs/s640/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B05%2Bsouth.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Each wall inside of the mosque is decorated with an arched roof. A deep <i>mihrab</i> is remarkable, with a corresponding brow outside of the south wall. In the west wall there is a small niche with an uncler purpose. According A. Petersen, the mosque might have stairs leading to the roof (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 321</a>). Now there is no sign of the stairs. Petersen also writes about a Muslim cemetery located to the south from the mosque. Now this territory is built up with houses.<br />
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Arched entrance decorated with an Arabic inscription</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2oDZb3068FI/XBgMesst8YI/AAAAAAAAHLI/YDHiJzLhNn0s8PHSYxzVhcGLTVGcQoDQACKgBGAs/s1600/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2oDZb3068FI/XBgMesst8YI/AAAAAAAAHLI/YDHiJzLhNn0s8PHSYxzVhcGLTVGcQoDQACKgBGAs/s640/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Arabic inscription</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yPxrsihhhOY/XBgMtazDxsI/AAAAAAAAHLM/Ozkk0RM9puM2QYFGWIJfNW-hUt7RPjFKACKgBGAs/s1600/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B08.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yPxrsihhhOY/XBgMtazDxsI/AAAAAAAAHLM/Ozkk0RM9puM2QYFGWIJfNW-hUt7RPjFKACKgBGAs/s640/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The mihrab</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RdqArSbXuao/XBgNG6K8CvI/AAAAAAAAHLY/ac7rH_QHEh8TABjFkKewcWr_Qn_DFSWzQCKgBGAs/s1600/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B09%2Bmihrab.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1197" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RdqArSbXuao/XBgNG6K8CvI/AAAAAAAAHLY/ac7rH_QHEh8TABjFkKewcWr_Qn_DFSWzQCKgBGAs/s640/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2B09%2Bmihrab.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Route</i>. You can reach the mosque (it is located in the southern part of Kiryat Moshe) from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_412_(Israel)">Route 412</a>, through Qiriyat Moshe, to Amnon ve-Tamar street.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iTf7lA4u3nw/XBgNYNdnCCI/AAAAAAAAHLg/7nbIaQPCzHYamABf0d4Jv7gW9K4e1daxACLcBGAs/s1600/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2Bair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="638" data-original-width="960" height="424" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iTf7lA4u3nw/XBgNYNdnCCI/AAAAAAAAHLg/7nbIaQPCzHYamABf0d4Jv7gW9K4e1daxACLcBGAs/s640/Zarnuqa%2Bmosque%2Bair.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Coordinates</i>: 31°52'45.7"N 34°47'22.6"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.879371,%2034.789612&spn=0.010496,0.01575&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a><br />
<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/52/mode/1up">Guerin, Judee II 52</a>; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 321</a></div>
<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8793388,34.7894253,3a,75y,71.32h,85.72t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sxZP1xDVrUOLpma8do1nGPg!2e0!7i13312!8i6656">Panorama</a></div>
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<b>Mosque in Zekharia</b></div>
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<b>مسجد في زكريا</b></div>
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<b>מסגד בזכריה</b></div>
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Usually Israelis founded their settlements aside, in the vicinity of or even close to former Palestinian villages abandoned by their inhabitants. And only in rare cases Israeli settlements appears in the place and instead of Arab villages. The latter include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekharia">Zekharia</a> moshav. It is located in the place of a former Palestinian village <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az-Zakariyya">Zakariya</a> and inherited its name. Only a rural mosque standing in the middle of present moshav has survived from former Palestinian buildings.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z587FqU4N5w/UUy-EHh3JsI/AAAAAAAACnE/-TRO372H-9M/s1600/Zekharia+mosque+air.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="540" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z587FqU4N5w/UUy-EHh3JsI/AAAAAAAACnE/-TRO372H-9M/s640/Zekharia+mosque+air.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The following picture came into the view of A. Petersen in 1993: “<i>The mosque consists of a large prayer hall with a square minaret attached to the centre of the east side. The prayer hall forms a large rectangle (20 m north-south x 10 m east-west) divided into six bays roofed by cross-vaults supported by two central piers and ten engaged piers. The entrance is in the centre of the west side. The north and east walls are each pierced by two windows, whilst the south wall has two blocked windows. There is a minbar next to the central pier in the south wall, although no traces of a mihrab can be seen. The two southern bays of the prayer hall appear to belong to an earlier phase (probably medieval). Approximately in the centre of the east wall is a doorway leading to the minaret. Inside the minaret is a spiral staircase lit by a small slit window. At the top of the tower is a small cylindrical domed kiosk opening on to a balcony. The balcony has a circular plan and overhangs the edges of the minaret</i>.<br />
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<i>The shrine of Shaykh Hasan is built against the west wall of the mosque. This is a square building roofed with a cross-vault supported by corner piers. The shrine is entered by a door in the north wall. In the centre of the south wall was the cenotaph of Shaykh Hasan (removed in recent times leaving the outline of the structure in the floor and the wall</i>” (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">2001, 320</a>).</div>
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Photo of 1987 (from the book by W. Khalidi)</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g0jdKwruzWM/UUy-BALiZ7I/AAAAAAAACmw/kmwfsHSfQJI/s1600/Zekharia+mosque+1987.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="456" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g0jdKwruzWM/UUy-BALiZ7I/AAAAAAAACmw/kmwfsHSfQJI/s640/Zekharia+mosque+1987.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Photo of 1993 (from the book by A. Petersen)</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bXs3mN09sGI/UUy-BqjwtLI/AAAAAAAACm4/-sTXJGjugK8/s1600/Zekharia+mosque+1993.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="438" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bXs3mN09sGI/UUy-BqjwtLI/AAAAAAAACm4/-sTXJGjugK8/s640/Zekharia+mosque+1993.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Plan of the mosque and maqam (from the book by A. Petersen). We made some specifications: a window close to an entrance into a burial room and also immured windows in a southern wall.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HjwT-m8EJZk/UUy-ELjaPYI/AAAAAAAACnI/qMXZP_Ymd6w/s1600/Zekharia+mosque+plan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HjwT-m8EJZk/UUy-ELjaPYI/AAAAAAAACnI/qMXZP_Ymd6w/s400/Zekharia+mosque+plan.jpg" width="392" /></a></div>
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At present the mosque is located in emergency condition. It is enclosed by a high fence, a plate hanging on it says: “Dangerous building. No entry.” The part of masonry collapses in the prayer tower foundation that is why a prayer tower may crash at any time. No attempts to save the building from destruction are being made. Abandoned agricultural machinery is dumped inside a mosque which testifies that for some time the mosque was used by moshav’s dwellers as a warehouse.</div>
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View from the south-west </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HQsOEkH_zBw/UUy8xVPnDvI/AAAAAAAACmI/G7quWn38Ep8/s1600/Zekharia+mosque+01+south-west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HQsOEkH_zBw/UUy8xVPnDvI/AAAAAAAACmI/G7quWn38Ep8/s640/Zekharia+mosque+01+south-west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the south-east </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8-Jiqqafp8A/UUy9NwbyaKI/AAAAAAAACmQ/oiS5h37A2rc/s1600/Zekharia+mosque+02+south-east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8-Jiqqafp8A/UUy9NwbyaKI/AAAAAAAACmQ/oiS5h37A2rc/s640/Zekharia+mosque+02+south-east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-east</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xXKKbFhleDw/UUy8MgmZp5I/AAAAAAAACmA/hR3gZA0jinI/s1600/Zekharia+mosque+03+north-east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xXKKbFhleDw/UUy8MgmZp5I/AAAAAAAACmA/hR3gZA0jinI/s640/Zekharia+mosque+03+north-east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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View from the north-west </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-n7cVUuNnz8E/UUy90I1v1GI/AAAAAAAACmY/SwHC0qLumpc/s1600/Zekharia+mosque+04+north-west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-n7cVUuNnz8E/UUy90I1v1GI/AAAAAAAACmY/SwHC0qLumpc/s640/Zekharia+mosque+04+north-west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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In fact, there is no mihrab in a southern wall of the mosque but three steps remained as if leading to a minbar which existed some time ago. An entrance to room adjoining the mosque from the west is completely immured, it seems impossible to check whether this room is a maqam in which sheikh Hasan was buried. A. Petersen identified the tomb of this sheikh or <i>wely</i> Neby Zakariya mentioned by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin">V. Guérin</a> (<a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr03gugoog#page/n382/mode/1up">Judee II 371</a>). However, Guérin does not tell that <i>wely</i> Neby Zakariya adjoins the mosque. In general, authors of 19th century do not tell about a mosque in Zakariya village. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder">C. Conder</a> also tells briefly: “<i>There is a Mukam in the present village sacred to Neby Zakariya</i>.” (<a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/27/mode/1up">SWP III 27</a>) We have already encountered on a number of occasions with such cases when early European travelers noted some single maqam and after that at the end of 19th or in the beginning of 20th century a mosque was built near this maqam.</div>
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Interior the mosque</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ebfIdTqcBTQ/UUy90kWeVwI/AAAAAAAACmg/rRCef8wzApM/s1600/Zekharia+mosque+05+interior+east.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ebfIdTqcBTQ/UUy90kWeVwI/AAAAAAAACmg/rRCef8wzApM/s640/Zekharia+mosque+05+interior+east.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Interior. The southern wall</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CHc5pruabxk/UUy_suUAP9I/AAAAAAAACnQ/r4t5LO5Akv8/s1600/Zekharia+mosque+06+interior+south.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CHc5pruabxk/UUy_suUAP9I/AAAAAAAACnQ/r4t5LO5Akv8/s640/Zekharia+mosque+06+interior+south.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i style="text-align: left;">Coordinates</i><span style="text-align: left;">: </span>31°42'30.6"N 34°56'40.0"E<br />
Location of the object on <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=31.710426,34.944506&spn=0.056881,0.077162&mid=zaLisEuQHG1A.kRvy22JNo7o0">Google Maps</a></div>
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<i>References</i>: <a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/371/mode/1up">Guérin, Judee II 371</a>; <a href="http://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/27/mode/1up">SWP III 27</a>; Khalidi 192, 225–226; <a href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">Petersen 2001, 320</a></div>
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<i>Addition</i>: <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7083819,34.944327,3a,75y,340.88h,103.24t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOnQJLdQ9pAV1dYICsG9kGXp0znOl7lRq-3Yryq!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOnQJLdQ9pAV1dYICsG9kGXp0znOl7lRq-3Yryq%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya3.2533562-ro-0-fo100!7i7680!8i3840">Panorama 1</a>; <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7086512,34.9441704,3a,75y,135.32h,88.23t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sAF1QipPnubqSTQYSRY8Sw1cu0HW_LBobEyHaRqJdi2J_!2e10!7i7680!8i3840">Panorama 2</a><br />
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